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Special Report: the Impact of Diverse Worldviews on Military Conflict

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Special Report: the Impact of Diverse Worldviews on Military Conflict SPECIAL REPORT A SELECTION OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE 2018 FORT LEAVENWORTH ETHICS SYMPOSIUM April 30 – May 1, 2018 Lewis and Clark Center Fort Leavenworth, Kansas CGSC Foundation, inC. • arthur d. SimonS Center • u.S. army Command and General StaFF ColleGe About the Simons Center The Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation is a major program of the Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc. The Simons Center is committed to the development of military leaders with interagency operational skills and an interagency body of knowledge that facilitates broader and more effective cooperation and policy implementation. In addition to sponsoring programs at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, the Simons Center publishes the InterAgency Journal as well as special reports and publications. For more information about the Simons Center and the CGSC Foundation visit: www.TheSimonsCenter.org www.cgscfoundation.org About the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College The mission of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College is to educate and develop leaders for full-spectrum joint, interagency, and multinational Operations; act as lead agent for the Army’s leader development programs; and advance the art and science of the profession of arms in support of Army operational requirements. Since its inception in 1881 as the School of Application for Infantry and Cavalry, the Command and General Staff College has evolved to meet the educational and operational needs of the United States Army. Since World War II, it has generally been known as the school for Army majors, though the College contains other schools and it educates officers from other military services and from other countries. For more information about the College visit: http://usacac.army.mil/organizations/cace/cgsc The Impact of Diverse Worldviews on Military Conflict A Selection of Papers Presented at the 2018 Fort Leavenworth Ethics Symposium Foreword by Roderick M. Cox Program Director Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation Edited by Elizabeth Ditsch Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Special Thanks to Chaplain (Lieutenant Colonel) Jeff McKinney and the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Department of Command and Leadership for coordinating the Fort Leavenworth Ethics Symposium. Copyright 2018, CGSC Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the CGSC Foundation, Inc. The papers included in this publication represent the opinions of the author(s) and do not reflect the official views of any United States government agency, the Department of Defense, the Department of the Army, the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, the Command and General Staff College Foundation, the Simons Center, or any other non-government, private, public or international organization. Advertisements, promotions, statements, and logos are those of U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, the CGSC Foundation, Inc., or other organizations supporting this program. The United States Army neither states nor implies any endorsement, association, or recommendation with regard to the CGSC Foundation or other organizations. Publications released by the Simons Center are copyrighted. Please contact the Simons Center for use of its materials. This publication should be acknowledged whenever material is quoted from or based on its content. Questions about this publication should be directed to the Arthur D. Simons Center, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 - email: [email protected], or by phone at 913-682-7244. Fort Leavenworth Ethics Symposium The Impact of Diverse Worldviews on Military Conflict 30 April - 1 May 2018 Agenda Monday, 30 April 8:30-8:45 a.m. Introduction by Brigidier General Scott L. Efflandt 8:45-9:45 a.m. Remarks by Dr. George R. Lucas, Jr. 9:45-10:00 a.m. Break 10:00-12:00 p.m. Panel Discussions (Track 1, Staff Groups 1-10) 10:00-12:15 p.m. Breakout Sessions (Track 2, Staff Groups 11-19) 12:00-1:00 p.m. Lunch and Break (Track 1) 12:15-1:15 p.m. Lunch and Break (Track 2) 1:00-3:15 p.m. Breakout Sessions (Track 1) 1:15-3:15 p.m. Panel Discussions (Track 2) 3:15-4:30 p.m. Social Tuesday, 1 May 8:30-10:00 a.m. Closing by Dr. Shannon E. French 10:00-10:20 a.m. Recognition and Awards 10:20-10:30 a.m. Break 10:30-11:20 a.m. Wrap Around 11:20-11:30 a.m. Break 11:30-12:30 p.m. Lunch 12:30-3:00 p.m. Ethics Service School Instructor & CAPE Visit (by invitation) Panel Discussion Topics Salafi-Jihadism: A Look at the Individual and Organizational Level Ethical Framework Moderated by Chaplain (Major) Josh Gilliam, Instructor, World Religions, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Cultural Perspectives, Geopolitics and Energy Security of the Koreas Moderated by Dr. Mahir Ibrahimov, Director, U.S. Army Culture, Regional Expertise and Language Management Office Understanding the Chinese Perspective: What History Tells Us About the Future Moderated by Dr. John Modinger, Instructor, Department of Joint, Interagency, and Multinational Operations, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Contents Foreword .............................................................................9 by Roderick M. Cox Lethal Autonomous Weapons and the Professional Military Ethic. 11 by Jonathan J. Batt Finding Common Ground: The Ethics of Anthropology and Military Cooperation ...............19 by Joel Evans Understanding the Causes of War: Analysis and Recommendations on Self-Development for Military Professionals ...............................................29 by Christopher J. Heatherly and Ian Melendez First to Fight for the “Right”: The Ethical Dilemma Inherent within the Multi-Domain Battle Concept ..................................................41 by Bryan Hedrick Reciprocity and the Search for a Guiding Principle in Cross-Cultural Relations: A Philosophical Essay ...........................................49 by Prisco R. Hernandez, Ph.D. Shaping Small Unit Ethics ..............................................................55 by Richard S. Higashi Medics and Mortality: Discussing Death in Modern Military Medical Training ..................63 by Ann Jeschke, Ph.D. What Were You Thinking? Discovering your Moral Philosophy Using the Forensic Approach ............................................................75 by Richard A. McConnell, Ph.D. and Evan Westgate The Southern Caucasus: Ethical Challenges Informing the Application of American Power .......89 by Mark V. Montesclaros Contents (cont’d) Just War Theory: North Korea and Preemptive War .......................................101 by Zachary L. Morris The Ethical Body, Selecthics and the Should, Would, Could Trilemma ........................113 by Brandt A. Murphy Law of War and Ethical Considerations for Medical Units During Large Scale Combat Operations .................................................119 by Patrick Naughton Ethical Considerations of State Partnership Program and Understanding a Worldview ..........131 by Brooke M. Norton The Moral and Ethical Leadership Implications for Close Combat Soldiers in Subterranean Operations ........................................137 by Anthony Randall “Reflecting the Best in Us”: Traditional Just War Principles as a Framework for Building Character and Maintaining Trust .................................145 by Kenneth L. Sampson Fighting Bad Wars Better: Reconsidering the Human Terrain System ........................165 by Molly J. Schaefer Ethics of Fiscal Responsibility in Overseas Contingency Operations Funding: Appropriate or Mismanagement? .......................................................175 by Greg A. Suguitan and O. Shawn Cupp Transparency of Military Activities—An Aspect of Conflict in Russia and Its “Near Abroad” .....183 by Mark R. Wilcox The Need for “Objective E” ............................................................193 by Robert G. Young Foreword by Roderick M. Cox Beginning in 2009, the Command and General Staff College Foundation has partnered each year with the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College to host an annual ethics symposium at Fort Leavenworth. These annual symposia provide an opportunity for academics and practitioners to come together to discuss ethics as they relate to the profession of arms, the practice of state controlled violence, and national security. The 2018 Fort Leavenworth Ethics Symposium was conducted April 30-May 1, 2018, with the theme of “The Impact of Diverse Worldviews on Military Conflict.” The symposium included a variety of guest speakers, panel discussions, and paper presentations. Over thirty papers were accepted for presentation at the symposium. This publication is a collection of nineteen of those papers, published largely as submitted. Other papers will be published in a special edition of the Simons Center’s InterAgency Journal later this year, and are listed below. InterAgency Journal Vol. 9, Issue 3 (2018) “Hidden Changes in Organizational Culture and Their Lasting Effects” by Christopher R. Allen and Ted A. Thomas “New Generation Warfare and the Just War Tradition” by Richard E. Berkebile “Disenfranchisement Breeds Conflict” by Benjamin E. Birtles “Criminal Ethos of Russia: The Great Western Dilemma of Fighting New Generation Warfare” by Egidijus Čiūtas “Chinese Advantages in the Development and Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Warfare” by Daniel G. Cox “The Ethics of Information-Gap
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