Arvi D Ralpheckberg; INVENTOR by Ma?A/W

Nov. 14, ‘1944. v A, R, ECKBERG ' I . Q -Z,362,544 METHOD OF MAKING VESSELS Filed Dec. 12, _1941 ‘ 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Arvi d RalphEckberg; INVENTOR BY ma?a/W ATTORNEY Nov. 14, 1944. A. R. ECKBERG' 2,362,544 I METHOD OF MAKING VESSELS Filed Dec. 12, 1941 2 Sheets-‘Sheet - Nickel - 13 Flux) Fig. 5. M7 Fl' .6. Silver g 11 F'@. 9. , 10 16 10 14 '_ Fig. 10. Arvid Ralph Eckberg INVENTOR > / BY ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 14, 1944‘ 2,362,544 UNITED STATES‘ PATENT OFFlCE 2,362,544 mz'rnon or mine. vEssaLs Arvid Ralph Eckberg, Rochester, N. Y., assignor to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application December 12, 1941, Serial No. 422,689 1 Claim. - (6129-1483) , . This invention relates to material for vessels, tion wherein electrodeposition of silver is entirely and particularly kettles and like apparatus em abandoned, and a bimetallic rolled plate is ployed in the mixing and heating of gelatin-base formed to the required shape and then ?nished emulsions used as light-sensitive coatings on pho by a suitable welding technique that has been tographic goods such as film, plates and paper, developed for this speci?c purpose. By this and to the methods of fabricating such vessels in method the inherent strength and homogeneity order to obtain the desired results from the spe of a rolled sheet is fully preserved, and any ?ak cial materials which have been found most suit ing off is practically eliminated. ' ,The drawings herewith illustrate a specific ex able for such service. ' In the manufacture of photographic emulsions 10 ample of one type of emulsion vessel that may be it is vitally necessary that all vessels, piping, constructed advantageously from the materials mixing equipment and any other articles with and by the fabricating methods constituting this which the emulsions may come in contact be invention, and also details thereof at different absolutely free from any metallic compounds or stages. In these drawings: - foreign particles that might contaminate the sen 15 Fig. 1 is a top plan of a jacketed vessel con sitive materials in the mixture, and cleaning of structed in accordance with this invention; such apparatus is highly specialized work of a Fig. 2 is a vertical section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;‘ painstaking nature. _ Figs. 3 and 4 are enlarged sections of details; It has been common practice heretofore to fab Fig. 5 is a cross section of a bi-metallic billet ricate the cooking kettles, mixer blades, etc. of 20 before rolling; \ copper and then to electroplate with pure silver Fig. 6 is the same after rolling to the required all surfaces that will be touched by the emulsion. thickness; Piping and fittings are usually made of pure cast Figs. '7, 8 and 9 are fragmentary sections of the or drawn silver, as this has been found to be the bimetallic sheets during various stages in the only metal suitable for the purpose. 26 welding operation; In any plating operation, for instance on the Fig. 10 is a vertical section, diagrammatic, of inner surfaces of a vessel, the silver is plated on a forming operation; and _ in a plurality of deposits which are entirely ?oc Fig. 11 is a‘ perspective view of a formed detail. culent in structure, and having in no way any - The basic feature of the present invention, and parallel grain or ?ber-like form that would tend 30 the prime factor in the successful fabrication of to give the silver inherent strength and density. vessels which will be satisfactory for the mixing Consequently, minute particles of the silver plat and storage of photographic emulsions, is a bi ing occasionally ?ake off when the kettle is used metallic sheet, consisting of a roiled sheet of pure or is being cleaned. These particles may become silver suitably attached to a similar sheet of an-' mixed-with the emulsion, and although the latter other and preferably tougher metal; ‘so that the contains salts of silver in quantity, nevertheless two will be inseparable while undergoing any even microscopic specks of pure metallic silver reasonable forming and bending operations, and from the plating on the kettle or other parts which may be welded by suitable methods into a constitute an impurity and an imperfection that lasting and smooth surfaced structure of the is fully as objectionable as dirt or other foreign 40 requisite strength. matter in the ?nished sensitized products, espe Inasmuch as silver alone is of low tensile cially in motion-picture film. strength and easily bent, although of high due‘ It has long been the practice of builders of tility, it must be associated with a stronger mate, silver-lined vessels to attempt a more-or-less rial for the purposes above mentioned. Such a makeshift rolling of the plated-on lining, where 45 suitable metal is pure nickel, as it has the re by with the use of wood or composition rollers, quired tensile strength, is fairly ductile, is non the silver is to some extent compressed or "ironed corrosive and not easily oxidized, and when prop down" between successive platings. This does erly annealed will stand great deformation with serve to density the plated deposits, but because out fracture. , of the granular structure thereof has a tendency 50' Material for use as above set forth is preferably to make the silver very brittle, and it may shed made up in the form of thin billets as indicated rather large ?akes or even break away entirely, in Fig. 5. It has been found that sheets in which leaving the base metal exposed to contact with the silver Ill and the nickel II are each approxi the emulsion. ‘ . ' mately 1/2 inch thick may be obtained, up to an The present invention contemplates a construe. 55 area of about 5 square feet. These are heated % 2,862,544 and hydraulically pressed together with a suit hand-hammered or bent on a “bending brake." able flux l2 between, and the edges are soldered The bottom corners have been found to be most with a special solder, as indicated at l3. This readily made as follows: A sheet is of suitable composite billet is again heated to 1100°-1200° F. size is cut with rounded corners and is laid on a and passed through suitable rolling apparatus form 20, projecting beyond the sides of the form until it has been reduced to a total thickness of all around. A rectangular frame member 2| M; inch, that is, the silver and the nickel are carried by a hydraulic press is then brought down then each approximately 1*; inch thick. and draws sheet l8 to the contour of the form As the last part of the rolling is done with the 2@ as indicated in broken lines Fig. 10. It has metals practically cold, the silver is very much 10 been found that two to three anneals are re compressed and densifled so that it will not be quired between partial draws and when com- . inclined to ?ake. The resulting sheet may be pletely drawn the part resembles a dish, see Fig. slightly wavy, and if so may be again heated and 11. This piece is then sawed or torch out into ?attened in suitable rolls. There appears to be quarters 22, as indicated, and each quarter is then no tendency for the two sheets to separate dur 15 used as a bottom corner of the vessel, and is ing the rolling and pressing; in fact, this work welded to the sides and ends as indicated in ing serves to cause them to adhere more com Fig. 2. pletely, so that the whole becomes, in e?’ect, a as emulsions-mixing vessels are usually jack sheet of silver-clad nickel. The rolling has a eted, the presentembodiment is thus shown, the tendency to homogenize and work harden the sil 20 inner vessel 25 is indicated as composed of a main ver, leaving it with a tougher and more ?brous side-and-bottom sheet 26, end sheets 21, all of structure than it had in the bill't. The sheet which have an outstanding ?ange 28, and the (Fig. 6) is then ready for fabricating. above-described bottom corner pieces 22, with To construct the vessel shown in Figs. 1 to 4, 'weldsat 3i! and 31. A thick ?ange reinforcement several sheets may be required, and this involves 25 32 (Fig. 3) is welded to the nickel sheet at 33, a welding technique which will be presently de while a similar part 84 is welded at 35 to the up scribed. As nickel and silver have widely dif-' per rim of the jacket 28. The jacket is prefer ferent melting points, (approximately 2640° and ably of non-corrosive material, such as stainless 1760° F. respectively), it will be apparent that steel or Monel metal. ' welding presents a number of di?iculties. Fur 30 A typical form of outlet, such as may be pro thermore, nickel being comparatively hard,‘ the vided for a thermometer, is shown in Fig. 4. A sheets must be annealed at intervals when being ferrule 40, welded to the nickel sheet at 4!, is in bent or formed. The annealing temperature ternally threaded to receive a hollow silver plug ‘ should not exceed 1300° F. 42, the composite sheet being swaged out and Tomake a weld, two of the composite sheets 35 belied at 43, so that it may be drawn liquid-tight. are laid with their edges close together, nickel A silver pipe 44 may be passed through the jacket side uppermost, and the nickel is tack-welded.

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