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Application of Resistivity-Tool-Response Modeling for Formation Evaluation Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3817161/9781629810232_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 Application of Resistivity-Tool-Response Modeling for Formation Evaluation By Hezhu Yin AAPG Archie Series, No. 2 ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company Published by The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3817161/9781629810232_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 Copyright © 2011 The American Association of Petroleum Geologists All Rights Reserved ISBN13: 978-0-89181-751-2 AAPG grants permission for a single photocopy of an item from this publication for personal use. Authorization for addition- al copies of items from this publication in any form (hardcopy, digital/electronic scanning, or other digital transformation into computer-readable and/or transmittable form) for personal or corporate use is granted provided the appropriate fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923, http://www.copyright. com. For circumstances occurring outside authorization of Copyright Clearance Center contact [email protected]. AAPG Editor: Stephen E. Laubach AAPG Geoscience Director: James B. Blankenship Production: ProType Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma On the cover: A schematic of hte 6FF40 array’s g factors. See Chapter Two of this publication for more details. This and other AAPG Publications are available from: The AAPG Bookstore Geological Society Publishing House P.O. Box 979 Unit 7, Brassmill Enterprise Centre Tulsa, OK 74101-0979 Brassmill Lane, Bath BA13JN U.S.A. U.K. Telephone: 1-918-584-2555 or 1-800-364-AAPG (U.S.A. and Canada) Telephone: +44-1225-445046 Fax: 1-918-560-2652 or 1-800-898-2274 (U.S.A. and Canada) Fax: +44-1225-442836 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.aapg.org www.geolsoc.org.uk Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Affiliated East-West Press Private Ltd. 600, 640-8th Avenue S.W. G-1/16 Ansari Road, Darya Ganj Calgary, Alberta T2P 0M2 New Delhi 110 002 Canada India Telephone: 1-403-264-5610 Telephone: +91-11-23279113 Fax: 1-403-264-5898 Fax: +91-11-23260538 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.cspg.org The American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) does not endorse or recommend any products or services that may be cited, used, or discussed in AAPG publications or in presentations at events associated with the AAPG. ii Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3817161/9781629810232_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 About the Author Hezhu Yin Dr. Hezhu Yin is a Geophysical Advisor with ExxonMobil. He earned a B.S. in Geophysical Well Log Engineering from China University of Petroleum in 1982, and a Ph.D. in Geophysics from Stanford University in 1992. From 1982 to 1987, Yin taught and researched at Daqing Petroleum Institute with focus on well logging instrumentation. He designed and developed a Multi-functional Panel of Triple-combo Logging Suite for Daqing Oilfield Well Logging Company. From 1987 to 1992, Yin joined Stanford Rockphysics and Borehole Physics (SRB) Research Project with focus on experimental rockphys- ics, and contributed 17 articles to Standford Rockphysics and Borehole Physics Project Research Volumes. After a year of post-doctorate research at Stanford, Yin acted as a research associate and adjunct professor at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University from 1993 to 1995. At Lamont, he taught graduate student courses and his research focused on designing and executing the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) borehole geophysical operation, and borehole geo- physical research for ODP drilling legs. In 1995, Yin joined Exxon Production Research Company (now ExxonMobil Upstream Research The AAPG Bookstore Geological Society Publishing House Company, EMURC). His first assignment with Exxon was on Resistivity Tool Response Forward P.O. Box 979 Unit 7, Brassmill Enterprise Centre and Inverse Modeling. From 1995 to 2000, he developed numerous 1-D and 2-D forward and Tulsa, OK 74101-0979 Brassmill Lane, Bath BA13JN practical inverse modeling codes with analytical, finite element, and hybrid methods to simulate U.S.A. U.K. various laterolog, induction, and logging while drilling propagation resistivity tools to meet the Telephone: 1-918-584-2555 or 1-800-364-AAPG (U.S.A. and Canada) Telephone: +44-1225-445046 needs of formation evaluation (FE) for more accurate hydrocarbon saturation estimates. He was Fax: 1-918-560-2652 or 1-800-898-2274 (U.S.A. and Canada) Fax: +44-1225-442836 instrumental in developing EMURC’s Tool Response Modeling workshop and trained many FE E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] specialists within ExxonMobil on the applications of the tool response modeling for FE over the www.aapg.org www.geolsoc.org.uk years. He also co-developed AAPG’s workshop on Resistivity Tool Response Modeling for Forma- tion Evaluation with focus on thin-bed analysis. His research interests include electomagnetic and Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Affiliated East-West Press Private Ltd. nuclear tool response modeling in complicated borehole environments, acoustic log dispersion 600, 640-8th Avenue S.W. G-1/16 Ansari Road, Darya Ganj analysis and Stoneley permeability inversion, rock physics, and integrated petrophysics-seismic Calgary, Alberta T2P 0M2 New Delhi 110 002 joint inversion. From 2008 to 2010, he was with ExxonMobil Exploration and Development Com- Canada India panies as a Geophysical Advisor, and actively involved in ExxonMobil’s geosteering/well-placement Telephone: 1-403-264-5610 Telephone: +91-11-23279113 work in those world record breaking High Angle and Horizontal wells drilled in Sakhalin, Russia. Fax: 1-403-264-5898 Fax: +91-11-23260538 Yin is a recipient of the SPWLA2010 Technical Achievement Award. E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.cspg.org Yin is author and coauthor of 59 publications, and inventor and co-inventor of 9 US and other patents covering his 28 years of academic and industry career. Currently as a Geophysical Advisor at ExxonMobil, Yin is working on world class Extended-Reach-Drilling (ERD) and HAHZ wells’ logging operation, geosteering, and formation evaluation from the active development fields of ExxonMobil in West Africa, North Sea, Middle East, and Far East. iii Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3817161/9781629810232_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 Table of Contents About the Author . iii Table of Contents . iv Acknowledgments . v Preface . vi Chapter 1 Introduction . 1 Chapter 2 Basics of Resistivity Tools . 11 Chapter 3 Benchmark Responses . 39 Chapter 4 Resistivity Modeling as a Formation Evaluation Tool . 61 Chapter 5 Case Studies . 71 Chapter 6 Sensitivity, Limitations, and Error Inherent in Resistivity-tool-response Modeling . 87 Chapter 7 Concluding Remarks . 117 References . 123 iv Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3817161/9781629810232_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 Acknowledgments I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the management of the ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company for the vision of developing resistivity-modeling techniques as a widely used tool for formation evaluation. The encouragement and support from management has not only made this volume possible, but also, most importantly, has ensured that the techniques are directly applied in ExxonMobil’s front-line exploration and development fields. I wish to thank Quinn Passey and Ken Dahlberg for motivating and encouraging me to develop and apply resistivity-modeling techniques, and to continue working hard on this manuscript despite many distractions over the last few years. I am grateful to my coworkers at ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company. My study in resistivity-tool-response modeling and the preparation of this vol- ume have profited greatly from Bob Brackett, Angel Guzman-Garcia, Keith Sullivan, and Hui Xiao through many thoughtful discussions, support, and continuing friendship as the manuscript was first completed in Exxon Production Research Company in 1998. I wish to thank Craig Tingey for penetrating discussions on the impact of resistivity modeling in water-saturation and HPV estimations, and Dale Fitz for his insights on tool-response sensitivity in conductive and resistive beds. I wish to thank Fred Haynes, John Campbell, and many others in the ExxonMobil Formation Evaluation group for their stimulating discussion on resistivity-tool- response modeling and uncertainty in thin-bed situations. Also, thanks are due to many I have worked with to apply resistivity-tool-response modeling within ExxonMobil, particularly to David Kennedy, who was instrumental in developing and applying resistivity-tool-response modeling when he was with Mobil and ExxonMobil since the Exxon-Mobil merger. Special thanks go to Rich Wheeler. His critical technical and managerial reviews have made the documentation possible for today’s publication. Thanks also to Pingjun Guo and Xianyun Wu for their technical reviews, and to Ken Dahlberg and Dale Fitz for their intelligent comments and relentless editing efforts that made the text far more readable for this publication. Finally, special thanks to Terri Olson, AAPG Publications Committee Chair; Frances Whitehurst, AAPG Editor; and to Beverly Molyneux, AAPG Technical Publications Managing Editor, for their detailed
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