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Kona Community Development Plan Volume 2 Chapter 4

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Kona Community Development Plan Volume 2 Chapter 4 Kona Regional Profile Wilson Okamoto Corporation January 2007 KONA REGIONAL PROFILE KONA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Submitted to: County of Hawaii Department of Planning January 2007 KONA REGIONAL PROFILE Kona Community Development Plan Prepared for Planning Department County of Hawaii Prepared by Wilson Okamoto Corporation 1907 S. Beretania Street, Suite 400 Honolulu, Hawaii 96826 January 2007 Table of Contents 2 Kona Community Development Plan Environmental Setting TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 PLANNING FOR KONA ................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 1 1.2 What is the General Plan?.................................................................... 1 1.3 What is the Kona Community Development Plan?............................... 2 1.4 Previous Plans ..................................................................................... 3 1.4.1 A Plan For Kona (1960)........................................................... 3 1.4.2 Kealakehe Development Plan (1968) ...................................... 4 1.4.3 Kona Regional Plan (1982)...................................................... 4 1.4.4 Kailua Village Design Plan (1988) ........................................... 5 1.4.5 Keahole to Kailua Development Plan (1991)........................... 5 1.4.6 Master Plan for Kailua-Kona (1994) ........................................ 6 1.4.7 Keahole to Kailua Development Plan Revised Roadway Plan (1997) .............................................................. 8 1.4.8 Keahole to Kailua Roadway Master Plan (2001) ..................... 8 1.4.9 Keahole to Honaunau Regional Circulation Plan (2003) ......... 9 2 COMMUNITY PROFILE................................................................................ 11 2.1 Kona Region....................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Population.............................................................................. 15 2.1.2 Ethnicity................................................................................. 17 2.1.3 Economy................................................................................ 18 2.1.3.1 Economic History.................................................. 18 2.1.3.2 Major Industries.................................................... 21 2.1.3.2.1Visitor Industry........................................ 21 2.1.3.2.2Agriculture .............................................. 23 2.1.3.2.3Construction Industry.............................. 23 2.1.3.2.4Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority………………………………………………25 2.1.3.3 Employment ......................................................... 25 2.1.3.4 Housing ................................................................ 27 2.1.3.5 Income Distribution............................................... 29 3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ...................................................................... 31 3.1 Geology and Topography ................................................................... 31 3.2 Climate ............................................................................................... 31 3.3 Regional Soils .................................................................................... 31 3.4 Natural Resources.............................................................................. 33 3.5 Water Resources................................................................................ 35 3.6 Natural Hazards ................................................................................. 36 3.7 History ................................................................................................ 36 4 REFERENCES.............................................................................................. 43 Kona Community Development Plan i Table of Contents List of Figures Page Figure 1 Planning Area..................................................................................... 12 Figure 2 Land Cover......................................................................................... 13 Figure 3 Rainfall and Topography .................................................................... 32 Figure 4 Natural Resources.............................................................................. 34 Figure 5 Island of Hawaii Aquifer System and Sector Areas............................ 35 List of Tables Table 1 List of Previous Plans for North and South Kona Districts .................... 3 Table 2 Total Visitors ....................................................................................... 21 Table 3 2006 New Residential Permits (Up to End of November) ................... 25 Table 4 Number of Building Permits ................................................................ 24 List of Charts Chart 1 Resident Population............................................................................... 15 Chart 2 Rate of the Residential Population Growth, 1970 to 2000...................... 16 Chart 3 Population Density, 1970 to 2000 .......................................................... 16 Chart 4 Race and Ethnicity by Race alone, 2000 and 2005 ............................... 17 Chart 5 Employment by Major Economic Sector in the County of Hawaii, 1960 to 1997………………………………. ........................................................…26 Chart 6 The Percent Change of Housing Units................................................... 28 Chart 7 Number of Households .......................................................................... 29 Chart 8 Per Capita Income Rate of Change, 1990 to 2000 ................................ 29 ii Kona Community Development Plan Planning for Kona 1 PLANNING FOR KONA 1.1 Introduction Planning for Kona ranges from the comprehensive Hawaii County General Plan, which provides the planning framework for the North and South Kona districts within the context of the entire County, to urban design planning specific to Kailua-Kona. The range of plans overlap in geography and time frame, reflecting the goals, aspirations and community’s perception and understanding of issues and concerns as the Kona region has grown. 1.2 What is the General Plan? General Plan studies in the County were initiated in the late 1950’s and were limited to certain regions of the island such as Kona, Hilo, Kohala, Hamakua and Puna districts. These initial documents lacked a comprehensive, coordinated and integrated overview of the entire County. These regional plans were adopted by Ordinance 317 in July 1965, as the General Plan for the County of Hawaii. The Kau District was the only area not covered by this plan. With the adoption and ratification of the County Charter in 1968, the General Plan emerged as the main policy document. The major planning guide for the County of Hawaii, the General Plan, was adopted in 1971 as Ordinance 439. The 1971 General Plan provided a long-range comprehensive framework for the island of Hawaii and includes goals, policies and standards to guide the development of the island. The County Charter requires that a review of the General Plan be initiated every ten years. The County Council approved the most recent update of the Plan in February of 2005. The General Plan is the County’s long range planning policy document. Organized into 13 Elements, the Plan identifies broad Goals, Policies, and Standards relating to land use, conservation and protection of natural and historical resources, transportation, and public infrastructure on the Island of Hawaii. The purposes of the 2005 General Plan are to: Guide the pattern of future development in this County based on long-term goals; Identify the visions, values, and priorities important to the people of this County; Provide the framework for regulatory decisions, capital improvement priorities, acquisition strategies, and other pertinent government programs within the County organization and coordinated with State and Federal programs; Improve the physical environment of the County as a setting for human activities; to make it more functional, beautiful, healthful, interesting, and efficient. Kona Community Development Plan 1 Planning for Kona Promote and safeguard the public interest and interest of the County as a whole. Facilitate the democratic determination of community policies concerning the utilization of its natural, man-made, and human resources. Effect political and technical coordination in community improvement and development Inject long-range considerations into the determination of short-range actions and implementation. 1.3 What is the Kona Community Development Plan? In 1973, consultants began preparing the Kona Community Development Plan (CDP) to fulfill the 1971 General Plan. The CDP provided the public and private sector guidance on a 15-year strategy for improving economic, social, and environmental conditions in Kona. In 1975, a draft was submitted for review by the public, however, the draft plan was never adopted by the County. Decades later, the County of Hawaii offers a program for regional planning. The County Council approved the update of the General Plan on February 9, 2005 as Ordinance 05-025 in compliance with Hawaii County Charter. Under the General Plan, each judicial district will have a community development plan (CDP) prepared that further defines long-range goals and policies for that district. Through the creation of CDPs, communities are invited to participate
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