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1861 1941/45 1861 1941/45 1861 1917 , 1921 1941/45 Q%JR :GCV R V`I:J .1JVV VC: 1QJ 1J .V 1 Q`1H:C QJ V6 ͥɛεUͥɛεU˚IΚ˚IΚ HvɯȆźñ̨ I˚ΚɯȆΩvĤɊ : 1861 ěěěŗěŗŗŗ 1941/45 ěěě ˁω 1 +ɚ IΟˁ˚ΟΚΩvɯȆ¯ʈ>"ĵH 1861 ě˚ΟˁIΟĜƢ½ ~ÄΚΩvŗ 1941/45 źñ̨ĤɊͤƖ]¤~Ä©·VƦΚ& ÄÜˁŸɻĔÜ HřĵɄÔƉŮɻÑΩɯȆˁ˧ȁɲ̆šƉέv£ˁͣ]¤ʗƱD ŮΩ˚ΟˁIΟL̜~ÄΚΩȂÔ 1861 ěʡ 1917 ěΩ@ĊgΖΩʈÄ ,H 1921 ěέ̚ˠΩΚʡËij@Ċ1ggΖ 1941/45 ÞijΩʈÄΚĤɊΩ Ɖɲÿ͎ͅřvɻÑΩʐƌŀØɄȂΩÔ ΚɎďΚɎďv~ÄΚ~ÄˁĔÜ©ʄvΟD`ŖϞÎͿȇƐ¤N 1 4ʶ1Z̛ÚĤɊ̤ρÒĤɊǙ 31 Bʋ̩Βίăη@ÖIJɘ ȣĚηɧūChĢIJ̶τ Comparison of Asian and European Regional Integration-The Role of Taiwan ƠƠƠƠ\ε\ε ĐŘI˚ΚΩviHñÿƘij~ÄΚL+ˁʙ Ω̆șɯ ȆHĴ΄ĤƱDŮɄȂ ÿ 17 @ķI˚̜ñ&Κϥ 18 @ķ̶I˚̜ñά˱͈Κ 1. 1861 ěŗ 1917 ěȂ̜IΟˁ˚Οÿ 1861 ě 9 , 2 *űËƱbĺ ̚ˠ~ÄΚʡ 1917 ě 03 , 14 *ʈÄ 2. 1921 ěŗ 1941/1945 ěϥ 1921 ě 5 , 20 *Ωʨ ǂΚʡ 1941 ě 7 , 2 *ΩʈÄ 3. 1949 ěʡ¶+ΩɄȂϥ͗˚˚ΈǫDÝˁΟˁIΟ 1949 ě 10 , 25 *ŗ 1990 ěΩΚ - 1957 ě 9 , 27 *˚ΟVƦ͗)˙Ǚζ˱͈ʨ˫Ω I˚L̜Ω˱͈Κ BDR ˚ΈǫǼɮÝˁΟȖIΟΩ~ÄΚˠͅ 1972 ě 10 , 10 *-H ˬ)Ω˚ΟȖIʶΟÿxČΩΚ ÿĵɼDŮΩɄȂIŮ΄HíΩ̠ÔʙIĮřA˧ȁɲ̠Ʌ̎Ĵ̜ ΩΚĮ ͌ÙÒΩʍ˛&DŲ̊ËˁËȂ̠ÔɄȂñ 1861 ě ŗ 1941 /49 ØhΩvØhΩv ˚ΟˁIΟL̜Ω&ˁV˱Κÿ~ÄΚL+ÿ 17 18 @ķΩ͌ ȃǢˁvNĢą˚ΟŃÃζ/]¤ʹôZλ Johannes Schreck 2ϥ§ʜ 1576 ěŗ 1639 ěřIΟˁ̛ÚL̜Ω&ÄÜʘĮ1Ω̵ϐʱʡIΟΩ˙ ÒȇƐ*wȷřP 3ñ_ɿ&xΩ&ĤɊ̤DÒɄ̛ÚřIΟ˙ʝ ϔ͟Ω͟ĵ²ΧͅŃÃζ/ΩƜ\˚ΟˁIΟL̜Ω˱͈Κ̶ϕͅ 18 @ķ 1731 ě(˚ΟΟƁΩ APOLLON ͺ͝ƘijƨÉIΟĬΚϥ˖Ę̺ ÒƧƝȥŖ 1847 ěHʈǷ1/ÿ˖Ęñ˱͈ŎģʆɻŌɸHʘĮ©̜̄ ~ÄÒͽΚ ͘ ɷȥ˖ĘÄ͈ɄŎĮØļ͝Ƕ˱͈ĵ²Χͅ 1725 ěI Kjachta 2 Johannes Schreck ϥ§ʜ²Ƶ˃ZˁZˬñôˬ«L̆šǃĤɊɄÿ̛Ú²C /ǃĵλ .LDzķċƻǟȿɚ͘ ˚&ˁI&LɅϣ-ÜƋΩ`1Ƌȿ˃;ȿ ͼȿ ˁɌˊ̦ ˁǞ͢&LĤɊ̇Zˁ&ZL² Gallileo Galilei ŲƋ« 1564-1642 ΩƱZ«ˁ͓ŲƋ«ÿ̛ÚʱʡƀǽiƁ̓]LΩ:ɇZɅϥ§ʜ ˸ÿIΟǤX j̦ǒ³ Mikołaj Koppernigk 1473-1543 * ɅΩ@ĊĐŸϥ§ʜ˴ XΈɁῼ 1630 ěÿ_ɿĵ'Ùɍ²řŖ=ɢßͪˬDžŔÝΩʐ͘ήΆɘ Hartmut Walravens,“Das europäische Chinaverständnis im Spiegel des 16 .bis 18 . Jahrhunderts”, 16-18 @ķ°XΩ̛ÚřIΟΩ China illustrata ,1987, 23-35 .ɸήΆō Bernard H.Willeke,Terrenz, “Dictionary of Ming biography,1368-1644”, II, ed . L . Carrington Goodrich, 1976, 1282-1284 3 ñ ķ̒ĵÔɄȂͅ 1992 ěȷřP 400 ěΩέɥ˚ΟˁxČɯšķ̒̉à Q%JR :GCV R V`I:J .1JVV VC: 1QJ 1J .V 1 Q`1H:C QJ V6 ͥɛεUͥɛεU˚IΚ˚IΚ HvɯȆźñ̨ ƄĹ˱͈bĺΩΧʭŖ 1822 ě͝Ƕ̴ʯØļɼ ʄϣ I˚Ä͈ÿĵ ǟ)Ĝ ɌƋ iĹ úĴǷ1/©̄ÿ 1859 ěäX| Ʊõô ĸ̟ ʡ͗ ɽ ʙÒͽ²ȖIΟ ͕ű˱͈ʨ˫ɸȖIΟ*ˁ y͝ ɰΟ |½~ÄΚ ˚ΟÿIΟ̚ˠΩ~ÄΚ˚ΟÿIΟ̚ˠΩ~ÄΚ ˚ΟÿIΟ̚ˠΩ~ÄΚ²ˠͅ 1861 ě 9 , 10 *ΩΈθ ˁÎ ęõ í ĵ²Ƿ1/ˁIΟΩL̜Ω ͕ĺ ɯɄIΟʱʡ _ˡ ~Ωʃ Ĵ õí͕ű Ʉ ŁIΟΩ «Đê Lɾ~ Ņʱʡ̤ ćΩ 1856 ěŗ 1860 ěŞΟˁ ͼΟv ΟD`Ëij 3: gΖΩ ; _Ņ ʱʡ Ο όϘ̜ Ω_̾ Ů I˚Κ Ω̆șɯȆ ̲ ϥv ßΩIΟ~ÄΚv ʼnǻ ˁ _Ņ ΩɯȆʈĐŘ 4 ĵL+Ωvĵ uʹƊ Ω>ź IΟΩ~˱ÿ 18 @ķɄñH ĜǠ ΩΒ 1ɯȆ úñIΟ X-Ĝ ̇̎ Ω̑z ʕǾ ˁʙ LΈD Ο~̆ -ĬΚ1ą ̇HɬʈÄ͈ʍ Ɖ²ŞΟřĴ˱͈Ω ̽ȑ ΊHƋĴ~˱ γu ÿ˖ĘI ΟřĴ~˱Ω Ƌʣ ˁą ̰ĝ ˫Ʉϔ ̶΢ı ϥ Ş)Ω ə{ ʈĞĵʗ ǟƋʣŇ Ô Ŗ¯˱͈Ω NJ. 1793 ěŞΟʄŕ Lord George Macartney 5DƼ ζɘ̤ͣ Ĕvř˱͈Ω ίąΒ̊ ϣHʡ Ȥ 19 @ķ ϛHʈ ŞΟ̚ˠϥ Ş6é {DŮϥ ˧[̦ řIΟ ę3: IΟ©̄ μɡC/3: ̆-3: ˱͈ÿ ɠ ɇ̆šŎ 3:Ͷ ͌²Į ƋΩΈθ Ä͈ ˸ǹ ˧ɬŞƩûŞ ΟΩ1 ńș ɬú Ĵ1 ĝ̓ ΩϥIΟ̚ˠÜ Ş ΟĬ Şʆƀ̎ɵˢ ̶ķĬǹǥ Ωȿ͘ ˁ [Ɖɼͽ ȕΦ Ωê Ĵ~ 3:ɳˬʺ[ Ŀģb ÝͬϘ ΩΦǽ Karl Marx ͝Ƅ řĵ ǟ ΁ ǠĴñ “Ŗ¯˱͈H ĩÕ ”6ʈ IΟ©̄ Þͅÿ 1838 ěȤ˫.ʯÀν Ω#¬ ʈʣ/ Ĵɻ ÐØĔ väɞ͝ .Ț 7ñʗ˖ Ǭ. ,Hʍ Ĉ£Cʰ ͝.Ț Ëș ̂Ȳɠɇĩ 3:Έ ˁȍ; ΩˬǙʡ 1839 ěěIĺĮ 1600 ėȄ 7 D 3 +b( ˁ 70 000 3 :ϧƓȪħ Ο~V Έ̬ʒ ÄXLƪ Ω3:Đ Ĭ ͝.ȚĴC 350 ~Ο ƀʄLƪ͞X 20000 ͣ3: Lº ̜ͤΩόϘ ĵɼ 3: LHÐ˚ñ Xɯʈ óޱˡ ȪĮϣʡû˗ L ˧óȂ ąƋɽ2> Ʌ͌Ĵɻ ŞΟ˱͈ÿ˖Ęˁ Í ΩǑ. Charles Elliot 8iȪħ Ω3: ²6ͅŞΟ 4 Osterhammel, Juergen: China und die Weltgesellschaft, Muenchen 1989, pp. 139-147. 5 Lord George Macartney. 6 Marx, Karl: Die Geschichte des Opiumhandels, New-York Daily Tribune,1858. 7 ĮΚ͝.ȚΩɌϜćą ,ήΆōȑɖϑʹȚ½ ͳ,Iv͂ ·͝.Ț-FƿƥXΘί ISBN 7-80557-894-X πΟρʹ,͝.Țεō-ǝ|XΘί ISBN 7-211-00639-0 8 Charles Elliot Admiral Sir Charles Elliot I&ñÇ£ ·`Ƽ/ 1801 ě 1875 ě,ñŞΟŸˬ ˁȟþ ˬǙ 1836 ěŗ 1841 ětÒŞΟ#ʶΈͽǬǑ ú3:˱͈Β̊\ŐŞΟřv ǢigñËij3:gΖɸÛÿ 1841 ě 1 , 26 * ä Ɔ Ŷ ʆ ƙ ȥ . ή Ά http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/EE/fel9_print.html The Handbook of Texas Online ELLIOT, CHARLES 2001 ě 6 , 6 * George Beer (2005). A Biographical Sketch-book of Early Hong Kong . Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 962-209-742-1 . 33 Bʋ̩Βίăη@ÖIJɘ ȣĚηɧūChĢIJ̶τ Comparison of Asian and European Regional Integration-The Role of Taiwan >k Ĵ ό Ω3: ģñgΖΩ ˎ- ÿ 1839 ěŗ 1842 ěΩËij 3: g ΖØ ɻI ĞX IΟ ͂Õ Ωƨ DŸ̟HɡHř Iţ )̓ĜΩ¤N ͫ ˁ ̭ͭ Į ˘ΩŞΟŅ̟ IΟg ;ű½ ,4ɿbĺ -9H ŸR-ķΈ ÿ 1838 ěˁ 1873 ěL̜ ÎʡIΟ õ͛ Ω3:̇̎ ϥ 40 000 Țěʺ[ ʡ 96 000 ͣ Ĵ~IΟΩ νť 2 + 1 ŅDŰ Ωɬ] ˁƙȥŲóʗŞ ΟɄÿ 1943 ěΩ R bĺ _IΟΩ qͼ ˁɷΚ ʱʡ Ƌʣ ĵ² Ƌʣ D~Ο ÿIΟ ¥^ H ÞɠÄIΟ ͼ͓ Ŏ ̲ʔ ̤ͅ 6ΟǾΩʆɻ ˒Ɗ 10 ŞΟę3: Ò [ʩ ³ɬ 1ǽ~Ü ³ɬ 1ǽ~Ü Ƀ[ νț [ « ͬϘ ʱʡ 3: ΩÕǽ IΟΩVƦ11ʱʡ ˙l IΟΩ Ϧª ̎HąH č~Ο ÿIΟļ _Ο ΩÄ͈ą²H ɭʈñ QǬ ΩŞƦúñIΟΩ ɬ3~Ü ɬ3̇̎ ȯ ɭŞǬģɬ 3ΩƃǬƱ Hõi² ͞ɼŮH ɬ3ʈ͞Ä Ɍ ǦIʃͅɼ [͟\ ŐIΟΩVƦ ȋǦí b ĵ̌IΟ _Ņ VƦ ̠Ά Hƨ ΟL ̾ʄIΟΩΟ ͐ȋ̠ȗ 1851 ěŗ 1864 ěΩ ΟL ̾ÿIΟ ǟǟ Τ˿ Ω ΁ ª« +D IΟ Ƅ«ĿģόϘ̜ Ωʷǽ\Őϧ ȂIΟVƦΩ Φǽ «ȋɌ̠ȗ ȋɌ Hoe, Susanna; Roebuck, Derek (1999). The Taking of Hong Kong: Charles and Clara Elliot in China Waters . Curzon Press. ISBN 0-7007-1145-7 9 IΟėƀÿ 1842 ě 8 , 29 *ű½,4ɿbĺ-Rȥ˱͈ķΈ .ñ3:˱͈ÿ 1838 ěˁ 1873 ěL̜ , ÎʡIΟõ͛Ω3:̇̎ϥ 40,000 Țěʺ[ʡ 96,000 ͣ,Ĵ~IΟΩνť 2 + 1 ŅDŰΩɬ]ˁƙȥŲóʗ ŞΟɄÿ 1934 ěΩRbĺ_IΟΩqͼˁɷΚ ʱ ʡƋʣ ĵ² ƋʣD Ο~ΟÿIΟ ¥^ HÞɠÄ IΟͼ ͓Ŏ̲ʔ ̤ͅ 6ΟǾΩ ʆɻ˒Ɗ IΟg ;,ű½4ɿbĺ ,HŸR-ķΈ , ŞΟ ę 3: ,Ò [ʩ,³ɬ1 ǽ~Ü , ³ɬ1 ǽ~Ü Ƀ[νț,[« ͬϘ ʱʡ3:Ω Õǽ,IΟΩ VƦ 11ʱʡ ˙l .IΟΩ Ϧ ª̎Hą,Hč ~Ο . ÿIΟ ļ_,ΟΩ Ä͈ą² Hɭʈ ñQǬ ΩŞƦ .úñIΟΩɬ 3 ~Ü ,ɬ3̇̎ ȯ ,ɭŞǬģ ɬ3ΩƃǬ ƱHõ ,i²͞ɼŮH ɬ3ʈ͞Ä ,ɌǦ Iʃͅɼ [ ͟,\ŐIΟΩ VƦȋǦí b. ĵ̌IΟ_ ŅVƦ̠Ά , Hƨ , ΟL ̾,ʄIΟΩΟ ͐ȋ̠ȗ .1851 ěŗ 1864 ěΩ ΟL ̾ÿIΟǟǟ Τ˿ Ω ΁ª «,+DIΟ Ƅ« ĿģόϘ̜ Ωʷǽ\Ő ϧ ȂIΟ VƦ ΩΦǽ.« ȋɌ̠ȗ ,ȋɌ řǴ~ʈΩ«ŞΟ ˵IΟ_ ŅΩ̾¿ ͼΟ Ǽ )ÿ 1856 ěH̻ IΟ ɠɇ ARROW õΩŞΟΟ Ɓ, ɯͿijΩgΖ ,̆ șſ˟ IΟΩ Ƌˁ Iț 1858 ě 6 , 27 *Ω, Ýbĺ- IΟ ̓̚ʙ Ω 10 Ʊȥ-ˁ ̓̚_ Ņʍ Ɖ²ϧĺ ÜΡ3:̆-ÿIΟ õͼ,ÿÜΟ˸Ŗ ¯Ω͂:3:ˁ͂:/ÿ íƱ õí I X¤.IΟ Þ ijνť 600 Dʗ³ɬŞΟˁͼΟ H͝Ƕ ˁĽΟ$Ņ [ĵƱ õí , ɾʱƿϣƋ,ÿ_ɿ|½ ϔ#ʄŌ ¯ͅ=˞Ĕv̬ʒǽǁ ĵƱbĺŞͼ Þ ij̚g~ ΟŸ ̟Ȉƈ _ɿ VØ/Dz ˁ1Ω Φ ,ʍƉ ²Ȟj>3Ėɡ ͝Ȟ 1 Ω̺¿ . ͼΟˁŞΟŸ ̟ Żό ˁŶʆIΟΩ ƘŇ _ɿ Ŋˁͤϡ ʱʡ áƎ .Ĕv͂ ʡ_ Ņ̷ͶȀύ LΩ ǤǤȠû>ʞ ÿ_ɿ Ȗ~Ο àϞΫƊ ÿ 1860 ě 10 , 18 *Ω_ɿbĺI ,͔Ͷ Ýbĺ ,IΟ ̲ź Xȋ Ωó ș Κ ͅ , I Ş 4 ɿ ქ ♏ - 4 ɿ b ĺ _ Ȃ ή Ά : , I Ş 4 ɿ ქ ♏ - I Ş & Θ http://history.edugd.cn/showdetail.asp?id=112 ǻȋv 10 Fairbank, John K.: Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast, Cambridge, Mass. 1952 Q%JR :GCV R V`I:J .1JVV VC: 1QJ 1J .V 1 Q`1H:C QJ V6 ͥɛεUͥɛεU˚IΚ˚IΚ HvɯȆźñ̨ řǴ~ʈΩ «ŞΟ˵IΟ _Ņ Ω̾¿ͼΟǼ )ÿ 1856 ěH ̻ IΟ ɠ ɇ ARROW õΩ ŞΟΟƁ ɯͿijΩgΖ̆ș ſ˟ IΟΩ Ƌ ˁI ț 1858 ě 6 , 27 *Ω ,Ýbĺ -11 IΟ̚ ̓ʙΩ 10 Ʊȥ -ˁ̚ ̓_Ņ ʍƉ²ϧĺ ÜΡ3: ̆-ÿIΟ õͼ ÿÜΟ ˸Ŗ¯Ω ͂:3: ˁ͂:/ ÿíƱ õíI X¤IΟ Þij νť 600 Dʗ³ɬ ŞΟˁ ͼΟH͝ Ƕˁ ĽΟ$[Ņ ĵƱ õí ɾʱƿϣƋ ÿ_ɿ |½ϔ #ʄŌ¯ͅ =˞ Ĕv̬ʒǽ ǁĵƱbĺ Şͼ Þij̚g~ΟŸ ̟Ȉƈ _ɿVØ /Dz ˁ1 ΩΦ ʍ Ɖ²Ȟj >3Ė ɡ͝ Ȟ12 Ω̺ ¿ͼΟˁ ŞΟŸ ̟ŻόˁŶʆIΟΩ ƘŇ_ɿ Ŋˁͤϡ ʱʡ áƎ Ĕv͂ʡ_ Ņ̷ͶȀύ LΩǤǤȠû >ʞÿ_ ɿȖ~Ο àϞΫƊ13 ÿ 1860 ě 10 , 18 *Ω ,_ɿbĺ -14 I ͔ͶÝbĺIΟ ̲ źX ȋąΩ óș 15 1859 ěΩǷ1/¯ Grafen Friedrich zu Eulenburg żƼʆ\Ω |äϦ ʙÒͽñ ¿IΟ* y͝ ɰΟËijű½~ÄΚŮ ¿IΟ ̀)Ω õíΫƊÖʡH ƲΜ úñH+Ω˱͈ ΢ı Įʹ ο ΩΚ ͘ñʗΟ̜Ω @Ċ ˌǟο̒ HíŎ ɡɡ HIΟñI Ω@Ċ ˌǟ ²ʃ˝ ʣ{ ĵ² ¿͗ɽˁ ͗4ɽΟǾL̜Ω ʃ˝ Κ ĵȖ ţ)̓P£εʃΩD ΟǾL̜ΩΚHíHIΟñI ΩΧʭ ²Χͅ :Ǿƹ£Ω ĜQ`ͽΩ ʃ˝ˌǟ 1884 ěŗ 1885 ěIΟˁ ͼΟΩ gΖ 16 ͼΟÿ é{ %ɯΩƶŀƀ ͦ /Ŏ 1895 ěI*gΖñ ř*ÿ ɤΟʁϝ ̜©ʄĵ²HIΟñI `ͽ ǪƏ ΩĜQΚĵƱ@Ċ ßɋΩI ²HIΟ Ĕvñ 3ř ŇŴĪ ÒřͅIΟ ˄Έ ΟǾčɤ Ο̠Ĕ 4 ˳4 IΟ ĔvĮ õͼ Ω \˸Ư̑Ú ÈĨ ȂΩ͝ ͝:Ĕ΢ŷ ~ÄΚ ²ȂXʄO̵ϐ Țöƻ ěĵɼΟ ǾΩʄOh _ɿH ʮʚ )Ĝ̵̆ ʮΚɸ 11 ,Ýbĺ -]¤ ,IĽÝbĺ -,IŞÝbĺ -,IͼÝbĺ -,IÝ bĺ- 12 Ėɡ ͝Ȟ,X« 1811 ěĻ@ 1865 Ėɡ ͝ȞñģëĸǤ FĹ Fˋƿ`NǺ .1857 ěH ȝȑ 1ŕ. Ýɳ ͽLŞ /ʛ g.1859 ěË ij3:gΖȂ̜ Ǩ 1ͷ-ɷg1 ;Şͼ Ǽ Ÿɸ íȍȃʚ ͅőͶƴT 1ͷʃ þƵ È÷ x ̺¿ «.1860 ě1 ͷ-ÝŘ L ÕHȞ j̓Ɔñ D ΩŸ ̟̿ŗķ ĘɳĒ ʙŅȖ Şͼ ǼŸgͅķ ĘLɲŰ; Ȟj DǐƄ Şͼ ǼŸ¢ ɿ όͥ͌ͤ EėņƼ YÒȝȑ 1ŕ1860 ě , ˒ĩ4͊ 35 ėhͅť® ήΆ ˄ZŸ : Ėɡ ͝Ȟʙ3Ǻ X«*Ȃō_ Ȟj D1ZZ Ɯί ζĭ ZΘě ʬ(Ȃ)2008, 34(4) K828.7 13 ήΆ ªȀŹ Κ͓ͳ:vNϚĜĆ ͽˠ ,80 ʬ=˞ Ȃ,100 ʬí ·Ȃ,˙éΘ 1929-1931 14 _ɿbĺ ]¤ IŞ_ɿbĺ Iͼ_ɿbĺ I_ɿbĺ 15 Wong, J.K.: Deadly Dreams – Opium, Imperialism and the Arrow War in China, Cambridge 1998.
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