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Biography of D ©Institut für Biologie, Institutsbereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Schlechtendalia 31 (2017) Biography of D. F. L. von Schlechtendal and type material of his new taxa preserved in the herbarium of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (HAL) and other botanical collections Bettina HEUCHERT, Uwe BRAUN, Natalia TKACH, Denise MARX & Martin RÖSER Abstract: Heuchert, B., Braun, U., Tkach, N., Marx, D. & Röser, M. 2017: Biography of D. F. L. von Schlechtendal and type material of his new taxa preserved in the herbarium of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (HAL) and other botanical collections. Schlechtendalia 31: 1–143. D. F. L. von Schlechtendal (1794–1866) was professor of botany and director of the botanical garden in Halle (Saale) from 1833 to 1866. He was one of the leading and most productive German botanists of the 19th century, who, inter alia, introduced about 1,600 new taxa, most of them new species, including 78 new genera. Schlechtendal‟s private herbarium was purchased by the university after his death from his widow and represents the historical nucleus of the present-day herbarium of the Martin Luther University (HAL). Based on Schubert‟s (1964) unpublished dissertation and other sources, Schlechtendal‟s life and work is outlined. All taxa described by Schlechtendal are summarized in an annotated list, including details of type collections preserved in the herbarium of Martin Luther University Halle- Wittenberg and in other botanical collections. Previous typifications of the taxa concerned were scrutinized in the light of the rules of the Internal Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants. The following taxa are lectotypified: Acacia clavata, A. cyclophylla, Ammania catholica, Annona globiflora, Aspidium thelypteris var. squamigerum, Atragene wenderothii, Bouvardia houtteana, Brunia passerinoides, Bupleurum brevicaule, Castilleja arvensis, Cestrum oblongifolium, Chloris meccana, Condalia mexicana, Convolvulus polyanthus, C. variabilis, Cordia ambigua, Croton conspurcatus, C. draco, C. ehrenbergii, C. pseudochina, C. pseudochina var. minor, Cuphea linarioides, Desmodium affine, Diodia polymorpha, Elaphrium simplicifolium, Epilobium repens, Eryngium deppeanum, Eugenia macrocarpa, Exostema formosum, Galium cotinoides, G. obstipum f. angustifolium, Geophila reniformis var. asiatica, Grevillea behrii, Halgania strigosa, Hydrocotyle calliodus, H. mexicana, Hypericum campestre, Lisianthius saponarioides, Myrtus capuli, M. trunciflora, Niphogeton andicola, Peperomia asarifolia, Physalis nicandroides, Potentilla nivea var. camtschatica, Smilax medica, Stachys boraginoides, Tauschia nudicaulis, Trichomanes melanotrichum, Veratrum frigidum, Veronica alpina L. var. unalaschcensis, and Viola ciliata. Borreria scabiosoides is neotypified. Zusammenfassung: Heuchert, B., Braun, U., Tkach, N., Marx, D. & Röser, M. 2017: Biographie von D. F. L. von Schlechtendal und Typusmaterial seiner neuen Taxa, die im Herbarium der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle- Wittenberg (HAL) und anderen botanischen Sammlungen erhalten sind. Schlechtendalia 31: 1–143. D. F. L. von Schlechtendal (1794–1866) war von 1833 bis 1866 Professor für Botanik und Direktor des Botanischen Gartens in Halle (Saale). Er war einer der führenden und produktivsten deutschen Botaniker des 19ten Jahrhunderts, der unter anderem etwa 1600 neue Taxa eingeführt hat, die meisten davon Arten, einschließlich 78 neuer Gattungen. Schlechtendals privates Herbarium wurde nach seinem Tod durch die Universität von seiner Witwe gekauft und stellt den historischen Grundstock des heutigen Herbariums der Martin-Luther-Universität dar. Auf Grundlage der unveröffentlichten Dissertation von Schubert (1964) und anderer Quellen wird Leben und Werk von Schlechtendal dargestellt. Alle von Schlechtendal beschriebenen Taxa sind in einer annotierten Liste zusammengefasst, einschließlich detaillierter Angaben zu Typus-Kollektionen, die im Herbarium der Martin-Luther-Universität und anderen botanischen Sammlungen aufbewahrt werden. Frühere Typisierungen wurden hinterfragt und hinsichtlich er Regeln des Internationalen Codes der Nomenklatur für Algen, Pilze und Pflanzen überprüft. Folgende Taxa werden lectotypisiert: Acacia clavata, A. cyclophylla, Ammania catholica, Annona globiflora, Aspidium thelypteris var. squamigerum, Atragene wenderothii, Bouvardia houtteana, Brunia passerinoides, Bupleurum brevicaule, Castilleja arvensis, Cestrum oblongifolium, Chloris meccana, Condalia mexicana, Convolvulus polyanthus, C. variabilis, Cordia ambigua, Croton conspurcatus, C. draco, C. ehrenbergii, C. pseudochina, C. pseudochina var. minor, Cuphea linarioides, Desmodium affine, Diodia polymorpha, Elaphrium simplicifolium, Epilobium repens, Eryngium deppeanum, Eugenia macrocarpa, Exostema formosum, Galium cotinoides, G. obstipum f. angustifolium, Geophila reniformis var. asiatica, Grevillea behrii, Halgania strigosa, Hydrocotyle calliodus, H. mexicana, Hypericum campestre, Lisianthius saponarioides, Myrtus capuli, M. trunciflora, Niphogeton andicola, Peperomia asarifolia, Physalis nicandroides, Potentilla nivea var. camtschatica, Smilax medica, Stachys boraginoides, Tauschia nudicaulis, Trichomanes melanotrichum, Veratrum frigidum, Veronica alpina L. var. unalaschcensis, and Viola ciliata. Borreria scabiosoides wird neotypisiert. Key words: Schlechtendal, life and work, typification, HAL. Published online 08 Mar. 2017. 1 ©Institut für Biologie, Institutsbereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 2 2. Methods ............................................................................................................................. 3 3. Life and work of D. F. L. von Schlechtendal .................................................................. 4 3.1. Childhood in Xanten ....................................................................................................... 4 3.2. School days, youth and university education in Berlin ................................................... 5 3.3. His time as curator at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin .................................. 7 3.4. Schlechtendal as successor of Sprengel in Halle (Saale) …………………………… ... 10 3.5. Activities as director of the botanical garden in Halle (Saale) ....................................... 15 3.6. Schlechtendal‟s scientific work ...................................................................................... 17 3.7. Activities as publisher .................................................................................................... 17 3.8. Schlechtendal‟s correspondence .................................................................................... 19 3.9. Memberships of scientific societies ............................................................................... 19 4. Annotated list of type collections ................................................................................... 19 4.1. List of taxa described by D. F. L. von Schlechtendal ..................................................... 19 4.2. List of taxa erroneously ascribed to D. F. L. von Schlechtendal ................................... 130 5. Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... 141 6. Literature ....................................................................................................................... 141 1. Introduction The herbarium in Halle (Saale) evolved in parallel with the botanical garden, which was founded in 1698 as a medicinal herb garden of the university. It was the first garden of this kind in Prussia (Kümmel 1998). There was no formal foundation of the herbarium, but the beginnings of a true herbarium that deserves this name go back to the year 1819, in which the botanical collections of Christian Schkuhr (1741–1811), German botanist and university “mechanicus” (technician) at Wittenberg, were transferred from Wittenberg to Halle (Saale) after the universities of the two cities were fused in 1817. Schkuhr‟s herbarium had been purchased after his death in 1812 by the University of Wittenberg. His herbarium, comprising some garden and wild plants collected around Wittenberg and especially his famous collection of sedges, can be considered the historical beginning of the Halle university herbarium (Braun & Werner 2007). A catalogue of the herbarium compiled in 1825 listed about 4,300 species. At that time, Kurt Polykarp Joachim Sprengel (1766–1833) was director of the botanical garden in Halle. Sprengel was a highly regarded, productive botanist and taxonomist with a large valuable private herbarium including numerous type collections, but he largely neglected the university herbarium. Unfortunately, Sprengel‟s herbarium was not acquired by Halle university after his death in 1833 and is consequently not preserved at HAL. His herbarium was sold in portions and is now spread in various herbaria worldwide. In 1833, Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal (1794–1866) was appointed professor of botany and director of the botanical garden in Halle and occupied this position until his death in 1866. Schlechtendal cared for the university herbarium, increased it, and built up a large private herbarium which represents the historical nucleus of the current herbarium
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