DOCSLIB.ORG

©Copyright 2012 John Charles Griswold

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
©Copyright 2012 John Charles Griswold Copyright 2012 John Charles Griswold i Providing for the Common Defense: Strategic Agency Adaptation and the Politics of the National Guard John Charles Griswold A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2012 Reading Committee: Peter J. May, Chair Mark A. Smith Naomi Murakawa Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Political Science University of Washington Abstract Providing for the Common Defense: Strategic Agency Adaptation and the Politics of the National Guard John Charles Griswold Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Peter J. May Department of Political Science This research examines how government agencies adapt to new or qualitatively different demands from policymakers. I argue when faced with these demands, an agency’s leaders bargain at arms length with their overseers for resources and institutional changes that enable appropriate adaptation of agency roles. The degree of adaptation is mediated by the agency’s political environment. Prior institutional arrangements and fit with leaders' images of the agency also influence agency adaptation. In negotiating this terrain, agency leaders have three overriding goals: to retain or improve bureaucratic autonomy; to maintain or enhance organizational reputation; and to reinforce the prospects for the agency survival. The degree of adaptation is reflected by changes to statute and policy that reshape the institutions and other governing arrangements for the agency. I consider the responses of different sets of leaders of the United States’ National Guard to demands imposed on the Guard as a result of civil disturbances in the 1960s and 1970s, the War th on Drugs, the September 11 2001 terrorist attacks, and Hurricane Katrina. Each of these cases represents different sets of qualitatively different expectations than the past that required strategic adaptation on the part of the Guard’s leadership. I trace the responses in each case, showing how some were more successful in the degree of adaptation than others. There are notable differences in bureaucratic outcomes in terms of enhancing autonomy, reputation, and agency survival. The federalist structure and the historical precedents associated with the domestic use of the armed forces serve as overriding considerations in influencing the degree of adaptation and bureaucratic success. This research spans the fields of American politics, civil-military relations, and public policy in addressing an important yet understudied question in political science – how do government agencies adapt to new missions? The main scholarly contribution is to the literature on bureaucratic politics and American political development in examining a fascinating case of agency adaptation to notable and varied demands. The focus on these aspects of the National Guard and the military more generally are particularly unique given the larger focus of research on military strategy for wars and the international dimensions of defense policy. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………………...iv List of Tables …………………………………………………………………………………….v Acronyms ………………………………………………………………………………………..vi Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 A seat at the table.................................................................................................................................... 1 Putting the seat on the Joint Chiefs of Staff in perspective .................................................................. 4 What this is About: Explaining Agency Adaptation to New Demands ............................................. 7 Rethinking Agency Adaptation ............................................................................................................ 9 Strategic Agency Adaptation and the Politics of the National Guard ............................................. 11 Studying Strategic Adaptation ........................................................................................................... 13 What Follows ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 2 Unnatural Selection: The dynamics of strategic adaptation ................................................... 20 Considering Adaptation ....................................................................................................................... 22 Organizational Adaptation ................................................................................................................. 27 Strategic Adaptation – A Conceptual Framework ............................................................................ 31 Why Adapt Strategically? Autonomy, Reputation, and Survival as Desired Outcomes .................... 35 Facilitators of Strategic Adaptation .................................................................................................... 40 The role of organizational learning and culture in adaptation ............................................................ 45 Case Selection and Research Methodology ........................................................................................ 47 Strategic Adaptation: Motivating Research Questions ..................................................................... 49 Question #1: To what extent was bureaucratic autonomy enhanced? ................................................ 50 Question #2: To what extent did organizational reputation improve? ............................................... 51 Question #3: To what extent was agency survivability increased? .................................................... 52 Chapter 3 Antecedents of Adaptation: The Historical Roots of the National Guard ............................. 54 The Military, the Militia, and the National Guard’s Constitutional Roots ..................................... 56 From Institutionalization to Implementation: The Militia Act of 1792 ............................................. 60 Patchwork Politics and Military Reform: The National Guard in the Progressive Era ................ 63 From Reconstruction to the Progressive Era ...................................................................................... 63 War and the Bargain for Professionalism: The National Guard in the Progressive Era..................... 68 From World War to Cold War: The National Guard, World War II, and Beyond ...................... 74 Challenges to Survival: The Gray Board and Military Reorganization for the Cold War ................. 76 The Contemporary National Guard: A Brief Orientation ................................................................ 77 Putting the National Guard into Historical Context, 1607-1964 ...................................................... 80 Chapter 4 Change Under Fire? The National Guard and Campus Unrest............................................. 85 The National Guard Before Kent State .............................................................................................. 87 Watts and Detroit: A Prelude to Kent State ....................................................................................... 88 The Limits of Learning and Change................................................................................................... 93 The National Guard at Kent State and After ..................................................................................... 96 Thirteen Seconds at Kent State .......................................................................................................... 97 i The Aftermath .................................................................................................................................... 98 The President’s Commission on Campus Unrest ............................................................................. 100 Adaptation from without: The All-Volunteer Force, the Vietnam Drawdown and the Total Force 105 Assessing the National Guard Amidst Civil Unrest ......................................................................... 107 The National Guard and Bureaucratic Autonomy ............................................................................ 108 Reputation and Strategic Adaptation ................................................................................................ 109 Strategic Adaptation and Survival .................................................................................................... 110 Chapter 5 Crossing an American Rubicon: The National Guard and the War on Drugs ................... 111 The National Guard Before the War on Drugs ................................................................................ 114 The Military after Vietnam: Revitalizing the Reserve Component .................................................. 114 The National Guard in the War on Drugs ........................................................................................ 116 Law, Precedent, and the Military in the Counterdrug Fight ............................................................. 116 Macropolitics, Bureaucratic Politics, and the War on Drugs ........................................................... 117 Presenting a Plan - The National Guard and the Counterdrug Mission ........................................... 121 Challenges to Bureaucratic Autonomy: Perpich v. U.S. Department of Defense ...........................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Officer at Work: Leadership
    CHAPTER FIVE The Officer at Work: Leadership . before it is an honor, leadership is trust; Before it is a call to glory, Leadership is a call to service; . before all else, forever and always, leadership is a willingness to serve. —Father Edson Wood, OSA, Cadet Catholic Chaplain Invocation at Assumption of Command by BG Curtis Scaparrotti, Commandant of Cadets, U.S. Military Academy August 11, 2004 Leadership—convincing others to collaborate effectively in a common endeavor—is the primary function of all Armed Forces officers. Only a few officers are commanders at any particular moment, but every officer is a leader. Indeed the Army and Marine Corps insist that lead- ership is the common responsibility of every Soldier and Marine.1 The Air Force says “Any Airman can be a leader and can positively influ- ence those around him or her to accomplish the mission.”2 A conse- quence is that almost every officer considers himself or herself good at leadership, but perspectives on method differ depending on individual circumstances and experiences. This chapter discusses leadership from four different but overlapping viewpoints: accomplishing the mission and taking care of the troops; three concepts of leadership; Service approaches; and “tribal wisdom,” views of leadership expressed by senior professionals. 57 Accomplishing the Mission and Taking Care of the Troops Leaders are expected to guide their followers to mission success at least possible cost. Lord Moran, who served as a medical officer on the Western Front in World War I, and was Churchill’s doctor and con- fidant in World War II, defined leadership as “the capacity to frame plans which will succeed and the faculty of persuading others to carry them out in the face of death.”3 Moran was skeptical of a requirement for fine character, the honorable virtues, in a leader, but found that a reputation for achieving success was the essential middle term between the ability to formulate a course of action and persuading others to implement it.
    [Show full text]
  • Army Manpower and the War on Terror
    Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy Working Paper Series Army Manpower and the War on Terror by Kevin Ryan Shorenstein Fellow, Fall 2005 Brigadier General, United States Army (ret.) #2006-2 © 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved. Army Manpower and the War on Terror by Kevin T. Ryani Abstract ___________________________________________________________________________ Army manpower is a key factor in the military’s ability to fight the War on Terror, which includes sustaining the combat missions in Iraq and Afghanistan. Yet manpower is a subject that is often misunderstood and misreported. How does the status of Army manpower affect the nation’s War on Terror? What if the manpower demands of concurrent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have sapped the country’s ability to deploy to the next hotspot on the globe? What if recruiting shortfalls leave combat units only half filled? What if frequent deployments for long periods cause professional soldiers to leave the service? And what if the demands of mobilization on the Reserve and Guard mean that those forces are used up and unavailable for a new contingency not yet on the radar? Debating the pros and cons of intervening in Syria, Darfur, and Iran, or even a prolonged presence in Iraq is nothing more than an academic exercise if no troops are available for the operation. This paper provides background material on Army manpower that is meant to inform journalists who might cover the issue. _____________________________________________________________________________ Biographical Note: General Kevin T. Ryan has supervised U.S. government security programs with various foreign militaries and served in Germany, Russia, and Korea.
    [Show full text]
  • The Profession of Arms
    An Army White Paper THE PROFESSION OF ARMS I AM AN EXPERT AND I AM A PROFESSIONAL 9TH STANZA SOLDIER’S CREED CG TRADOC Approved 2 December 2010 Authority: This White Paper has been approved for distribution on 2 December 2010 by the Commanding General, Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), under his authority granted by the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff of the Army in the Terms of Reference dated 27 October 2010 for TRADOC to execute the ‗Review of the Army Profession in an Era of Persistent Conflict.‘ Purpose: This White Paper serves to facilitate an Army-wide dialog about our Profession of Arms. It is neither definitive nor authoritative, but a starting point with which to begin discussion. It will be refined throughout calendar year 2010 based on feedback from across our professional community. All members of the profession and those who support the profession are encouraged to engage in this dialog. Distribution: Distribution is unlimited. Yet, the material in this draft is under development. It is NOT approved for reference or citation. Feedback and Participation: Comments on this White Paper should be sent to the Center for the Army Profession and Ethic (CAPE), Combined Arms Center, TRADOC. To get engaged in this review of the Profession of Arms, visit the CAPE website at https://www.us.army.mil/suite/page/611545 and click on the Campaign link. The website will also provide links to professional forums and blogs on the Battle Command Knowledge System to partricipate in this discussion. Authorized for distribution 2 December 2010: Martin E.
    [Show full text]
  • In the News Vey, in Close Consultation with Schoomaker, Will Also Serve As the Army Lead for All Major Changes to the Program
    mond Dubois, and the Army Vice Chief of Staff, General Richard Cody, will oversee this office. Harvey and Schoomaker will conduct an in-depth review of the program a minimum of three times a year. Har- In the News vey, in close consultation with Schoomaker, will also serve as the Army lead for all major changes to the program. ARMY NEWS SERVICE (APRIL 5, 2005) As an additional oversight measure, the Army Audit ARMY ANNOUNCES BUSINESS RESTRUC- Agency, the Army Science Board, and an outside panel TURING OF THE FCS PROGRAM of advisors will conduct periodic independent cost, sched- fter two months of review, Secretary of the Army ule, and technical viability assessments. Dr. Francis J. Harvey today announced a re- Astructuring of the business aspects of the Future AMERICAN FORCES PRESS SERVICE Combat Systems program. The changes are compre- (APRIL 25, 2005) hensive and include contractual, programmatic, and ARMY GENERAL: AIR FORCE HELPED managerial improvements. LOGISTICS SUCCESS IN IRAQ Gerry J. Gilmore The improvements will formally link the FCS program ASHINGTON (AFPN)—The U.S. military’s task to the Army Modular Force Initiative through a Future to supply troops serving in Iraq during the Combat Force Strategy that establishes a framework for Wpast year “was one of the most complex and the continuous progression of the current modular force challenging missions in our history,” a senior Army gen- into the future one. The Future Combat Force Strategy eral said April 20. provides for the spiraling of FCS-based technologies into the current modular force; integration of current com- Yet logisticians “proved successful in supporting a force bat lessons in areas of doctrine, organization, equipment, of (about) 165,000 soldiers, airmen, Marines, and civil- and other key elements, and into the force; and even- ians serving in a country the size of California,” Army Lt.
    [Show full text]
  • General Thoughts: Seventy-Five Years with the Army
    General Thoughts: L:� e, ....1 \ Seventv� ears with the Armv Writings of General Frederick J. Kroes en United States Army Retired Revised edition 2007 Institute of Land Warfare ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY Arlington, VA 22201-3385 Cover Design Randy Yasenchak Ka rin Varley Technical Support Southeastern Printing and Litho Unless otherwise indicated, photographs are from the Kroesen family's private collection. Originally published as General Thoughts: Seventy Ye ars with the Army, edited by Clayton R. Newell ©2003 by The Association of the United States Army. All rights reserved. Revised Edition General Thoughts: Seventy-five Ye ars with the Army ©2007by The Association of the United States Army. All rights reserved. Institute of Land Warfare ASSOCIATIONOF THEUNITED STATES ARMY 2425 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22201-3385 www.ausa.org Contents Foreword .............................................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................. W General Thoughts-Seventy-five Ye ars with the Army .................................................................... 1 TheAnny ........................................................................................................................................... 27 Rutgers ROTC Commissioning Ceremony ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Statement by Ltg Richard A. Cody Deputy Chief of Staff, G-3 United States Army
    STATEMENT BY LTG RICHARD A. CODY DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF, G-3 UNITED STATES ARMY BEFORE THE TACTICAL AIRLAND SUBCOMMITTEE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE UNITED STATES SENATE ON UNITED STATES ARMY AVIATION SECOND SESSION, 108TH CONGRESS MARCH 30, 2004 STATEMENT BY LTG RICHARD A. CODY DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF, G-3 UNITED STATES ARMY INTRODUCTION Chairman Sessions, Senator Lieberman, distinguished members of the committee, we appreciate the opportunity to appear here today to provide an update on the state of Army Aviation and how we intend to continue meeting current operational requirements while we also prepare for the future. We are witnessing historic times in our Army and our Aviation Force. As a former Division Commander for the 101st Air Assault Division and now as Deputy Chief of Staff, G-3, I can testify that our Army in general, and our aviation leaders and Soldiers are well-trained, ready, and committed. I thank this committee for your resolute support, concern, and faith in America’s sons and daughters, who serve our Army and our nation. I believe you all would agree that while aviation hardware and other systems are vital components of our nation’s defense, our most precious and irreplaceable assets are the great Americans operating and repairing them. GEN Peter Schoomaker, Chief of Staff, Army (CSA), directed a top-to- bottom review of Army Aviation in August of last year. The Chief’s guidance was to make Army Aviation a capabilities-based maneuver arm optimized for the joint fight with a shortened logistics tail. An Aviation Task Force was formed with a select group of aviation professionals under the leadership of MG James Thurman, Aviation Task Force Director; MG Joseph Bergantz, PEO-Aviation; and 2 BG Edward J.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ARMED FORCES OFFICER by Richard M
    THE ARMED FORCES OFFICER by Richard M. Swain and Albert C. Pierce The Armed Forces Officer THE ARMED FORCES OFFICER by Richard M. Swain and Albert C. Pierce National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. 2017 Published in the United States by National Defense University Press. Portions of this book may be quoted or reprinted without permission, provided that a standard source credit line is included. NDU Press would appreciate a courtesy copy of reprints or reviews. Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record of this publication may be found at the Library of Congress. Book design by Jessica Craney, U.S. Government Printing Office, Creative Services Division Published by National Defense University Press 260 Fifth Avenue (Building 64) Suite 2500 Fort Lesley J. McNair Washington, DC 20319 U.S. GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL EDITION NOTICE Use of ISBN This is the official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to certify its authenticity. Use of 978-0-16-093758-3 is for the U.S. Government Publishing Office Edition only. The Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Publishing Office requests that any reprinted edition clearly be labeled as a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN. Contents FOREWORD by General Joseph F. Dunford, Jr., U.S. Marine Corps, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ...............................................................................ix PREFACE by Major General Frederick M.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of the Army Values (As Of: 1 Oct 18)
    A Brief History of the Army Values (as of: 1 Oct 18) [T]he most important constant of all-Army values. We must never be complacent about the role of values in our Army. That is why we have made a concerted effort to specify and define the Army values…. Army values are thoroughly consistent with the values of American society. General Dennis Reimer, 33rd Chief of Staff of the Army1 Background The US Army, as America’s land force, promotes national values while defending our national interest. Since its inception in 1775, the US Army has endeavored to instill values within the members of the Army Profession. Guidance from civil authority and military leaders, whether based upon general principle or in response to ethical failures, has attempted to influence both individual and collective values. Through the propagation of laws, codes, regulation, and doctrine they have shaped our shared identity as Army professionals. Beginning in 1981 and clarified in 2012, Army doctrine recognized that the Army Ethic is informed by law, Army Values, beliefs expressed in codes and creeds, and is embedded within our unique Army culture of trust. The moral principles of the Army Ethic and the Army Values inherent within it have always existed and been a point of discussion and honor among the members of the profession. Over the years the Army has repeatedly examined and articulated our individual and institutional values as Army professionals, and we have also continually reviewed and reconsidered our stated and operational values as a profession. This evolving effort continues today. For background on the Army’s past efforts and the evolution of values, our ethic, and character development, please see Information Paper – Analysis of Army’s Past Character Development Efforts – 17 Oct 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Diers at Walter Reed Hearing Committee On
    IS THIS ANY WAY TO TREAT OUR TROOPS? THE CARE AND CONDITIONS OF WOUNDED SOL- DIERS AT WALTER REED HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MARCH 5, 2007 Serial No. 110–40 Printed for the use of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html http://www.oversight.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 40–852 PDF WASHINGTON : 2008 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 11:03 Mar 20, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\DOCS\40852.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 COMMITTEE ON OVERSISGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM HENRY A. WAXMAN, California, Chairman TOM LANTOS, California TOM DAVIS, Virginia EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York DAN BURTON, Indiana PAUL E. KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, Connecticut CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York JOHN M. MCHUGH, New York ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland JOHN L. MICA, Florida DENNIS J. KUCINICH, Ohio MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania JOHN F. TIERNEY, Massachusetts CHRIS CANNON, Utah WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee DIANE E. WATSON, California MICHAEL R. TURNER, Ohio STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts DARRELL E. ISSA, California BRIAN HIGGINS, New York KENNY MARCHANT, Texas JOHN A.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Warfare in the Information Age
    THE LAND WARFARE PAPERS No. 47 SEPTEMBER 2004 Land Warfare in the Information Age Robert M. Toguchi and Richard J. Rinaldo A National Security Affairs Paper Published on Occasion by THE INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY Arlington, Virginia Land Warfare in the Information Age by Robert M. Toguchi and Richard J. Rinaldo The Institute of Land Warfare ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY AN AUSA INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE PAPER The purpose of the Institute of Land Warfare is to extend the educational work of AUSA by sponsoring scholarly publications, to include books, monographs and essays on key defense is- sues, as well as workshops and symposia. A work selected for publication as a Land Warfare Paper represents research by the author which, in the opinion of the editorial board, will contribute to a better understanding of a particular defense or national security issue. Publication as an Institute of Land Warfare Paper does not indicate that the Association of the United States Army agrees with everything in the paper, but does suggest that the Association believes the paper will stimulate the thinking of AUSA members and others concerned about important defense issues. LAND WARFARE PAPER NO. 47, SEPTEMBER 2004 Landpower in the Information Age by Robert M. Toguchi and Richard J. Rinaldo Colonel Robert M. Toguchi is currently serving as Director, Strategic Plans, U.S. Army Train- ing and Doctrine Command. Prior to that assignment, he served first as a Professor of Military Strategy and then as Core Course Director (Nature of War) at the National War College.
    [Show full text]
  • Duty, Honor… Party? Ideology, Institutions, and the Use of Military Force
    DUTY, HONOR… PARTY? IDEOLOGY, INSTITUTIONS, AND THE USE OF MILITARY FORCE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY James Thomas Golby June 2011 © 2011 by James Thomas Golby. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/jw856qf5672 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Kenneth Schultz, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Simon Jackman I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Scott Sagan I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Paul Sniderman Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of the United States Army's Modular Brigade Combat Teams
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2013-03 THE GENESIS OF TRANSFORMATION: THE RISE OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY'S MODULAR BRIGADE COMBAT TEAMS Pardee, Jason A. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/32880 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS THE GENESIS OF TRANSFORMATION: THE RISE OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY’S MODULAR BRIGADE COMBAT TEAMS by Jason A. Pardee March 2013 Thesis Advisor: James Russell Second Reader Daniel Moran Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED March 2013 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS THE GENESIS OF TRANSFORMATION: THE RISE OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY’S MODULAR BRIGADE COMBAT TEAMS 6.
    [Show full text]