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PRIVATIZZAZIONI E LIBERO MERCATO: risparmio reale per i consumatori? MARTEDÌ, 17 DICEMBRE 2013 Ore 14,30 – 18,30 Teatro VITTORIA Torino – Via Gramsci n. 4 Il consumo costituisce il punto di partenza delle attività economiche ed il suo ruolo è stato incrementato dallo sviluppo delle economie di scambio che, negli ultimi decenni, ne hanno accentuato i significati segnaletici e relazionali. Infatti è un’adeguata tutela dei consumatori a permettere un migliore funzionamento dei sistemi economici, emarginando le imprese scorrette, consolidando i diritti dei cittadini e promuovendo lo sviluppo economico e sociale. Origini americane del concetto di tutela dei consumatori Un prima forma di movimento in difesa dei consumatori ha origine negli Stati Uniti d’America , dove prima che in ogni altro paese al mondo, si crearono le condizioni per la nascita ed il veloce sviluppo di un capitalismo monopolistico ed oligopolistico. Un primo evento che segna l’inizio delle politiche in favore dei consumatori è la normativa Antitrust (Sherman Act) del 1890, che non era né voluta per servire a quello scopo, ma per proteggere il piccolo commercio e la produzione artigianale dallo strapotere dei monopolisti e delle grandi concentrazioni industriali. Lo Sherman Act, applicato la prima volta nel 1911 nella causa contro l’impero Rockefeller, infatti, escludeva tutte le azioni che tendevano a creare un profitto da una situazione di monopolio. Nella prima parte la legge proibiva tutte le pratiche che restringevano le chance della concorrenza, come ad esempio il controllo sui prezzi; nella seconda parte, invece, proibiva alle imprese che detenevano il monopolio su un settore di mercato di servirsene per estenderlo ad altri settori. -
Consumer-Council-Of-Fiji-2017-–-2018-Annual-Report.Pdf
Annual Report 2017-2018 Parliamentary Paper Number 97 of 2019 WHO Labasa WE ARE Lautoka Suva ABOUT THE COUNCIL Our Vision: To build a society of informed and responsible consumers in which everyone is treated fairly, obtains value for money and is able to exercise their consumer rights. Our Mission: Make consumer voice heard and make it count. The Consumer Council of Fiji (CCoF) is a statutory body established under the Consumer Council Act 1976. The Council protects the rights and interests of consumers by promoting a fair and just delivery of goods and services. First and foremost, the Council is an advocacy organisation, conducting rigorous research and policy analysis on key consumer issues. CCF’s insight into consumer needs is a powerful tool for influencing decision-makers to bring about change. The Council protects the vulnerable groups such as rural poor, physically and mentally challenged, children and women by identifying and articulating the policy issues that are of importance to the consumers. It will do more than simply draw attention to problems faced by consumers - it will champion creative solutions to improve their lives. The Council would like to see consumers placed at the heart of new policies introduced by the Government. International Affiliations The Consumer Council of Fiji is a full member of the UK-based Consumers International (CI), a federation of consumer organisations representing over 240 organisations in 120 countries. The Council was elected in 2015 to serve the CI Council. The Council is also a member of the Committee on Consumer Policy of the International Organisation (COPOLCO) for Standardisation (ISO). -
F^^R^-^-C."V.— Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 82-4 (1982) (Communications Agricultural University) Isals O Published Asa Thesi S CONTENTS
581.961:582.937(6) MEDEDELINGEN LANDBOUWHOGESCHOOL WAGENINGEN• NEDERLAN D.82-4(1982 ) A MONOGRAPH ON STROPHANTHUS DC. (APOCYNACEAE) H.J. BEENTJE Department ofPlant Taxonomy andPlant Geography, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands Received19-V-198 2 Dateo fpublicatio n 15-10-82 H. VEENMAN&ZONENB.V.-WAGENINGEN-1982 -f^^r^-^-C."V.— Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 82-4 (1982) (Communications Agricultural University) isals o published asa thesi s CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 GENERAL PART: History of the genus 3 Geographical distribution and ecology 3 Habit and growth 6 Morphology 7 Flowering and fruiting seasons 7 Pollination 8 Dispersal of seeds 9 Anatomy 10 Chemistry and pharmacology 10 Palynology 11 Chromosome numbers, by J. C. ARENDS and F. M. VAN DER LAAN . 11 Local names 12 Uses and economic importance 12 Relationships with other genera 14 Citation of specimens 15 Definitions 15 TAXONOMIC PART: Genus diagnosis 17 Sectional arrangement 20 Discussion of the relationships within the genus 21 Key for flowering specimens 24 Key for specimens with leaves and mature fruits 31 Species diagnoses 35 Intermediates (possible hybrids) 164 Doubtful species 164 Nomina nuda 164 Excluded species 165 Old commercial names 166 List of names and synonyms not cited elsewhere in this revision ... 166 Index of exsiccatae 167 REFERENCES 183 REGISTER 189 INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The present publication is a monograph on the genus Strophanthus, repre sented by 30 species in continental Africa, 1o n Madagascar, and 7 species in Asia. This monograph is based on the study of approximately 4700 herbarium specimens preserved in 54 herbaria. Living plants of 9 species were studied in the field and in cultivation. -
Our Voices Annual Report 2017
Our influential Connected voices Annual report 2017 Contents 01 From our President 04 From our Director General 07 About Consumers International 09 Achievements and performance 10 International advocacy and campaigning 11 Building a digital world consumers can trust 16 Advancing excellence in global consumer protection 21 World Consumer Rights Day 23 Member connections, communications and brand development 26 Fundraising and Partnerships 27 Consumers International’s governance 30 Financial summary 31 Trustee statement From our President, bart combÉe this year I’ve been struck by the truly GlobalNature of consumers international In particular the excellent work it does to balance global priorities that ultimately benefit all members and consumers with vital work to connect members and the project activities it undertakes for the benefit of consumers in specific countries and regions. 01 Consumers International Annual Report 2017 From our President, bart combÉe Continued A truly global organisation This year the Board has continued to support Consumers International to build its platform for ongoing success. In this respect it’s been a very rich year. With the governance changes that were implemented Our global reach included: in 2015 running effectively the Board, with advice from the Council, has focused on supporting the realignment • our Connecting Voices report explored how of Consumers International’s strategy and working consumer digital issues are presenting themselves to ensure a sustainable financial future. in selected Latin American, African and Asian countries and where the opportunities are to Following our annual Council meeting in November, focus resources to more effectively achieve the strategy development and updates that were agreed positive change. -
Making Thesale
SEPTEMBER 2013 america’s TM Published by the National Community Pharmacists Association PHARMACISTTHE VOICE OF THE COMMUNITY PHARMACIST Making theSale INTRODUCING RXWIKI • TOC OPPORTUNITIES • HIT SOLUTIONS • Find us on Facebook, Twitter, and Google+ www.americaspharmacist.net You have the power to protect your community from meth abuse. NOW YOU HAVE THE PRODUCT. NEXAFED IS A NEXT-GENERATION PSE that provides the nasal congestion relief your patients expect and the meth-deterring technology you want to help keep your community safe. Recommend Nexafed with confi dence. It’s the only meth-deterring PSE With demonstrated bioequivalence to Sudafed® immediate release PSE tablets* That meets the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) standard for dissolution1 With Impede® technology that disrupts extraction and conversion of PSE to meth JOIN THE FIGHT. NCPA Annual Convention. Join us at booth #536. STOCK AND RECOMMEND NEXAFED. VISIT E-DETAIL AT NEXAFED.COM Sudafed is a registered trademark of Johnson & Johnson *Using U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) bioequivalence criteria. 1. Data on fi le, Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palatine, IL. 13NEX024.2 13NEX024_2-Journal_Ad_AmPharm_M.indd 1 7/19/13 12:09 PM Rx PHARMACY Hang up tHe wHite coat. Take on the Role of a Multi-Store Owner. If you are considering becoming a multi-store owner, Live Oak Bank can customize a loan to meet your financing needs. We understand your entrepreneurial drive and support your desire to expand your existing business. Let us help you grow. Contact our Senior Loan Officers for additional information. Ed Webman, RPh Whitney Bouknight Sarita Vora 407.539.0396 910.798.1205 404.995.2004 www.liveoakbank.com/ncpa • 866.730.0938 ©2013 Live Oak Banking Company. -
Steven Foster Photography Medicinal Plants- Volume 1 CD-ROM
lndena science. There before it even started growing. Still there We put our 80 years of after scientific expertise and consumers commitment to quality to work even before our raw buy your materials germinate. product. We supervise plant cultivation and ensure Good Agricultural Practices are observed. We don't let up for a moment during the extraction of active principles, in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices. And our exhaustive analysis of the finished product, using validated methods, allows you to offer your customers the quality standards of tomorrow, today. To have the world leader as a partner, just get in touch. I ch inde_.,.- www.indena.it Headquarters: lndena S.p.A.- Viale Ortles, 12-20139 Milan -Italy- tel. +31t;Ui~ lndena USA, Inc. -1001 Fourth Avenue Plaza, Suite 3714- Seattle, WA 98154 -tel. lndena USA East, Inc.- 1719 Route 10 East, Suite 311 -Parsippany, NJ 07054- tel. The American Botanical Council Invites You to Join Us The American Botanical Council is the leading nonprofit education and research organization disseminating science-based information to promote the safe and effective use of medicinal plants and phytomedicines. Join those who have discovered the value of membership! ince 1988, the nonprofit American Botanical Council Educational Literature has worked to educate the public, healthcare practition S ABC continues to develop and dis ers, media, and government agencies on the safe and effec tribute educational literature to tive use of medicinal plants and phytomedicines. Individu advance the field of phytomedicine. als, organizations and companies who share our vision As an independent research organi support our goals through membership. -
Molecular Systematics of the Cashew Family (Anacardiaceae) Susan Katherine Pell Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2004 Molecular systematics of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae) Susan Katherine Pell Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Recommended Citation Pell, Susan Katherine, "Molecular systematics of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae)" (2004). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1472. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1472 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE CASHEW FAMILY (ANACARDIACEAE) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Biological Sciences by Susan Katherine Pell B.S., St. Andrews Presbyterian College, 1995 May 2004 © 2004 Susan Katherine Pell All rights reserved ii Dedicated to my mentors: Marcia Petersen, my mentor in education Dr. Frank Watson, my mentor in botany John D. Mitchell, my mentor in the Anacardiaceae Mary Alice and Ken Carpenter, my mentors in life iii Acknowledgements I would first and foremost like to thank my mentor and dear friend, John D. Mitchell for his unabashed enthusiasm and undying love for the Anacardiaceae. He has truly been my adviser in all Anacardiaceous aspects of this project and continues to provide me with inspiration to further my endeavor to understand the evolution of this beautiful and amazing plant family. -
Woody Plant Species Used in Urban Forestry in West Africa: Case Study in Lomé, Capital Town of Togo
International Scholars Journals African Journal of Wood Science and Forestry ISSN 2375-0979 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-011, August, 2019. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. Full Length Research Paper Woody plant species used in urban forestry in West Africa: Case study in Lomé, capital town of Togo Radji Raoufou*, Kokou Kouami and Akpagana Koffi Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, BP 1515 Lomé - Togo. Accepted 13 July, 2019 Many studies have been conducted on the flora of Togo. However, none of them is devoted to the ornamental flora horticulture. This survey aims to establish an inventory of the woody plant species in urban forests of Lomé, the capital town of Togo. It covers the trees planted along the avenues, in the gardens, courtyards, shady trees and trees used as fences for houses or trees at the seaside. In total, 297 plant species belong to 141 genera and 48 families were recorded. They are dominated by 79% of dicotyledonous, 13% of monocotyledonous and 8% of gymnosperms. Families that are best represented in terms of species are those of the Euphorbiaceae, Arecaceae and Acanthaceae. Alien species represent 69% and African species represent 31% out of which 6% are from Togo. According to the current threatening of the natural habitat by human activities, African native plant species could be more useful for ornamental purposes than exotic plants. Key words: Ornamental horticulture, plant flora, green areas, valorisation, native flora. INTRODUCTION Urban forestry refers to trees and forests located in cities, landscape covered with trees for the physical and mental including ornamental and grown trees, street and parkland health has been documented (Ulrich, 1984). -
Floral Function in Relation to Floral Structure in Two Periploca Species (Periplocoideae) Apocynaceae
Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2015) 39: 653-663 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1403-43 Floral function in relation to floral structure in two Periploca species (Periplocoideae) Apocynaceae 1, 2 Samia HENEIDAK *, Yougasphree NAIDOO 1 Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt 2 School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Received: 16.03.2014 Accepted/Published Online: 13.01.2015 Printed: 30.07.2015 Abstract: This study comprises an investigation into the floral function in relation to the floral structure of Periploca aphylla and P. angustifolia, using light and scanning electron microscopy. Both species display the following floral structures: style-head bearing pollen translators, shelf-like nectaries, staminal feet, nectar-collecting troughs, trisegmented corolline corona lobes and corolla lobes, and anthers and nectaries covered by unicellular hairs. Lateral segments of adjacent corona lobes are fused with half of the adaxial base of the adjacent corolla lobes, creating openings through which pollinators can reach the nectar-collecting troughs in the corolla base. Flowers are rotate with spreading corolla lobes and exposed gynostegium, thus sorting in the open-access fly pollination system. The following features are useful to distinguish the flowers of the two species: corolla color, presence or absence of long unicellular hairs and white spots size on the adaxial surface of corolla lobes, translator length, pollen tetrads color, and presence or absence of linear tetrads. It seems that the floral modifications of the two Periploca species serve to optimize pollination efficiency by attracting a wide number of pollinators, thus enhancing the pollination success of plants. -
Oleandrin: a Cardiac Glycosides with Potent Cytotoxicity
PHCOG REV. REVIEW ARTICLE Oleandrin: A cardiac glycosides with potent cytotoxicity Arvind Kumar, Tanmoy De, Amrita Mishra, Arun K. Mishra Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Central Facility of Instrumentation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur, Rajput, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Submitted: 19-05-2013 Revised: 29-05-2013 Published: **-**-**** ABSTRACT Cardiac glycosides are used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Current trend shows use of some cardiac glycosides in the treatment of proliferative diseases, which includes cancer. Nerium oleander L. is an important Chinese folk medicine having well proven cardio protective and cytotoxic effect. Oleandrin (a toxic cardiac glycoside of N. oleander L.) inhibits the activity of nuclear factor kappa‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B chain (NF‑κB) in various cultured cell lines (U937, CaOV3, human epithelial cells and T cells) as well as it induces programmed cell death in PC3 cell line culture. The mechanism of action includes improved cellular export of fibroblast growth factor‑2, induction of apoptosis through Fas gene expression in tumor cells, formation of superoxide radicals that cause tumor cell injury through mitochondrial disruption, inhibition of interleukin‑8 that mediates tumorigenesis and induction of tumor cell autophagy. The present review focuses the applicability of oleandrin in cancer treatment and concerned future perspective in the area. Key words: Cardiac glycosides, cytotoxicity, oleandrin INTRODUCTION the toad genus Bufo that contains bufadienolide glycosides, the suffix-adien‑that refers to the two double bonds in the Cardiac glycosides are used in the treatment of congestive lactone ring and the ending-olide that denotes the lactone heart failure (CHF) and cardiac arrhythmia. -
West African Herbal Pharmacopoeia West African Health Organisation (Waho)
WEST AFRICAN HEALTH ORGANISATION (WAHO) WEST AFRICAN HERBAL PHARMACOPOEIA WEST AFRICAN HEALTH ORGANISATION (WAHO) WEST AFRICAN HERBAL PHARMACOPOEIA @2020 WAHO WEST AFRICAN HEALTH ORGANISATION (WAHO) BOBO-DIOULASSO (BURKINA FASO) Tel. (226) 20 97 57 75/Fax (226) 20 97 57 72 E-mail : [email protected] Web Site : www.wahooas.org All rights reserved: No part of this publication is to be reproduced or used in any form or by any means – graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information storage or retrieval systems, without written permission of the Director General, West African Health organization. WEST AFRICAN HERBAL PHARMACOPOEIA WAHP 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS III FOREWORD IV PREFACE VI INTRODUCTION VIII MONOGRAPHS 1 ABRUS PRECATORIOUS 2 ACANTHOSPERMUM HISPIDUM 11 ANACAARDIUM OCCIDENTALE 21 ANNONA SENEGALENSIS 34 CALOTROPIS PROCERA 45 CASSIA SIEBERIANA 60 CHROMOLAENA ODORATA 69 CHRYSANTHELLUM INDICUM 79 CITRUS PARADISI 88 COCHLOSPERMUM TINCTORIUM 100 COMBRETUM GLUTINOSUM 110 DANIELLIA OLIVERI 119 EUPHORBIA POISONII 128 FLUEGGEA VIROSA 136 GARDENIA TERNIFOLIA 146 GUIERA SENEGALENSIS 155 JATROPHA GOSSYPIFOLIA 166 NEWBOULDIA LAEVIS 177 OLAX SUBSCORPIOIDEA 186 PAVETTA OWARIENSIS 197 PILIOSTIGMA THONNINGII 204 PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA 213 POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA 222 SANSEVIERA LIBERICA 231 STROPHANTHUS GRATUS 240 TERMINALIA MACROPTERA 248 THEVETIA PERUVIANA 258 VISMIA GUINEENSIS 266 VITEX DONIANA 274 XIMENIA AMERICANA 283 ANNEXE 292 WAHO III WEST AFRICAN HERBAL PHARMACOPOEIA WAHP 2020 FOREWORD Globally, the use of traditional medicine (TM), particularly herbal medicines, has surged over the past two decades, with many people now resorting to it for treatment of various health conditions. For example, in Europe, the use of TM ranges from 42% in Belgium to 90% in the United Kingdom; and from 42% in the USA in adults and 70% in Canada. -
WRA Species Report
Family: Apocynaceae Taxon: Strophanthus gratus Synonym: Roupellia grata Wall. & Hook. (basionym) Common Name: Climbing oleander Spider tresses Poison arrow vine Strophanthus glabre du Gabon Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 0 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals