DOCSLIB.ORG

Epidemic November 29, 2018 Jim Hall [email protected] 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Epidemic November 29, 2018 Jim Hall Upfrontin@Aol.Com 1 Epidemic November 29, 2018 Phases of a Drug Epidemic Plateau 35 30 25 Expansion 20 15 10 Users & Problems X Users 1000 & Problems X 5 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Yr 10 Incubation Incubation Expansion & Problems # of Users Plateau Decline James N. Hall, Senior Epidemiologist Center for Applied Research on Substance Use and Health Disparities Time Nova Southeastern University Components of Substance Use Disorder Epidemiology Contributing Factors of a Drug Epidemic • Host - The User • Agent – The Substances • Environment - Social, Economic, and Geographic Conditions Contributing Factors – Supply Vectors Contributing Factors – Demand Vectors • Production •Attitudes: • Perceived Harmfulness • Patterns of Trafficking • Perceived Wrongfulness • Price • Acceptance by others • Purity • Desired Effects • Profit • Withdrawal – “Dope Sick” • Public Consensus • Availability • Cost • Poisonous Contamination • Rapid Onset of Action • Access Jim Hall [email protected] 1 Epidemic November 29, 2018 Reoccurring Patterns of Opioid Epidemics: 1880 - 2018 Opioids 1990 - 2018 Reoccurring Heroin & Fentanyls Patterns of 1955 - 1970 Rx Opioids Substance Use 1880 - 1900 Disorder Heroin Epidemics Morphine & Heroin 1880 – 2018 # # of users and level of consequences 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2018 The Morphine Molecule DEFINITION OF OPIOID • Binding to and activating “Similar to opium” the opioid μ receptors in the brain and spine Morphine and similar drugs derived from opium • Principal effect on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract All substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid • Primary actions are receptors in the brain and body analgesia and sedation. History of Opioids TYPES OF OPIOIDS • Opium the first drug from early agricultural civilizations • Illegal Heroin • Assyrians invented slicing the poppy pod • Sumerians - The “Joy Plant” • Legal Prescription Opioid Pain Relivers • Egyptians first produced opium as a drug – Thebaine • Greeks (e.g., Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Methadone, • Indian Subcontinent Morphine, Rx Fentanyl, et al) • Medieval Trade spread the drug • Illicitly manufactured Opioid Analogues • 1804 German pharmacist first isolated Morphine (e.g., Fentanyl, U-4700, et al sold as Heroin or • Named after the Greek god of sleep and dreams, Morpheus adulterants to Heroin, Cocaine or other drugs, and counterfeit prescription pills) • 19th Century 330 Wars forced production of Morphine • Heavily used in US Civil War • Leaving many addicted ??? Jim Hall [email protected] 2 Epidemic November 29, 2018 History of Opioids in the U.S. • In 1874, Heroin was created in Germany and sold in History of Opioids in the U.S. the United States as a “safe, non-addictive” substitute for morphine. • From the late 1800’s to the 1900’s, drug companies sold over-the-counter drug kits containing glass barreled hypodermic needles and vials of morphine or heroin. • Heroin, morphine and other opiates were sold legally in the U.S. until controlled by Harrison Narcotic Tax Act in 1914 and made illegal in the 1920’s •200,000 heroin addicts in the U.S. by 1925 ADDICTION RARE IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH NARCOTICS To the Editor: Recently, we examined our current files to History of Opioids in the U.S. determine the incidence of narcotic addiction in 39,946 hospitalized medical patients' who were monitored consecutively. Although there were 11,882 patients who received at least one • 1950’s – Drug Advertising and Direct Marketing to narcotic preparation, there were only four cases of reasonably Physicians – antibiotic Terramycin well documented addiction in patients who had a history of addiction. The addiction was considered major in only one • 1960’s – Valium becomes first $100 million drug instance. The drugs implicated were meperidine in two patients, • 1980’s – NEJM Porter and Jick Letter to Editor Percodan in one, and hydromorphone in one. We conclude that despite widespread use of narcotic drugs in hospitals, the Purdue Pharma releases MS Conti development of addiction is rare in medical patients with no WHO Ladder of Pain treatment history of addiction. • 1996 - Purdue Pharma releases OxyContin JANE PORTER Nation’s first Pill Mill South Shore, KY HERSHEL JICK, M.D. th Boston Collaborative Drug American Pain Society – Pain as 5 Vital Sign Surveillance Program Boston University Medical Center Waltham, MA 02154 Jim Hall [email protected] 3 Epidemic November 29, 2018 Symptoms of Opioid Withdrawal • nausea •mood swings • sweating •depression • cramps •anxiety • vomiting •muscle soreness • diarrhea •aching bones • insomnia •fever • loss of appetite •runny nose • agitation •twitching • irritability “Dope Sick” Addiction is the Affliction Total Opioid Users 11,963,000 Rx Opioids 11,077,000 Heroin 886,000 Total Opioid Initiates 2,081,000 Rx Opioids 2,000,000 Heroin 81,000 Jim Hall [email protected] 4 Epidemic November 29, 2018 Sources of Origin for Wholesale-Level Heroin Seizures In the United States: 2000 -20016 Percent of Heroin Seizures of Percent Source: DEA Jim Hall [email protected] 5 Epidemic November 29, 2018 Numbers of Drug Overdose Deaths by Drug or Drug Class and Year in the United States 1999-2017 Synthetic Opioids (includes Fentanyls) 29,406 Heroin 15,958 Other Opioids 14,958 Cocaine 14,556 Methamphetamine 10,721 Methadone 3,295 Source: National Center for Health Statistics, CDC WONDER Source: NIDA and National Vital Statistics System, Mortality File, CDC WONDER Epidemic of Opioid Addiction and Deaths The Perfect Storm Or For For Pain Tolerance Pleasure Rx Need More OUD Pill Mills “Dope Sick” Street Mexican Heroin Fentanyl Analogues el al IM Opiates Polysubstance Abuse Xanax Cocaine Counterfeit Pills Marijuana In 10-state study, almost 57% of people who died from an overdose Alcohol Abstinence which tested positive for fentanyl and/or fentanyl analogs Whatever Relapse also tested positive for cocaine, methamphetamine, or heroin. Overdose Number of Crime Lab Reports of Fentanyl Alone and Fentanyl-Contaminated Cocaine Headlines In Combination with Other Drugs in the USA: 2016 Ft. Lauderdale Fentanyl Alone 22,278 DEA warns of deadly contaminated cocaine in South Florida Fentanyl & Heroin 8,017 Philadelphia Fentanyl & Opioids 1,341 Number of USA Crime Lab Reports Fentanyl & Cocaine 496 Fenanyl & Other 577 New Jersey Substances Fentanyl & Heroin & Cocaine 492 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Source: DEA – National Forensic Laboratory Information System Data Queried August 2017 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND Jim Hall [email protected] 6 Epidemic November 29, 2018 Reoccurring Patterns of Stimulant Epidemics:1880 - 2018 Cocaine – The Origin • Since 15th Century – Andean South American native people 1975 - 2018 chewed coca leaves to relieve hunger and dispel fatigue Cocaine • 1859 – Alkaloid cocaine isolated by German pharmacist, Albert Niemann • Dr. Theodore Aschenbrandt - Bavarian Army cocaine water solution for exhausted collapsed solider who cheerfully 1880 - 1920 resumed the march • Dr. Sigmund Freud: “a magical drug” * recommended to friends and colleagues • Because of numbing effects became a standard treatment for # # of users and level of consequences eye disorders and local anesthetic for minor surgery and dentistry 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2018 • By 1863 Vin Mariani – coca leaves and Bordeaux wine The First Cocaine Epidemic 1880 -1920 Introduction Phase - the Drug Rapidly Gains Acceptance • 1884 – Purified cocaine commercially available in USA • Wholesale cost very high $5-10 per gram but fell to 25 cents a gram until WW I compared to average wage at 20 cents per hour. Retail price $2.50 per gram • Popular in the US: sold from drug and grocery stories, saloons and patent-medicine vendors “Fortifies and Refreshes Body and Brain” Old Town Saloon Restores Heath and Vitality Jim Hall [email protected] 7 Epidemic November 29, 2018 The First Cocaine Epidemic 1880 -1920 The First Cocaine Epidemic 1880-1920 Introduction Phase Middle Period - Use Spreads, Adverse Effects Revealed • Freud published 5 papers about Cocaine • 1885 – John Pemberton registers a trademark for: “French Wine • Some physicians believed cocaine Coca - Ideal Nerve and Tonic reduced cravings for opiate addicts Stimulant” and alcoholics • 1886- Renamed as “Coca-Cola” • 1887 – Noted neurologist William • Encouraged by medical authorities and entrepreneurs as an elixir for the masses Hammond’s cocaine wine 2 grams/pint instead of ½ gram in Vin Mariana • Touted as a panacea for melancholia, neuralgia, hysteria and nervous afflictions 2 grams The First Cocaine Epidemic 1880-1920 The First Cocaine Epidemic 1880-1920 Middle Period - Use Spreads, Adverse Effects Revealed The Repressive Stage 1900 -1920 • 1890s – Decade of Hedonism and Creativity Cocaine Becoming Most Feared of All Illicit Drugs • Reports of cocaine addiction becoming common in medical literature • 1903 - Commission on the Acquisition of the Drug Habit • Late 19th and early 20th Century – Era of Bacteriology declared cocaine, once favored by upper-class professionals, Allowed prescribing of specific medications for more illnesses was being used mostly by "bohemians, gamblers, prostitutes, burglars, racketeers, and pimps." Thus, fewer general elixirs with cocaine and opioids • As use of cocaine increased so did abuse. • Chronic abuse led to paranoid delusions, insomnia, malnutrition and nasal septum ulcerations. The First Cocaine Epidemic 1880-1920 The First Cocaine
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Update on Pharmacological Therapy for ADHD Derek Ott, M.D., M.S
    An Update on Pharmacological Therapy for ADHD Derek Ott, M.D., M.S. Assistant Clinical Professor UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Director, Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Clinic Epidemiology Most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood 1 in 20 children are affected worldwide Roughly 3 – 7% of school children are affected Males>Females between 2:1 up to 9:1 Girls often show less hyperactivity, fewer conduct disorder, decreased rates of externalizing behaviors; inattentive subtype may be more common Hyperactive/Impulsive subtype more commonly diagnosed in young children Worldwide Prevalence: 3% to 7% Studies of ADHD prevalence United States (Shaffer et al 1996) Tennessee (Wolraich et al 1996) Mannheim, Germany (Esser et al 1990) London, England (Esser et al 1990) Germany (Baumgaertel et al 1995) Iowa (Lindgren et al 1990) Pittsburgh, PA (Costello et al 1988) US inner city (Newcorn et al 1989) Ontario (Szatmari et al 1989) New Zealand (Anderson et al 1997) 0 5 10 15 20 Prevalence of ADHD (%) in school-age children Goldman, et al. JAMA.1998;279:1100-1107. Eology Dopamine + norepinephrine implicated historically No specific tests to determine levels Imaging studies support frontal lobe dysfunction in ADHD + (sub)cortical circuit involvement Neither of which are valid for diagnostic purposes Specific gene associations have been suggested • Thyroid receptor gene (chr #3) • DA/T1 transporter gene (chr #5) • DA/D4 receptor gene (chr #11) Eology • Neurological Factors: ? • Imaging studies
    [Show full text]
  • On Speed: the Many Lives of Amphetamine
    On Speed Nicolas Rasmussen On Speed The Many Lives of Amphetamine a New York University Press • New York and London NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS New York and London www.nyupress.org © 2008 by New York University All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rasmussen, Nicolas, 1962– On speed : the many lives of amphetamine / Nicolas Rasmussen. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8147-7601-8 (cl : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8147-7601-9 (cl : alk. paper) 1. Amphetamines—United States—History. 2. Amphetamine abuse— United States—History. I. Title. II. Title: Many lives of amphetamine. [DNLM: 1. Amphetamines—history—United States. 2. Amphetamine-Related Disorders—history—United States. 3. History, 20th Century—United States. 4. History, 21st Century—United States. QV 102 R225o 2007] RM666.A493R37 2007 362.29'90973—dc22 2007043261 New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability. Manufactured in the United States of America c10987654321 p10987654321 To my parents, Laura and Norman, for teaching me to ask questions Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 The New Sensation 6 2 Benzedrine: The Making of a Modern Medicine 25 3 Speed and Total War 53 4 Bootleggers, Beatniks, and Benzedrine Benders 87 5 A Bromide for the Atomic Age 113 6 Amphetamine and the Go-Go Years 149 7 Amphetamine’s Decline: From Mental Medicine to Social Disease 182 8 Fast Forward: Still on Speed, 1971 to Today 222 Conclusion: The Lessons of History 255 Notes 261 List of Archival Sources 347 Index 348 About the Author 352 Illustrations appear in two groups following pages 86 and 148.
    [Show full text]
  • San Juan County Adult Drug Court Participant Handbook
    Participant Manual SEVENTH DISTRICT ADULT DRUG COURT MONTICELLO, UTAH Updated January 2018 Subject to Change 1 2 Welcome to the San Juan County Adult Drug Court This Handbook is designed to introduce you to the San Juan County Drug Court program, answer your questions and provide overall information about the Drug Court Program. As a participant, you will be expected to follow the instructions given in Drug Court by the Judge and comply with the treatment plan developed for you by the treatment team. If you are reading this Handbook it means that we are confident that Drug Court will help you to learn how to make successful choices free of the influence of drugs or alcohol. 3 Table of Contents Welcome to the San Juan County Adult Drug Court ...................................................................... 3 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Drug Court Team ........................................................................................................................... 7 Judge’s Role ........................................................................................................................... 7 San Juan County Attorney’s Role (Prosecutor) ....................................................................... 8 Defense Attorney Role (Your Attorney) ................................................................................... 8 Probation Officer’s Role .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of NMR and MRI
    WELLCOME WITNESSES TO TWENTIETH CENTURY MEDICINE _____________________________________________________________________________ MAKING THE HUMAN BODY TRANSPARENT: THE IMPACT OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING _________________________________________________ RESEARCH IN GENERAL PRACTICE __________________________________ DRUGS IN PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE ______________________ THE MRC COMMON COLD UNIT ____________________________________ WITNESS SEMINAR TRANSCRIPTS EDITED BY: E M TANSEY D A CHRISTIE L A REYNOLDS Volume Two – September 1998 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 1998 First published by the Wellcome Trust, 1998 Occasional Publication no. 6, 1998 The Wellcome Trust is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 186983 539 1 All volumes are freely available online at www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/ Please cite as : Tansey E M, Christie D A, Reynolds L A. (eds) (1998) Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 2. London: Wellcome Trust. Key Front cover photographs, L to R from the top: Professor Sir Godfrey Hounsfield, speaking (NMR) Professor Robert Steiner, Professor Sir Martin Wood, Professor Sir Rex Richards (NMR) Dr Alan Broadhurst, Dr David Healy (Psy) Dr James Lovelock, Mrs Betty Porterfield (CCU) Professor Alec Jenner (Psy) Professor David Hannay (GPs) Dr Donna Chaproniere (CCU) Professor Merton Sandler (Psy) Professor George Radda (NMR) Mr Keith (Tom) Thompson (CCU) Back cover photographs, L to R, from the top: Professor Hannah Steinberg, Professor
    [Show full text]
  • Progress Towards Understanding of Mechanisms of Action of Potent
    Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2013 Progress Towards Understanding Of Mechanisms Of Action Of Potent Multifunctional Disease Modifying Therapeutics For Parkinson's Disease & Investigating The ethM amphetamine-Induced Striatal Microglia Activation. Mrudang M. Shah Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics Commons, Neurosciences Commons, and the Pharmacology Commons Recommended Citation Shah, Mrudang M., "Progress Towards Understanding Of Mechanisms Of Action Of Potent Multifunctional Disease Modifying Therapeutics For Parkinson's Disease & Investigating The eM thamphetamine-Induced Striatal Microglia Activation." (2013). Wayne State University Dissertations. Paper 916. This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. PROGRESS TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING OF MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF POTENT MULTIFUNCTIONAL DISEASE MODIFYING THERAPEUTICS FOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE & INVESTIGATING THE METHAMPHETAMINE-INDUCED STRIATAL MICROGLIA ACTIVATION by MRUDANG MANOJKUMAR SHAH DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School Of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2014 MAJOR: PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Approved by: _____________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Learning Factors in Substance Abuse
    Learning Factors in Substance Abuse U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • PublIc Health Service • Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Admimistration Learning Factors in Substance Abuse Editor: Barbara A. Ray, Ph.D. Office of Financing and Coverage Policy National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA Research Monograph 84 1988 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Drug Abuse 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 NIDA Research Monographs are prepared by the research divisions of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and published by its Office of Science. The primary objective of the series is to provide critical reviews of research problem areas and techniques, the content of state-of-the-art conferences, and integrative research reviews. Its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted dissemination to the scientific and professional community. Editorial Advisors MARTIN W. ADLER, Ph.D. MARY L. JACOBSON Temple University School of Medicine National Federation of Parents for Philadelphla, Pennsylvania Drug-Free Youth Omaha, Nebraska SYDNEY ARCHER, Ph. D Rensselaer Polytechnic lnstitute Troy, New York REESE T. JONES, M.D. Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric lnstitute RICHARD E. BELLEVILLE, Ph.D. San Francisco, California NB Associates. Health Sciences RockviIle, Maryland DENISE KANDEL, Ph.D. KARST J. BESTEMAN College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alcohol and Drug Problems Associatlon Columbia University of North America New York, New York Washington, DC GILBERT J. BOTVIN, Ph. D Cornell University Medical College HERBERT KLEBER, M.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphetamine-Related Drugs Neurotoxicity in Humans and in Experimental Animals: Main Mechanisms
    Progress in Neurobiology 155 (2017) 149–170 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Neurobiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pneurobio Review article Amphetamine-related drugs neurotoxicity in humans and in experimental animals: Main mechanisms Rosario Moratalla a[1_TD$IF],b,*, Amit Khairnar c, Nicola Simola d, Noelia Granado a,b, Jose Ruben Garcı´a-Montes a,b, Pier Francesca Porceddu d, Yousef Tizabi e, Giulia Costa d, Micaela Morelli d,f,g a Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain b CIBERNED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain c Applied Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic d Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy e Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA f Centre of Excellence for Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy g National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Amphetamine-related drugs, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and metham- Received 25 February 2015 phetamine (METH), are popular recreational psychostimulants. Several preclinical studies have Received in revised form 4 September 2015 demonstrated that, besides having the potential for abuse, amphetamine-related drugs may also elicit Accepted 15 September 2015 neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects. The neurotoxic potentials of MDMA and METH to Available online 9 October 2015 dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons have been clearly demonstrated in both rodents and non- human primates. This review summarizes the species-specific cellular and molecular mechanisms Keywords: involved in MDMA and METH-mediated neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects, along with the most Dopamine important behavioral changes elicited by these substances in experimental animals and humans.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphetamine Type Substance AKA Amphetamines
    Amphetamine Type Substance AKA Amphetamines By Gopyraj Sundararajah Examples of the Amphetamines Amphetamine (phenylisopropanlamine: alpha- methylphenlyethylamine) Methamphetamine (methlyamphetamine) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA, MDE) 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-ethyl-N- methylphenethylamine (MBDB) Ephedrine Pseudoephedrine What Do They Do? Stimulant – It stimulates the central nervous system (nerves and brain) by increasing the amount of certain chemicals in the body Appetite suppressant – This increases heart rate and blood pressure and decreases appetite, among other effects Clinical Use Treat narcolepsy Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) Other purposes? Methamphetamine Slang Speed Whiz Crystal meth Ice Shabu Pure Base Rock Crank P The nickname "P" is unique to New Zealand. How Is It Taken Snorted (especially powdered 'speed') Smoked ('P', a common variant, is often smoked through a glass pipe) Injected Eaten (in pill form) Inserted anally (shelving) Common Effects Energy and alertness Talkativeness, increased confidence, excitement Difficulty sleeping, Reduced appetite Feelings of power and invincibility Aggression, paranoia, irritability Increased heart rate, breathing and blood pressure Sweating, dry mouth, dilated pupils Increased Use Commonly Results In Compounding paranoia Psychosis Extreme mood swings http://www.hollywoodgrind.com/tag/methamphetamine/ Increased Use Commonly Results In Tweaking Violence – Serious
    [Show full text]
  • UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Consider The Pill: Pharmacentric Readings of Post-WWII American Literature Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4q62090h Author Farinholt, Rhett Publication Date 2019 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Consider The Pill: Pharmacentric Readings of Post-WWII American Literature A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Literature by Rhett William Farinholt Committee in charge: Professor Michael Davidson, Co-Chair Professor Meg Wesling, Co-Chair Professor Brian Goldfarb Professor Lisa Lampert-Weissig Professor Wm. Arctander O’Brien 2019 Copyright Rhett William Farinholt, 2019 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Rhett William Farinholt is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Co-chair _____________________________________________________________ Co-chair University of California San Diego 2019 iii DEDICATION To my parents, Neal and Melanie, without whose love and inspiration, I would not have been in a position to pursue this project. To my wife, Gina, without whose support and
    [Show full text]
  • The Analysis of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Using Microchip Capillary
    The analysis of amphetamine- type stimulants using microchip capillary electrophoresis Aimee Lloyd A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Science) University of Technology, Sydney July, 2013 Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication Leonardo da Vinci ii Certificate of authorship and originality I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of the requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged in the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help I received in my research work and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all the information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Aimee Lloyd 31st July 2013 iii Acknowledgements Many people have supported and guided me throughout this mammoth project. It has been an incredible journey and I would like to thank each and every one of you. The insightful discussions, constructive advice and feedback has greatly influenced my personal and intellectual development and opened my mind to new ideas. I am grateful for the funding sources that allowed me carry out this research and attend various meetings and conferences. To my supervisors, Claude Roux and Philip Doble, thank you for your invaluable advice, patience and support throughout my thesis. I am indebted to you both for giving me the chance to embark on such an exciting research project and for the unique opportunities along the way. Claude, my sincere appreciations go to you for your understanding and ongoing support despite your many other commitments.
    [Show full text]
  • Narcotics Dangerous Drugs
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. Ir I - This microfiche was produced from documents received for inclusion in the NCJRS data base. Since NCJRS cannot exercise control ovcr the physical condition of the documents submitted, the individual frame quality will vary. The resolution chart on this frame may be used to evaluate the document quality. 1.0 1.1 REFERENCE BOOK -- -- 111111.8 \\\\\1.25 111111.4 \\\\\1.6 NARCOTICS AND MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL" BUREAU '.F STANDARDS-\963-A DANGEROUS DRUGS Microfilming procedures used to create this fiche comply with i ! the standards set forth in 41CFR 101·11.504 " Compiled by Points of view or opinions stated in this document an I those of the 3uthorlsj and do not represent the official GLENDALE CRIME LABORATORY position or policies of the U.S. Department o,f Justice. 5909 N. Milwaukee River Parkway Glendale, Wisconsin 53209 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION" o NATIONAL CRiMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20531 ·00 Q a PRICE $'1 12/9/ 75 .,',' J INTRODUCTION This compilation has been taken from many sources primarily for '- use by participants in seminars and workshops on "Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs" conducted by the Glendale Crime Laboratory and for users of the Glendale Crime Laboratory Automated Teaching System programs on "Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs." This com­ pilation is not meant to be all inclusive. Your comments, criticisms and notation of errors would 'De ap­ preciated. Materials for inclusion in future revision would be ap­ preciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Methylamphetamine Review
    METHYLAMPHETAMINE REVIEW A REPORT BY THE ADVISORY COUNCIL ON THE MISUSE OF DRUGS 2005 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................4 Historical overview ............................................................................................................................ 4 Types of methylamphetamine........................................................................................................... 5 This report.......................................................................................................................................... 5 2. MEDICAL USE OF AMPHETAMINE...............................................................6 3. ILLICIT METHYLAMPHETAMINE................................................................7 Administration, purity, dose and price............................................................................................ 8 Patterns of methylamphetamine use................................................................................................ 9 4. METHYLAMPHETAMINE AND OTHER SUBSTANCE USE .....................9 5. AMPHETAMINE & METHYLAMPHETAMINE IN THE UK....................10 History of amphetamines in the UK............................................................................................... 10 Legal status....................................................................................................................................... 11 Seizures of amphetamines..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]