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Nature.2021.06.12 [Sat, 12 Jun 2021]
[Sat, 12 Jun 2021] This Week News in Focus Books & Arts Opinion Work Research | Next section | Main menu | Donation | Next section | Main menu | | Next section | Main menu | Previous section | This Week Embrace the WHO’s new naming system for coronavirus variants [09 June 2021] Editorial • The World Health Organization’s system should have come earlier. Now, media and policymakers need to get behind it. Google’s AI approach to microchips is welcome — but needs care [09 June 2021] Editorial • Artificial intelligence can help the electronics industry to speed up chip design. But the gains must be shared equitably. The replication crisis won’t be solved with broad brushstrokes [08 June 2021] World View • A cookie-cutter strategy to reform science will cause resentment, not improvement. A light touch changes the strength of a single atomic bond [07 June 2021] Research Highlight • A technique that uses an electric field to tighten the bond between two atoms can allow a game of atomic pick-up-sticks. How fit can you get? These blood proteins hold a clue [04 June 2021] Research Highlight • Scientists pinpoint almost 150 biomarkers linked to intrinsic cardiovascular fitness, and 100 linked to fitness gained from training. Complex, lab-made ‘cells’ react to change like the real thing [02 June 2021] Research Highlight • Synthetic structures that grow artificial ‘organelles’ could provide insights into the operation of living cells. Elephants’ trunks are mighty suction machines [01 June 2021] Research Highlight • The pachyderms can nab a treat lying nearly 5 centimetres away through sheer sucking power. More than one-third of heat deaths blamed on climate change [04 June 2021] Research Highlight • Warming resulting from human activities accounts for a high percentage of heat-related deaths, especially in southern Asia and South America. -
Lectures and Seminars, Trinity Term 2015
WEDNESDay 22 april 2015 • SUpplEMENT (2) TO NO 5092 • VOl 145 Gazette Supplement Lectures and Seminars, Trinity term 2015 Romanes Lecture 462 Experimental psychology Buddhist Studies Orthopaedics, rheumatology and COMPAS Musculoskeletal Sciences Hebrew and Jewish Studies University Administration pathology Hindu Studies and Services 462 pharmacology Museum of the History of Science Disability Lecture physiology, anatomy and Genetics islamic Studies population Health reuters institute for the Study of Humanities 462 psychiatry Journalism Foundation for law, Justice and Society TOrCH | The Oxford research Centre in Social Sciences 470 the Humanities learning institute Maison Française rothermere american institute interdisciplinary research Methods Oxford Martin School Classics Sanjaya lall Memorial Trust population ageing English language and literature anthropology and Museum Ethnography ian ramsey Centre History Saïd Business School linguistics, philology and phonetics Economics Colleges, Halls and Societies 482 Medieval and Modern languages Education Music interdisciplinary area Studies all Souls Oriental Studies international Development (Queen Balliol philosophy Elizabeth House) Green Templeton Theology and religion Oxford internet institute Keble Law lady Margaret Hall Mathematical, Physical and politics and international relations linacre Life Sciences 466 Social policy and intervention lincoln Socio-legal Studies Chemistry Magdalen Sociology Computer Science Mansfield Nuffield Earth Sciences Department for Continuing Queen’s Engineering -
The Ribosome As a Regulator of Mrna Decay
www.nature.com/cr www.cell-research.com RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT Make or break: the ribosome as a regulator of mRNA decay Anthony J. Veltri1, Karole N. D’Orazio1 and Rachel Green 1 Cell Research (2020) 30:195–196; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-019-0271-3 Cells regulate α- and β-tubulin levels through a negative present. To address this, the authors mixed pre-formed feedback loop which degrades tubulin mRNA upon detection TTC5–tubulin RNCs containing crosslinker with lysates from of excess free tubulin protein. In a recent study in Science, Lin colchicine-treated or colchicine-untreated TTC5-knockout cells et al. discover a role for a novel factor, TTC5, in recognizing (either having or lacking abundant free tubulin, respectively). the N-terminal motif of tubulins as they emerge from the After irradiation, TTC5 only crosslinked to the RNC in lysates ribosome and in signaling co-translational mRNA decay. from cells that had previously been treated with colchicine; Cells use translation-coupled mRNA decay for both quality these data suggested to the authors that some other (unknown) control and general regulation of mRNA levels. A variety of known factor may prevent TTC5 from binding under conditions of low quality control pathways including Nonsense Mediated Decay free tubulin. (NMD), No-Go Decay (NGD), and Non-Stop Decay (NSD) specifi- What are likely possibilities for how such coupling between cally detect and degrade mRNAs encoding potentially toxic translation and mRNA decay might occur? One example to protein fragments or sequences which cause ribosomes to consider is that of mRNA surveillance where extensive studies in translate poorly or stall.1 More generally, canonical mRNA yeast have identified a large group of proteins that recognize degradation is broadly thought to be translation dependent, and resolve stalled RNCs found on problematic mRNAs and 1234567890();,: though the mechanisms that drive these events are not target those mRNAs for decay. -
Distinctive Regulatory Architectures of Germline-Active and Somatic Genes in C
Downloaded from genome.cshlp.org on October 7, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Research Distinctive regulatory architectures of germline-active and somatic genes in C. elegans Jacques Serizay, Yan Dong, Jürgen Jänes, Michael Chesney, Chiara Cerrato, and Julie Ahringer The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN Cambridge, United Kingdom RNA profiling has provided increasingly detailed knowledge of gene expression patterns, yet the different regulatory ar- chitectures that drive them are not well understood. To address this, we profiled and compared transcriptional and regu- latory element activities across five tissues of Caenorhabditis elegans, covering ∼90% of cells. We find that the majority of promoters and enhancers have tissue-specific accessibility, and we discover regulatory grammars associated with ubiquitous, germline, and somatic tissue–specific gene expression patterns. In addition, we find that germline-active and soma-specific promoters have distinct features. Germline-active promoters have well-positioned +1 and −1 nucleosomes associated with a periodic 10-bp WW signal (W = A/T). Somatic tissue–specific promoters lack positioned nucleosomes and this signal, have wide nucleosome-depleted regions, and are more enriched for core promoter elements, which largely differ between tissues. We observe the 10-bp periodic WW signal at ubiquitous promoters in other animals, suggesting it is an ancient conserved signal. Our results show fundamental differences in regulatory architectures of germline and somatic tissue–specific genes, uncover regulatory rules for generating diverse gene expression patterns, and provide a tissue-specific resource for future studies. [Supplemental material is available for this article.] Cell type–specific transcription regulation underlies production tissues are achieved and whether expression is governed by dis- of the myriad of different cells generated during development. -
Female Fellows of the Royal Society
Female Fellows of the Royal Society Professor Jan Anderson FRS [1996] Professor Ruth Lynden-Bell FRS [2006] Professor Judith Armitage FRS [2013] Dr Mary Lyon FRS [1973] Professor Frances Ashcroft FMedSci FRS [1999] Professor Georgina Mace CBE FRS [2002] Professor Gillian Bates FMedSci FRS [2007] Professor Trudy Mackay FRS [2006] Professor Jean Beggs CBE FRS [1998] Professor Enid MacRobbie FRS [1991] Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell DBE FRS [2003] Dr Philippa Marrack FMedSci FRS [1997] Dame Valerie Beral DBE FMedSci FRS [2006] Professor Dusa McDuff FRS [1994] Dr Mariann Bienz FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Angela McLean FRS [2009] Professor Elizabeth Blackburn AC FRS [1992] Professor Anne Mills FMedSci FRS [2013] Professor Andrea Brand FMedSci FRS [2010] Professor Brenda Milner CC FRS [1979] Professor Eleanor Burbidge FRS [1964] Dr Anne O'Garra FMedSci FRS [2008] Professor Eleanor Campbell FRS [2010] Dame Bridget Ogilvie AC DBE FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Doreen Cantrell FMedSci FRS [2011] Baroness Onora O'Neill * CBE FBA FMedSci FRS [2007] Professor Lorna Casselton CBE FRS [1999] Dame Linda Partridge DBE FMedSci FRS [1996] Professor Deborah Charlesworth FRS [2005] Dr Barbara Pearse FRS [1988] Professor Jennifer Clack FRS [2009] Professor Fiona Powrie FRS [2011] Professor Nicola Clayton FRS [2010] Professor Susan Rees FRS [2002] Professor Suzanne Cory AC FRS [1992] Professor Daniela Rhodes FRS [2007] Dame Kay Davies DBE FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Elizabeth Robertson FRS [2003] Professor Caroline Dean OBE FRS [2004] Dame Carol Robinson DBE FMedSci -
Successful Transmission and Transcriptional Deployment of A
RESEARCH ARTICLE Successful transmission and transcriptional deployment of a human chromosome via mouse male meiosis Christina Ernst1, Jeremy Pike1, Sarah J Aitken1,2, Hannah K Long3,4,5, Nils Eling1, Lovorka Stojic1, Michelle C Ward1, Frances Connor1, Timothy F Rayner1, Margus Lukk1, Robert J Klose3, Claudia Kutter6, Duncan T Odom1* 1Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; 2Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; 3Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; 4Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United states; 5Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States; 6Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract Most human aneuploidies originate maternally, due in part to the presence of highly stringent checkpoints during male meiosis. Indeed, male sterility is common among aneuploid mice used to study chromosomal abnormalities, and male germline transmission of exogenous DNA has been rarely reported. Here we show that, despite aberrant testis architecture, males of the aneuploid Tc1 mouse strain produce viable sperm and transmit human chromosome 21 to create aneuploid offspring. In these offspring, we mapped transcription, transcriptional initiation, enhancer activity, non-methylated DNA, and transcription factor -
Ribosomes Slide on Lysine-Encoding Homopolymeric a Stretches
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Crossref RESEARCH ARTICLE elifesciences.org Ribosomes slide on lysine-encoding homopolymeric A stretches Kristin S Koutmou1, Anthony P Schuller1, Julie L Brunelle1,2, Aditya Radhakrishnan1, Sergej Djuranovic3, Rachel Green1,2* 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; 2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; 3Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States Abstract Protein output from synonymous codons is thought to be equivalent if appropriate tRNAs are sufficiently abundant. Here we show that mRNAs encoding iterated lysine codons, AAA or AAG, differentially impact protein synthesis: insertion of iterated AAA codons into an ORF diminishes protein expression more than insertion of synonymous AAG codons. Kinetic studies in E. coli reveal that differential protein production results from pausing on consecutive AAA-lysines followed by ribosome sliding on homopolymeric A sequence. Translation in a cell-free expression system demonstrates that diminished output from AAA-codon-containing reporters results from premature translation termination on out of frame stop codons following ribosome sliding. In eukaryotes, these premature termination events target the mRNAs for Nonsense-Mediated-Decay (NMD). The finding that ribosomes slide on homopolymeric A sequences explains bioinformatic analyses indicating that consecutive AAA codons are under-represented in gene-coding sequences. Ribosome ‘sliding’ represents an unexpected type of ribosome movement possible during translation. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.05534.001 *For correspondence: ragreen@ Introduction jhmi.edu Messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts can contain errors that result in the production of incorrect protein products. -
• La Gestion Efficace De L’Énergie • Le Réseautage Planétaire • Les Processus Géophysiques • L’Économie Globale, La Sécurité Et La Stabilité
SupérieureS atiqueS athéM e M inaire D SéM The planet on which we live and the challenges that we face on this planet become increasingly complex as ecological, economic and social systems are large intertwined networks governed by dynamic processes and feedback loops. Mathematical models are indispensable in understanding and managing such systems since they provide insight into governing processes; they help predict future behavior; and they allow for risk-free evaluation of possible interventions. The goal of this thematic program is to tackle pressing and emerging challenges in population and ecosystem health, including understanding and controlling major transmissible diseases, optimizing and monitoring vaccination, predicting the impacts of climate change on invasive species, protecting biodiversity and managing ecosystems sustainably. This pan-Canadian program will bring together the international community of researchers who work on these topics in a series of workshops to foster exchange and stimulate cross-disciplinary research between all scientific areas involved, to discuss perspectives and directions for future advances in the field, including new models and methods and to foster tighter links between the research community, government agencies and policy makers. Three summer schools will introduce graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to the art of modeling living systems and to the latest tools and techniques to analyze these models. SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Jacques Bélair Mark Lewis (Montréal) Models and Methods in Ecology (Alberta) Frithjof Lutscher and Epidemiology Mathematical Modeling James Watmough (Ottawa) February 6-8, 2013 (UNB) of Indigenous Population Jianhong Wu CRM, Montréal (York) Organizers: Jacques Bélair (Montréal), Health Jianhong Wu (York) September 28-29, 2013 AISENSTADT CHAIRS BIRS Bryan Grenfell (Princeton), May 2013 Graphic Design: www.neograf.ca Simon A. -
Gurdon Institute 20122011 PROSPECTUS / ANNUAL REPORT 20112010
The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute 20122011 PROSPECTUS / ANNUAL REPORT 20112010 Gurdon I N S T I T U T E PROSPECTUS 2012 ANNUAL REPORT 2011 http://www.gurdon.cam.ac.uk CONTENTS THE INSTITUTE IN 2011 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND..........................................................................................................4 CENTRAL SUPPORT SERVICES....................................................................................................5 FUNDING.........................................................................................................................................................5 RETREAT............................................................................................................................................................5 RESEARCH GROUPS.........................................................................................................6 MEMBERS OF THE INSTITUTE................................................................................44 CATEGORIES OF APPOINTMENT..............................................................................44 POSTGRADUATE OPPORTUNITIES..........................................................................44 SENIOR GROUP LEADERS.............................................................................................44 GROUP LEADERS.......................................................................................................................48 -
Transcriptomic Description of an Endogenous Female State in C
bioRxiv preprint first posted online Oct. 27, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/083113. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Transcriptomic Description of an Endogenous Female State in C. elegans David Angeles-Albores1,y Daniel H.W. Leighton2,y Tiffany Tsou1 Tiffany H. Khaw1 Igor Antoshechkin3 Paul W. Sternberg1,* October 29, 2016 y These authors contributed equally to this work 1 Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA 2 Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Insti- tute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 3 Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA * Corresponding author. Contact:[email protected] Abstract Understanding genome and gene function in a whole organism requires us to fully compre- hend the life cycle and the physiology of the organism in question. Although C. elegans is traditionally though of as a hermaphrodite, XX animals exhaust their sperm and become (en- dogenous) females after 3 days of egg-laying. The molecular physiology of this state has not been studied as intensely as other parts of the life cycle, in spite of documented changes in behavior and metabolism that occur at this stage. To study the female state of C. elegans, we designed an experiment to measure the transcriptomes of 1st day adult females; endoge- nous, 6th day adult females; and at the same time points, mutant feminized worms. -
COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Liver Disease
COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Liver Disease Moderated By: Kyong-Mi Chang, MD, FAASLD & Gregory A. Poland, MD © 2020 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES WWW.AASLD.ORG Webinar Moderator Kyong-Mi Chang, MD, FAASLD • Professor of Medicine (GI) – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine • Associate Chief of Staff and Associate Dean for Research at the affiliated Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center in Philadelphia © 2020 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES WWW.AASLD.ORG 2 Webinar Moderator Gregory A. Poland, MD • Mary Lowell Leary Professor of Medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota • Director of the Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group © 2020 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES WWW.AASLD.ORG 3 Webinar Agenda Talks Speakers Webinar and Presenter Introductions Dr. Chang & Poland "Safety and efficacy of conventional vaccination in patients with liver Dr. Hugo Rosen disease” “Safety of vaccines with adenoviral vectors in liver disease patients” Prof. Eleanor Barnes “Safety of RNA vaccines in liver disease patients” - Moderna Dr. Drew Weissman “Safety of RNA vaccines in liver disease patients” - Pfizer Dr. Onyema Ogbuagu Panel Discussion / Q&A All © 2020 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES WWW.AASLD.ORG 4 Webinar Q&A • Submit your questions anytime during the webinar in the Q&A box at the top or bottom of your screen. • Questions will be answered at the end of the presentations. © 2020 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES WWW.AASLD.ORG 5 Webinar Presenter Hugo R. Rosen, MD, FAASLD • Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine • Kenneth T. -
What If We Could Make RNA Accessible to Everyone?
What if we could make RNA accessible to everyone? Investor Presentation | © 2021 GreenLight Biosciences. All rights reserved. GreenLight confidential. 1 Disclaimer Caution Regarding Forward Looking Statements Certain statements included in this Investor Presentation (“Presentation”) that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements for purposes of US law. Forward-looking statements generally are accompanied by words such as “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “should,” “would,” “plan,” “pipeline”, “predict,” “project,” “forecast,” “potential,” “seem,” “seek,” “strategy,” “future,” “outlook,” “opportunity,” “should,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result” and similar expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends or that are not statements of historical matters. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding operating results, product field tests, clinical trials, future liquidity, the proposed transaction between Environmental Impact Acquisition Corporation ("ENVI") and GreenLight, including statements as to the expected timing, funding, completion and effects of the Proposed Business Combination or other steps or transactions associated with it and financial estimates, forecasts, and performance metrics and projections of market opportunity. These statements are based on various assumptions, whether or not identified in this Presentation, and on the current expectations of the respective management of GreenLight and Environmental Impact Acquisition Corporation ("ENVI") and are not predictions of actual performance. These forward-looking statements are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to serve as, and must not be relied on by an investor as, a guarantee, an assurance, a prediction, or a definitive statement of fact or probability. Actual events and circumstances are difficult or impossible to predict and will differ from assumptions.