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Seismic Reflection Methods in Offshore Groundwater Research
geosciences Review Seismic Reflection Methods in Offshore Groundwater Research Claudia Bertoni 1,*, Johanna Lofi 2, Aaron Micallef 3,4 and Henning Moe 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK 2 Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; johanna.lofi@gm.univ-montp2.fr 3 Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, GEOMAR, 24148 Kiel, Germany; [email protected] 4 Marine Geology & Seafloor Surveying, Department of Geosciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta 5 CDM Smith Ireland Ltd., D02 WK10 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 April 2020; Accepted: 26 July 2020; Published: 5 August 2020 Abstract: There is growing evidence that passive margin sediments in offshore settings host large volumes of fresh and brackish water of meteoric origin in submarine sub-surface reservoirs. Marine geophysical methods, in particular seismic reflection data, can help characterize offshore hydrogeological systems and yet the existing global database of industrial basin wide surveys remains untapped in this context. In this paper we highlight the importance of these data in groundwater exploration, by reviewing existing studies that apply physical stratigraphy and morpho-structural interpretation techniques to provide important information on—reservoir (aquifer) properties and architecture, permeability barriers, paleo-continental environments, sea-level changes and shift of coastal facies through time and conduits for water flow. We then evaluate the scientific and applied relevance of such methodology within a holistic workflow for offshore groundwater research. Keywords: submarine groundwater; continental margins; offshore water resources; seismic reflection 1. -
Technical Barriers and R&D Opportunities for Offshore, Sub-Seabed Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide
Technical Barriers and R&D Opportunities for Offshore, Sub-Seabed Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide Report Prepared for the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) Technical Group By the Offshore Storage Technologies Task Force September 14, 2015 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by participants in the Offshore Storage Task Force: Mark Ackiewicz (United States, Chair); Katherine Romanak, Susan Hovorka, Ramon Trevino, Rebecca Smyth, Tip Meckel (all from the University of Texas at Austin, United States); Chris Consoli (Global CCS Institute, Australia); Di Zhou (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China); Tim Dixon, James Craig (IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme); Ryozo Tanaka, Ziqui Xue, Jun Kita (all from RITE, Japan); Henk Pagnier, Maurice Hanegraaf, Philippe Steeghs, Filip Neele, Jens Wollenweber (all from TNO, Netherlands); Philip Ringrose, Gelein Koeijer, Anne-Kari Furre, Frode Uriansrud (all from Statoil, Norway); Mona Molnvik, Sigurd Lovseth (both from SINTEF, Norway); Rolf Pedersen (University of Bergen, Norway); Pål Helge Nøkleby (Aker Solutions, Norway) Brian Allison (DECC, United Kingdom), Jonathan Pearce, Michelle, Bentham (both from the British Geological Survey, United Kingdom), Jeremy Blackford (Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom). Each individual and their respective country has provided the necessary resources to enable the development of this work. The task force members would like to thank John Huston of Leonardo Technologies, Inc. (United States), for coordinating and managing the information contained in the report. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provides an overview of the current technology status, technical barriers, and research and development (R&D) opportunities associated with offshore, sub-seabed geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). -
The Context of Public Acceptance of Hydraulic Fracturing: Is Louisiana
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2012 The context of public acceptance of hydraulic fracturing: is Louisiana unique? Crawford White Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation White, Crawford, "The onc text of public acceptance of hydraulic fracturing: is Louisiana unique?" (2012). LSU Master's Theses. 3956. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3956 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING: IS LOUISIANA UNIQUE? A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Environmental Sciences by Crawford White B.S. Georgia Southern University, 2010 August 2012 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to the memory of three of the most important people in my life, all of whom passed on during my time here. Arthur Earl White 4.05.1919 – 5.28.2011 Berniece Baker White 4.19.1920 – 4.23.2011 and Richard Edward McClary 4.29.1982 – 9.13.2010 ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my committee first of all: Dr. Margaret Reams, my advisor, for her unending and enthusiastic support for this project; Professor Mike Wascom, for his wit and legal expertise in hunting down various laws and regulations; and Maud Walsh for the perspective and clarity she brought this project. -
Technical Report 08-05 Skb-Tr-98-05
SE9900011 TECHNICAL REPORT 08-05 SKB-TR-98-05 The Very Deep Hole Concept - Geoscientific appraisal of conditions at great depth C Juhlin1, T Wallroth2, J Smellie3, T Eliasson4, C Ljunggren5, B Leijon3, J Beswick6 1 Christopher Juhlin Consulting 2 Bergab Consulting Geologists 3 ConterraAB 4 Geological Survey of Sweden 5 Vattenfall Hydropower AB 6 EDECO Petroleum Services Ltd June 1998 30- 07 SVENSK KARNBRANSLEHANTERING AB SWEDISH NUCLEAR FUEL AND WASTE MANAGEMENT CO P.O.BOX 5864 S-102 40 STOCKHOLM SWEDEN PHONE +46 8 459 84 00 FAX+46 8 661 57 19 THE VERY DEEP HOLE CONCEPT • GEOSCIENTIFIC APPRAISAL OF CONDITIONS AT GREAT DEPTH CJuhlin1, T Wai froth2, J Smeflie3, TEIiasson4, C Ljunggren5, B Leijon3, J Beswick6 1 Christopher Juhlin Consulting 2 Bergab Consulting Geologists 3 Conterra AB 4 Geological Survey of Sweden 5 Vattenfall Hydropower AB 6 EDECO Petroleum Services Ltd. June 1998 This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. Information on SKB technical reports froml 977-1978 (TR 121), 1979 (TR 79-28), 1980 (TR 80-26), 1981 (TR 81-17), 1982 (TR 82-28), 1983 (TR 83-77), 1984 (TR 85-01), 1985 (TR 85-20), 1986 (TR 86-31), 1987 (TR 87-33), 1988 (TR 88-32), 1989 (TR 89-40), 1990 (TR 90-46), 1991 (TR 91-64), 1992 (TR 92-46), 1993 (TR 93-34), 1994 (TR 94-33), 1995 (TR 95-37) and 1996 (TR 96-25) is available through SKB. -
Geo V18i2 with Covers in Place.Indd
VOL. 18, NO. 2 – 2021 GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED GEO EDUCATION Geoscientists for the Energy Transition INDUSTRY ISSUES Gas Flaring EXPLORATION Alaska Anxiously Awaits its Fate GEOPHYSICS Nimble Nodes ENERGY TRANSITION Increasing Energy While Decreasing Carbon geoexpro.com GEOExPro May 2021 1 Previous issues: www.geoexpro.com Contents Vol. 18 No. 2 This issue of GEO ExPro focuses on North GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED America; New Technologies and the Future for Geoscientists. 30 West Texas! Land of longhorn cattle, 5 Editorial mesquite, and fiercely independent ranchers. It also happens to be the 6 Regional Update: The Third Growth location of an out-of-the-way desert gem, Big Bend National Park. Gary Prost Phase of the Haynesville Play takes us on a road trip and describes the 8 Licencing Update: PETRONAS geology of this beautiful area. Launches Malaysia Bid Round, 2021 48 10 A Minute to Read The effects of contourite systems on deep water 14 Cover Story: Gas Flaring sediments can be subtle or even cryptic. However, in recent years 20 Seismic Foldout: The Greater Orphan some significant discoveries and Basin the availability of high-quality regional scale seismic data, 26 Energy Transition: Critical Minerals has drawn attention to the from Petroleum Fields frequent presence of contourite dominated bedforms. 30 GEO Tourism: Big Bend Country 34 Energy Transition Update: Increasing Energy While Decreasing Carbon 36 Hot Spot: North America 52 Seismic node systems developed in the past 38 GEO Education: Geoscientists for the decade were not sufficiently compact to efficiently Energy Transition acquire dense seismic in any environment. To answer this challenge, BP, in collaboration 42 Seismic Foldout: Ultra-Long Offsets with Rosneft and Schlumberger, developed a new nimble node system, now being developed Signal a Bright Future for OBN commercially by STRYDE. -
Advancing Understanding of Resource Recovery and Environmental Impacts Via Field Laboratories
Advancing Understanding of Resource Recovery and Environmental Impacts via Field Laboratories Jared Ciferno – Oil and Gas Technology Manager, NETL Upstream Workshop Houston, TX February 14, 2018 The National Laboratory System Idaho National Lab National Energy Technology Laboratory Pacific Northwest Ames Lab Argonne National Lab National Lab Fermilab Brookhaven National Lab Berkeley Lab Princeton Plasma Physics Lab SLAC National Accelerator Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Lawrence Livermore National Lab Oak Ridge National Lab Sandia National Lab Savannah River National Lab Office of Science National Nuclear Security Administration Environmental Management Fossil Energy Nuclear Energy National Renewable Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Los Alamos Energy Lab National Lab 2 Why Field Laboratories? • Demonstrate and test new technologies in the field in a scientifically objective manner • Gather and publish comprehensive, integrated well site data sets that can be shared by researchers across technology categories (drilling and completion, production, environmental) and stakeholder groups (producers, service companies, academia, regulators) • Catalyze industry/academic research collaboration and facilitate data sharing for mutual benefit 3 Past DOE Field Laboratories Piceance Basin • Multi-well Experiment (MWX) and M-Site project sites in the Piceance Basin where tight gas sand research was done by DOE and GRI in the 1980s • Data and analysis provided an extraordinary view of reservoir complexities and “… played a significant role -
Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4Th Conference Volume 1 Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4Th Conference
Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference Volume 1 Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference held at the Barbican Centre, London 29 March-1 April 1992 Volume 1 edited by J. R. Parker Shell UK Exploration and Production, London with I. D. Bartholomew Oryx UK Energy Company, Uxbridge W. G. Cordey Shell UK Exploration and Production, London R. E. Dunay Mobil North Sea Limited, London O. Eldholm University of Oslo A. J. Fleet BP Research, Sunbury A. J. Fraser BP Exploration, Glasgow K. W. Glennie Consultant, Ballater J. H. Martin Imperial College, London M. L. B. Miller Petroleum Science and Technology Institute, Edinburgh C. D. Oakman Reservoir Research Limited, Glasgow A. M. Spencer Statoil, Stavanger M. A. Stephenson Enterprise Oil, London B. A. Vining Esso Exploration and Production UK Limited, Leatherhead T. J. Wheatley Total Oil Marine pic, Aberdeen - 1993 Published by The Geological Society London THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY The Society was founded in 1807 as The Geological Society of London and is the oldest geological society in the world. It received its Royal Charter in 1825 for the purpose of 'investigating the mineral structure of the Earth'. The Society is Britain's national learned society for geology with a membership of 7500 (1992). It has countrywide coverage and approximately 1000 members reside overseas. The Society is responsible for all aspects of the geological sciences including professional matters. The Society has its own publishing house which produces the Society's international journals, books and maps, and which acts as the European distributor for publications of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and the Geological Society of America. -
Integration of Seismic and Petrophysics to Characterize Reservoirs in ‘‘ALA’’ Oil Field, Niger Delta
Hindawi Publishing Corporation The Scientific World Journal Volume 2013, Article ID 421720, 15 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/421720 Research Article Integration of Seismic and Petrophysics to Characterize Reservoirs in ‘‘ALA’’ Oil Field, Niger Delta P. A. Alao, S. O. Olabode, and S. A. Opeloye Department of Applied Geology, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704 Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria Correspondence should be addressed to P. A. Alao; [email protected] Received 9 April 2013; Accepted 25 June 2013 Academic Editors: M. Faure and G.-L. Yuan Copyright © 2013 P. A. Alao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In the exploration and production business, by far the largest component of geophysical spending is driven by the need to characterize (potential) reservoirs. The simple reason is that better reservoir characterization means higher success rates and fewer wells for reservoir exploitation. In this research work, seismic and well log data were integrated in characterizing the reservoirs on “ALA” field in Niger Delta. Three-dimensional seismic data was used to identify the faults and map the horizons. Petrophysical parameters and time-depth structure maps were obtained. Seismic attributes was also employed in characterizing the reservoirs. Seven hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs with thickness ranging from 9.9 to 71.6 m were delineated. Structural maps of horizons in six wells containing hydrocarbon-bearing zones with tops and bottoms at range of −2,453 to −3,950 m were generated; this portrayed the trapping mechanism to be mainly fault-assisted anticlinal closures. -
Value Creation with Multi-Criteria Decision Making in Geosteering Operations
International Journal of Petroleum Technology, 2016, 3, 15-31 15 Value Creation with Multi-Criteria Decision Making in Geosteering Operations K. Kullawan1,*, R. B. Bratvold1 and J. E. Bickel2 1University of Stavanger, Department of Petroleum Engineering, 4036 Stavanger Norway 2Graduate Program in Operations Research, 1 University Station, C2200, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712-0292, USA Abstract: Due to escalated drilling costs, the petroleum industry has been attempting to access the largest possible hydrocarbon resources with the lowest achievable costs. Multiple well objectives are set prior to the start of drilling. Then, a geosteering approach is implemented to help operators achieve these objectives. A comprehensive literature survey has been performed on geosteering case histories, including many cases with multiple objectives. We found that the listed objectives are often conflicting and expressed in different measures. Furthermore, none of the cases from the reviewed literature has discussed a systematic approach for dealing with multiple objectives in geosteering contexts. Without implementing a well-structured approach, decision makers are likely to make judgments about the relative importance of each objective based on previous experiences or on approximate methods. Research shows that such decision-making approaches are unlikely to identify optimal courses of action. In this paper, we propose a systematic method for making multi-criteria decisions in geosteering context. The method is constructed such that it is applicable for real-time operations. Results show that different decision criteria can have significant impact on well success as measured by its trajectory, future production, cost, and operational efficiency. Keywords: Geosteering, real-time well placement, geosteering decision, multi-objective decision, decision making. -
Geosteering Improves Bakken Results
JANUARY 2012 The “Better Business” Publication Serving the Exploration / Drilling / Production Industry Geosteering Improves Bakken Results By Kevin O’Connell, NPE is drilling and developing two blocks, in Divide, Williams and McKenzie coun- David Skari, aggregating approximately 50,000 net acres ties. Wells are being drilled to target zones Aaron J. Wheeler in the heart of the Bakken Shale in Divide, located between 9,000 and 11,000 feet and Allan Rennie Williams, Dunn and McKenzie counties, true vertical depth. The horizontal pro- N.D. (Figure 1). Led by a highly experienced, ducing sections of the wells average 8,000 DENVER–Developing tight oil and technologically focused management team, feet of lateral, which is cased, perforated gas-bearing formations often requires a the company prides itself on customizing its and fractured in multiple stages. The two dense pattern of wells with long lateral drilling and completion methods to the primary intervals targeted within the oil sections. To produce such fields econom- unique geological and geophysical charac- reservoir are a clean dolomite member of ically, producing sections of wells must teristics of its core project blocks. the Three Forks formation and a 15-foot be positioned accurately within the targeted zone below a tight limestone within the Drilling History intervals, while drilling costs are kept to Bakken Middle Member. a minimum. Since early in 2010, Ensign Rigs Nos. Initially, the horizontal production wells A cost-effective solution has been de- 89 and 118 have been working for NPE required drilling a vertical pilot hole that veloped that includes predrill modeling was sidetracked, deviated from vertical of logging-while-drilling measurements FIGURE 1 to build the curve, then drilled laterally along the trajectory of a planned well to North Plains Energy LLC Area of within the producing zone. -
Introduction to Petroleum Geology and Geophysics
GEO4210 Introduction to Petroleum Geology and Geophysics Geophysical Methods in Hydrocarbon Exploration About this part of the course • Purpose: to give an overview of the basic geophysical methods used in hydrocarbon exploration • Working Plan: – Lecture: Principles + Intro to Exercise – Practical: Seismic Interpretation excercise Lecture Contents • Geophysical Methods • Theory / Principles • Extensional Sedimentary Basins and its Seismic Signature • Introduction to the Exercise Geophysical methods • Passive: Method using the natural fields of the Earth, e.g. gravity and magnetic • Active: Method that requires the input of artificially generated energy, e.g. seismic reflection • The objective of geophysics is to locate or detect the presence of subsurface structures or bodies and determine their size, shape, depth, and physical properties (density, velocity, porosity…) + fluid content Geophysical methods Method Measured parameter “Operative” physical property Gravity Spatial variations in the Density strength of the gravitational field of the Earth Magnetic Spatial variations in the Magnetic susceptibility strength of the and remanence geomagnetic field Electromagnetic Response to Electric (SeaBed electromagnetic radiation conductivity/resistivity Logging) and inductance Seismic Travel times of Seismic velocity (and reflected/refracted density) seismic waves Further reading • Keary, P. & Brooks, M. (1991) An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration. Blackwell Scientific Publications. • Mussett, A.E. & Khan, M. (2000) Looking into the -
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WWW.PROGEOCONSULTANTS.COM WE VALUE COLLABORATION BECAUSE WE BELIEVE THAT INFORMATION SHARED MAKES US MORE INFORMED AND BETTER ABLE TO CARRY OUT OUR CLIENTS’ VISION. WE ARE STRONG ADVOCATES FOR SCIENCE, AND WORK DILIGENTLY TO ENSURE THAT WE CONTINUOUSLY PROVIDE THE NECESSARY TOOLS FOR SUCCESS. WE DON'T BELIEVE THERE'S ANYTHING EASY ABOUT UNDERSTANDING GEOLOGY AND THE DIFFICULTIES EXPLORING FOR OIL & GAS. THAT’S WHY WE HAND PICK OUR EXCEPTIONALLY TALENTED GEOLOGISTS AND GEO-SCIENTISTS TO OUTPERFORM AND GIVE YOU THE INFORMATION YOU NEED. WE BELIEVE IN DOING EXCEPTIONAL WORK. IT’S WHO WE ARE AND WHO WE’VE BEEN SINCE 1978 WHEN WE STARTED OUT AS A SMALL, CALGARY BASED GEOLOGICAL WELLSITE COMPANY. SINCE THEN, WE’VE TAKEN OUR EXPERTISE ALL OVER THE WORLD AND CREATED OUR OWN GEOLOGIC LAB & ANALYTICS FACILITY. WE CONTINUE TO STRIVE TO PROVIDE MORE FOR OUR CLIENTS. LET PRO GEO DO WHAT WE DO BEST. PRO GEO CONSULTANTS ABOUT US Pro Geo Consultants was founded in 1978 in Calgary, Canada and has managed over 12,000 wellsite operations in over 20 countries over the past 40 years. Pro Geo has a strong focus on quality personnel, clear communication and diversified experience in our core service business units. Geological Services Laboratory & Analytics • Geological Wellsite Supervision cuttings analysis, • Core and Sample Analysis including full mudlogging, gas chromatography, petrophysical petrography, SEM, XRD and mobile and bench XRF. log analysis and quality control, core and casing point selection, core processing, core evaluation, real • Enhanced Reservoir Studies including source rock time XRF acquisition, data acquisition compilation geochemistry, biostratigraphy and ichnological analysis.