Herbal Education Catalog inside!
7 25274 81379 7 New Items in ABC's Herbal Education Catalog
All items on page 2-5 ore nowavaila ble throug hou r 32-page catalog, wh ichis available followi ng page 82 of this issue of Herba/Gram.
THE HEALING HERBS COOKBOOK by Pot Crocker. 1999. Information on preserving and cooking with herbs, plus o comprehensive reference on their medicinal properties. 115 vegetarian recipes incorporating whole, natural ingredients with o wide variety f of healing herbs. lists herbal organizations, moihnder sources, glossary, and herb-specific recipe index. t Softcover, 192 pp. $17.95 . #8400 r r
HERBAL MEDICINE INTO THE NEW MILLENNIUM 1999 international conference on the science, regulation production and clinical application of medicinal plants ot Southern Cross University, New South Wales, Austrolio. View and hear from your computer the complete 18 hours of presentations from 27 of the world's most eminent medicinal plont experts from 9 countries together for the first time. CD ROM $150. SOUTHERN HERB GROWING #C009 by Modolene Hill and Gwen Barclay. 1987. Comprehensive guide to growing more than 130 herbs in the conditions peculiar to the American South. Propogotion, cultivation, harvesting, design ideas, usage, and history. 300 color photographs and 10 0 recipes. Softcover, 196 pp. $24.95. #B399 HEALING PLANTS 2000 16-MONTH CALENDAR by Steven Foster. Storts with September 1999. Includes traditional ond modern medicinal uses in addition to beautiful full color photographs. $11.99. #G016
AN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN HERBAL by Use Monniche. 1989. 94 species of plants ond trees used from before the pharaohs to the Coptic period. Each plant is named in latin and English, and where known in ancient Egyptian, Greek and modern Arabic. An account is given of the plants' special properties, with authentic AMERICAN INDIAN HEALING ARTS: HERBS, RITUALS, recipes for cosmetics ond cures. Discusses the AND REMEDIES FOR EVERY SEASON OF LIFE mony uses the oncient Egyptians mode of by E. Borne Kovosch ond Koren Boor. 1999. Ablend of plant lore, herbs and flowers, and the importance of history, and living tradition including more than 60 eosy-t!Hlse herbal plants for funerary and festive occasions. remedies, many now being confirmed by modern research, and Softcover, 176 pp. $19.95. #8414 guidelines for assembling o basic American Indian medicine chest. Softcover, 309 pp. $17.95. #B411
Two New Videos From the South Pacific
GUARDIANS OF EDEN by Boris Errson. The race to save the rarest plonts in the world is vividly portrayed in this footage from Kou' oi, Moui ond Somoo. Botanists rappel down cliffs, collect from helicopters, ond struggle to plant ot the lush Notional Tropical GUARDIANS Botanical Gardens in Hawaii and Florido the lost seeds of plant species !hot teeter on the edge of extinction. Ethnobotonicol interviews with indigenous healers save equa ll yendangered healing knowledge. Astunningly beautiful OF film . 25 min. $19.95. #821 NAFANUA: SAVING THE SAMOAN RAINFOREST EDEN As aired on the Discovery channel, this documentary recounts the heroic struggle of o Samoan village to protect their rainforest against loggers. It includes extensive footage of So moon healers demonstrating their skills for ethnobotonist Paul Cox, and Samoan chiefs who courageously stand up to the logging companies. by Boris Errson Follows the some story os Cox's poignant memoir of the some tirie. Won first prize ot the US Environmental Film Festival. 52 min. $24.95. #820
HERBALGRAM 47 1999 THE STRAIGHT PATH OF THE SPIRIT: ANCESTRAL WISDOM Three Perspectives AND HEALING TRADITIONS IN FIJI by Richard Katz. 1999. An illilepth study of the healing and spiritual aspects of kava in its original cultural context, as well as on engrossing story of on Treating Cancer indigenous healers and a dramatic account of cultures in collision. The straight path of the title is a journey through life whose truth is revealed only to the CANCER AND THE extent that it is searched for with honesty and faith, and it emphasizes the SEARCH FOR spiritual dimension of health and the ceremonial use of kava. Softcover, 411 SELECTIVE pp. $19.95. #8409 BIOCHEMICAL INHIBITORS by E. J. Hoffmann. 1999. Examines nonorthodox methods, particularly plant and herbal SHINNERS & MAHLER'S ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS possibilities, for by George Diggs, Jr., Barney lipscomb, and Robert O'Kennon. 1999. Information on 2,223 treating cancer. species, nearly ho~ known for the entire state of Texas, line drawings for all species, 17 4 Includes o full account color photographs, and appendices covering botanically related internet addresses, of the main conservation organizations, native plants to use as ornamentals, phylogeny, and endemic conventional and alternative cancer treatments currently species make this book useful too wide audience. Hardcover, 1626 pp. $95. #8417 available. Provides detailed information about the biochemistry of cancer. Usts biooctive plant species, their chemical taxonomy and phytochemicals, notably those considered anticancer agents. Reports the latest findings on the genesis of cancer cells including the action of viruses. More Than Just a Coffee Table Book Hardcover, 560 pp. $139.95. #8410
C O NTEM P O RARY BOTANICAL NUTRITIONAL ARTISTS CONTEMPORARY ONCOLOGY Ed. by BOTANICAL David Heber, George ARTISTS: THE Blackburn, and Voy SHIRLEY Uong W. Go. 1999. SHERWOOD Addresses the COLLECTION principles of nutritional by Shirley Sherwood. oncology, including cell Ed. by Victoria biology, environmental Matthews. 1996. and chemical Assembled in just five years, the Sherwood collection is carcinogenesis, oxidant considered the finest of contemporary botanical art in private hands. This book contains stress, and elements of over 100 reproductions of paintings by as many artists from 17 countries, amazing in their human diet. Also, methods of clinical, nutritional, detail and delicateness, their intricacy and sheer beauty. Hardcover, 240 pp. $60. #8408 immunological, biochemical, and nutritional endocrine II assessment of the patient. Fields of nutritional intervention and chemoprevention of cancer ore included using on organ specific approach. Discusses the treatment of the malnourished patient usin g nutritional and pharmacological Available in the U.S. only through ABC approaches. Hardcover, 632 pp. $149.95. #8413
HERBS, HEALTH, HWERS: AFRICA AS ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL TREASURY by Peter De Smet. 1999. With more than 400 color photographs, many of CANCER SALVES African art from various collections including the Afrika Museum in Berg en by Ingrid Naiman. Do l, The Netherlands, this book addresses in ostunning and very accessible 1999. Different types way how sulrSohoron Africans use herbal drugs and poisons both medicinally of cancer solves and and religiously. Integrates the ethnophormocologicol perspective with other herbs ore discussed, biomedical methods that ore available to African healers and the diseases including pros and which must be treated. Softcover, 180 pp. $59. #B407 cons of solve use and the conditions under An excerpt from this book, including photos of the which they may be sole and appropriate. Case histories and art used in the exhibit, appears on page 52 of this issue. methods ore given. Major anti-cancer herbs ore described in considerable detail along with exact formulae used by famous physicians and practitioners of natural medicine See the Herbal Education Catalog following page 82 who developed poultices, pastes, and other herbal remedies of this issue for these and over SOO other titles! for cancer. Softcover, 235 pp. $27.50. #B415 Proceeds from the sale of catalog items fund non-profit education and research projects.
1999 HERBALGRAM 47 3 long Awaited Monographs from the World Health Organization Information that no industry or healthcare professional should be without
WHO MONOGRAPHS ON SELEaED MEDICINAL PLANTS, VOL 1. by the World Health Organization. 1999. Collection of 28 monographs covering the quality control and traditional and clinical uses of medicinal plants selected for inclusion on the basis of their widespread use, particularly in countries that rely heavily on medicinal plants to meet primary health care needs. Aims to encourage standardized scientific approaches to ensuring the safety, quality, and efficacy of medicinal plants and their products. Softcover, 287 pp. $82.80. #428
For a list of monographs in this book, see the article on page 40 of this issue of Herba/Grom. Also Available from WHO
QUALITY CONTROL METHODS FOR MEDICINAL PLANT MATERIALS by the World Health Organization. 1998. Acollection of recommended test procedures for assessing the identity, purity, and content of medicinal plant materials intended to support development of national standards based on local market conditions. Includes macroscopic and microscopic examination, thin-layer chromatography, and tests for determination of many factors. Softcover, 115 pp. $31 .50. #8406 New Monographs from the American Herbal Pharmacopoeia
<..Astragalus 'J?.eot Hnwthom 'Berry Am•s-l_111 ~brruuunu tf ( '·"·'<'l:'"''PI' -;rr;;:/:CC'f#_,f,uuun.sm. ····· "···" NEW MONOGRAPHS $19~~
ASTRAGALUS- ROOT Item #431 HAWTHORN BERRY Item #430 • Comprehensive review of the therapeurtc uses • Complete safety and toxicology data Other Monographs Available from AHP • Crirtcal informarton on side effects, contraindicartons, all aspects of St. John's Wort (Item #5420-$4.95) quality control, historical use and more ValerianRoat (Item #427-$19. 95) • Fully referenced and peer reviewed by international authorities Hawthorn leaf with Flower (Item #426-19 .95) • Astragalus also includes Tradirtonal Chinese Medicine supplement secrton Herbal Education Catalog Corrections The following are Herbal Education Catalog price changes. The catalog is available following page 82 of this issue of Herba/Gram.
Item# Title Price Page# Item# Title Price Page# B005H Honest Herbal, The (hardcover) 49 .95 12 Bl72 Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants 126.00 29 BL B036 Botany, Introduction to Plant Biology 80.00 20 B218 Better Health with (Mos~y) Chinese Herbs and Foods 7.46 23 B046 Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs 179.00 23 B259 Buzz: Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine 18.75 25 B079H Herbs of Choice (hardcover) 39.95 18 8276 Chemisty and Applications of Green Tea 69.95 15 8083 Plant Drug Analysis 212.00 17 8305 ABiblical Herbal 35.00 12 B098 Neem: ATree for Solving Global Problems 25.00 14 8312 Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Vol. I 95 .00 17 BlOB Perfumery: Practice and Principles 79.95 29 Back Ust (BL) 8315 Hemp Horizons 13.27 24 BllS Medicinal Mushrooms 18.95 25 B329 Phytomedicines of Europe: Chemistry and Biological Activity 125.00 17 Bl28 Guide to Flowering Plant Families 59.95 29 BL B331 HPLC and CE: Principles and Practice 83.00 17 B134 The Abandoned Narcotic 54.95 21 B353 Chinese Materia Medica 132.00 23 Bl41S Opium Poppy (softcover) 24.95 29 BL B37l Kava: Nature's Answer to Stress 12.95 15 Bl42 Taxol: Science and Application 169.95 29 BL B390 Advances in Hemp Research 89.95 24 Bl49 Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants 218.00 20 8392 Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis 20.00 24 8152 Consuming Habits 70.00 29 BL (The pictures of books # 8390 and 8392 ore reversed in the catalog. 8167 Rhubarb: The Wondrous Drug 60.00 29 BL We apologize for any confusion this may hove caused.)
4 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 New from Harwood Academic Publishers One of the leading publishers of scientifici nformation onmed icinal plants presents five newtitles onindividual sub;ects
NEEM by H. S. Puri. 1999. Excellent treatment of the observations and research efforts of botanists, taxonomists, traditional medicine men and medicinal chemists concerning Neem's botanical, medicinal, industrial and agricultural uses. From processing and quality assurance of plant row materials to toxicology, chemical constituents, and therapeutic indications and pharmacological studies. Hardcover, 182 pp. $70. #8401
CARAWAY POPPY Ed. by Eva Nemeth. 1998. Authors from around the world present information about valuable traditions as well as --- the most up-to-dote research results on the biology, chemistry, pharmacological uses, toxicology, ogrotechnology and ERGOT utilization of the plant genus Corum. Hardcover, 200 pp. $70. #B402 --~ POPPY CANNABIS by Jeno Bernath. 1998. Includes histo rical evaluation, botany, taxonomy, physiology, cultivation, pharmacological ...... effectiveness, international control of their processing and trade, and the modern approach to compiling both the ._._ --- chemical and biotechnological information concerning the genus Popover. Hardcover, 352 pp. $127 . #8403 - ERGOT Ed. by Vladimir Kren and Ladislov Cvak. 1999. Ergot alkaloids cover a wide spectrumof therapeutic uses. This volume address history, biology, taxonomy, biosyntheses, chemistry, cultivation, industrial production, receptors for ond antimicrobial ond antitumor effects of ergot alkaloids, and toxicology. Hardcover, 518 pp. $120. #B404
CANNABIS Ed. by David T. Brown. 1998. Aseries of expert dissertations, supported byo ver 700 references on the history, ethnobotony, chemistry ond analysis, cultivation and processing of Cannabis. The medicinal ond non-med icinal uses of the plant and its derivatives ore viewed in the context of notional and international legislation to define ond control its use. Hardcover, 286 pp. $100. #B405 Just In Time for the Holidays
Place your order by December 15 from our Herbal Education Catalog and as long as the item is in stock, your purchase will be delivered by Dec. 23rd. (U.S. orders only, shipped UPS Ground)
Two Great Books That Every Healthcare Professional Interested in Alternative and Complementary Therapies Should Have TEXTBOOK OF NATURAL MEDICINE \"*'w l CLINICAL EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL byJoseph Pizzo rno and Michael Murray. HERBS AND OTHER THERAPEUTIC Textbook 1999. 2nd ed . Th e most comprehensive, NATURAL PRODUCTS by Steven Brotman if th orough ly researched, carefully referenced ond David Kroll. 1999 . Aclinical refe rence guide Natura( ond up-to-dote text on natural medici nes and aimed primarily at pharmacists and oth er complementary modalities. Includ es heolthcore professionals which provides o CLINICAL EVALUATION Medicine accurate, detailed pharmacologic information sc ientifically rigorous refe rence on he rbal medicin e OF MEDICINAL HERBS on herbs ond supplements, ond a wid e rang e indications, pharmacology, and herb-d rug ]osrph E. Pizzonto ]r ·- ."1$. Mi 1999 HERB ALGRAM 47 5 ADVISORY BOARDS Each issue of Herba/Gram is peer reviewed by members of our Advisory Boards before publication. American Botanical Council Herb Research John Thor Arnason, Ph.D., Professor of Biology, Dept. of Gail B. Mahady, Ph.D., Research Assistant Professo r, Foundation Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Medical Chemistry &Pharmacogno sy, College of Pharmacy, University of Ill inois, Chicago, Illinois Dennis V. C. Awang, Ph.D., F.C.I.C., MediPiant Natural Rob McCaleb, President Products Consulting Services, Vancouver, B.C., Canada Robin J. Maries, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Botany, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada Manuel F. Balandrin, R.Ph., Ph.D., Research Scientist, NPS Glenn Appelt, Ph.D., R.Ph., Author and Professo r Pharmaceuticals, Salt Lake City, Utah Dennis J. McKenna, Ph.D., Consulting Ethnopharmacologist, Em eritus, University of Colorado, and with Boulder Beach Minneapolis, Minnesota Marilyn Barrett, Ph.D., Pharmacognosy Consulting Service, Consulting Group Redwood City, California Daniel E. Moerman, Ph.D., William E. Stirton Professor of John A. Beutler, Ph.D., Natural Products Chemist, Anthropology, University of Michigan/Dearborn, Dearborn, National Cancer In stitute Bradley C. Bennett, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biology, Michigan Florida International University, Miami, Florida William Obermeyer, Ph.D., Vice-President of Research and Robert A. Bye, Jr., Ph.D., Professor of Ethnobotony, Joseph M. Betz, Ph.D., Research Chemist, Center for Food Technology, ConsumerLab.com, Annapolis, Maryla nd Notional University of Mexico Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Natural Products, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. Samuel W. Page, Ph.D., Director, Division of Natural Products, Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Director, In stitute for Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Traditional Med icine and Preve ntive Hea lth Care Donald J. Brown, N.D., Director, Natural Products Administration, Washing ton, D.C. Research Consultants, Maplewood, New Jersey James A. Duke, Ph.D., Econom ic Botanist (U.S.D.A., Joseph E. Pizzorno, Jr., N.D., President, Bastyr University, ret.), author, Herbal Vineyard, Fulton, Maryland Thomas J. Carlson, M.S., M.D., Senior Director, Seattle, Washington Ethnobiomedical Field Research, Shaman Botanicals.com, South Norman R. Farnsworth, Ph.D., Research Professor of Son Francisco, California Mark J. Plotkin, Ph.D., Author, Executive Director, Pharmacognosy, Program for Collaborative Research in the Ethnobotany and Conservation Team, Arlington, Virg inia Jean Carper, Author and syndicated columnist, Washington, D.C. Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Senior University Scholar, John Riddle, Ph.D., Department of History, North Carolina University of Illinois at Chicago Jerry (ott, Ph.D., Chief of Pharmacological Treatment Research State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Richard I. Ford, Ph.D., Professor of Ethnobotony, Maryland Eloy Rodriguez, Ph.D., James Perkins Professor of University of Michigan Environmental Studies, Schaal of Agriculture &Life Sciences, David Kroll, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Pharmacology Paul Alan Cox, Ph.D., Director, National Tropical Botanical Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Garden, Kawai, Hawaii and Toxico logy, University of Colorado, School of James E. Simon, Ph.D., Professor of Horticulture and Research Pharmacy Lyle E. Craker, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Plant and Soil Director, Center for New Crops &Plant Products, Purdue Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts University, West Lafayette, Indiana Harriet Kuhnlein, Ph.D., Professor of Nutrition, McGill University Edward M. Croom, Jr., Ph.D., Coordinator, Phytomedicine Beryl Simpson, Ph.D., C. L. Lund ell Professor of Botany, Project, National Center for the Development of Natural Department of Botany, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Albert Leung, Ph.D., Pharmacognosist and Pharmacist, Products, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi Texas Glen Rock, New Jersey Wade Davis, Ph.D., Author, ethn obotanist, Washington, D.C. S. H. Sohmer, Ph.D., President and Director, Walter Lewis, Ph.D., Professor of Bio logy, Washington Steven Dentali, Ph.D., Natural Products Consultant, Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas University, and Senior Botanist, Missouri Botanical Gardens Porftand, Oregon Barbara N. Timmermann, Ph.D., Professor of Pharmacology Hardy Eshbaugh, Ph.D., Professor of Botany &Assistant and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Ara Der Marderosian, Ph.D., Professor of Curator, Willard Sherman Turrell Herbarium, Miami University, Tucson, Arizona Pharmacognosy, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science Oxford, Ohio G. H. Neil Towers, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, F. R. S. C., Christopher Hobbs, LAc., AHG, Herbalist, botanist, licensed Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, James D. McChesney, Ph.D., Vice President, Natural acupuncturist, Santa Cruz, California British Columbia, Canada Products Chemistry, NoPro Bio Therapeutics, Boulder, David Hoffmann, B.St., M.N.I.M.H., Med ical herbalist, Arthur 0. Tucker, Ph.D., Research Professor of Agriculture and Colorado Santa Rosa, California Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware C. Dwayne Ogzewalla, Ph.D., Retired Professor of Maurice M. lwu, Ph.D., Biaresources Development and Nancy Turner, Ph.D., Professor and Ethnobotonist, Pharmacognosy, University of Cincinnati Conservation Program, Senior Research Associate at the Division Environmental Studies Program, University of Victoria, Victoria , Robert Rountree, M.D., Physician, Boulder, Colorado of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of British Columbia, Canada Research, Washington, D.C. Andrew T. Weil, M.D., Author, Director of the Program in E. John Staba, Ph.D., Professor of Pharmacognosy, Steven King, Ph.D., Senior Vice President of Ethnobotanyand Integrative Medicine and Associate Director of the Di vision of University of Minnesota Conservation, Sha man Botanicals. com, South San Francisco, Social Perspectives in Medicin e of the College of Medicine, Varro E. Tyler, Ph.D., Dean and Distinguished Professor California University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona of Pharmacognosy Emeritus, Sc ho ol of Pharma cy and Thomas L. Kurt, M.D., M.P.H., Clinical Professor, ad hoc advisor: Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue Un ive rsity Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas David M. Eisenberg, M.D., Director, Center for Alternative Phil Weber, M.D., Physician, Boulder, Colorado Southwestern, Dallas, Texas Medicine Research, Beth Isra el Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Andrew T. Weil, M.D., Author, Director of th e Program in Tom Mabry, Ph.D., Professor of Plant Biochemistry, Integrative Medicine and Associate Director of the Division of Department of Botany, University of Texas at Austin, Social Perspectives in Medicine of the College of Medicine, Austin, Te xas Unive rsity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 6 HERBAL GRAM 47 1999 Educating the Public on the Use of Herbs and Phytomedicines DEAR READER Mark Blumenthal, Fou nd er and Exec utive Director Our cover story is based on a museum exhibition and Michael J. Bolick, Ph .D., Director and Philecology Curator, book on African art and how it reflects the traditional Institute of Econo mi c Botany, The New Yo rk Botanical Gorden, ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology of sub-Saharan Af Bronx, New York rica. Peter De Smet, a Dutch pharmacist and epidemiologist, hv\ERIGAN has been studying African art and traditional medicine for BoTfoNICAL James A. Duke, Ph.D., Economic Botanist (USDA, rei.) many years. His collection is now on display in the African Author, Fulton, Maryland COUNCIL Museum in the Netherlands. Boord of Norman R. Farnsworth, Ph.D ., Researc h Professo r of The ecological and cultural implications of the increased Pharmacognosy, Program for Collaborative Research in the worldwide demand for botanical raw materials is documented Trustees Pharmaceutical Scie nces, University of Illinois at Chicago by ethnobotanist Steven King and colleagues. On the regulatory scene, it has been five years in Octo Steven Fosler, President, Steven Foster Group, Inc. , ber since the passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Fayetteville, Arkansas Education Act of 1994 (DHSEA), the landmark legislation Fredi Kronenberg, Ph .D., Director, Rosenthal Center for Complementary that classed herbs as "dietary supplements" and allowed lim and Alternative Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians ond ited claims about health benefits on product labels. We exam Surgeons, New York, New York ine the quantity of "structure-function" claims made in sev eral areas of health and some of the "new dietary ingredients" Vorro E. Tyler, Ph.D., Sc.D ., Dean and Disting uished Professor submitted for FDA approval. of Pharmacognosy Eme ritus, School of Pharmacy and It's been a pretty tough year for the FDA. It has lost Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue University two court cases on dietary supplements, the Cholestin® case and the Pearson case on health claims, and now a respected government agency has found fault with FDA. In August, a HERBAIGRAM GAO report criticized the unscientific manner in which the The Journal of the American Botanical Council and the Herb Research Foundation agency produced proposed rules to regulate supplements con taining the herb ephedra (aka rna huang, Ephedra sinica). FDA Mark Blumenthal Editor /Publisher had proposed rules in June 1997 limiting the amount of ephe Barbaro A. Johnston Managing Editor dra alkaloids to a maximum of 8 mg per dose and 24 mg per Rob McCaleb Technical Editor day, with a limit of 7 days duration. GAO essentially said Dawnelle Malo ne Assistant Editor that FDA lacked a scientific basis for producing these rules. Natalie Re ittinger Art Director GAO also raised other questions about FDA's rulemaking Wali Stopher Copy Editor process. Steven Foster Associate Editor The big news these days in the herb market is that after Michael McGuffin Industry /Regulatory Affairs TIME magazine heralded the "boom" in the market (also noted Karen Newton Editorial Assistant in a major article in HerbalGram 44), the boom has fizzled. We publish statistics showing a 55% increase in 1998 over Contributors Margaret Blank Steven Ki ng 1997 for the food, drug, and mass market channels of retail Jodi Chaffen Peter londes sales. However, according to the latest reports, sales for the Peter De Smet Evelyn le igh first half of this year are only about 11 % greater than the same Ko ren Dean Michael McGuffin time last year. Industry veterans suggest that more units are Kara Dinda Krista Marien being sold, but at a relatively lower cost per unit, as the mar Rho nda Hess William J. Ski nner ket continues to move toward the sale of generic or private Rachael Jon es Ed Steele label brands-at least in the mainstream market. Also, ques Ch ris Kilham Dan Wagner tions abound whether new consumers are entering into the herbal market, or whether the advertising dollars being spent Chief Adm inistrative Officer Wayn e Silverman, Ph.D. by large pharmaceutical and herbal companies are attracting, not new customers, but buyers from other brands. Others sug Gayle Eng els· Sales Manager liso "Peppe r" Perrone -Customer Service gest that increased negative publicity about potential quality Shari McMillon - Order Processing lau ren Th ompson -Conferences control problems continues to plague the industry, possibly liso lorousse - Gardens George Solis - Shipping Assistant putting off potential new customers, as the press increasingly David Hitchcock - Shipping Cecelia Thompson -Accountant lisa Newton -Purchasing Morgoret Wrig ht -Accounts Receivable takes an investigative role on herbs and herbal products. As Debb ie Jo nes -Subscriptions/Ciassifieds we have said for 16 years, there is no substitute for good re search and good quality. There are many high quality herbal Herba/Gram is publ ished quarterly by the American Botanical Cou ncil and th e Herb products in the U.S. market, many of which are being tar Research Foundation as an educational project. Both are non- profit research and educati on organizations under IRS code 50 l(c)(3). Educational and business offices nished by the presence of poorly made products. are at the American Botanical Cou nci l, P.O. Box 144345. Austin , Texas 787 14-4345 . 512/926-4900. FAX 512/926-2345. 1999 HERBAlGRAM 47 7 Number 47 1999 T:he ~ ot~rnol o b:tb~e:: Amer:ican Boto:nico nd tbe 1:-:ler:b Research f.oondation 10 ABC News 21 Herb Blurbs Brandon/ Hill Recommends the German Comm ission Coffee and Chocolate, the New Health Foods; Veggie E Monographs for Medical Libraries; New Electronics: Have a Byte of Spinach (/) Expanded Commission E Book; Jeannie Rose Donates Herbal Memorabilia to ABC ; Blumenthal 22 Research and World News Awarded Honorary Degree from Canadian College Students Study Herbs in Belize Rainforest; Study Finds 1--- of Naturopathic Medicine; ABC Publishes New Aloe Steroids in Chinese Herbal Creams; Texas Medical Vera Booklet; Renowned Horticulturist Designs ABC Association Sets Standards for Physicians; Doctors Seek Gardens; ABC Hosts First Rainwater Collection Day; Strong Policy on Dietary Aids; $3 Million Deal Accredited Ethonobotanical Tours for Healthcare launches Major Hunt for Drug leads in Brazil; Papua z Professionals; ABC Activities : April- August, 1999; New Guinea Forms Institute of Biodiversity ABC History. 27 Research Reviews UJ lS HRF News Standardized Garlic Powder Reduces Heart Attack HRF Receives Three-year International Development Risk; Saw Palmetto Shrinks Prostate Tissues ; Red Clover Project Grant; African Natural Products Network Improves Heart Health After Menopause; Echinacea for Roundtable; New Online Document Delivery Athletes; Hypericin and AIDS ; St. John 's Wort for ~ Service: HerbDoc Express Unexplained Fatigue 16 Organization News 32 Plant Patents I Consumerlab.com Begins Independent Testing of Anti-acne Composition Containing a Poria cocos Herbal Products and Supplements-Certification Seal Extract; lobeline Compounds as a Treatment for ~ Announced; AHPA Appoints New President; INA Psychostimulant Abuse and Withdrawal, and for Eating Methods Validation Program; AHPA-supported Disorders; Crafaegus Benefits Cardiac Arrest <{ legislation Signed by Washington State Governor; 34 Legal and Regulatory Minnesota Pharmacists Association Forms Task Force GAO Criticizes FDA's Proposed Regulations on o_ 19 Grants and Awards Ephedrine-containing Dietary Supplements : Report Brevoort Receives Business leadership Award; Notes lack of Science in FDA Process; DSHEA at Five ACEER Receives Conservation Award; Bu rroughs Years : A Review of Structure-Function Claims · UJ Wellcome Fund Grant Awarded to lewis; Foster's Monograph Update: WHO Publishes Herba( 10 1 Medicinal Herbs Receives Awards; Mabry Monographs Receives Pergamon Phytochemistry Prize; Native 63 Market Report 0 American Botan ies Awarded USDA Grant; Herbalist Market Report by Peter Landes; Herb Market levels and Alchemist, Inc ., Receives USDA Grant After Five Years of Boom 66 Conference Purdue Training Program Offers Holistic View of Herb Industry; ASP Conference Reviews Sc ience and Regulations 72 In Memoriam Michael Q . Ford; Oswald Tippo; Bertha Reppert; Charles R. Dawson ; James H. Whittam 74 Book Reviews 7S ABC Catalog Top Ten Book Sales 76 Letters 78 Access 78 Calendar 80 Classifieds Sunflower, Helianthus annuus . From the Children's Garden at ABC. Photo ©1 999 Jon Jonietz. 8 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 46 II Issues in the Commercialization of m Medicinal Plants )> by Steven R. King, Elsa N . Meza, ___, Thomas J.S. Carlson, Julie A. Chinnock, Katy Moran, and Jose R. Borges c A healer from western Cameroon. AJ Prunus africana has been used by many different ethnolinguistic groups in Cameroon for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia for cen turies. Photo© m 1999 Thomas Carlson . (/) 52 HEAVENLY HERBS AND EARTHLY AILMENTS: AFRICA AS ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL TREASURY Peter A.G.M . De Smet Spirit mediums of the Nigerian Hausa sometimes use Datura mete/ to induce a trance. This herb, rich in deliriant alkaloids, is an excellent tool for this purpose. Several other Datura preparations are ingested , sniffed, or smoked elsewhere in Africa for divinatory and initiatory purposes. Cover: Small mortar of the Congolese Bena Lulua, employed for grinding hemp and tobacco. Part of an African art exhibition (Collection Felix, Belgium) at the Afrika Museum in the Netherlands. See Peter A.G.M. DeSmet's article beginning on page 52. 0 HERBALGRAM is printed on recycled paper. 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 9 ABC NEWS tively priced at $49.95, making it an afford Brandon/Hill Recommends New able resource for a wide range of health pro fessionals and consumers. the German Commission f Expanded The editors added a "Quick Look" cross-referencing system for uses, duration Monographs for Medical Commission of use, contraindications, side effects, phar macological actions, interactions, pregnancy Libraries EBook and lactation, and taxonomy. ABC played a major role in the devel The Brandon/Hill selected list of books ABC is pleased to opment of this book. The following compa and journals for the small medical library has announce the comp nies provided support to ABC for the research listed the Complete German Commission E letion of Herbal Medicine-Expanded and editorial development of the book: Monographs-Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Commission E Monographs, edited by Mark Corporate Partners Medicines as one of the selections they rec Blumenthal, Alicia Goldberg, and Josef Enzymatic Therapy ommend with the following notations: Brinckmann. The book is being published Nature's Way "Suggested for initial purchase." and co-developed by Integrative Medicine PhytoPharmica "Minimal core list." Communications. This updated and ex Rexall Sundown To date, the list, which is now in its panded version of the core Commision E Stryka Botanies Co., Inc. 18th version, contains 627 books and 145 material is intended to enhance the value and Corporate Friends journals. Of the total number of books, 214 convenience of the monographs for quick Botanicals International are catego referral and everyday use. One hundred Capsugel rized as "ini twenty of the most popular monographs were Emil Flachsmann AG tial-purchase" selected based on those of interest to health Herbalife International, Inc. books, and professionals. MW International only 82 of The expanded monographs, accom NBTY, Inc. these are in panied by color photographs and references Triarco Industries, Inc. cluded in the (neither in the original book), include new The book (item #B 181 E) and CD (item "minimal core in-depth overviews that discuss history, re #Cl81E) can be ordered for $49.95 each list." cent clinical studies, safety issues, and qual from ABC on the automated order line, As indi ity standards. Expanded sections on chem 800/373-7105 , or on the Web at cated in the lat istry and pharmacology, current market data 10 HERBAlGRAM 47 1999 ABC NEWS Blumenthal Awarded Degree from Canadian Contributors to ABC's Capital Campaign College of Naturopathic The following companies and individuals have made and pledged Medicine contributions toward the Case Mill Capital Campaign Visionaries - $500,000 anrl greater On May 29, 1999, ABC Founder and Global Health Sciences* Executive Director Mark Blumenthal pre sented the ceremoni al address at the convo Architects - $100,000 to $499,999 cation of the Canadian College of Naturo pathic Medicine (CCNM) in Toronto. Dur Builders - $50,000 to $99,999 ing the ceremony, Blumenthal was awarded Enzymatic Therapy Pure W orld Botanicals an honorary diploma from the college in rec *ExtractsPius Connie and Julian Whitaker* ognition of his leadership in the herbal com *General Nutrition Centers (GNC) munity. The honorary diploma was onl y the third ever given by the college. Planners - $10,000 to $49,999 CCNM offers Canada's only four-year, AIIHerb.com MotherNature.com full-time professional program in naturo *American Ingredients LLC Nature's Bounty pathic medicine. Graduates receive a Doc * Bio Botanica Nature's Herbs* tor of Naturopathic Medicine (ND) diploma. *Botanicals International Nature's Way* Upon completion of the program, graduates Capsugel Pharmaton Natural Health Products Cosmopolitan Trad ing Stryka Botan ies Co. must successfull y complete the Naturopathic * East Earth Herbs Traditional Medicinals Physicians Licensing Examinations before *lndena USA Vicus .com, Inc.* beginning a practice. Whole Foods Market Founded in 1978, CCNM offered its first full-time Supporters - $5,000 to $9,999 program in AK Equipment Haworth Press 1983. In the past *Mark Blumenthal Henkel Corp three years, un TIIECANAOit\N L'U.LECiE ( )f Nt\TUROI'\o\TJ-•IK: MEI..:.:tNE City of Austin Lichtwer Pharma US, Inc. der the leader *Euromed Nutrilite, a division of Amway ship of president Fetzer Foundation White River Hardwoods ...... --·.. -- David Schleich, Franklin Publications, Inc. Janet Zand and Michael Marcus 1-k"l'fl~ll.) l\11.-rL... Llf NAT\.lll.-\1 ~IFPICIN[ the coll ege has ----·--· __._ ... -· grown to more - ·-" .... -· ._,.,_. ... Other Contributors than 400 stu Donald J. Brown, N.D., Celestial Seasonings, Chai-Na-Ta Corp., Chemco Industries, Inc., dents, with plans Flora Manufacturing & Distributors, Steven Foster, Fruit- to double the en- ful Yield,Healthnotes Online, Herb Ph arm, Herbs for rollment over Kids, Hilary's Distribution, Indiana Botanical Gardens, the next four Interweave Press, Jason Natural Products, Dr. and Mrs. years. In September 1999, the coll ege moved Steven R. King, Laboratories Mixim, M.W.International, to a new locati on, a 180,000 square-foot Metagenics, Natural Business Communications, building that formerly housed th e School of Nature's Pantry, NOW Foods, Pharmanex/NuSkin In ternational, Inc ., Pharmavite, Pharmline, Inc., PhytoMed Nursing. International, Mark Plotkin, Ph.D., Prince of Peace En CCNM has a cooperative educati onal terprises, Procter & Gamble, Pro Pac Labs, Pu re Gar, agreement with the new naturopathic school Quaker Oats Co., QBI - Quality Botanical Ingredients, at the University of Bridgeport in Bridgeport, Swedish Herbal Institute, Triarco, Trout Lake Farm , CT, and the National College of Naturopatruc Tsumura, Wakunaga of America, Inc., David Winston, Medicine in Portland, OR. - Rachael Jones Herbalist & Alchemist, Xylomed Research , Inc. * Multi-year pledge Historic Case Mill Homestead. Photo © 1999 Jon Jonietz. 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 11 ABC NEWS Howearth is uniquely qualified to assist ABC ABC Publishes New Aloe in accomplishing one of its longtime goals the development of a world-class botani cal Vera Booklet garden dedicated to medi cinal plants. This spring, Howearth worked with A me rican B ota nical Counc il is Lisa LaRousse, Garden Coordinator, and pleased to announce the completi on of our Rachel Hagan, Garden Assistant, staking out latest botani cal booklet, whi ch details one and pl anting nine of the 20 gardens planned of the top-selling he rbs in as the initial phase of the overall garden de the United States- Aloe sign. These include the winning designs ALOE (Aloe spp.). The bookl et, fro m a contest held last w inter (see AJoespp. a utho red by A li c ia Herba/Gram #44), an antioxidant garden, a Go ldbe rg (Associate nervine garden, a medieval medi cinal gar Editor: German Commis den, a medi cinal lily garden, a fragrance gar sion E Monographs and den, shade herb garden, purifying garden, the Botanical Safety Renowned Horticulturist rose garden, and children's garden. Also in Handbook), is an excel development are anatomy and internati onal lent complement to the Designs ABC Gardens cui sine gardens, including Mexican, Itali an/ 14 previous booklets in Mediterranean, Fre nch, Middle Eastern, th e seri es. The aloe plant ABC is proud to ac knowledge the Chinese, and East Indian/Southeast Asian. has an illustrious medi ci- cooperati on of Gabriel Howearth Landeros Vi sible dedi cati on opportunities fo r nal history world wide in designing the master pl an fo r its educa the gardens are avail able. One- to three-year and at present, modern uses are being fur ti onal gardens. Internati onall y known bota pledges can be made to th e Capital Cam ther investi gated. ni st and co-founder of Seeds of Change, paign that will enabl e the donor to place a The bookl et briefly describes the com Gabriel is th e founder and currentl y execu company or individual name on one of th ese mercial uses, botany, history, modern uses, ti ve director of Siempre Semillas A.C., a beauti ful gardens. Contact the development and chemi stry of the aloe plants. Two refer Mexican nonprofit organi zati on in Baja Cali offi ce fo r informatio n. C a ll Wayne enced secti ons hi ghlight studies conducted fornia Sur. The organi zati on operates the Si lverman, Ph.D., at 51 2/926-4900 or email on animal models as well as clinical trials Fundaci6n Ecol6gica Huerta Planetaria and 12 HERBAL GRAM 47 1999 ABC NEWS irrigate the medi cinal botanical gardens for of the ancient conservati on technique of col ABC ACTIVITIES: up to two weeks. lecting, channeling, and using rainwater. APRIL TH ROUGH AUGUST, 1999 AB C is currently seeking funding to In return for the city's support in thi s install the last two I 0,000-gallon storage effort, ABC agreed to continue to participate June 5- ABC at Case Mill Homestead tanks and associated equipment that will com in a seri es of tours designed to educate the hosted approximately 600 residents of the plete the system. The use of such rainwater Austin community on the benefits of ra in area during Austin 's Rain water Harvesting harvesting systems reduces the need for city water harvesting. - Rachae/ Jones Showcase. Four sites we re requested by the water for landscape irrigati on and makes use Ci ty of Austin to be open to the public. The Water Conservation Program di stributed in fo rmati onal literature. ABC demonstrated how the water coll ecti on system will keep Accredited Ethnobotanical Tours for the 2.5 acres of medi cinal botani cal gardens Healthcare Professionals fl ouri shing. Highlights of presentations, major In addition to its usual annual accredited ethnobotanical tours, ABC offers accredited papers and attendance by ABC Executive workshops for healthcare professionals. For information, mail or fax a request to Gayle Director Mark Blumenthal Engels, American Botanical Council, P. 0. Box 144345, Austin, TX 78714-4345. Fax 512/ Apr. 10 - Continuing Healthcare for 926-2345. Email HerbalGram mailing labels on a contract tributed." Including all the appearances and ABC History: basis from her home. In 1997, she began han speeches by Blumenthal, Thompson esti dling order processing full time and in 1998 mates that she sends materials to approxi ABC's Educational assumed the responsibilities she now has as mately 150 events each year. purchasing coordinator. Shari McMillan is According to Engels the two main Offerings Grow as the the newest hire in the order processing de purposes served by exhibiting at conferences Movement Grows partment and handles wholesale and distribu are exposure and fundraising. "We get ex tor orders for HerbalGram as well as cata posure to many people, including manufac The following is the fourth in a fi ve-part log orders. "I process, on average, 30 to 50 turers that are just beginning- people who series profiling ABC, its p eople, and orders per day, and talk to most of the cus are starting new herbal lines and really need its history. tomers who call in wanting to order from a the kind of technical information that is of real person," says McMillan. fered in the books in our catalog," says From a pocket-size pamphlet called Before and after the books are in the Engels. "We also meet many retailers who "Common Herbs" to an 8-day expedition to hands of the consumer, it's Lisa Perrone's have no idea that they can help educate their the Peruvian Amazon, the American Botani responsibility to make sure the customer is customers with our materials. Our Botani cal Council uses a broad array of methods to happy with their purchase. Dubbed "Pepper" cal Booklets and Common Herbs pamphlet uphold its mission to "educate the public on because she was the third "Lisa" hired at are the best, most economical means avail the use of herbs and phytomedicinals." De ABC, Perrone first came to ABC in May of able for educating the consumer on medici mand for these educational resources con 1998, when customer service was being in nal herbs." tinues to grow, while ABC strives to keep undated with calls about the then-forthcom Every year, some 80-100 pharmacists, up . ing The Complete German Commission E herb al medici ne practitioners, and physi Almost six years ago, ABC Founder Monographs. An initial 3,000 copies of the cians take advantage of ABC's accredited and Executive Director Mark Blumenthal de book had to be shipped immediately after field workshops. These ethnobotanical ex cided that HerbalGram readers could ben publication, a process which placed consid peditions are held in the Peruvian Amazon efit greatly by having access to the volumes erable pressure on customer service due to ("Pharmacy from the Rainforest"), Belize of herbal literature that he encountered in his the lag between the time the books were or and Tikal ("Rainforest, Reef and Ruins work at ABC. What began as a two-page dis dered and the time they were shipped. "I Workshop"), and South Africa ("Safari for play layout in HerbalGram is now the Herbal spent my first year-in addition to doing regu Health Care Professionals"). The trips gen Education Catalog-a 32-page, four-color lar customer service like selling books to erall y last from eight to I 4 days and include catalog offering books on scores of topics people over the phone and helping people all expenses. International Expeditions of ranging from aromatherapy to Zulu ethno figure out what they need--dealing with ques Helena, Ala. , takes care of the travel plan botany. tions and concerns surrounding the release ning and site accommodations. More than 300 titles are available of Commission E," says Perrone. "Now I "I think these trips are the most in through the catalog, including books, elec actually have time to help develop proce credibly exciting way that we help educate tronic items, third-party literature, and infor dures for the department." people about medicinal plants," says Engels, mation about continuing education accred Gayle Engels, manager of the sales who attended "Pharmacy from the ited modules and ethnobotanical tours. Ev department, has been with ABC for more Rainforest" last year. "You actuall y go to ery six months, ABC prints 100,000 copies than four years and has seen the department these faraway, exotic places and see the raw of the catalog and distributes them through through some hectic times of rapid growth plant material that drugs actuall y come from. HerbalGram, conferences and trade shows, and reorganization. "We currently have one You get to learn the ethnobotany- how the university classes, and when requested by of the most effective teams in our history," people who' ve li ved in those areas have used individual consumers. Herbal product dis says Engels. "They're all committed to do the plants over the years." - Rachael Jones tributors also get catalogs to include with ing a good job and they all work really well In the next and final installment of the their orders. together. Now, when orders come in, they ABC History, learn about the progress of the The catalog offerings are in a constant get processed, packed, and shipped within herb gardens, plans for expansion at the state of flux. Maintaining the inventory re 24 to 48 hours." Case Mill Homestead, the gardening staff, quires a high level of diligence and attention Lauren Thompson coordinates ABC's and ABC's growing community outreach ef on the part of Lisa Newton, who is in charge participation in various conferences and trade forts. of purchasing, and David Hitchcock, who shows throughout the year. "ABC exhibits handles inventory control and manages all at four major shows annually, and occasion the aspects of shipping and receiving. ally attends small er shows to test new mar Hitchcock bids shipping rates for customers kets," says Thompson. "When ABC is un all over the world in order to give them the able to send representatives to a particular lowest price possible. show or conference, we send various educa Newton began working for ABC ti onal and promotional materials to be di s- three years ago when she agreed to produce 14 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 HRF NEWS HRF Receives Three-yea r International Development Project Grant The Herb Research Foundation (HRF) roundtable for African natural products pro present for enhancing trade in African com has received funding to enter into a three ducers and international buyers, scheduled munities." year endeavor to promote trade of sustainably to take place in April 2000 in Cape Town, If you are interested in attending this produced herbs from Africa, in cooperation South Africa (see African Natural Products event or would like more details, please con with the South African Agricultural Research Network Roundtable story below). tact Margaret Blank at HRF: email Council, Purdue University, and the U.S. - Margaret Blank 1999 HERBAL GRAM 47 15 ORGANIZATION NEWS Consumerlab.com Begins Independent Testing of Herbal Products and Supplements - Certification Seal Announced ConsumerLab.com, William R. Obermeyer, Ph.D. , vice vites consumer groups, healthcare profes LLC, a startup company, president for research, directs sionals, researchers, government agencies, announced that it has be ConsumerLab.com's testing programs. Dr. manufacturers, and retailers to submit com gun a large-scale program Obermeyer was previously with the U.S. ments on its work to AH PA Appoints New President Michael McGuffin was appointed macopoeia and United Plant Savers. He was president of the American Herbal Products the Managing Editor of AHPA's Botanical Association (AHPA) effective August I , Safety Handbook ( 1997) and is the project SUBSCRIBE 1999. AHPA is the trade association repre manager for the revision of Herbs of Com senting over 200 manufacturers and market merce. The AHPA offices can be reached at Rates (U.S. funds only please) ers of herbs and herbal products. McGuffin 3011588-1171 or 16 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 ORGANIZATION NEWS INA Methods Validation Program by Rhonda Hess The In stitute for ucts Associati on (A HPA) hasen- Nutt. , E. pu1purea L.), and a fi n • utraceutical Advancement dorsed the INA kava method for gerprint identi fic ati on method rna INST ITUTE FOR NU TRACEUTIC Al AD VAN CE Mf:lifT (INA) is celebrating the first an- measurement of kavalactones by fo r St. John 's wort (Hypericum ni versary of the Methods Valida- hi gh-perfom1ance liquid chroma pe1joratu m L.). Methods are in from a marketing-based indu stry lion Program (MVP). To bring tography (HPLC) . Gary Fri ed progress fo r fa tty acids and phy to a more unified sc ience-based consistency to the testing of bo- man, of th e AHPA Kava Com tosterols in saw palmetto (Ser industry." Echoin g Mr. tani cal raw material s, MVP vali- mittee and manag ing partner of enoa rep ens Bartram) and Petteruti 's comments, Greg Ri s, dates and di stributes anal ytical Cos mopolitan Trading, ex di anthrones in St. John 's wort. Y.P. of Sales of Indena USA , said methods for testing marker com- pl ained: "ln the past, th ere was (See chart. ) "lndena has been at the forefront pounds in common herbs of com- so much confusion ove r testing The Methods Evaluati on of increasing industry standards merce. (See HerbalGram No. 46, methods for kavalactones that it Program has received strong sup for many years; we are pleased page 13.) was becoming impossible to do port from members of the herb to be part of a program th at Industry res ponse to thi s business. It was apparent th at we industry. Mike Petteru ti , Advi brin gs togeth er many of th e important scientific endeavor has needed to get everyo ne on the sory Committee representati ve industry's leaders to disc uss el been tremendous. INA Science same page . Through cooperation fo r Folexco/East Earth Herb , evating standards and ethi cs." Di rector Mark Lange, Ph .D., between IN A and th e AHPA commented on INA's importance The MVP's ori ginal goa l commented, "The United States Kava Committee, a hi ghl y acc u in th e industry: "From the begin is to validate 15 botani cal meth Pharmacopoeia is interested in rate and afford able protocol has nin g, our interest in the IN A ods for the most common herbs publi shing INA methods in the been validated. " Meth ods Valid ati on Program of commerce; however, th ere is USP/NF (U.S. Ph armacopeia/ Thus far, INA has success was to take a logical first step now interest in continuing th e National Formulary) because the full y validated and published six toward demonstrating th at North prog ram be yo nd two years to methods have been validated in meth ods: Ginkgosides and Ameri can botani cal suppli ers develop test methods fo r botani multiple labs and have general in- ginkgo! ides in ginkgo (Ginkgo and manu fac turers are taking re cals entering the market. I A dustry support. Many IN A meth- biloba L.), ginsenosides in gin sponsibil ity to provide quality has new sc ience projects in the ads will be submitted to USP for seng (Panax quinquefolius L. and products. Consumers often have plann ing phase. For more infor publiccomment, andUSP can act P. g inseng C. A. Meyer), the impression that the North mati on on I A and th e Methods as an avenue fo r future method kavalac tones in kava (Piper American botanical marketpl ace Va li dati on Program, see th e revisions as our scientific under- methysticum Forst. ), phenoli cs is less establi shed than that in we bsite Summary of Progress on Validations (August 9, 1999) Method Call for Review of Perform Data Perform Method I Method Methods Methods Validation I Review I Validation Submitted Submitted to to USP AOAC G in kgosides -J -J -J -J -J -J I G in kgolides -J -J -J -J -J -J G in seng -J -J -J -J -J I SJW ID -J -J -J -J -J SJW-Hyperi cin/ -J -J -J -J -J Pseudohyperic in I Kava -J -J -J -J -J -J -J Ech inacea -J -J -J -J -J -J -J Sa w Pal metto I -J -J -J -J -J -J Fatty Acids I I Saw Palmetto I -J -J -J Sterols Bla ck Cohosh -J -J Grape Seed -J -J denotes a step completed; SJW is St. John 's Wort 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 17 ORGANIZATION NEWS AHPA-supported legislation Signed by Washington State Governor Governor Gary Locke of these products fai led to dis Association's Liquid Extracts the Revised Washington Code signed new legislation in April close the presence of alcohol. Committee, established commu wi ll classify dietary supplements that clarifies that herbal supple Responding to these concerns nication with LCB staff and that contain alcohol and are fit ments in the form of liquid ex from ATF in January 1998, the board members in Olympia in for beverage use as exempt from tracts are exempt from the state Washington State Liquor Control May 1998, working with the the state definition of "liquor," definition of liquor. The legisla Board (LCB) began removing agency's legislative liaison, so long as they are appropriately tion was proposed in response to extracts from specialty, conve Rick Garza, to shepherd the en labeled. Alcohol content in any concerns in late 1997 about the nience, and health and natural suing bill through the State Con amount greater than one-half mislabeling of some extract food stores. gress. Their testimony to the percent is required to be dis products, primarily those sold in Passage of this legislation commerce committees of the closed on product labeling in small vials and that the Federal was due to a cooperative effort Senate and the House aided in conformity with federal labeling Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and by government and industry rep unanimous passage by both bod- regulations . Michael Firearms (ATF) had determined resentatives. This author, Chair ies. McGuffin to be fit for beverage use. Many of American Herbal Product Effective Ju ly 15 , 1999, Minnesota Pharmacists Association Forms Herbal Task Force The Minnesota Pharma task force is organized into "fo Center will use grant money to studies, use of local plants, and cists Association (MPhA) cus" workgroups including purchase evidence-based refer workgroup focusing on a trip formed an herbal task force in publications focus groups, Con ence materials that will be avail to Germany. Contact Rita May 1998 in response to the con tinuing Education, product se able to pharmacists for their re Tonkinson at 651/697-1771, 800/ fusion brought about by the ex lection, herb file, and reference view during MPhA's regular 451-8349 or I NEW LOOK. NEW LINKS. I www.herbalgram.org We have completely revamped our web site to provide you with even more up-to-date, accurate, scientifically-based information on herbal medicine. Visit our new site today and see herbs in a whole new way! • General herbal information and FAQs • Related sites and events lvv\ERIGAN • Ethnobotanical tours BOTfoJ\JICAL • Herbal Education Catalog COUNCIL • Media and press releases 18 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 GRANTS AND AWARDS Brevoort Receives Business leadership Award Peggy Brevoort, president try." Brevoort was honored for dustry and Chairman of ofFolexco/East Earth Herb (now her signifi cant labors in building Smucker's Qu ality Beverages: A.M. Todd Botanicals), received a successful company, her wo rk and Matt Patsky, Adams the 1999 Natural Business Com as former president of AHPA , Harkn ess & Hill investment munications "Leadership in and her tireless efforts in promot bankers, an ori ginal analyst rec Business" award at the Third An ing the herb trade. ognized for hi s work in forming nual Natural Business Financial, Three oth er indi viduals bridges between industry and In vestment and Market Trends were also honored for contribu the financial community. Conference in Berkeley, Califor tions and leadership in the natu - Barbara A. Johnston nia . The award is given "i n rec ral and organi c prod ucts market: [Burdick M. Personal cor ognition of outstanding leader John Mac ke y, Chairman of respondence. Au g. 3, 1999. ship and excel lence in the natu Whole Foods Market; Bill Hoffman S. Personal cor ral and organic product indus- Knudsen, pioneer in organi c in- respondence. Aug. 5.'1999 .] ACEER Receives Conservation Award The Amazon Center for Peruvian Amazon. 4 mile in length-the ACEER Environmental Edu cation and Among other projects, it longest of its kind in Research (ACEER) Foundation operates the ACEER field sta the Western Hemisphere. The Expeditions. A plaque was pre has been selected to receive a tion, an education and research field station also includes th e Dr. sented to ACEER at the 1999 1999 Associati on of Zoological facility situated in 250,000 acres Alwyn H. Gentry Laboratory, AZH Conference in Horticulture Conservation of pristine tropical rainforest Useful Pl ant Trail , meeting San Di ego in Septemb er in Award for its work in plant con three hours northeast by boat space, and overnight accommo recognition of the award. servation. ACEER is a U.S. and from Iquitos, Peru. The site dation s, and is the location for a ABC Executive Director Peruvian nonprofit organization boasts the ACEER Canopy portion of the Peruvian ethnobo Mark Blumenthal and Trustee fo unded in 199 1 to provid e Walkway, suspended in the tree tanical tour sponsored each year James A. Duke, Ph .D. , are both rainforest education and research tops more than I 00 feet above by ABC, the Texas Ph arm acy members of the ACEER Board. facilities and programs in the the ground and approximately 1/ Foundati on, and International - Barbara A. Johnston Burroughs Wellcome Fund Grant Awarded to lewis tives in Mal ari a Research." Dr. vided through the Intern ati onal toxicity. Dr. Lewis has also iden Lewis, Profe ssor of Biology, Cooperative Biodi versity Group tified leads for the OJ pathogens Washington Uni versity and Senior proj ect in whi ch solid prelimi Cryp tosporidium and Toxo Botanist, Mi ssouri Botanical Gar nary data were obtained at plasma. In vivo studies , "classi den, will work on new antima nanomolar inhibitory levels us cal" drug development studies, larial drug leads he di scovered ing both chl oroquine sensitive and medicinal chemi stry will be from ethn omedicall y se lected and resistant falciparum strains, supported by the BWF award. plants for treatment of malaria. we wou ld not have been able to The fund provides $400,000 di Dr. Lewis said, "I under initi ate thi s research in co ll abo rect costs stru1ing in August 1999 stand th at the Review Committee rati on with Dr. Dan Goldberg in th e "New Initiatives in believed that our approach iden (Washington Uni vers ity Medical Malaria Research" program. tifying targeted antimalarial plants School) and now extend it to in - Barbara A. Johnston used by the Aguaruna people [of clude Dr. Wil Milhous (Walter [Fairfield AS. NIH. May Walter Lewis, Ph .D., with Peru and Ecuador] was an impor Reed Army Institute of Re 5, 1999. two fe ll ow sc ientists, was tant new initi ati ve. It was one of search)." Lewis W. Personal com awarded a four- year grant from two grants ful ly funded by the A number of these leads munication. July 15 . 1999.] the Burroughs Wellcome Fund BWF under their program. are potent at nanogram levels in (BWF) program in "New Initia- "Without the fund s pro- vitro and show no host cell cyto- 1999 HERBAL GRAM 47 19 GRANTS AND AWARDS Mabry Receives Pergamon Phytochemistry Prize phytochemi stry. The pri ze was tochemical class ics, Sesquiter offi ciall y presented to Dr. Mabry pene Lactones and The System thi s July in Amsterdam at an in atic Identification of Flavonoids, ternational conference entitled standard references still widely "2,000Years of Natural Products cited in the literature. Research - Past, Present, and A popular lecturer at con Future." fere nces and congresses, Dr. Mabry's di stingui shed ca Mabry also organi zed and served reer has been concerned with th e as the first President of the Phy structural identification of many tochemical Socie ty of North University of Texas pl ant different pl ant products. In hi s America. His previous award s chemi stry professor Dr. Tom J. 35 years at the Uni versity of include a Guggenheim Fell ow Mabry has been awarded th e Foster's 101 Texas at Austin, he characteri zed ship, the Al exander von Pergamon Phytochemistry Prize several hundred fl avonoids and Humboldt Senior Scienti st Prize, Medicinal Herbs fo r 1998 in recognition of hi s sesquiterpene Jactones and de and th e American Chemi cal So "sustained and outstanding con ve loped their use as markers in ciety nati onal award for the "Ap Receives Awards tributions," including more th an the field of biochemi cal system pli cati on of Chemi stry to Food 800 publicati ons and a dozen 10 1 Medicinal Herbs: An ati cs. Among hi s many publica and Agri culture." - Dawnelle books. This annual internati onal Illustrated Guide, by Steven Fos ti ons, he co-authored two phy- Malone ter, has won first place in the prize is the hi ghest awarded in 1999 Inde pe nde nt Publisher Book Awards in the Health/ Medi cine category and a Silver Native American Botanies Awarded USDA Grant Medal in the 1999 Be nj amin Franklin Awards in the Health Nati ve Ameri can Botan dressing scientific probl ems that Gui llermo Quirogan is a mem category. The Independent Pub ies, a new ative A me ri can benefit the public, especiall y the ber of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe of li she r Book Awards attracted owned and operated enterprise, Ameri can Indian community and Ari zona. He and hi s partn er, I ,293 entries from 645 indepen was awarded a $62,000 grant reservati on economies. The Vi ce-President and Chief Devel dent publishers across the United from the U. S. Department of company pl ans to establish op opment Officer Anita Hayden, States. The Benjamin Franklin Agri culture. The herbal di etary portunities for Native Ameri cans won first place in the Uni versity Awards are sponsored by th e supplement start-up was chosen through joint venture partner of Arizona's 1998 BLR Data Publishers' Marketing Associa as one of approximately 70 small ships, equity investment, produc Business Plan Competition whi le tion and celebrate excell ence in business firms, from a field of ti on development, and health graduate students there. The firm editori al and design fo r titles over 400, with promising scien pro motional partnerships with is currentl y reviewin g sites in published in 1998. tifi c research capability. Indian tribes thro ughout orth, conjuncti on with th e Pascua Steven Foster has written The award will advance South, and Central America. Yaqui Tribe o f Arizona. nine books on the subject of the new venture in marketing Preside nt a nd CEO - Dawnelle Malone herbs, including the Field Guide herbal supplements whil e ad- to Medicinal Plants for Eastern and Central United States (with Dr. James A. Duke) (ABC cata Herbalist and Alchemist, Inc., Receives USDA Grant log #096, $26) and Echinacea: Na tu re's Immune Enhancer Herbali st and Alchemi st, a li st and Alchemist's network of he rbs such as echinacea (ABC Catalog #B346, $8.95). Inc., an herbal extract company organi c farmers on the project, (Echinacea angustifolia) and 101 Medicinal Herbs: An located in Washington, New Jer which runs from May 15 , 1999, go ldenseal (Hydrastis can Illustrated Guide, with full-color sey, has received a $65 ,000 to November 30, 1999. adensis), and to test enhanced photography of I 0 I herbs, offers Small Business Innovati on Re The study has two goals: extraction meth ods that produce a visual reference to identify ing search Grant from the U.S . De to determine th e necessary grow a constituent profil e closest to the most frequently used herbs partment of Agriculture. They ing conditions that will yield th at of the traditiona l w ild for health and healing. The book will be working with th e Center simil ar chemistry in culti vated c rafted plant - Dawnelle is avail able fro m the ABC for Advanced Food Technology pl ants as compared to over-har Malone Cata log #B 394 . $ 19 .95 . at Rutgers Uni versity and Herb- vested wild Native Ameri can Barbara A. Johnston 20 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 HERB BLURBS Coffee and Chocolate, the New Health Foods cao) surpasses both green tea In a study performed by inergic pathway in the brain, (Camellia sinensis) and garlic Vinson on hamsters, coffee con thereby enhancing mood. (Allium sativum) as a protective sumption reduced lipid oxidation The Aztec, who drank great antioxidant food. According to in the blood by 30 percent. Lipid calabashes fi lled with unsweet Vinson, a 40 gram bar of milk oxidation in blood is well estab ened chocolate (Theobroma) and chocolate contains approxi lished as a primary factor in car dubbed it the food of the gods, mately 300 mg of polyphenols, diovascular disease. Still more and Middle Eastern coffee drink dark chocolate contains double positive information on caffeine ers who revered that dark, mys that amount, and cocoa powder has emerged from the University terious beverage centuries ago for weighs in at a whopping l ,200 of Bristol in England, where Pro its reviving effects were both onto CoHee, Coffea spp., and milligrams. His work on choco fessor Andrew P. Smith has con something. For despite a perva Chocolate, Theobroma cacao. late was conducted in conjunc ducted a meta-analysis on this sive cultural attitude of Calvinist Photo© Jon Jonietz 1999 . tion with the American Cocoa much-maligned alkaloid and its origin that anything that feels Research Institute of Maclean, effects on the brain and behav good must therefore be the devil 's Research presented at the Virginia. ior. Reviewing more than 10 work, modem science validates March 1999 meeting of the As if this information years of scientific literature, the ancient reverence toward cof American Chemical Society weren't sufficient to infuriate Smith and his colleagues con fee and chocolate. 1 Perhaps a sheds light on coffee and choco detractors, yet more research firmed what hundreds of millions cafe mocha a day keeps the doc late as far more beneficial than sheds light on the healthful ben of satisfied caffeine drinkers tor away! - Chris Kilham the villainous dietary substances efits of these widely criticized have known all along; consump Chris Kilham is a medicine they've been portrayed to be. As foods. Vinson, along with tion of caffeine improves alert hunter and the author of ten part of ongoing chemical analy Harold Schmitz, a chemist at ness and mental concentration. books, including Kava, Medicine sis of natural products at the M&M Mars, has found in cocoa At the French National In Hunting in Paradise. University of Scranton in Penn a concentration of procyanidin stitute of Health and Medical sylvania, chemistry professor monomers and dimers, the same Research, Astrid Nehlig echoes 1. Schivelbusch W. Tastes Joseph Vinson presented work antioxidant agents that make up Smith's findings. At around 300 of Paradise, A Social History of showing that coffee ( Coffea spp.) oligomeric proanthocyanidins, milligrams per day, she found, Spices, Stimulants and Intoxi is the top source of beneficial also found in Pycnogenol®, a caffeine improves mood, vigi cants. New York: Vintage Books; antioxidant polyphenols in the complex antioxidant matrix with lance, alertness, and an overall 1993. adult American diet, and that a long history of clinical study sen e of well being. Caffeine cocoa powder (Theobroma ca- as an anti-oxidant. appears to work on the dopam- Veggie Electronics: Have a Byte of Spinach Spinach, the vegetable that said Elias Greenbaum, group ment of finding other scientists most people prefer to consume leader for the experiment. who are working in the same ar- as a salad green, shows exciting "We're not talking about devel eas. possibilities for the world of opment or manufacturing of de "It's a dream," she com electronics, according to re vices that are going to replace mented. The plant material is searchers at the Oak Ridge a silicon technology. The chal washed, cut up, and placed in a tional Laboratory in Tennessee. lenge is, can we extract them blender to be pulverized. The water is then strained from the In theory, microscopic protein from their natural environment Spinach, Spinacia oleracea. structures from spinach leaves and reconstruct them to work" pulp resulting in a usable prod uct for purification and experi Photo © l 999 Steven Foster. (Spinacia oleracea) might some the same way in useful electroni c mentation. day find use in optical comput devices. Such natural protein D r. Lee's answer to [Lane E. Byte of Spinach ers, solar cells, artificial retinas, structures offer several potential HerbalGram's question, "Why with Your Chips? Austin Ameri and other devices that convey the advantages, including smaller spinach?" was that leaves from can-Statesman. April 10, 1999. radiant energy of light into elec size and probably faster response pea plants and others that have a Lee I. Personal commu trical outputs. These proteins are times than today's circuits, that minimum of fiber to discard nication. April27, 1999. part of the plant's photosynthetic are etched into silicon-based could be used. Other scientists Lee I, JW Lee, E machinery for converting sun computer chips. who are experimenting in the Greenbaum. Progress Towards light into chemical energy and Ida Lee, Ph.D., regards purifying process have used a Spinach-Based Optoelectronic can generate a light-induced flow this project as "really research of spinach, providing a base of Device. Synopsis of a paper pre of electricity in a few trillionths the future, working in the logic/ knowledge from which to pro sented at the American Physical of a second. computer arena and photo sensi ceed with further experimenta Society. March 21 , 1999.] "This is basic science," tivity." She expressed the excite- tion . - Barbara A. Johnston 1999 HERB ALGRAM 47 21 RESEARCH AND WORLD NEWS The group visited Rio Frio Falls, ca perative they learn that healing involves Students Study Herbs in noed the Maca! River, explored the Chaa much more than drugs and surgery. Under Creek Nature Reserve on horseback, and vis standing the importance of natural products Belize Rainforests ited the ancient Mayan ruins of Xanuatunich, and natural therapies, prayer, massage, and Cahal Pech, and the greatest Mayan city of herbal bathing can do wonders in making For the fourth consecutive year, stu all-Tikal, located in Guatemala. them better health practitioners. SRF be dents from pharmacy and pre-medical One of the highlights of the 8-day field lieves that the environmental consciousness schools at Duquesne University and the Uni study and expedition was collecting her the students gain is an invaluable experience. versity of Pittsburgh traveled to the barium samples with traditional healers at the SRF recognizes that the rainforest is the rainforests of Belize, Central America, to Terra Nova medicinal plant reserve. study plant medicine and Mayan healing with Terra Nova ("new earth") is a 6,000- world-renowned herbalist, Dr. Rosita Arvigo. acre protected area of diverse topogra The 26 students on the May 1999 expedition phy and subtropical rainforest that is traveled with the non-profit, educational or home to a wide range of important ganization, the Student Rainforest Fund medicinal flora. (SRF). At Terra Nova the students This writer founded the SRF in 1995. worked closely with Dr. Arvigo, her He has traveled with the American Botani husband, Dr. Greg Shropshire, local cal Council on ethnobotany trips to Peru, midwife and healer, Mrs. Beatrice Costa Rica, Belize, and Kenya. Vice-presi Waight, and Polo Romero, a noted dent of the SRF is Norbert Pilewski, Ph.D., bushmaster. Herbarium samples of professor of pharmacognosy at Duquesne, various plants were collected, num who also accompanies the student group each bered, and prepared. Later in the week Natural Pharmacist Dan Wagner exploring year to Belize. the students got to work with some of Terra Nova Forest Preserve with traditional This year the students spent three days the plant samples in the laboratory at healer and snakemaster Polo Romero. with Dr. Arvigo at Ix Chel Tropical Research Ix Chel Farm. Photo© 1999 Dan Wagner. Centre in the forests of western Belize. They Both Dr. Arvigo and Mrs. Waight took classes in Mayan medicine and a lab are members of the SRF Distinguished Board world's greatest classroom, and exposing practicum on preparing herbal tinctures and of Advisors. Three other SRF board mem them to ethnobotany can give them a greater other preparations. An ethnobotanical work bers accompanied the students to Belize this appreciation of the power and magnificence shop was set up so the students could work year. Vice-president Dr. Norbert Pilewski has of plants and the human connection to them. with local traditional healers and midwives made the trek to Belize for four straight years. Donations to the Student Rainforest skilled in the knowledge and use of local Attending for the first time were Steve Mor Fund help support continued travels to the plant medicines. They also walked the fa ris, N.D., an herbalist and naturopath from world's remaining rainforests, and further mous Panti Medicine Trail, named in honor Seattle, and Harlan Lahti, R.Ph., chairman exposure and advanced studies in ethno of Mayan shaman, Eligio Panti, who died of Sisu Enterprises, Vancouver, B.C. Sisu is botany for many American college students. three years ago at the age of I 03. a primary sponsor of the SRF program. SRF SRF, P.O. Box 238, Wildwood, PA. 15091. board members not at Phone: 412/486-4588, or check out the SRF tending this year in website 22 HERBAL GRAM 47 1999 RESEARCH AND WORLD NEWS consumers in thi s country should be cautious parts, and minerals that are mixed into tab Study Finds Steroids in until there are adequate regulati ons of herbal lets, pills, liquids, or creams and used for a products imported from Asia. Consumers variety of illnesses. The Food and Drug Chinese Herbal Creams should insist on information regarding ingre Branch of the Californi a Department of dients before purchasing these treatments, Health Services collected the samples from Traditional Chinese herbal creams, which often come in unlabeled containers, he retail (mostly Chinese and ethnic) herb stores. marketed for skin di sorders such as eczema, said. The samples were analyzed to determine their may contain potentially harmful concentra "I believe that herbal products should safety and to educate the public about their tions of steroids, according to a study in the be held to the same safety standards as all potential dangers. The herbal product indus May issue of the Western Journal of Medi other pharmaceuticals. Specifically, manu try in the U.S. is approaching $4 billion in cine (WJM). facturers should be required to submit to the annual retail sales4 and growing at 18 per Researchers at King's College Hospi FDA evidence of safety (and efficacy where cent a year,5 Bent said. And in Cali fornia, tal in London found that several of these it exists) before products can be sold. These there is a particul arly strong presence of tra creams, obtained from patients at a derma tests should include a minimum of heavy ditional Chinese medicine. tology clinic, contained a synthetic steroid metals and microbial contaminants testing as "There is a clear need to improve the called dexamethasone. This steroid was well as documentation of product consistency. safety testing of herbal products and other added to the creams and is not a natural sub Prior animal and human studies of specific remedies sold as nutritional supplements in stance found in herbs. Among 11 creams ana products should be submitted, and there the United States," Bent said . "I think we will lyzed, eight contained the steroid, unbe should be better systems for post-marketing see a move towards federal requirements for knownst to the patients who were using them. survei ll ance to detect side effects, drug-herb documenting the safety of these products be The concentrations of dexamethasone ex interactions, and herb-herb interactions once fo re they are sold ." - Barbara A. Johnston ceeded levels considered safe for use on the products are on the market. Herbs are not I. BW HealthWire. May 19, 1999. face or on children. inherently safe, and numerous side effects 2. BentS. Adu lterants in herbal prod Dr. Stephen Bent, a clinical research have been reported. Therefore, the govern ucts: dangerous and deceitful. WJM. 1999 fellow at the University of California San ment must protect consumers from danger May;l70:259. Francisco, said th at while the sampling in the ous products before they are sold, not after 3. Bent S. Personal communication. study was small, the findings are alarming. side effects are found." Jul y 13 , 1999. Steroid creams may have damaging side ef Earlier studies have indicated that some 4. Brody JE. Americans gamble on fects, including thinning and scarring of the Chinese herbal creams, without steroids, may herbs as medicines. New York Times. Feb skin that may be irreversible, he said. For that indeed be effective in treating eczema, but ruary 9, 1999:D I. reason, steroid creams are rarely used on the more research is needed, he added. "The prac 5. Canedy D. Real medicine or medi face. tice of adding hidden, ac ti ve ingredients not cine show? Growth of herbal remedy sales In addition, steroids in creams may be only endangers patients, but clouds our abil raised issues about value. New York Times. absorbed through the skin into the blood ity to identify herbal treatments that may be July 23, 1999:D 1-04.] stream and lead to problems such as os beneficial," he said. teoporosis, diabetes, muscle wasting, in In the U.S., most herbal products are creased susceptibility to infections, and in sold as dietary supplements and don't require terference with the body's normal hormonal approval by the FDA before they are mar balance, Bent said. Long-term use of steroids keted or sold in stores. However, creams and can also lead to a variety of mood disorders other topical products are not by defi nition AMERICAN including depression, insomnia, and psycho dietary supplements, they are either cosmet sis. ics or drugs. "There are no standard tests re BOTANICAL "Steroid creams certainly can be used quired to document safety," Bent said . "This for eczema, but only when administered by is in sharp contrast to the standards fo r drugs a doctor who can prescribe doses that are not and it is a real problem for the consumer." COUNCIL dangerously hi gh and for limited periods," Bent, a researcher at UCSF's Osher said Bent, who wrote a commentary that ac Center for Integrati ve Medicine, said that a companies the study in WJM. recent study of 260 As ian patent medicines "Clearly, thi s dose of steroid can be sold in California herb stores found that 32 ON-LINE dangerous for patients, especially if used on percent contained unlabeled pharmaceuticals the face or on children, as was the case in or contaminants such as lead, mercury, and this report. The dose of steroids fo und in thi s arseni c. study would have required a prescription in Asian patent medicines are a type of www. herbalgram .org the United States." traditional Chinese remedies made of mul Although creams in the U.S. weren't tiple products including herbs, pl ants, animal abc@herbalgram .org analyzed as part of the study, Bent believes 1999 HERB ALGRAM 47 23 RESEARCH AND WORLD NEWS Texas Medical Association Sets Standards for Physicians ln an effort to for which there is support within the peer-reviewed scientific litera be proactive and ture or generally accepted methods. pass a law to protect Probably the most pertinent item from the present legal and TexasMedical its physician mem regulatory standpoint is the wording included in Section 200.2, Prac bers from being pe tice Guidelines for the provision of Integrative and Complementary Association nalized for practic Medicine. "A licensed physician shall not be found guilty of unpro ing alternative thera fessional conduct or be found to have committed professional fai l pies, the Texas State ure to practice medicine in an acceptable manner solely on the basis Board of Medical of employing a therapy that is nontraditional or departs from the Examiners (TSBME) passed a set of Standards for Physicians Prac prevailing medical practices unless it can be demonstrated that the ticing Integrative and Complementary Medicine in late 1998. Rather therapy has a safety risk for the patient that is unreasonably greater than establish the policy by statute which would require changes by than the prevailing treatment." state legislature, the policy was established by board rul e. Texas The Standards outline the guidelines to be followed by the was the first state to address th e entire issue of complementary medi TSBME in determining whether a physician's conduct violates medi cine. Other states, including Alaska, Washington, and Oregon, have cal practices in providing integrative or complementary medical treat addressed the issue in part. ment. Among the reasons for development of the rules were the As outlined in th e Standards, the purpose is "to recognize that findings of the Eisenberg study that showed that 40 percent of the physicians should be all owed a reasonable and responsible degree population sought alternative care and that without rul es, patients of latitude in the kinds of th erapies they offer their patients. The and physicians mi ght not feel comfortable addressing th ese issues. Board also recognizes that patients have a right to seek integrati ve For a complete text of the standards, see the website at or complementary therapies." Doctors Seek Strong Policy on Dietary Aids The American Medical Asso The report recognized the potential patient benefit of physi ciation (AMA) voted in June to es cians being able to provide health-related products for their patients. tablish voluntary guidelines for phy Guidelines were recommended designed to limit conflicts of inter sicians who sell non-prescription, est, minimize the ri sk of brand endorsement, and ensure a focus on health-related products from their of benefi ts to patients. For information on these guidelines and cover fices. A year ago, the AMA ethics age of this part of th e AMA Annual Meeting, see 24 HERBAL GRAM 47 1999 RESEARCH AND WORLD NEWS $3 Million Deal launches Major Hunt for Drug leads in Brazil The pharmaceutical multinational company Glaxo Well come with the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversit y, which and a small Brazilian biotechn ology company signed a $3.2 million spec ifi es th at the interests of local communities must be taken into contract last week to screen up to 30,000 compounds of plant, fun account. gal, and bac terial origin from several regions in Braz il. The initia "With both Braz il 's new patent law and the country's rich tive is described as the world's largest natural product sampling and biodi vers ity, the moment is now appropriate to inves t in Brazil ian screening program. As part of the three-year deal, the companies sc ience," said Padraic Ward, Glaxo's manager for business develop have agreed that one-quarter of any royalties arising from success ment in Latin America. Antonio Paes de Carvalho, Extracta's direc full y ex ploited patents will be used to support community-based con tor-general and a biophys ics professor at the Federal Uni vers ity of servati on, health, and education projects. Thi s reflects recent heated Ri o de Janeiro, said Brazilian researchers often complain th at multi debates over how compensation should be paid by companies that nationals do not in vest in local research. "This contract opens the develop products from plants in biodiversity-rich countries (King, way for similar companies to join other university centers," he said. 1999). According to Jorge Raimondo, Glaxo's regional director for "It is the beginning of a change in attitude." Paes de Carva lho Latin America, a further 25 percent of the royalties will go to the said the Gl axo-Extracta contract is different from the $ 1 million university group responsible for isolating and identifying the prod screening deal signed a few years ago by Merck and Costa Ri ca's uct in question. Glaxo Wellcome wi ll pay for all research and de INBIO. In contrast to that ag reement, scienti sts in Brazi l wi ll wo rk velopment costs in Brazil. The research will focus on compounds on th e identificati on of molecules and the study of th eir bi ological found in the Amazonian and Atlantic rainforests, and Glaxo Wellcome properties, rather than just process ing pl ant ex tracts for analysis wi ll ha ve an option to license any product arising fro m it. Raimondo abroad. According to Raimondo, Glaxo is particul arl y interested in said the agreement reflects the company's view that, despite the in molecules with potenti al antibioti c, anti -infl ammatory, and anti fu n creasing use of combin atorial chem istry to screen large quantities of gal properties. Paes de Carvalho says that one of hi s goals is to artific iall y synthesized molecules, there is still much to be learned create a data bank of all the sa mpl es and molecul es sc reened. from traditional remedies. "One of our main interests, for example, - Ricardo Bonalume Neto and David Dickson. Additional mate is the way that some of these compounds control pain." rial by Barbara A. Johnston Offi cials from Glaxo and the Brazilian company, Extracta, [Bonalume Neto R, Dickson D. $3 m deal launches major hunt point out th at the ag reement has been made possible by-and con for drug leads in Braz il. Nature. 1999;400(6742):302. form s with-new legislation on intell ectual property introduced in KingS. Personal communicati on with Barbara Johnston . Sept. Brazil after a fierce political debate on the protection of genetic ma 24, 1999.] teri al (See Nature 392, 538; 1998). They said that it also conforms Papua New Guinea Forms Institute of Biodiversity The Papua New Guinea Government National Executive with conducting research and development into the management of Council recentl y announced the formation of the PNG Institute of the country's natural biodive rsi ty. Each of the participat ing institu Biodiversity (PfNBio), to ensure that the potential use of the country's ti ons or agencies will have its own coll aborating partners to imple rich biodi ve rsity and wealth of traditional knowledge is full y ex ment particular PI Bio projects and programs. Interested organiza plored for the use and protection by Papua New Guineans. Among ti ons may obtain information from Dr. Teatul ohi Matainaho at the the mi ss ions of PI Bio will be the promotion of biodiversity pros Uni versi ty of Papua ew Guinea. Ph: 675/324-3822. pecting through bioprospecting agreements. Organi zations inter Fax : 675/325-0809. Email Order Now for Herbal Medicine-Expanded Comm EMonographs December Delivery! Edited by Blumenthal, Goldberg, Brinckmann This new and updated reference is based on the original renowned Also available Commission Etranslation by the American Botanical Council on CD ROM S499S • New in-depth overviews with clinical research • Expanded sections on chemistry and pharmacology for only 549 95 Plus Shi pping • More on dosage and administrations Plus Shipping • Item #(1 81E Item # B181E • Full color photos 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 25 The HERB REsEARCH FOUNDATION provides accurate up-to-date scientific information on the health benefits of herbs. Our members include the public, health professionals, researchers, and herb industry manufacturers. Anyone can access HRF information services - call (303) 449-2265. And .:~apport the organization that euucateJ the world about herb.:~ HRF is internationally recognized as a leading source of current scientific information on botanicals. We advocate worldwide plant conservation and sustainable cultivation, and are instrumental in educating legislators and the media about the health benefits and safety of herbs. HRF DEPENDS ON MEMBER S UPPORT TO MEET ITS GOALS. PLEASE JOIN US IN SUPPORTING THE FUTURE OF BOTANICAL MEDICINE! Member.~bip Benefit.J • Subscription to Her6alGram or HerbJ for Health (or both) HERB • H~rb Re.1earch NewJ, our quarterly newsletter RESEARCH • Discounts on all Information Services • Special benefits for higher level supporters FOUNDATION Better wor/3 health through the informeiJ LMe of herh«~ 1007 Pearl Street, Suite 200, Boulder CO 80302 USA (800) 748-2617 www.herbs.org RESEARCH REVIEWS Garlic, cline in plaque vol ume observed in women taking garlic remains a Allium sativum. "genuine garlic effect." Photo © 1999 Based on this study and more than 20 others conducted on Steven Foster. standardized powdered garlic, researchers believe that garlic can have not only a preventative but also a curative role in heart disease. Pre vious studies demonstrate that powdered garli c reduces total and Standardized harmful LDL cholesterol levels, serum triglycerides, and blood pres sure, and also inhibits cholesterol oxidation and platelet aggregation Garlic Powder (the tendency of the blood platelets to clump), among other positive effects. This study adds more support to the scientific case for gar Reduces Heart lic as a "pleiotropic" substance, meaning that garlic's mild effects on many different measurements of heart health add up to signifi Attack Risk cant overall benefits. - Krista Marien, HRF A study published in [Koscielny J, Klossendorf D, Latza R, Schmitt R, Radtke H, the May issue of Athero Siegel G, Kiesewetter H. The antiatherosclerotic effect of Allium sclerosis showed that a sativum. Atherosclerosis. 1999; 144:237-249.] garlic powder supplement (Allium sativum L., Liliaceae) can help prevent and, in some cases, even Saw Palmetto Shrinks Prostate Tissues reverse plaque build-up in the arteries (Koscielny et al., 1999). Researchers have long associ In the first ated arterial plaque with an increased risk of heart attack and stroke. American ran The study was randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled domized clinical and took place over a four-year period, making it the longest clinical trial of saw pal trial to evaluate the effects of a dietary supplement on reducing heart metto (Serenoa attack risk. repens [Bartram] For the four-year study, 152 men and women were randomly S m a I I , assigned to take either placebo or 900 mg of standardized garlic Arecaceae), the powder daily (Kwai®, Lichtwer Pharrna, Berlin). From the begin respected prostate ning, all participants had advanced plaque accumulation, in addi herb proved ben tion to at least one other established risk fac tor for heart di sease eficial in reducing such as high cholesterol or blood pressure, diabetes, or a history of Saw Palmetto, Serenoa repens. swelling of pros smoking. Researchers used B-mode ultrasound to measure the pro Photo © 1999 Steven Foster. tate tissues in pa- gression and regression of plaque volume in the carotid and femoral tients with benign arteries, at the beginning of the study and at 16, 36, and 48 months. prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). While numerous studies have confirmed At the end of the study, those who took garlic had a 2.6 per the ability of saw palmetto extract (SPE) to reduce BPH symptoms, cent reduction in plaque volume, compared to a 15.6 percent in this is the fi rst evidence that it actually shrinks enlarged prostate crease in the placebo group. When the effects were analyzed by tissues (Overmyer, 1999). gender, there was a 4.4 percent decrease in plaque volume in men The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial taking garlic, compared to a 5.5 percent increase in the male pla involved 44 men with symptomatic prostate enlargement who took cebo group. The results for women initiall y took researchers by 320 mg of saw palmetto extract with nettle root extract or placebo surprise. While women in the garlic group experienced a modest for six months (Nutrilite® Saw Palmetto with Nettle Root, Nutrilite 4.6 percent decrease in plaque volume, those taking placebo had a Division of Amway, Ada, MI). Researchers tested the participants massive 53.1 percent increase. for the usual clinical parameters, including International Prostate According to the researchers, the striking difference between Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate, residual urine the two female groups was due to a predominance of younger women volume, prostate volume, and prostate specific antigen (PSA, de in the placebo group, and more older women in the garlic group by scribed below). Unlike previous research, this study included an the end of the study. Although the age distribution was relatively ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. allowing the scientists to assess even at the beginning of the study, it became unbalanced as a greater changes in the participants' prostate tissue. Biopsies were taken at number of younger women in the garlic group withdrew from the baseline and after six months of treatment. study, mostly due to "annoyance by odor." Unfortunately, this pre As with previous research, SPE proved effective ("somewhat vented the researchers from drawing meaningful conclusions about effective," according to the researchers) in reducing overall symp garlic based on the age compositi on of the study groups. Clearly, tom score and maximum urinary flow. Although symptom score the double-blind design of the study was also defeated by the odor (IPSS) dropped in the SPE group, it dropped similarly in the pla of the garli c pi lis, which were easily di stinguished from the placebo cebo group (2.9 and 2.6 respectively). The urinary flow rate in pills. However, the investigators asserted that the 4.6 percent de- creased in the SPE group while declining in the placebo group. There were no effects on hormone levels or other blood parameters. 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 27 RESEARCH REVIEWS The most intriguing part of this story is that SPE suppressed large arteries) in postmenopausal women (Neste! et al., 1999). De swelling of the prostate epithelium, causing a contraction in the tis clining arterial compliance during and after menopause is known to sues in the epithelium of the prostate and the transitional zone. In increase a woman's chance of developing heart disease later in life. terestingly, SPE produced this benefit without affecting the levels of Researchers in Australia tested two different dosages of red testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, which means that SPE works clover extract against placebo in this randomized, double-blind, pla by an unidentified but non-hormonal mechanism. This is especially cebo-controlled study. After an initial three to four week run-in pe good news for men because conventional drug therapy for BPH fre riod and a five-week placebo period for alll7 participants, the women quently causes hormonal side effects, including reduced sex drive were divided into two treatment groups for an additional I 0 weeks. and performance. It should also be good news for doctors, because During the first five weeks of active treatment, women took either SPE did not affect the level ofPSA in the blood. PSA tests are used one red clover tablet (40 mg isoflavones) and one placebo tablet to detect prostate cancer, and conventional therapy interferes with daily, or two placebo tablets daily. During the final five weeks of PSA testing by masking this early warning sign. the study, the dosage for the red clover group was increased to two An editorial by Leonard Marks, M.D., accompanying there red clover tablets (80 mg isoflavones) daily. The red clover extract search report should provide perspective for physicians still uncer (Promensil®, Novogen Ltd., North Ryde, Australia) was standard tain about herbal therapies. "Saw palmetto extract (SPE) should ized to contain the following isoflavones: 4 mg genistein, 3.5 mg now be considered a treatment option for men with symptomatic daidzein, 24.5 mg biochanin, and 8 mg formononetin. BPH, absent complications of the disorder. SPE is extremely safe; it At the beginning of the study, all women were free of obvious is likely to exert positive effects; many patients want it; and more cardiovascular disease. Participants were required to discontinue potent remedies, i.e., drugs or surgery, are generally not required in the use of any drugs or supplements that might affect cardiovascular most BPH cases." Marks points out that saw palmetto has been health for at least six weeks prior to treatment, and were instructed used in Europe for generations, that its safety "has never been seri to avoid eating isotlavone-rich legumes such as soy throughout the ously questioned," and with the exception of occasional stomach study. At the end of each period (run-in, placebo, and two active upset, no side effects have been reported. "In particular, use of the periods), researchers measured arterial compliance using ultrasound, extract has not been associated with erectile dysfunction, ejacula as well as isotlavonoid absorption and serum cholesterol levels. tory disturbance, or altered libido." - Rob McCaleb, HRF The results of the study revealed a statistically significant in [Overmyer M. Saw palmetto shown to shrink prostatic epi crease in arterial compliance in the red clover group, compared to thelium . Urology Times. 1999;27(6): I ,42.] placebo (a value of 23.7 versus 16 in the placebo group). No side effects were reported. The effects on heart health were similar to those of a 1998 placebo-controlled study on hormone replacement Red Clover Improves Heart Health After therapy (HRT), which found a 24 percent greater value in arterial compliance in those taking HRT. The results of red clover treatment Menopause are especially impressive considering the number of serious side effects associated with HRT, such as an increased risk of depres Many researchers have proposed a link between the isoflavone rich Asian diet and a lowered risk of menopausal problems in Japa sion, high blood pressure, breast cancer, and other problems. In this nese women, including reduced rates of cardiovascular disease. In study, there was also a 10 percent downward trend in the ratio of harmful LDL cholesterol (which decreased) versus healthful HDL one of the first published studies on a purified red clover extract (Trifolium pratense L., Fabaceae) scientists found that the supple levels (which increased), although the change was not statistically ment improved arterial compliance (a measure of elasticity of the significantly different from placebo measurements. There appeared to be little difference between the effects of the two dosage sched ules (40 and 80 mg of isotlavones) tested in this study. An important drawback to this study was the small sample size of 17 participants, which included a placebo group of only three women. Data from the placebo group was not subjected to statisti cal analysis because of the small number of subjects. Interestingly, the placebo group originally included five women until two dropped out, citing a return of "intolerable menopausal symptoms requiring hormone replacement treatment." Although this study was not spe cifically designed to test red clover's effects on menopausal symp toms such as hot flashes, it is interesting to note that no one taking red clover dropped out due to uncomfortable menopause-related complaints. - Krista Morien, HRF [Neste! PJ, Pomeroy S, Kay S, Komesaroff P, Behrsing J, Cameron JD, West L. Isotlavones from red clover improve sys temic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(3):895-898.] Red Clover, Trifolium pratense. Photo © 1999 Steven Foster. 28 HERB AL GRAM 47 1999 RESEARCH REVIEWS echin acea group also demonstrated significant decreases in interl eukin 2R (IL-2R) in blood and urine, and increased IL-6, all suggest ing a protective effect of echin acea against exertion-induced immunosuppression. The most impress ive results, however, were not those mea sured in the lab, but those observed by the athl etes themselves. During the intensive training, three of the 13 athletes in the magne sium group and four of 13 in the placebo group developed colds, while none of th ose taking ech inacea were affected. Even more impressive, those in the magnesium group missed a total of 13 days of training because of infections (colds), compared to 24 days in the Echinacea, Echinacea purpurea. placebo group. Those in the echinacea group missed no days of Photo © 1999 Steven Foster. training. This study highlights an important new use of echinacea in Echinacea for Athletes sports medicine. Due to the limited size of thi s pilot study, the au Echinacea (Echinacea spp., Asteraceae) is best known for thors recommend further clinical trials to validate the results. shortening the duration of colds or flu when used at the first sign of - Rob McCaleb, HRF illness. The immune-enhancing properties of the root and herb have [Berg A, Northoff H, Koni g D, Weinstock C, Grathwohl D, been the subject of hundreds of sc ientific studies. Another immune Parnham MJ , Stuhlfauth I, Keul J. Influence of Echinacin (EC31 ) system application for echinacea was recently reported by a group treatment on the exercise-induced immune response in athletes. of sports medicine speciali sts, who studied the effects of echinacea, J Clin Res. 1998; I :367-380.) magnesium supplements, and placebo on immune function in 42 male athletes undergoing an exhausting triathlon sprint (Berget a/. , Hypericin and AIDS 1998). Many people infected with the human immunodeficiency vi Exercise generally stimulates immune functi on, but exhaus rus (HIV) have incorporated St. John 's wo rt (Hypericum peiforatum tive exercise actually suppresses some aspects of immune response, L., Clusiaceae) into their se lf-care regimens, based on laboratory lead ing to an increased risk of infection. evide nce that hypericin and pseudohypericin are ac ti ve against For the study, participants took placebo, 43 mg of magnesium, retroviruses such as HIV (Meruelo eta/., 1988 ; La vie eta/., 1990). or 8 ml of the pressed juice of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench for According to reports about earlier clinical research, St. John's wort 28 days before the triathlon (Echinacin®, Madaus AG, Germany). helped to improve outlook, reduce fatigue, and enhance well-being Magnesium was selected as a reference nutritional supplement re fo r people with HIV, but it was unclear whether the improvements quired for optimal muscle function. The researchers tested blood were related to antidepressant effects or to direct antiviral activi ty (Bergner, 1990). samples fo r a wide variety of immunological factors at baseline, To investigate the safety and anti retroviral activity of hyperi after 28 days of treatment, and one and 20 hours after finishing th e cin in a clinical setting, a group of American researchers conducted race. a phase I stud y of 30 HIV-infec ted people with CD4 counts lower The investi gators found several significant differences between than 350 cell s/mm 3 (Gu li ck eta/., 1999). Phase I studies are prima the echinacea group and the others. "The results of thi s double rily concerned with assess ing the safety of a substance and evaluat blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrate that oral administration ing side effects that occur as dosage is increased. of the pressed juice of Echinacea purpurea for 28 days to trained This small study, which employed oral and injectable treat athletes clearly mod ul ates the subsequent changes in immunolog i ment with synthetic hypericin, yielded disappointing results. Not cal variables induced by participation in a triathlon spri nt." The only did the pharmaceutical hypericin demonstrate no antiretroviral placebo-treated group showed classic increases in natural killer (NK) activity, it caused severe phototoxicity in 48 percent of the partici cell and total T-l ymphocyte counts, while the echi nacea group expe pants. Sixteen of the 30 subjects (53 percent) dropped out of the rienced no significant changes in NK ce ll count and a sl ight reduc study early because of side effects. Almost all of the participants tion in th e total number ofT-cells. All of these changes, however, taking either oral or injectable hype ri cin experienced some degree were small , and "lay within the range of baseline vari ati ons." The of phototoxicity, whi ch caused a painful red rash in areas exposed to li ght. The in vestigators speculated that the lack of antiretroviral ac ERRATA: RE: HERBALGRAM NO. 46; 19 tivity could be attributed to the fac t that the high incidence of side (MELATONIN IN MEDICINAL PLANTS) effects made it impossible for them to ach ieve sustained blood lev The sentence should read, "All of the compounds tested con els of hyperi cin sufficient to inactivate the virus. It is important to tained melatonin. Huang-qin yiel ded the highest concentration of note that si nce thi s stud y utili zed a sy nthetic hypericin preparation, melatonin (7. 1 I meg/g), fo llowed by St. John's wort flowers (4.39 meg/g) and then fresh "green leaf" feverfew (2.45 meg/g)." its results cannot necessarily be extrapolated to St. John 's wo11 stan dardized extract or whole plant preparations. 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 29 RESEARCH REVIEWS For the study, the participants were divided into four groups. et at. , 1993). Researchers designed a small, uncontrolled, open pi Three of the groups were treated with intravenous hypericin (0.25 lot study to assess the effects of St. John's wort in 20 people suffer or 0.5 mg/kg twice weekly or 0.25 mglkg three times weekly) and ing from fatigue of unexplained origin, in order to formulate a hy one received oral hypericin (0.5 mg!kg daily). The antiretroviral pothesis upon which future, controlled research in this area could be activity of the synthetic hypericin was assessed by measuring changes based (S tevinson et al., 1998). in CD4 cell counts, HIV p24 antigen level, virus titer, and HIV RNA The study participants ( 17 women and 3 men) all had fatigue copies. There were no detectable changes in any of these param that had persisted for at least two weeks, but none considered them eters. Adverse effects were evaluated weekly and graded according selves depressed. Levels of perceived fatigue were established at to a four-point scale, with grade I representing the mildest adverse baseline with visual analog scales (VAS) that were completed both reaction and grade 4 representing the most severe reaction. Grade 3 by participants and by the people closest to them (usually their part phototoxicity, which was observed in 48 percent of the study sub ners). Subjects also completed another 14-item fatigue scale, a 12- jects, was defined as "intolerable erythema or numbness (or both), item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the Hospital Anxi temperature sensitivity, and pain despite long-term analgesic ety and Depression scale (HAD). Results were assessed using the therapy." No grade 4 phototoxicity was reported. same scales after two weeks and again at the end of the six-week The investigators suggested that even though the synthetic treatment period. hypericin proved too toxic to allow assessment of its clinical value After two weeks of treatment with standardized St. John's wort in this study, other applications might hold more promise. "The extract, subjects' perceived fatigue was significantly less than that potent antiviral activity of hypericin in vitro has led to its use in the recorded at baseline. After six weeks, fatigue was reduced signifi ex vivo treatment of blood components," they noted. "This approach cantly further. Even though none of the participants considered them avoids phototoxicity and uses the well-described enhancement of selves depressed or anxious, baseline scores indicated that nine were the antiviral effect of hypericin by light." - Evelyn Leigh, HRF depressed or borderline depressed at the beginning of the study, and [Bergner P. Hypericum and AIDS. Medical Herbalism that 14 were suffering from anxiety or borderline anxiety. Accord 1990;2( I): 1-6. ing to the HAD, fatigue improved in seven of the nine participants Gulick RM, McAuliffe V, Holden-Wiltse J, Crumpacker C, who were classified as depressed, but in only three of the I 0 who Liebes L, Stein DS, Meehan P, Hussey S, Forcht J, Valentine FT. were classified as not depressed. By the end of the study, only three Phase I studies of hypericin, the active compound in St. John's wort, subjects could be classified as depressed/borderline, and only five as an antiretroviral agent in HIV-infected adults. Ann Intern Med. as anxious/borderline. 1999; 130(6):51 0-514. The authors noted, "The possibility exists ... that the improve Lavie G, Mazur Y, Lavie D, Levin B, Ittah Y, Meruelo D. ments in fatigue in this study are an indirect result of the specific Hypericin as an antiretroviral agent. Ann NY A cad Sci. 1990;6 16:556- effects of Hypericum on depression, with the perceived reduction in 562. fatigue a consequence of the improvement in mood." They sug Meruelo D, Lavie G, Lavie D. Therapeutic agents with dra gested that future research should focus on subjects reliably diag matic antiretroviral activity and little toxicity at effective doses: Aro nosed as "non-depressed" in order to determine whether the herb matic polycyclic diones hypericin and pseudohypericin. PNAS. has any direct effects on fatigue. 1988;85:5230-5234.] The dosage of St. John's wort used in the trial was one tablet three times daily of extract standardized to contain 300 meg total St. John's hypericin per tablet (Kira®, manufactured by Lichtwer Pharma UK Wort, Ltd). One participant withdrew from the trial because of dizziness, Hypericum which persisted after di scontinuation of St. John's wort. No other perforatum. adverse effects were reported. - Evelyn Leigh, HRF Photo© 1999 Steven Foster. [Hi.ibner W-D, LandeS, Podzuweit H. Hypericum treatment of mild depressions with somatic symptoms. J Geriatric Psychiatry Neural. 1994;7(suppl 1):S 12-S 14. Stevinson C, Dixon M, Ernst E. Hypericum for fatigue-a pilot study. Phytomedicine. 1998;5(6):443-447.] ERRATA: RE: HERBALGRAM NO. 45;24 (EFFECT OF GARLIC ON SERUM LIPIDS) St. John'sWort for Unexplained Fatigue The following was omitted from the bottom of the right-hand For up to 50 percent of people who consult their doctors com column: We obtained the same brand of tablets (two lots) used in the plaining of fatigue, no physical basis can be found, and no definitive study and measured the release of garlic oil, as total sulfides, un treatment exists. Many physicians and researchers believe that, at der simulated gastrointestinal dissolution conditions• We found least in some cases, unexplained fatigue may be a somatic (physi that only 1.8 mg, rather than 5 mg, of garlic oil was released per cal) symptom of masked depression. St. John's wort (Hypericum tablet in the US Pharmacopeia-designed limit of one hour in gas peiforatum L., Clusiaceae) has been shown to be effective in allevi tric fluid and two hours in intestinal fluid and that the tablets did ating symptoms of tiredness and fatigue in depressed patients (Hi.ibner not dissolve or disintegrate well but remained as large pieces. 30 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 aThe Herb &dearch Foundation id one of the nwc1t reLiable c1ourcec1 of accurate botanicaL information aCJailable:' -0. Akerele, MD, former Traditional Medicine Programme Manager, World Health Organization A world of information at your fingertipJ Where do you turn for answers on the health benefits of herbs? The Herb Research Foundation offers a full range of information services for the public, manufacturers, and health care professionals - everything from ethnobotany to scientific documentation of medicinal benefits and safety. Tbe Natural Healtbcare Hotline CUJtom botanicalliteratllre ruearcb • Fast answers about health benefits, dosage, and • Full online and in-house literature searches on safety on more than 200 herbs thousands of plants • Special subscription service available for manufac • In-depth information for personal or professional turers, pharmacies, and retailers use - or to substantiate claims made in product literature 185 Herb Information Packeu • All the information needed to safely and correctly use herbs H RF MEMBERS RECEIVE DISCOUNTS ON ALL INFOR MATION SERVICES. TO JOIN H R F OR TO REQUEST H ERB A COMPLETE CATALOG OF H RF SERVICES, PLEASE CALL (303) 449-2265. RESEARCH FOUNDATION Better worUJ health through the informe'J /Me of herhc~ PLANT PATENTS By Karen Dean compounds in treating nicotine dependence, Anti-acne Composition the patent proposes that these compounds provide a pharmacological method of assist Containing a Poria cocos ing withdrawal from drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, phencyc Extract lidine, opiates, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, hallucinogens and alcohol, as Invented by Alain Meybeck and well as a method of suppressing the appe Frederic Bonte, both of Courbevoie, FR. tite. The patent indicates that, in a preferred Assigned to LVMH Recherche, France. aspect of the invention, treatment with lo U.S. Patent 5,716,800. Issued February belines reduces an individual's desire for the 10, 1998. drug of abuse or for food by at least one day, The invention describes the use of a and suggests that it may have other pharma Poria cocos fungus extract in the prepara cological applications, including treat tion of a cosmetic and pharmaceutical com ment of cognitive disorders, brain trauma, position, in particular a dermatological com memory loss, psychosis, sleep disorders, position, for the topical treatment of ac ne and obsessive-compul sive disorders, panic dis oil y skin . Pori a (juling in Chinese) is a tra orders, and related conditions. [Ed. note: ditional Chinese herbal medicine, used in di Lobeline salts were formerly approved by the ureti c, tonic, and calming formulas, espe U.S. Food and Drug Administration as an ciall y in weight-contro l and sedative prod active ingredi ent in over-the-counter anti ucts in the commercial market. Its traditional smoking drug products, but were sub se uses include as a primary ingredi ent in fa Lobelia, lobelia inflata. Photo © quentl y banned due to lack of research to 1999 Steven Foster. cial treatment formulas used by women of prove efficacy. Lobeline is chemicall y simi the Imperial Court in China for clean and lar to nicotine. ] "radiant" skin, to prevent pimples, dark spots, and wri nkles. (Leung and Foster, 1996.) Ac lobeline Compounds as cordi ng to the patent th e prefened concen tration of P cocos extract is in the range 0.001 a Treatment for percent to 5 percent by weight with respect CD to the total weight of the fi nal composition. Psychostimulant Abuse The patent spec ifi es several diffe rent ways and Withdrawal, and for of fo rmul at ing and delivering the P cocos .. extract, and describes several other acti ve Eating Disorders ingredients that could appropri ately go into CD the final product. After reviewing the famil Invented by Peter A. Crooks and iar pharmacological ac ti ons of P cocos triterpenes (cytotox ic ac ti vity in tumors; Linda P. Dwoskin, both of Lexington, KY. Assigned to University of Kentucky Re • More than 500 books, antinephritic activity; and facilitation of hair search Foundation, Lexington, KY. U.S. videos, audio topes restoration and hair growth ), the patent states Patent 5,830,904. Issued November 3, and software that the compounds exhibit the unexpected properties of anti-acne activity and oil y-sk in 1998. • Special reports This patent describes the use of lo co ntrolling activit y. The novelty of thi s • Herbal Monographs beline compounds that occur naturally in Lo patent lies in its formulation of P cocos • Herba/Gram bock issues compounds as hydro-ethanoli c or belia ge nu s plants, and their analogs, for the • Educational opportunities treatment of drug dependence, drug with hydro-methanolic extracts, or partially incor drawal, and eating disorders. The patent pos • Information on ABC's goals porated into hydrated lamellar lipid phases its that the alkaloids lobeline, lobelanidine, and projects or liposomes, in order to provide novel cos • And much more ... metic or pharmaceutical formulations in a lobelanine, and their pharm aceuticall y ac si mple, reproducible, inex pensive manner tive sa lts, when admini stered subcutane ously, intra mu sc ul arly, intravenously, Check out ABC's which can be used on an industrial scale. transdermally, orally, intranasall y, or rectall y, Herbal Education [Leung AY and S Foster. 1996. Ency induce the release of dopamine while inhib clopedia of Common Natural Ingredients = Catalog following iting uptake of dopamine by ce ll s of the ce n Used in Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics. New page 82 of this issue York: Wil ey. 425-6.] tral nervous system. Citing prior patent art ·- and published articles on the use of lobeline of Herba/Gram 32 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 (rataegus Benefits Cardiac Arrest Preparations of Crataegus spe cies pharmaceutical compositions and their use for preventing sudden death due to cardiac arrest and reperfusion-caused cardiovascular le sions. Invented by Shyam Sunder Chatterjee and Hermann Ernst Jaggy, both of Karlsruhe, Germany. As Building ~L\ signed to Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co., Germany. U.S. Patent 5,925,355. Issued J uly 20, 1999. Unexpected th erapeutic benefits Bridges 'iJ~ of a total extract of leaves and fl owers of appropriate Crataegus (hawthorn ) species are described, as is the use of I with Traditional Knowledge three new fracti ons of that total extract, for preventing sudden death fro m car diac aiTest and cardiovascul ar lesions, an d other life-threatening pathological condi tions caused by reperfusion of car 2001 diac tissues. The patent reviews the fa mil iar uses of Crataegus species for the management of decreasing cardiac per formance, as described in the German Com m issio n E monograph o n A Dynamic Forum for Global Change Crataegus, and observes that the phar macodynamic actions of Crataegus ex Hilton Hawaiian Village, Hawai'i May 28 -June 3, 2001 tracts are in general expl ained by their fl avonoid and oligomeric procyanidin A six day global summit of indigenous representatives, conservation and components. The novelty of thi s inven development agencies, the multi-national media, students, researchers, industry, ti on is based on unexpected benefits of Crataegus extracts in animal studies and government agencies from around the world using rats with experimentall y induced to promote positive global change. ischemi a [bl ockage of blood fl ow and oxygen]. These fi ndings indicate th at Presented by: University of Hawai'i and the Juliflora Foundation appropriate ly processed extracts of A special thanks to our sponsors: leaves with fl owers of such Crataegus Mi ssouri Botanical Garden New York Botanical Garden species C. monogyna, C. /aevigata, C. oxyacantha, C. azarolus, C. nigra, and International Society of Ethnopharrn acology C. pentagyna, provide cardioprotecti ve LDI Group Heli shwa Inc. effects in cases of cardiac ischemi a and American Botanical Council life-threatening reperfusion-induced car di ovascul ar lesions, and that th e previ The Uni versity of Florida ously recogni zed acti ve substances of the Crataegus extract are not responsible fo r these effects. The novelty of thi s patent , For more information and sponsorship opportunities contact: Alexandra Paul then, h inges o n its recognition of Tel: 801-3 56-7203 Fax: 801-356-0623 bioactive components not previously e-mail: [email protected] noted, and on its description of broader See our website at: www.traditionalknowledge.com medical applicati ons for Crataegus th an were previously recorded. 1999 HERBA LG RAM 47 33 LEGALAND REGULATORY GAO Criticizes FDA's Proposed Regulations on Ephedrine-containing Dietary Supplements: Re port Notes Lack of Science in FDA Process by Mark Blumenthal Depending on the dosage, these alkaloids can have relatively strong central nervous system stimulating activity and act as parasympathomimetics, producing the well known "flight or fight" response (Gilman et al., 1985.) FDA and other state regulatory agencies have issued press re leases concerning ephedra-containing supplements and drug prod ucts containing the pure alkaloid ephedrine, alleging that these prod ucts have been associated with numerous AERs and, as a result, these products have been widely reported in the popular press as poten tially unsafe. Supplement products containing ephedra are widely used for weight loss, to improve athletic performance, and, for a limited period, were marketed as substitutes for illegal street drugs, e.g., "Herbal Ecstasy" and "Ultimate X-phoria" (Blumenthal, 1996). PREVIOUS FDA-PROPOSED RULES ON EPHEDRA SUPPLEMENTS Ma hua ng, Ephedra sinica. The GAO is the government agency that monitors account Photo © 1999 Steven Foster. ability of all federal agencies. The report was based on an analysis of regulations proposed by FDA in June 1997, when the agency is In what is being tetmed a major event in the history of herb sued 40 pages of proposed rules that attempted to deal with the regulations, the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) has ques FDA's concern about the safety of ephedra products by limiting the tioned rules proposed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) levels of ephedra alkaloids in individual dosages, daily intake, dura on the marketing of dietary supplements containing the herb ephe tion of use, and areas of intended use of ephedra products (FDA, dra. In li ght of this criticism from a respected government agency, 1997; Blumenthal, 1997). herb industry leaders have called for FDA to rescind its proposals in The proposed rules contained the following provisions: favor of guidelines proposed and widely adopted by industry trade I. The maximum allowable dosage for total ephedrine alka groups. loids was proposed to be less than 8 mg per unit dose with a maxi The GAO published a 68-page report July 2, 1999, that criti mum daily intake of less than 24 mg. cally evaluates the process by which regulations were proposed by 2. The maximum allowable duration of use was to be limited FDA, citing FDA for failing to establish a scientific basis for regula to 7 days. tions that it issued in June 1997. The report, Dietary Supplements: 3. Combination products containing caffeine or caffeine-con Uncertainties in Analyses Underlying FDA 's Proposed Rule on Ephe taining herbs would not be allowed. drine Alkaloids (GAO, 1999), reveals deficiencies in FDA's pro 4. Products containing ephedra would not be allowed to make posed rules on ephedra. GAO acknowledged that FDA was justified claims for body building or weight loss, two areas of use that have in its concern about the safety of ephedra herbal products, based on driven sales of ephedra-containing herb products in the last decade. the adverse event reports (AERs) it had received. However, GAO 5. Multiple warnings would be required on the label, includ questioned the reliability of many of these AERs and also criticized ing the following: "Taking more than the recommended serving may the apparent lack of science employed in formulating the proposed result in heart attack, stroke, seizure, or death." "Do not use this dosage and duration limits of alkaloids. The GAO also commented product for more than 7 days." Additionally, a list of contraindications on FDA's failure to comply with standard methods for cost-benefit similar to those already required for OTC drugs containing ephe analysis, including the failure to address whether there was any need drine and pseudoephedrine would be required, e.g., hypertension, for an FDA regulation in light of state requirements, and the failure heart disease, diabetes, thyroid disease, difficult urination due to to establi sh a benefit to the proposed actions. enlarged prostate problems, pregnancy, nursing, etc. (This list has The popular herb ephedra, also known by its Chinese name already been part of the industry's self-imposed labeling policy since rna huang (Ephedra sinica Stapf., Ephedraceae), has been the sub 1994.) (AHPA, 1994.) ject of much controversy in the U.S. The herb contains the alka 6. Conventional foods: The use of ephedra as an ingredient in loids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, both approved by FDA as in conventional foods would not be allowed; the herb ephedra would gredients in over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for bronchodilator, de have been considered an "unapproved food additive" in such cases congestant, and certain anti-allergic activity (FDA, 1985; FDA 1986). and products would have been deemed adulterated and unsafe. 34 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 LEGAL AND REGULATORY 7. The proposed regulations would have banned the use of taining Jess than 15 mg ephedrine alkaloids per dose represented ephedra in so-called "street drug knockoffs"-products whose in one-third of the products included in FDA's market survey but only tended use is to give some type of "high" and are clearly not part of 7 percent of the AERs, including on ly two serious events. Based in the dietary use of botanical dietary supplements to promote health. part on such testimony, as well as FDA's request that the panel de (Actually, some of these types of products are already illegal, de termine a safe level, where safety was defined by FDA to mean that pending on their claims, under the Controlled Substances Act) (21 the product would not cause a single serious event in any consumer, U.S.C. Section 802(32) (A); 813). the FDA's own advisory panel, a subcommittee of the Food Advi sory Committee, was unable to agree on the appropriate level of GAO REPORT FINDS FAULT WITH FDA RULEMAKING regulation of ephedra. Several panel members commented on FDA's GAO acknowledges that FDA was justified in its concern about insistence on a using a safety standard that safe products, such as the safety of ephedra in dietary supplement products. "The avail milk, could not hope to pass. Nonetheless, the consensus of many able scientific information suggests that the use of products contain panel members was that the FDA should allow the herb to remain in ing synthetic ephedrine alkaloids can result in adverse experiences the market and that it should be limited to a per unit and daily dose for some individuals, and over-the-counter products containing ephe levels (Blumenthal and Dickinson, 1996). drine alkaloids have dosing recommendations. Furthermore, dietary • GAO determined that FDA had based its specific limits of 8 supplement trade associations have suggested specific dosing limits mg ephedra alkaloids per dose on information from onl y 13 AERs, for dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids" (GAO, despite FDA's claim to the media that it had hundreds of such AERs. 1999). This is a reference to the warning labels recommended by GAO's review of these 13 AERs failed to show a causal link be- the American Herbal Products As- tween the products and the ad sociation (AHPA) and the National verse events and that the 13 Nutritional Foods Association The primary criticism was that FDA's AERs did not support FDA's (NNFA) in 1994 that are consis proposed limits. tent with cautions on OTC drug proposal was based mainly on unreliable • GAO also concluded products. (See below.) "How that FDA had not provided a ever," the report continues, "while and unsubstantiated Adverse Event Reports. sufficient basis for the proposed FDA's conclusions regarding the limitation of duration of use to desirability of the proposed actions 7 days and the ban on usi ng may be valid, we believe these conclusions are open to question ephedra for weight loss and additional claims because there was no because of limitations and uncertainties associated with the agency's evidence of an increase of adverse events starting at 7 days, nor was underlying scientific and economic analyses." there any valid evidence that prolonged use causes adverse events. The GAO report found fault with FDA's proposed rules as • In the matter of government policy issues, GAO concluded follows: that FDA's cost/benefit analysis was not justified because (a) FDA • FDA's proposal was based mainly on unreliable and unsub based its analysis on the undocumented and unreliable AERs, (b) stantiated AERs. During the several years prior to FDA's issuing the FDA had not kept a record of "serious injury" AERs that it had used proposed regulations, FDA officials repeatedly told the news media in the benefits analysis, thereby making it impossible for anyone that it had received documentation of hundreds of AERs associated even the FDA-to duplicate this analysis, (c) FDA did not provide with ephedra-containing dietary supplements. The estimate was any basis for critical assumptions that it made in making the ben claimed to approach up to 800 such AERs. In most of these cases, efits analysis, and (d) FDA erroneously employed point estimates FDA did not evaluate them to establish causality or even to confirm rather than ranges in its calculation of the benefits of the proposed that the implicated products actually contained ephedra. regulation, thereby inflating the estimated benefits of its proposed This issue of faulty data as the basis of FDA policy was raised rules. several years ago. During testimony at a hearing of the FDA's Food • GAO also pointed out that when FDA conducted its analy Advisory Committee in 1996, Michael Davidson, M.D., Medical sis, that it overlooked the many doses of ephedra products that have Director of the Chicago Center for Clinical Research, testifying on been consumed by Americans (presumably safely) over the years. behalf of the NNFA, reviewed 191 of the fu ll case reports that were This is a required component of any health risk analysis. Industry on the public record and analyzed them according to severity and conservatively estimates that at least 2 billion serving units (doses) type of ephedra product implicated (i.e., high vs . low dose). He con of dietary supplements containing ephedrine and related alkaloids cluded that 84 of the 191 cases were serious and 107 were not. Of from the herb ephedra are ingested each year by millions of Ameri- the 84 serious cases, he concluded that 29 were possibly or probably cans. related to the effects of ephedra. He also found that products con- 1999 HERB AlGRAM 47 35 LEGAL AND REGULATORY • The GAO report also included an analysis by the Small 2. If the product label does not li st the amount of ephedrine Business Administration, which also questi oned some aspects of alkaloids per serving. FDA's proposed rules. According to a press release published Au 3. If the recommended daily intake specified on the product gust 5, 1999, the FDA's proposed rules, if implemented, would have label exceeds 100 mg of ephedrine alkaloids per day. effecti vely removed most ephedra products from the U. S. market 4. If the product contains xanthine alkaloids (collecti vely iden (AHPA, 1999). Most of these di etary supplement products either tifi ed as caffeine) and th e product label does not li st the amount of contain more than the 8 mg ephedra alkaloids per dosage unit or are caffeine per serving. intended for uses that were intended to be proscribed by FDA (i. e., 5. If the product does not bear an adequate warning statement, weight loss, athleti c perfo rmance). which shall at a minimum include the following language, or com parable language: INDUSTRY LABEL WARNINGS AND PROPOSED GUIDELINES Not for use by anyone under the age of 18. Do not use thi s Ephedra is an example of industry initiative to self regulate in product if you are pregnant or nursing. Consult a health care the absence of any clear, rati onal poli cy by th e FDA. In March 1994 professional before using thi s product if you have heart di s AHPA, the leading herb industry trade association representing grow ease, thyroid di sease, di abetes, high blood pressure, psychi ers, importers, manufacturers, and di stributors of herbal products, atric condition, difficulty in urinating due to prostate enl arge issued a poli cy statement on ephedra-containing products. The state ment, or seizure di sorder, if you are using a monoamine oxi ment required th at a warning be put on th e labels of all such prod dase inhibitor (MAOI) or any other prescription drug, or if ucts. The ori ginal AHPA warning contraindicated ephedra for chil you are using an over-the-counter drug containing ephedrine, dren under age 13; it was later amended to 18 years: "Seek advice pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine (ingredi ents found fro m a health care practitioner prior to use if you are pregnant or in certain allergy, asthma, cough/cold and weight control prod nursing, or if you have high blood pressure, heart or thyroid di sease, ucts). diabetes, difficulty in urination due to prostate enl argement, or if Exceeding recommended serving will not improve results and taking an MAO inhibitor or any other prescription drug. Reduce or may cause serious adve rse health effects. di scontinue use if nervousness, tremor, sleeplessness, loss of appe Discontinue use and call a health care professional immedi tite or nausea occurs. Not for children under 18. KEEP OUT OF ately if you experience rapid heartbeat, dizziness, severe head REACH OF CHILDREN." (AHPA, 1994). The NNFA issued a simi ache, shortness of breath, or other similar symptoms. lar warning in early 1995 (NNFA, 1995). AHPA President Michael McGuffin stated in the AHPA press 6. If any claims are made that the product may be useful to release, "We are very pleased that it appears that the GAO Report achi eve an altered state of consciousness, euphori a, or as a "legal" would confirm what AHPA has been saying about FDA's proposed altern ati ve for an illicit drug. rul e. In li ght of thi s report, 7. If the product is marketed FDA should now withdraw o r offered for sale to minors the proposed rul e and adopt Ephedra is an example of industry initiative (AHPA 1999b). the guidelines thatAHPA and other trade associati ons that to self regulate in the absence of any clear, CONGRESSIONAL represent manufacturers and RESPONSE distributors of ephedra prod rational policy by the FDA. The GAO report was sup ucts presented to FDA on ported by some congressional May 6, 1999. Those guide- me mbe rs (Ca non, 1999; U. S . lines-a copy was attached to th e press release-call for responsible House of Representatives Committee on Science, 1999; Harkin, serving limits, adequate warning labels and prohibitions on sales to 1999). Sen. Tom Harkin (0-Iowa), a leading proponent of dietary minors and for illicit purposes. Adopting these guidelines would not supplements and cosponsor of the Dietary Supplement Health and onl y all ow FDA and industry to move on to more important matters, Education Act of 1994 (OSHEA), said in a press release, "The ma but would also provide guidance for the responsible marketing of jor finding of this report- th at the scientific basis upon which FDA ephedra products" (AHPA, 1999a). acted is clearly inadequate-is quite di sturbing. American consum The guidelines proposed by AHPA to FDA for di etary supple ers count on FDA to provide them with recommendati ons based on ments containing ephedra include the fo ll owing criteri a for FDA's careful , scientifically sound analysis .. .I support the GAO's recom Center fo r Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Office of Field Pro mendati on that the FDA should not move forward with its proposed grams Di vision of Enfo rcement. The agency could take regul atory regul ati ons without additional information and analysis. They should acti on: work with the leading scientific experts and representati ves from I. If a product cont ains on a per serving basis more than 25 industry to promptly and fairly resolve this matter. I know th at [FDA] mg of ephedrine alkaloids (the total ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, Commissioner [Jane] Henney is committed to basing FDA decisions norpseudoephedrine, norephedrine, methyl ephedrine, methyl pseu on sound science. So I am hopeful th at the agency will take the GAO's doephedrine, and related alkaloids). recommendati ons to heart" (Harkin, 1999). Several attorneys who deal with the herb industry also hail ed 36 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 LEGAL AND REGULATORY Cordaro, shown at the annual CRN meeting in Palm Springs, Cali "The major finding of this report- that the fo rn ia on October 5, Joseph Levitt, director of FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, reiterated FDA's position on the scientific basis upon which FDA acted is GAO report: "We need to ensure that our evidence is solid and is clearly inadequate-is quite disturbing. " current and we are updati ng our procedures on thi s." (Levitt, 1999). Sen. Tom Harkin (0-/owa) REFERENCES 21 U.S.C. Section 802(32) (A); 813 American Herbal Products Assn. 1999a. General Accounting Office Recom the report. According to attorney A. Wes Siegner, Jr., of the Wash mends Against FDA's Publication of a Final Rule Restricting the Marketing ington, D.C., law fi rm of Hyman Phelps & McNamara, "The GAO of Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedra (Press Release). Bethesda, MD: audit of FDA's proposed rule confirms what industry experts have Aug. 5. been saying all along-there is no scientific basis fo r FDA's pro American Herbal Products Association. 1999b. Draft CFSAN Compliance Policy Guide for Dietary Supplement Products Containing Ephedrine Alkaloids. posed dose and duration limits for ephedra products, and it is not Bethesda, MD. possible for FDA to show there is any public health benefit to the American Herbal Products Assn. Policy Statement on Ephedra sinica (Ma proposal without a valid risk assessment, which FDA has failed to huang). Austin, TX, March 30.1994. do. FDA should now withdraw the proposed rule and work with APH A. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs 8th ed. Washi ngton , DC: Ameri industry to establish reasonable limits th rough guidelines rather than can Pharmaceutical Assn.; 1986. regulations that will both protect the public health and permit access Blumenthal M. FDA Proposes Warnings and Dose Limits on Ephedra: Govern to these safe and useful products" (S iegner, 1999). ment Proposal Comes Three Years After Industry Warning. HerbaiGram. 1997 ;40:26-7. Steven Shapiro of th e New York law fi rm Ull man, Shapi ro & Blumenthal M. The Agony of the Ecstasy: Herbal High Products Get Medi a Ullman remarked, "As ex pl ained in the GAO Report, so li citing Attention. HerbaiGram. 1996;37:20-24,32,49. AERs, as was done with ephedra to a large extent, generates inher Blumenth al M. Dickinson A. FDA Heari ng Portends Uncertain Future for ently unreliable data that req ui res special scrutiny. Because the AERs Mahuang: Members of FDA Panel Divided on Fate of Controversial Herb. took the FDA to the endpoi nt it apparently wanted to reach, it seems HerbaiGram. 1996;38:28-3 1. FDA relied on them wi thout any scru tiny. When an agency pro Canon C. FDA Should Use Good Science to Regul ate (Press Release). Wash ington, DC. Aug 4, 1999. ceeds in thi s manner, the resul t, as the GAO fo und , is a scientificall y Food and Drug Administrati on. Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedrine indefensible regul ati on. Such a regul ation wo uld be arbitrary and Alkaloids: Proposed Rul e. Federal Register. Vol. 62, No. 107, June 4, 1997: capricious and unabl e to wi thstand legal chall enge." 30678-30717. - Final Monograph for OTC Bronchodilator Drug Products . Federal Register. FDA COMMENTS 50 (Oct. 2, 1986):35326-35340. The FDA received a draft copy of the GAO report and pro - Tentative Final Monograph for OTC Nasal Decongestant Drug Products. Fed vided comments to GAO on Apri l 30, 1999. These comments were eral Register. 50 (Jan. 15, 1985):2240-224 1. GAO. Dietary Supplements: Uncertainties in Analyses Underying FDA's Pro eventually integrated into the fi nal version of the report. Regarding posed Rule on Ephedrine Alkaloids. (GAO!HEHS/GGD-99-90 ). Washing one of the mai n recommendations by GAO that the Secretary of ton, DC : General Accounting Office. Jul y 2, 1999. Speaking to a group of industry executives via a videotaped interview with Council fo r Responsible Nutrition president John 1999 HER BALGRAM 47 37 LEGAL AND REGULATORY DSH EA at Five Years: AReview of Structure-Function Claims by Mark Blumenthal and Ed Steele The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 Table 1: Structure-Function Claims Filed with FDA on (DSHEA) was passed by Congress on October 7, 1994, and signed by President Clinton on October 25, 1994. Since the passage of Various Popular Herbs DSHEA there has been unprecedented growth in the dietary supple Herb Product Courtesy Letters ment industry, especially in the herbal portion of the industry. No Notifications from FDA doubt part of this growth can be attributed to the claims being made Bilberry 46 1 on the labels of these products, claims not previously allowed until Cranberry 54 10 passage of DSHEA. Echinocea 236 54 Section 6 of the Act permits manufacturers and marketers of Evening Primrose 33 3 dietary supplements to make limited claims regarding their health Garlic 109 11 benefits. These claims are called "statements of nutritional support" Ginkgo 139 2 referring to the ways that dietary supplements provide nutritional Ginseng 155 2 support for various physiological processes. With respect to herbs Goldenseal 56 5 and some other supplements that do not provide nutritional support Grape Seed 41 2 in a conventional nutritional manner, the law allows for declaration Kava Kava 44 1 of "structure-function (SF) claims"-how the dietary supplement Milk Thistle 52 1 affects the structure or function of the body, for example: "Cran Pycnogenol® 20 0 berry helps maintain a healthy urinary tract." SF claims may not Sow Palmetto 109 11 include drug language- they cannot claim to treat, mitigate, pre St. John 's Wort 132 8 vent or cure a disease or condition, nor can they mention a specific Valerian Root 60 0 pathological condition, for example: "Cranberry helps prevent uri nary tract infection." An SF claim may or may not include the docu mented mechanism of action showing how the dietary supplement Table 2: General areas of claims actually is believed to work on the body, for example: "Cranberry helps maintain a healthy urinary tract by inhibiting the adhesion of Circulation 289 E. coli bacteria to the wall of the ureter." Energy 501 In the past five years, from the passage of DSHEA in October lmmunostimulation (includes colds and flu) 107 1994, to September 1, 1999, there have been claims submitted to Menopause 67 FDA for 5,678 dietary supplement products. Of these, 1,286 (22.6 Menstrual cycles 33 Mood 122 percent) have been for the top-selling herbal products listed in Table Prostate Health 184 1. About 8.6 percent (111) of the claims submitted for these market leaders have generated "courtesy letters" from the FDA (Table 1), in which the FDA has either requested substantiation data for a claim or has objected to the wording of a claim. Ed Steele is the Director of Food, Color & Cosmetic Consulting at AAC Consulting Group, Inc . He had 30 years of Food and Drug Administration experience before ioining the staff of AAC in 1994. NEW DIETARY INGREDIENTS He has been influential in developing AAC into one of the nation's Companies have filed notices for over 50 new dietary ingre leading regulatory consultants to the dietary supplement industry. dients. Section 8 ofDSHEA notes that in order to provide adequate measures of assuring safety of dietary supplements products, any Data for this article were obtained from two monthly publications of ingredient for which no documentation exists that it was marketed the AAC Consulting Group, Inc .: the Dietary Supplement Notification List (DSNL) , a compilation of 30-day notices of structure in the U.S. before October 15, 1994, would be considered a new function claims which includes useful information from the FDA dietary ingredient (NDI). DSHEA requires the industry to notify obiection letters ("courtesy letters ") and follow-up communications FDA of the basis for concluding that the new dietary ingredient is between FDA and the manufacturers and the New Dietary safe for its intended use. This notification must be presented to FDA Ingredient List (NDIL). AAC Consulting Group, Inc ., provides at least 75 days prior to the marketing of a dietary supplement con support and assistance to companies whose products are regulated taining such ingredients. FDA has been reviewing these notices by the Food and Drug Administration, including those in the dietary within 90 days of receipt and responds to the submitter if the data supplement industry. The Bethesda, Maryland, consulting firm is staffed with former FDA compliance and inspection officials. For submitted is insufficient or non-compelling. See Table 3 for a par information on how to order the DSNL and NDIL contact Ed Steele, tial list of new dietary ingredients filed with FDA. phone 30 1/ 986-4440. Fax 30 1/ 986-4448. 38 HERBAlGRAM 47 1999 LEGAL AND REGULATORY Table 3: Sample of Herbs Submitted to FDA as New Dietary Ingredients Since Passage of DSHEA * Nome as it Appears in Company Notification to FDA Buddle;o americana Ling Dang Wang (I mperato cylindrico) Cosimiroo edulis (white sopote) Mycelia of Cordyceps sinen sis (Chancorro) Cecropia obstusifolio Nerium oleonder ft Cordia boissieri, Gnopholium berlondieri Peri con (Togetes Iucido} (presumably a combination of these herbs) Pokeweed lectins from Ph ytolocco americana (Dans hen root} Salvia miltiorhizo* * Rouvolfio vomitorio (Espinosilla) Lobelia mexicono Stevia (Stevio reboudiono)* * Evening primrose seed extract (Oenothero biennis)t Theobromine F/ourensio cernuo, Bricke/lio covonilles i, Amphipterygium Trigone/to foenum-groecum (deb ittered fenug reek powder)** odstringens (presumably a combination of these herbs) Tonadora (Tecomo mol/is} Huperzine A (from Huperzio serrato} Zoopatle (M ontonoo tormentoso} Leucophyl/um texonum *This is a list af most, not all, of the botan icals and bota nically derived substances submi tted by industry as "new dietary ingredients" to the FDA since October 1994. Th is list and the other ingredients not shown here do not constitute acceptance of the safe status by FDA. **Probably should not be listed as a new dietary ingredient; th is herb ha s been imported and used in the U.S. before the passage of DSHEA in October 1994. tEvening primrose seed oi l, expressed fro m the seed, ha s been sold in the U.S. before 1994. Presumably, the manufacturer submitti ng this ingredient based the submission on the fact that an extract is chemically distinct from the expressed oi l. ttOieander is a plant conta ining cardioactive glycosi des. The company submitting this to the FDA claims to have produced a nontoxic extract . ...... STEVEN FOST E R GROUP, C. eatured in HerbaiGram for over a decade, th e photographs of Steven Foster are available for licensing for editorial or co mmercial projects . Specializing in medicinal and aromatic plants, our stock photo files include more than 70, 000 images, including most major herbs sold as dietary supplements. •RUNMM• Steven Fo ster Group, Inc. Ellen Miller, Vice President, Sales and Marketing P.O. Box 1343 Fayetteville, AR 72702 501-52 ! -5887 fax 501-521-6369 email: em [email protected] www.stevenfoster.com COME TO THE SOURCE L 1999 HERBAlGRAM 47 39 LEGAL AND REGULATORY Monograph Update: WHO Publishes Herbal Monographs; ABC, AHP, ESCOP and USP Continue Monograph Publication by Mark Blumenthal The long-awaited publi cati on of the WHO Monographs on ing clinical studies, pharmacological inform ati on, an expanded chem Selected Medicinal Plants Volume I, published by the World Health istry secti on, extensive references, and color photos by master herbal Organi zati on will help to va lidate the grow in g use of herbs, photographer Steven Foster. phytomedicines, and medi cinal plant preparati ons as official medi AHP: The American Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Therapeutic cines. In 199 1 WHO publis hed "Guidelines fo r the Assessment of Compendium has published five monographs and is planning the Herbal Medici nes" (Akerele, 199 1) in whi ch the international health publicati on of two more before 2000. An additional4-6 monographs agency call ed fo r the estab li shment of monographs to help set stan are plann ed fo r publication next year (see Table 4). AHP mono dards to document the qu ali ty of herbal products, and outline the graphs contain both anal ytical standards and therapeuti c info rma therapeutic parameters for their safe and effective use. ti on and are peer reviewed by intern ati onal experts. For several years, pharmacognos ists at the College of Phar ESCOP: The European Scientific Cooperati ve on macy of the Uni ve rsity of Hlinois at Chi cago (UIC) have been com Phytotherapy has publi shed 50 therapeutic monographs to date. pi ling data to produce the fi rst volume of WHO monographs. The These monographs are thoroughl y referenced and prov ide more data primary edi tor is Gail Mahaday, Ph .D., Research Assistant Profes than the Commi ssion E monographs. ESCOP is readying the publi sor of Pharmacognosy at UIC, along with Harry H.H.S. Fong, Ph.D. , cati on of I 0 new monographs (see Table 3). Professor of Pharmacognosy, and Norman R. Farnsworth , Ph .D., USP: The United States Pharmacopeia is compiling mono Research Professor of Pharmacognosy and Senior University Scholar. graphs fo r standards fo r herbal di etary supplements and Dispensing The first volume conta ins 28 monographs on 31 pl ant species Informati on (DI) monographs to aid pharmacists in understanding (Tabl e I). There are two each on aloe (one for drug aloe (A loeferox), the potential risks and benefits of herbal products. After a some the laxati ve; the other for aloe gel (A. ve ra), echinacea (one on what di fficult start with its first fi ve DI monographs (Blumenthal, Echinacea root, includi ng Echinacea angustifolia and E. pal/ida; 1997), USP is again underway with the development of four new DI another on E. purpurea herb), and senna (Cassia senna, one fo r the monographs. USP has published ll standards monographs at present fruit and one fo r leaf preparati ons) . All monographs were exten and is preparing 12 more at this time (see Table 5). sively peer reviewed by an intern ational team of scientifi c experts assembled by WHO. A second volume is currently bei ng edited fo r REFERENCES publi cati on in 2000 (Table 2). Akerele 0 . WHO Guidelines fo r the Assessment of Herbal Medi cines. The WHO monographs contain most of th e essential elements HerbalGram. 1993;28: 13-20. needed to determine baseline standards fo r identity and quality and Blumenthal M. Herb al Monog raphs Initi ated by Num erous Group s. to assess the relative safety and efficacy of each medicinal pl ant. HerbalGram. 1997;40:30-35, 37, 38. The monographs were co mpleted in 1996 and 1997 and thu s refl ect Blumenthal M. US P Publishes Informati on Monographs on Ginger and research published up to those years. Valeri an. HerbalGram. 1998:43:30, 57, 71. Farnsworth NR. Personal com mun icati on. Jul y 19, 1999. The therapeutics sec ti on incl udes three levels of medi cinal Mahady G. Personal communicati on. Aug. 6, 1999. uses : th ose supported by clini cal data, th ose described in Petrone C. Personal communi cati on. Aug. II , 1999. pharmacopeias and traditi onal systems of medicine, and those uses Van der Dungen F. Personal co mmunicati on . Aug. 4, 1999. described in fo lk medicin e, not supported by experimenta l or US P. Website 40 HERBALG RAM 47 1999 -.o -.o -.o Table1: Uses of MedicinalPlants Supported by ClinicalData in WHOMonographs CommonNome * LatinNome Use(s)** Aloe Aloe vera, A ferox Short-term treatment of occasional constipation. Aloe Vera gel Aloe vera None . Astragalus root Astragalus membranaceus None . Brucea Brucea javanica None. Bupleurum root Bupleurum falcatum None. Chamomile flower Matricaria recutita Internal: Symptomatic treatment of digestive ailments such as dyspepsia, epigastric bloating, impaired digestion, and flatulence. Infusions of chamomile flowers have been used in the treatment of restlessness and in mild cases of insomnia due to nervous disorders. External: Inflammation and irritations of the skin and mucosa (skin cracks, bruises, frostbite, and insect bites), including irritations and infections of the mouth and gums, and hemorrhoids. Cinnamon bark Cinnamomum spp. None . Echinacea root Echinacea angustifolia, =,., "')> E. pal/ida Administered orally in supportive therapy for colds and infections of the respiratory and urinary tract. c;:, Beneficial effects in the treatment of these infections are generally thought to be brought about by stimulation ~ of the immune response...... ,~ Echinacea Purpurea herb E. purpurea Administered orally in supportive therapy for colds and infections of the respiratory and urinary tract. Beneficial effects in the treatment of these infections are generally thought to be brought about by stimulation of the immune response. External uses include promotion of wound healing and treatment of inflammatory skin conditions. Ephedra/ Ma huang Ephedra sinica Treatment of nasal congestion due to hay fever, allergic rhinitis, acute coryza, common cold, and sinusitis. The drug is further used as a bronchodilator in the treatment of bronchial asthma. ,... Garlic Allium sativum As an adjuvant to dietetic management in treatment of hyperlipidemia, and in prevention of atherosclerotic (age-dependent) vascular changes. May be useful in treatment of mild hypertension. ""C) :z:.. Ginger Zingiber officinale The prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness, postoperative nausea, pernicious ,... vomiting in pregnancy, and seasickness. :z:.. Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba Concentrated extracts have been used for symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate cerebrovascular z () insufficiency (demential syndromes in primary degenerative dementia, vascular dementia, and mixed forms c 0 of both) with the following symptoms: memory deficit, disturbance in concentration, depressive emotional ~ :::a :; condition, dizziness, tinnitus, and headache. Such extracts are also used to improve pain-free walking c (!) Q_ distance in people with peripheral arterial occlusive disease, e.g., intermittent claudication, Reynaud 's ""C) 0 disease, acrocyanosis, and post phlebitis syndrome, and to treat inner ear disorders, e.g ., tinnitus and c: ::) "0 vertigo of vascular and involutive origin. Extracts and doses other than those described in Dosage Forms and <2 Posology, two sections in the monograph, are used for similar but milder indications. (!) 5 ~ 0 ~ ".) ~ ,.... .j;:o, () "'-=' 0 .... :J C') c:s · :.:::- Table1: Usesof MedicinalPlants Supported by ClinicalData in WHOMonographs (cont.) (1) ,.... a._ 0 :.:::- ""3 z CommonName * LatinName Use(s)** ""tl Q c CQ Ginseng root Panax ginseng Prophylactic and restorative agent for enhancement of mental and physical capacities, in cases of weakness, (1) :::a exhaustion, tiredness, and loss of concentration, and during convalescence. ~ .... C') Goldthread root Coptis spp. None . c: Gotu kola herb Centella asiatica Treatment of wounds, burns, and ulcerous skin ai lments, and prevention of keloid and hypertrophic scars. Extracts of the plant have been employed to treat second- and third-degree burns . Extracts have been used ~ topically to accelerate healing, particularly in cases of chronic post-surgical and post-trauma wounds. 0 Extracts have been administered orally to treat stress-induced stomach and duodenal ulcers. Indian Snakeroot Rauvolfia serpentina Treatment of mild essentia l hypertension. Treatment is usually administered in combination with a diuretic ~ agent to support the drug's antihypertensive activity, and to prevent fluid retention, which may develop if Ind ian Snakeroot is given a lone. l icorice Glycyrrhiza glabra, Non e. G. uralensis ;:;!F Onion Allium cepa Age-dependent change in blood vessels and loss of appetite ,...~ c;:, Peony root Paeonia lactiflora None . ~ Platycodon Platycodon grandiflorus None . .j;:o, - Psyllium seed Plantago spp. As a bulk-forming laxative used to restore and maintain regularity. Indicated in the treatment of chronic constipation, temporary constipation due to illness or pregnancy, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation related to duodenal ulcer or diverticulitis. Also used to soften stools of those with hemorrhoids, or after anorectal surgery. Rhubarb root Rheum officinale Short-term treatment of occasional constipation . Senna fruit Cassia senna Short-term treatment of occasional constipation . Thyme Thymus vulgaris None . Turmeric root Curcuma Iongo Treatment of acidic, flatulent, or atonic dyspepsia. Valerian Valeriano officina/is Mild sedative and sleep-promoting agent. Often used as a milder alternative or a possible substitute for stronger synthetic sedatives, e.g ., benzodiazepines, in the treatment of states of nervous excitation and anxiety-induced sleep disturbances. Source: W HO, 1999 * Original WHO monographs are listed by pharmacopeia! names, e.g., Ginseng Radix for ginseng root, Sennae Folium for Senna leaf , etc. English common names are substituted here, both in the monograph title, and occasionally in the Uses column when WHO used the pharmacopeia! name. **References cited in original WHO text are not included here. Uses are edited for space. -.o -.o -.o LEGAL AND REGULATORY Table 2: WHO Monographs In Final Stages of Preparation - Publication in 2000 The following 29 monographs have been drafted by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine at the Un iversity of Illinois at Chicago. Th e monogra phs are nearing stages of final editing for publ ication in 2000. Common Name Latin Binomial WHO Pharmacopeia! Name Andrographis Herb Andrographis paniculata Herba Andrographi dis Angelica Root Angelica polymorpha var. sinensis Radix Angelicae Sinensis Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Leaf Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Folium Uvae Ursi Basil Leaf Ocimum sanctum Folium Ocimi Sancti Black Cohosh Rhizome Cimicifuga racemosa Rhizoma Cimicifugae Buckthorn Bark Rhamnus frangula Cortex Frangulae Calendula Flower Calendula officina/is Flos Calendulae Cascara Sagrada Bark Rhamnus purshiana Cortex Rhamnui Purshianae Elder Flower Sambucus nigra Flos Sombuci Eleuthero Eleutherococcus senticosus Radi x Eleutherococci Eucalyptus leaf Eucalyptus globulus Folium Eu calypti Eucalyptus oil Eucalyptus globulus Aetheroleum Eucalypti Even ing Primrose Oenothera biennis Oleum Oenotherae Biennis Feverfew Herb Tanacetum parthenium Herba Tanaceti Parthenii Hawthorn Leaf with Flower Cra taegus monogyna Folium et Flore Crataegi Horse Chestnut Seed Aesculus hippocastanum Semen Hippocastani Kava Rh izome Piper methysticum Rhizoma Piperis Methystici Lemon Balm Leaf Melissa officina/is Fol ium Melissae Marshmallow Root Althaea officina/is Rad ix Althaeae Milk Thistle Fruit Silybum marian um Fructus Silybi Mariae Nettle Root Urtica dioica, U. urens Rad ix Urticae Peppermint Leaf Mentha x piperita Fol ium Menthae Piperitae Peppermint Oil Mentha x piperita Aetheroleum Menthae Piperitae Pygeum Bark Prunus (Pygeum) africana Cortex Prun i Africanae Saw Palmetto Berry Serenoa repens Fructus Serenoae Repentis Seneca Snake Root Polygala senega Rad ix Senegae St. John 's Wort Hypericum perforatum Herba Hyperici Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia Aetheroleum Melaleucae Witch Hazel Leaf and Bark Hamamelis virginiana Folium et Cortex Hamamelidis Clove Bud Syzygium aromaticum Flos Caryophylli Source: Mahady, 1999 Table 3: New ESCOP Monographs The following th erapeutic monogra phs are ready for publication by the European Scientific Cooperative for Phytotherapy (ESCOP). ESCOP has previously published monographs on therapeutic uses of 50 herbs. Common Name Latin Name Pharmacopeia! Name Eucalyptus Oil Eucalyptus globulus Eucalypti aetheroleum Echinacea purpurea Herb Echinacea purpurea Echinacea purpurea herba Echinacea purpurea Root Echinacea purpurea Echin acea purpurea radix Echinacea pallida Root Echinacea pal/ida Echinacea pallidae rad ix Chamomile Flower Matricaria recutita M atricaria flos Centaury Herb Centaurium erythraea Centaurii herba Myrrh Gum Commiphora molmol Myrrh a Horse Chestnut Seed Aesculus hippocastanum Hippocastani semen Rhubarb Root Rheum officina/i s Rhei rad ix Hawthorn Leaf with Flower Crataegus monogyna Crateagi folium cum fructus Source: van der Dungen, 1999 1999 HER BALGRAM 47 43 LEGAL AND REGULATORY Table 4: AHP Monograph Status Monographs ei ther published or pending publication by the American Herbal Pharmacopoeia Monographs Published Monographs Being Developed St. John 's wort American ginseng root Motherwort herb Hawthorn leaf with flower Bilberry fruit Nettles leaf Valerian root Black cohosh root Nettles root Hawthorn berry Blue cohosh root Pepperm in t leaf Astra galus root Chamomile flower Sa lvia (Chinese) root Chaste berry Saw palmetto berry Monographs Scheduled Cranberry fruit To Be Published in 1999 Dandelion leaf Schizandra berry (October) Dandelion root W il low bark (December) Dong quai root Echinacea angustifolia root Monograph Drafts Echinacea pallida root Echinacea purpurea root and juice To Be Completed in 1999 Feverfew leaf Ashwagandha root Garlic bu lb Black haw bark Ginger root Cramp bark Ginkgo leaf Goldenseal root Horse chestnut leaf and seed Reishi fru iti ng body Kava root Reishi mycelium Lemon balm leaf Uva ursi leaf Milk thistle seed Momordica herb Source: Petrone, 7999 Table S: Status of USP-NF and USP-DI Botanical Monograph Development USP-DI Information Monograph Development Status Comfrey Final monograph (negative), Dec . 1997 USP-01 Update Feverfew and Powdered Feverfew Final monograph, Feb . 1998 USP-01 Update Ginger and Powdered Ginger Final monograph, Dec . 1997 USP-01U pdate St. John 's Wort and Powdered St. John's Wort Final monograph, May 1998 USP- 01 Update Valerian and Powdered Valerian Final monograph, Dec. 1997 USP-01 Update Chamomile Development work on hold Cranberry Liquid Preparation Monograph being developed* Garlic and Powdered Garlic Development work on hold Garlic Fluid Extract Development work on hold Ginkgo Monograph under review by Advisory Panel* Hawthorn Leaf with Flower and Powdered Hawthorn Leaf with Flower Development work on hold Oriental Ginseng and Powdered Oriental Ginseng Development work on hold Milk Thistle and Powdered M ilk Thistle Monograph be ing developed* Saw Palmetto Monograph under review by Advisory Panel* USP Standards Monograph Development Status Chamomile Official in USP 24-NF 79 Cranberry Liquid Preparation Official in USP 24-NF 7 9 Feverfew and Powdered Feverfew Official in USP 24-NF 7 9 Garlic and Powdered Garlic Official in USP 24-NF 19 *For internal use only continued on next page 44 HERB ALG RAM 47 1999 LEGAL AND REGULATORY continued from previous page TableS: Status of USP-NF and USP-DI Botanical Monograph Development (cont.) USP Standards Monograph Development Status (cont.) Ginger and Powdered Ginger Offic ial in USP 24-NF 19 Ginkgo Official in USP 24-NF 19 Oriental Ginsen g and Powdered Oriental Ginseng Official in USP 24-NF 19 Milk Thistle and Powdered Milk Thistle Official in USP 24-NF 19 St. John 's Wort and Powdered St. John 's Wort Official in USP 24-NF 19 Saw Palmetto and Powdered Saw Palmetto Official in USP 24-NF 19 Valerian and Powdered Valerian Official in USP 24-NF 19 Garlic Fluid Extract Previews in PF 25(4) :Jui-Aug 1999 Ginger Tincture (Oral Solution) Previews in PF 25(4) :Jui-Aug 1999 Powdered Ginkgo Extract Previews in PF 25(2) : Mar-Apr 1999 and In-Process Revision in PF 25(6):Nov-Dec 1999 Ginkgo Tablets Previews in PF 26(6):Nov-Dec 1999 Powdered Oriental Ginseng Extract Previews in PF 25(4):Jui-Aug 1999 Hawthorn Leaf with Flower and Powdered Previews in PF 24( 1) :Jan-Feb 1998 and In-Process Hawthorn Leaf with Flower Revision in PF 24(5):Sep-Oct 1998; monographs under further evaluation by Advisory Panels Saw Palmetto Extract Previews in PF 25(2):Mar-Apr 1999 Powdered St. John 's Wort Extract Previews in PF 25(2):Mar-Apr 1999 Powdered Valerian Extract Previews in PF 24(5):Sep-Oct 1998 and In-Process Revision in PF 25(2):Mar-Apr 1999 Angelica Development work on hold Echinacea purpurea Leaf with Flower Under development Ephedra or Ma Juang Development work on hold American Ginseng Draft under preparation Siberian Ginseng Monograph on hold Golden Seal Root Development pending Kava Kava Development work on hold Licorice Development work on hold Nettle Root Development work on hold USP = United States Pharmacopeia; NF = National Formula ry; PF = Pharmacopeia/ Forum Source: United States Pharmacopeia website 1999 HERBALGRAM47 45 A healer from western Cameroon. Prunus africana Issues in the Commercialization has been used by many different ethnolinguistic of Medicinal Plants groups in Cameroon for by Steven R. King, 1 Elsa N. Meza, 2 Thomas J. S. Carlson, 1 the treatment of 1 benign prostatic Julie A. Chinnock, Katy Moran/ and Jose R. Borges' hyperplasia for centuries. Photo © 1999 Thomas Carlson. During the last decade the potential of Shaman Botanicals.com (SB) discov to fund projects or programs based on the the plant world as a source of new, useful ers and develops novel products for human expressed needs of the community. Ex molecules has been the subject of numerous diseases by isolating active compounds from amples of its short-term reciprocity pro conferences and books. Discussions on these tropical plants with a long hi story of medici grams: providing legal assistance for demar flora have highlighted ethical and legal nal use. By screening plants, used for cen cating traditional lands; building, refurbish frameworks for accessing indigenous knowl turies as medicines, for select diseases, SB ing, and expanding centers of traditional edge and biological resources (Boom, 1990; produces a wide variety of products that are medicine in communities; installing clean Cunningham, 1992; Elizabetsky, 1991 ; di verse in both chemical class and mecha water systems; and supporting community Moran, 1992; Reid et al. , 1993; Posey and nism of action. based public health projects. Outfield , 1996; Baker et al. , 1995; King and SB 's discovery efforts began in 1990. SB also provides medium-term reci Carlson, 1995; Churcher, 1996; lwu, 1996 At that time, SB also establi shed guidelines procity programs that include instituting a, b; Richter and Carlson, 1998). To ensure for reciprocity to indigenous cultures and technology transfer programs that bring that more equal benefits accrue from the use countries that contributed knowledge and tropical scientists to SB 's California labora of biological resources, the United Nations resources to SB 's medicinal pl ant discovery tories for three to 12 months; enabling them Convention on Biological Di versity (CBD) efforts. These guidelines created the foun to learn technical skills in chemistry, phar was created during the Earth Summit in Rio dation for SB 's reciprocity program, which macology, and biology; providing laboratory deJanieroin 1992 (Glowka etal., 1994). By provides short, medium, and long-term sup equipment, solvents, and financial support the end of 1998, 171 nations had ratified the port to indigenous cultures and the appro for research conducted in host countries; CBD, with its stated goals of fostering the priate national governments' conservation funding numerous studies within tropical conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable agencies that manage the countries' biologi countries to evaluate the sustainable harvest use of biodiversity, and the equitable cal resources. ing of indigenous medicinal plants; and pro shari ng of benefits arising from its commer The company contributes up to 15 per viding fi nancial resources to host- cial use. cent of its drug discovery expedition costs The Bugondo culture of Uganda and many others hove used Prunus africana for centuries, but the culture groups do not shore in any of the benefits. Healer (left): Nakayiza Mauricio, midwife, with her moth er in Namalinga Vil lage, Bombo District, Uganda. Funds were supplied by Shaman Botanicals.com to Hea ler Nakayiza help strengthen the clinic M auricio. Photo where Mauricio practices . © 1998 Susa n Photo © 1998 Susan Nelson . Nelson. 46 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 country research organizations and local gered or threatened species. In April 1998, dress the goals of the CBD. communities. an international meeting, "Medicinal Plants Medicinal plants are the source of pri To address long-term reciprocity is for Survival," was convened in Bangalore, mary health care to about 80 percent of the sues, SB formed the Healing Forest Conser India, with 400 delegates from about 35 developing world's population (Farnsworth, vancy, a nonprofit organization dedicated to countries focusing on preserving biocultural et al., 1985). The herb trade and the conservation and preservation of cultural diversity of medicinal plants. Representa phytomedicine industry takes traditional bo and biological diversity. Programs and the tives from communities, companies, non tanical medicines from countries throughout charter of the Conservancy are to promote governmental organi zati ons (NGOs), and the world. These plant-based industries are the long-term survival of the biological di governments discussed the over-exploitation rarely part of the discussion on the impact of versity of tropical forests, particul arly me of medicinal plants. industrialized industries using tropical plants dicinal plants, and the cultural diversity of TRAFFIC, wi ldlife trade monitoring for herbal medicine, even though they have a tropical forest peoples, particularly their tra program of World Wide Fund for Nature ditional knowledge of medicinal plant usage. (WWF), and another NGO, The Nature Con Increasingly, conservationists are servancy (TNC), track the trade of North The fact that pointing out the diminishing di versity and American medicinal plants such as gold supply of medicinal plants sold not as pro enseal (Hydrastis canadensis) and American these plants and cessed pharmaceutical products, but as gi nseng (Panax quinquefolius). There are phytomedicines, herbal medicines, or dietary also botanical gardens such as th e New York their chemical supplements (S heldon et al., 1997; IUCN, Botanical Garden and Missouri Botanical 1997; Lambert, 1997; Leaman et al., 1997; Garden, and conservation organizations con components have Pearce, 1997; ENS, 1998). The German Fed cerned with the loss of medicinal plant spe been patented has eral Agency for Nature Conservati on pub cies. More recently, concerned representa Li shed a trade survey of medicinal plants used tives from the herb and phytomedicine in not, unfortunately, in Germany in 1997 (Lange and Shippman, dustry in the U.S. fo rmed an organization, 1997). This survey is one of a number of the United Plant Savers (UpS). They focus provided lor international initiatives to quantify and main on the conservati on and management of wild tain accurate data on the collection, use, and endangered medicinal plant species. UpS is investments in trade of medicinal plants in countries th at use a coalition of herbalists and phytomedicine benefit sharing large volumes of medicinal plants. The Me companies, researchers, and organizations, dicinal Plant Specialist Group of the Inter such as the American Botanical Council and with the countries national Union for the Conservation of Na the Herb Research Foundation (UpS, 1997). ture (IUCN) consists of over 60 scientists and However, few discussions regarding or cultures that specialists in medicinal pl ant trade through phytomedicines take into account the second out the world. Its mission is to monitor plant and third goals of the CBD: the sustainable first discovered species that are endangered due to the me use of biological diversity and benefit shar their healing dicinal plant trade, publish a directory and ing from revenues generated from pl ants bibliography for medicinal plant conserva origin ally used by indigenous and local properties. tion organizations and publications, and cre people in traditional medicine. In this con ate action plans to reduce pressure on en dan- text, few actions have been initiated that ad- Sylvia Lubwama, Buganda Indigenous Ashanika Traditional Healers culture group Association, Luwero District. discussing A nurse from the Nabayego management of Research Centre where Uncaria tomentoso traditional healers and and Croton lechleri, western- trained practitioners and that they should work together in the treatment be part of benefit of diabetic patients. Shaman sharing for Peruvian Botanicals.com has provided medicinal plants that building funds for this clinic. are exported. Photo Photo © 1998 Susan Nelson. © 1998 Elsa Meza. 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 47 significant impact on the pl ants, environment, countries, and indig cover pure compounds, standardi zed extracts, formulations, or mix enous peoples from whom knowledge and plants are accessed. In tures combining several pl ants. These patents are held by individu Germany alone in 1996, the annual retail sales of over-the-counter als in academia and industry. The patents assigned to the compani es herbal remedi es were US $3.5 billion (Blumenthal et al.. 1998). are generall y phytomedi cine or herbal medicine companies, mostl y Among the countries of Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the United in Europe. The fact that these pl ants and their chemical components Kingdom, and the Netherlands the total phytomedicines sales were have been patented has not, un fo rtunately, provided for investments approximately US $7 billion in 1996 (Blumenthal et al., 1998). One in benefit sharing with the countries or cultures that first discovered of the consequences of thi s volume of sales is a significant impact their healing properties. More and more patents are being fil ed on on the plants, the environment, the countries, and the cultures from well -known medicinal pl ants th at are already traded in stores by whom this knowledge and sometimes these pl ants are obtained compani es all over the world, especiall y those in the U. S., Europe, (Lange, 1997; Leaman et al. , 1997 ; Masood, 1997). Herb and and Japan. phytomedicine companies pay a low price for large volumes of me In Peru during 1995, 726 tons of una de gato ( Uncaria di cinal plant bi omass, package it in their own facilities, then sell th e tomentosa) were harvested and exported to foreign countries (Dejong products at a much hi gher price in northern countries. et al. , 1997). The price paid to the producers, local indigenous people, Such trends are well documented in Europe and are fostered and commercial collectors was generall y quite low, between $0.30 by the rapidly growing consumer market in the U.S. The authors and $0.65 per kilogram. The price for bulk unprocessed una de gato surveyed one of the largest herbal and phytomedi cine stores in San in the U.S. in January 1999 is approximately US $ 11/kilogram. To Francisco, Cali fornia. We examined the labels of products that are the best of our knowledge, with one possible minor exception, there manufactured with 10 medicinal pl ants th at have a long hi story of were no product- generated benefits returned to Peruvian indigenous use by indigenous and traditional cultures (see Table I ). cultures, who are th e ori gin ators of the knowledge regarding use of We found approximately l 00 compani es selling products based thi s plant. on Table I pl ants. We also searched the Intern et for compani es sell Another similar example is pygeum bark, Prunus africana. ing these medicinal plant products. Among I 00 company product In the earl y 1700s Europeans learn ed from South Afri can tribes of labels, we found that only one division of one company indicated th e effect of this bark on bl adder pains (Simons et al. , 1998). Simi th at they were concerned about the conservati on of medicinal plants larl y, the Bakweri people of Cameroon told Europeans th at th e bark and the importance of affected cultural groups receiving benefits of thi s species was good for "old man's di sease" (Mbai, 1998). The from the marketing of products deri ved from indigenous knowledge. plant product is now sold for Beni gn Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Patents have been fil ed on most of these pl ants. The patents In the past few years, the annual harvest of P. africana has been Phytomedicines Discovered by Indigenous Peoples Herb/ Geographic Scientific Therapeutic Phytomedicine Regions Name Category Echinacea United States Echinacea angustifolia, or immunostimulant to treat upper E. purpurea respiratory infections Wild yam North America Dioscorea vi llosa hormone therapy for women Goldenseal North America Hydra stis canadensis antimicrobial Mate Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uraguay /lex paraguariensis stimulant Pygeum Central, East, and West Africa; Prunus africana benign prostatic hyperplasia Madagascar Pau d'arco Brazil, Peru , Colombia, Ecuador Tabebuia impetiginosa, or tumors, cancer, upper T heptaphylla respiratory infections Una de Gato Peru , Bolivia, Ecuador Uncaria tomentosa cancer, immunostimulant Yohimbe West Africa Pausinystalia ;ohimbe aphrodisiac, stimulant Saw palmetto United States Serenoa repens benign prostatic hyperplasi a Kava kava South Pacific Piper methysticum sedative, anxiolytic 48 HER BAlGRAM47 1999 around 3,500 metric tons, much of it coming from Cameroon and for kava kava and virtually no benefit sharing for the cultures from Madagascar (Cunningham and Mbenkum, 1993; Cunningham et al. , which its medicinal use carne. 1997). The price paid to producers of this material was between A recent commercial meeting, "Green Pharmaceuticals 98," $0.20 to $0.35 per kilogram (S imons et al. , 1998). Prunus africana was sponsored by the Intertech Conferences in Vancouver, British is now included in the Convention on the International Trade in En Columbia. This meeting consisted of three days of workshops, lec dangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix II list tures, and training sessions on new opportunities to develop and in an attempt to control over-harvesting (Sunderland and Nkefor, market "Green Pharmaceuticals." Representatives from throughout 1997). An unpublished survey counted 8,000 standing, but dead, the world discussed this rapidly expanding business opportunity, but trees on Mount Oku in Cameroon, and 80 percent of mature trees on of the 25 presentations, none focused on conservation, management, Mount Kilim die as a result of poor harvesting techniques (Simons or benefit sharing. This is common throughout the herbal et al., 1998). There are many important sustainable management phytomedicines industry- promotion of indigenous use, but no re initiatives underway by the WWF/UNESCOIKEW People and Plants turn of benefits to these people or conservation activities to manage initiatives as well as the International Center for Research in biodiversity. Agroforestry (ICRAF). These initiatives should have been funded SB is developing a product based on the principal ingredient and implemented by the corporations engaged in the marketing and (SP-303) derived from the sangre de drago plant (Croton lechleri) sales of pygeum bark products many years ago. used by traditional people throughout Amazonia. This company has There are at least 24 companies in Europe and in the U.S. invested US $1 million into studies of the long-term sustainable man selling products based on this species. The international market in agement and harvest of C. lechleri. We developed a Spanish lan over-the-counter products for pygeum bark was estimated at US $220 guage manual in collaboration with indigenous groups and other million per year (Cunningham et al., 1997). Yet none of these com conservation experts in Latin America to optimize sustainable meth panies return benefits to the cultures or countries from which the ods of managing this species as part of income-generating activities knowledge and material was taken. This is another case of a viola (Meza et al., 1998). Nine additional technical studies on the basic tion of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) goals. There biology and ecology of this species have also been published in Span is both a negative impact on the biological diversity of the species, ish (Meza 1999). and no benefit sharing with the cultures and the peoples who origi In conclusion, the international conservation community is nally discovered the use of the plant. neglecting the huge impact that the botanical medicine industry has Another example is kava kava (Piper methysticum), also sold on tropical people, plants, and ecosystems. The global phytomedicine widely throughout Germany and other countries in Europe. In the economy is aggressively commercializing indigenous knowledge and U.S. the market projection for kava sales in 1998 is $50 million medicinal plants. The U.S . market alone for nutraceuticals, in this (Grady 1998). This plant has documented sedative and tranquiliz case foods and medicinal plants that may be used for health, is around ing effects. Its origin is the South Pacific, where indigenous peoples US $17 billion per year (Mannion, 1998). This sector is undergoing use it for ceremonial purposes. The ritual context of the use of kava explosive growth in the development of new business, markets, and kava is highly complex and significant to the cultures of origin. consumers (Brevoort, 1995). Despite the Convention of Biological Attempts to initiate large scale cultivation that can add some ben Diversity, the phytomedicine and herbal industries are enjoying a efits to local peoples are in process. Culti vation and sustainable period of uncontrolled, undocumented, and poorly managed free ac management of this species is one way in which local people can cess to medicinal plants and cultural knowledge throughout the world. benefit. In general, however, despite the massive marketing of this Organizations concerned with the sustainable development and eq plant in Europe and in the U.S., there are few conservation activities uitable sharing of benefits from medicinal products must create These women healers are This healer is also from the Maninka cultural from the Maninka group in Guinea , West cultural group in Africa. Healers from this Guinea, West Aftica. culture have used Photo© 1999 Pausinystalia iohimbe as Thomas Carlson. an aphrodisiac and a stimulant for centuries. Photo © 1999 Thomas Carlson. 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 49 0ESAARQU.:ANDO.NUES1RA 0tv£RSIDAD BIOCULT\JRAL: "SANGRE DE GRADO" Y EL RETO DE SU PRODUCCION peutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Austin: American Botanical Council; SUS"TEr-rl"ABU! EN £L PERO • N Mu•le.lk'll., Boston: Integrative Medicine Communication; 1998 . Shaman Botanicals.com Brevoort P. The US Botanical Market. HerbalGram. 1995;36:49-57 collaborated with Carlson TS, Iwu M, King SR, Obialor C, Ozioko A. Medicinal Plant Re indigenous groups and search in Nigeria: An Approach for Compliance with the Convention on other conservation experts Biological Diversity. Diversity. 1997;13(1):29-33. to develop this Spanish Chinnock JA , Balick MJ, Camberos S. Traditional Healers and Modern language manual: Science-Bridging the Gap: Belize, a Case Study. Building Bridges with Developing our Biocultural Traditional Knowledge, edited by Paul A, Wigston D, and Peters C. New Diversity: "Dragon's York: New York Botanical Garden Press; In press. Blood" and the Challenge Churcher T. Partial Directory of Guidance Documents Relating to of its Sustainable Biodiversity and Cultural Knowledge Research and Prospecting. Production in Peru by Elsa Biodiversity & Ethics Working Group of Pew Conservation Fellows. N. Meza, Editor. Berkeley: University of California. Unpublished manuscript; 1996. Cunningham AB, Mbenkum FT. Sustainability of Harvesting of Prunus africana Bark in Cameroon . A Medicinal Plant in International Trade. People and Plants Working Paper 2. Paris, UNESCO; 1993. Cunningham AB. Botanists, Brokers and Biodiversity. Paper presented at models of equitable benefit sharing that also contribute to the flour the Third Meeting of the International Society for Ethnobiology, Mexico ishing and sustainability of biological and cultural diversity. The City; 1992. management and cultivation of non-timber forest products in tropi- Cunningham M, Cunningham AB, and Schippmann U. Trade in Prunus africana and the Implementation of CITES. German Federal Agency Na ture Conservation Report. Bonn, Germany; 1997. More and more patents are de Jong W. 1997. Center for International Forestry Research, Una de gato: Fate and Future of a Peruvian Forest Resource. Melnyk M, USAID, being filed on well·lcnown Global Environment Center. Lozano,L, Rosales M, Garcia M, Insituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales.Elisabetsky E. Sociopolitical, Economi meditinal plants that are cal and Ethical Issues in Medicinal Plant Research. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991 ;32( 1-2):235-239. already traded in stores by Herbal Renaissance Puts Europe's Plants at Risk. (June 18, 1998) [online]. 50 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 ron mental Protection Concerns. Edited by Wozniak D, Yuen S, Garrett, (Adapted from a book, From Plants in the South to Medicines in the North: M, Shuman T. San Diego: International Institute for Human Resources Perspectives on Bioprospecting. To be published by the Center for Env i Development; 1998. ronment, University of Oslo: In press .) Lambert J, Srivastava J, Vietmeyer N. Medicinal Plants, Rescuing a Glo bal Heritage. World Bank Technical Paper 355. World Bank, Washing 1 Shaman Botanicals.com, South San Francisco, California ton, D.C.; 1997. 2 Senior Research Forester, Shaman Botanicals.com Lange D. Report Looks into Health of Medicin al Pl ants. PI am Talk . I 997: 3 Healing Forest Conservancy, Washington. D.C. 4:12. Lange D and Shippman U. Trade Survey of Medicinal Plants in Germam; a Contribution to lntemational Plant Species Conserva tion. German Federal Agency for ature Conservation; 1997. Leaman D, Shippmann U, and Glowka L. Environmental Protection Con cerns of Prospecting for and Producing Plant-Based Drugs. international Symposium on Herbal Medicine. Wozniak D, Yuen S, Garrett M, Shuman T, editors. San Diego: International In stitute for Human Resources De ve lopment; I 998 Mannion M. Nutraceutical Revo lution Continues at Foundation for Inno CD ROM NOW AVAILABLE! vation in Medicine Conference. Am J Natural Med. I 998;5 (7):30. Masood E. Medicinal Plants Threatened by Over-Use. Nature. I 997 Feb. I 3;(385):570 Mbai VN. Prunus african a- The Brown Gold of Mount Cameroon. Prunus Bulletin Annuel d' Informations de PlanteCam. 1998;7: 15-17. Meza E, Aya la F, Castefiel M, Forero L, Pefi a M, Ortiz A, KingS, Borges B. £1 Manejo Sostenible de Sangre de Dragoo Sangre de Grado. Material Educativo. South San Francisco: Shaman Pharmaceuticals; I 998. Meza E. ed. Conservando Ia Biodiversidad Cultural "Sangre de Grado" r el Reto de Ia Producci6n Suslenable en el Peni. Lima: Propaceb; 1999 Moran K. Ethnobiology and U.S. Policy. Sustainable Harvest and Market ing of Rainforest Producls. Edited by M. Plotkin, and L. Favolare. Wash ington , D.C.: Island Press; 1992. Moran K. Returning Benefits From Ethnobotanical Drug Discovery to Na tive Communities. Biodiversity and Human Health .. Washington, D.C.: Island Press; I 997. Moran K. Convention on Biological Diversity: Case studies on Benefit Shar American Botanical Council's English translation of the ing Arrangements. Mechanisms for Benefit Sharing: Nigerian Case Study German Commission EMonographs for the Convention on Biological Diversity. Bratislava: Convention of Mark Blumentha l, Senior Editor Sigrid Klein, Ph.D., Senior Translator Biological Diversity ; 1998. Werner R. Busse, Alicia Goldberg, Joerg Gruenwald, RobertS. Rister, Associate Translator Pearce F. Herbal Cures Means Plants Suffer. New Scielllist. 1997 Feb. Taro Hall, Chance W. Riggins, 15 :6. RobertS. Rister, Associate Editors. Posey DA , Outfield G. Beyond Intellectual Property: Toward Traditional Resource Rights for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Ottawa: 380 Monographs International Deve lopment Research Centre; I 996. 190 Herbs and fixed combinations Th e co mplete book Reid W, Laird S, Meyer C, Gamez R, Sittenfeld A, Janzen D, Gollin M, proven for therapeutic use Juma C. Biodiversity Prospecting: Using Resources for Sustainable De $165 velopment. Washington, D.C.: World Resources In stitute; I 993. 150 Indications plus shipping Richter R, Carlson T. Report of Biological Assay Results on Tropical Me Glossary of medical, pharmaceutical, #8181 di cin al Plants to Host Country Collaborators. J Ethnopharmacol. and technical terms 1998;62:85-88. Common, latin, Pharmocopeial, Sheldon J, Balick M, LairdS. Medicinal Plants. Can Uti li zation and Con CD Rom 1\ow ."\vailabl e se rvation Coexist? Advances in Economic Botan): I997; 12: 1-104. and German names Simons A, Dawson I, Duguma B, Tchoundjeu Z. Passing Problems: Pros Cross referenced $99 tate and Prunus, African Team Works to Maintai n Sustainable Supply of plus shipping The Complete German Commission EMonographs Pygeum Bark . Herba/Gram. 1998;43:49-53. Therapeutic Guide To Herbal Medicines. #CI81 Sunderland T, Nkefor J. Conservalion through Cultivation. A Case Studr: American Botanical Council, Austin, TX; Th e Propagation of Pygeum-Prunus africana. TAA Newsletter, Decem Integrative Medicine Communications, Boston, MA. ber: 5-12, 1997. United Plant Savers. UpS Newslelter Vol. 1,#2 East Barre, Vermont: UpS; Proceeds from the sale of catalog items fund non-profit education and research pro;ects. 1997. PHONE TOLL FREE 800/373-71 OS 1999 HERB ALGRAM 47 51 AnD THLYAitm Africa as Ethnopharmacological Treasury by Peter A.G.M. De Smet- Scientific Institute Dutch Pharmacists, The Hague The Afrika Museum in Berg en Dal (the Netherlands) looks for the cause of the patient's misfortune in the relation be tween the patient and his social and physical environment. African presented an exhibition of a unique ethnopharmacological healing is an inextricable part of African religion; when this frame outlook on sub-Saharan Africa. The exhibition runs from work is understood, it no longer is an incoherent collection of ratio nal and irrational acts but a condensed expression of basic beliefs April to December 1999. The items presented in this concerning life, good and evil, and the etiology of illness. article were part of that presentation. Sub-Saharan Africa carries 21 percent of the global burden of disease, whereas it only spends 0.7 percent of the total health care CONCEPT OF THE EXHIBITION budget of the world (Murray, 1997). More than half of this burden Ethnopharrnacology is the scientific discipline that explores is due to communicable diseases, such as malaria, and almost one the pharmacological basis of traditional medicines, intoxicants, and third is directly related to malnutrition. To visualize this aspect of poisons. Its focus ranges from the first-hand observation of native African life, African masks and statues with recognizable patholog practices by early travelers and anthropologists through the identifi ical symptoms are displayed. Some representations serve a didactic cation of crude ingredients and their constituents by botanists, zool or moralistic purpose (Figures 1-2). Other sculptures are used in ogists and chemists to the evaluation of wanted and unwanted drug healing and portray the pathological symptom they are intended to · effects by pharmacologists and toxicologists. cure (Figure 3). Indigenous diseases may also be represented to Tilustrated by hundreds of native objects, the exhibition re please the Western customer ("tourist art"). views the ingenious ways in which sub-Saharan African natives use herbal and animal products as traditional medicines, intoxicants, and DIVINATION AND HEALING poisons in their struggle for survival and in their quest for religious Divination and healing in Africa are often practiced by the experiences. It highlights the significance of traditional plants for same person, since both acts can only be carried out by someone African populations and for Western societies, and demonstrates that with the powers to deal with the spiritual realm. It is not surprising the plant kingdom has more to offer than a bouquet to cheer up the then that diviners are usually listed as one of the most important bedridden patient. This ethnopharmacological approach is not pre types of traditional African healers. Unlike Western fortune-tellers, sented in isolation, but placed within a broad biomedical and an who predict the future, diviners look for disturbing events in the thropological context. The biomedical perspective makes clear which past that would cause or continue to cause misfortune, if left un diseases African healers have to take care of and which biomedical treated. methods other than herbal therapies are available to them. The an Ethnopharmacologically, the most intriguing method of Afri thropological outlook elucidates the African view on health and heal can divination is the poison ordeal, in which someone suspected of ing. The acts of African healers and patients become coherent as witchcraft is given a plant poison to determine his or her guilt or soon as their religious and social roots are understood. innocence (Figure 4). The accused was deemed innocent when the poison resulted in vomiting, whereas he was considered guilty when AFRICAN VIEW OF ILLNESS he retained the poison. In the latter case, he would be allowed to die Traditional Africans believe that everything is imbued with from the effects or be punished in some other fashion. a life force. This spirit or power is the essence of every living crea The magical inclination of African healers takes nothing away ture, deceased ancestor, inanimate object, and natural event, such as from the fact that many are experienced and skilled in one or more a thunderstorm. Preservation or restoration of health cannot be pur biomedical aspects of their profession, such as herbalism, midwifery, sued without involving these life forces, all of which have their own or surgery. There has been a tendency in Western medical journals personality and cosmic place. A healer's power is not determined to play down such expertise by predominantly presenting the iatro by the number of medicinal tree barks he knows, but by his ability to genic [induced in a patient by a docotor's actions or treatment] risks apply his understanding of the intricate relations between all things of traditional African medicine (Figure 5). While it cannot be de for the good of the patient and the whole community. Unlike a phy nied that sometimes there is genuine cause for concern, it would be sician trained in Western biomedicine, the traditional African healer unfair to pass judgment on African healing only on the basis of its 52 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 worst outcomes. Instead, the exhibition considers African._healing REJECTION OR COOPERATION with a sympathetic eye and with emphasis on its best biomedical Traditional healers constitute either the principal or only pro manifestations. fessional form of health care services for the large majority of Afri cans, particularly those living in rural areas. Surveys have consistent HERBALISM ly shown that they are willing to learn more about We tern medicine In many parts of Africa, common ailments, such as headache and to cooperate with their biomedical counterparts, because they or cough, are considered diseases due to natural causes. Their symp expect that this will increase their prestige, recognition, and income. toms are treated at the household level, without resorting to magical With the exception of traditional birth attendants, however, well func practices. For other illnesses, or when a common ailment persists, tioning programs of collaboration have been scarce, and no pilo recourse is made to divination or herbalism (Figures 6 and 19). project ha ever reached the tage where it could be implemented at African herbal medicines are applied to every part of the body the level of a national health y tern. One of the rea on is oppo i in every conceivable way. There are oral dosage forms, enemas, tion from the biomedical establi hment. Another ob tacle i that a fumes to be inhaled, vaginal preparations, fluids administered into traditional healer cannot be readily incorporated into the primary the urethra, dermatological preparations, and lotions and drops for health care system as a community health worker becau e thi would the eye, ear, and nose. Enemas are much more popular in sub-Sa imply acceptance of the uperiority ofWestem medicine. That new haran Africa than in Anglo-Saxon countries (Figures 7-8). Zulu role would cause alienation from hi or her traditional root and the natives may use up to three enema a week, and it is estimated that client would feel that the healer no longer had control over the total at least one million enemas are applied every month in Soweto. healing process. Since different paradigm of health and illne tand Another characteri tic dosage form for Africa is the so-called chew ing brush, widely used for dental self-care. Pencil-sized sticks are fashioned from plant parts and chewed on one end until a brush IT IS EASIER TO INCORPORATE results that can be used for teeth cleansing. The brushes have an obvious potential for mechanical cleansing when a correct techni HERBAL MEDICINES INTO BASIC que is employed, and several types of sticks from some plants al o YlESTERN HEALT 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 53 provide contact with the ancestors and an anticipatory vision of life Paclitaxel has a complex molecular structure that would never have in the other world. The effect of such high doses can last up to a been dreamt up by an organic chemist, and it stops cancer growth in week and for that reason the Fang ay they can only tolerate them a previously unknown way. Since its introduction in 1993, it has once or twice in a lifetime. gained a prominent place in the treatment of patients with ovarian and breast cancers. North American Indians valued the Pacific yew POISONS for its medicinal properties, but apparently did not use it as an anti Many African peoples make their hunting trips more effec cancer agent. More often than not, however, plant drugs are disco tive by applying poisonous materials to their arrow tips. More than vered in studies that search for the bioactive principles of tradition 250 different African plants have been identified as ingredients of ally used plant materials. Almost three-quarters of classic plant drugs arrow poisons. Remarkably, the same or similar active principles have the same or related uses as the traditional plant from which occur in different poisons from different regions, and they are also they were isolated. That is, the ethnopharmacological focus on tra found in arrow poisons from other continents. For instance, the root ditional drugs and poisons offers an attractive avenue for the bio bark of Strychnos usambarensis, employed as an arrow poison by medical development of new drugs. A spectacular example is the the Nyambo hunters of Rwanda and Tanzania, contains the same antimalarial agent artemisin, derived from the Chinese medicinal muscle relaxant alkaloids as the Strychnos species used by South herb qing hao (Artemisia annua). This herb was already recom American Indians to prepare a type of curare (Figure 17). mended in China as a treatment for feverish illnesses in the fourth Another widespread practice is the throwing of stupefying century C.E. plants into the water, so that the fish start to float and can be gath Traditional African plants can also make an important con ered more easily. Again, there is a remarkable similarity in the ac tribution (Table 2). A recent example is Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. tive principles of fish poisons from other African regions and from Healers in Ghana use an aqueous root extract to treat symptoms that could occur in diabetes. A study of human patients with type 2 (non SINCE MORE THAN HALF OF insulin dependent) diabetes has confirmed that the aqueous root ex tract lowers blood glucose levels (Luo et al., 1998; Bierer et al. , ALL THE WORLD'S PLANT 1998), and laboratory testing has identified the alkaloid cryptolepine as the major antidiabetic constituent (Bierer et al., 1998). SPECIES GROW IN TROPICAL Cryptolepine is now being used as a lead for the development of RAIN FORESTS, IT IS new antidiabetic compounds. In addition to purified plant drugs, crude herbal preparations DISHEARTENING THAT HALF have gained or recovered a medicinal role in Western societies. Eu ropeans spend at least US $6 billion per year on non-prescription OF THESE FORESTS ARE herbal medicines (OTC bulletin 1996). Dutch examples of non-pre scription food supplements prepared from African plants are rooibos ALREADY GONE FOREVER. tea (Aspalathus linearis) as a caffeine-free alternative to ordinary tea, and devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) for rheumatic THE REMAINING HALF disorders and lower back pain. In Germany, there is also an impres sive market for herbal prescription medicines. Every year, German DISAPPEARS AT AN ALARMING physicians prescribe for more than DM 1 billion of herbal preparati RATE OF ONE HECTARE EVERY ons (Schwabe and Paffrath,/ 1996). Some of these come from Afri can plants: Umckaloabo® (from Pelargonium reniforme and P. THREE TO FOUR SECONDS. sidoides) is often given for respiratory infections and Uzara™ (from Xysmalobium undulatum) for diarrhea. In 1995, these preparations different continents. The most important ones are either saponins were prescribed 200,000 times by German physicians, correspond or rotenoids. These classes of compounds have different mecha ing to total retail sales of DM 3.7 million (Schwabe and Paffrath, nisms of action, but both have a toxic effect on the fish gill. (De 1996) (Figure 18) . Smet, 1992, 1992c; Neuwinger, 1994). Crude herbal medicines are even more important for African societies. They are not only essential in traditional healing, but can MEDICINAL PLANT COMPOUNDS AND PLANT also play a significant role in the Western medicine that is practiced EXTRACTS in Africa. It is easier to incorporate herbal medicines into basic It is often believed that today all major Western medicines Western health care than it is to integrate traditional healers. Herbal come from a chemical laboratory and that it is, therefore, old-fash medicines are readily accepted and widely used, and they offer the ioned to study natural products. This is quite a misconception, be economic advantage that they are much less costly than Western cause more than half of today's best-selling drugs are directly or synthetic pharmaceuticals. Ethnopharmacology can play an impor indirectly based on naturally occurring substances (Table 1). tant role in this domain. Its critical evaluations can bring to light The most important new anticancer drug, paclitaxel® or which traditional plants are effective and sufficiently safe for taxol®, comes from the bark of the Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia), a widespread promotion and incorporation into the formal healthcare tree growing wild in the northwestern U.S. and western Canada. ystem. 54 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 BENEFIT SHARING AND CONSERVATION ACCOMPANYING BOOK Western drug developers must respect the intellectual prop The original idea for the African exhibition came from the erty rights of the indigenous users of plant medicines. When their author of this article, who was invited to act as an honorary curator. search for new medicines starts from traditional knowledge about His scientific review on the significance of nature as a ource of plants, they must provide adequate compensation for the baring of medicines, and on the traditional pharmacology and medicine in that knowledge. This principle of equitable sharing of benefits has Africa, were transformed into a book called Herbs, Health and Heal been formally laid down in the Convention on Biological Diversity, ers. This publication accompanies the exhibition but is just as use framed in 1992 during the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. At the ful and enjoyable on its own. On the one hand, it can be read a a end of 1998, the Convention had been ratified by the European textbook, with more than 150 carefully selected references to read Community and 144 individual countries. Unfortunately, the ers intere ted in the scientific background of the variou topic . On Convention outlines the rights of nations to their biodiver ity and to the other hand, it can be browsed as a coffee table book, with over regulate access to genetic resources only in broad general terms, 370 illustrations (mostly in color) of native object , field photograph , and traditional plants. Unlike an average exhibition catalogue on THIS LOSS OF IRREPLACEABLE African art, the book does not provide object-by-object descriptions that have been arranged in some cultural or geographical order. In GENETIC RESOURCES IS stead, the pictures of African objects and traditional practices illus trate the ethnopharmacological and ethnomedical torie that need ACCOMPANIED BY THE to be told about Africa. To emphasize that this continent is a real DISAPPEARANCE OF ethnopharmacological treasury, the book provides over 40 well docu mented examples of plants and animals that are rightly valued by TRADITIONAL MEDICINES AND African natives for their pharmacological propertie (Figure 20). INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE. REFERENCES Angenot L, Dubois M, Ginion C, Van Dor er W Dre e A. Chemical without providing concrete models for their execution and enforce structure and pharmacological (curarizing properties of various indloe ment. As a result, the Convention has not even come close to achiev alkaloids extracted from an African Strychnos species. Arch lnt ing its goals. Pharmacodynamie Therapie. 1975;215, 246-258. The Convention is not only built around benefit sharing but Anon. Germany leads in branded phytomedicines. OTC Bulletin. 1996 Jun 14:15. also concentrates on the conservation and sustainable use of Bierer DE, Fort DM, Mendez CD, Luo J, lmbach PA, Dubenko LG, Jolad biodiversity. After all, rights to traditional medicines can only be SD, et al. Ethnobotanical-directed discovery of the antihyperglycemic asserted as long as the source plants remain available for properties of cryptolepine: its isolation from Cryptolepsis sanguinolenta, ethnopharmacological explorations. Since more than half of the synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo activities. J Med Chern. 1998;41 :894- world's plant species grow in tropical rain forests, it is disheartening 901. that half of these forests are already gone forever. The remaining DeSmet PAGM. l992c. Ethnopharrnacological Art in perspective: a Maya half disappears at an alarming rate of one hectare every three to four Rain God in shallow waters. lnt Pharm J. 6:277-285. seconds. When we keep losing tropical rain forests at this rapid - 1997. The role of plant-derived drugs and herbal medicines in health pace, the consequence of their enormous biodiversity is that at least care. Drugs. 54:801-40. two higher plant species become extinct every day. This loss of - 1998. Traditional pharmacology and medicine in Africa. Ethnopharrna cological themes in ub-Saharan art objects and utensils. J Ethnophar irreplaceable genetic resources is accompanied by the disappearan macol. 63:1-179. ce of traditional medicines and indigenous knowledge. To prevent - 1999. Herbs, Health And Healers. Africa as Ethnopharmacological that from happening, positive action is required at every possible Treasury. Berg en Dal: Afrika Museum. level, ranging from local initiatives and scientific research to govern Lefeber Y. 1994. Midwives without training. Practices and Beliefs of Tra mental support and international agreements. ditional Birth Attendants in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Ph.D. The An example of a viable African initiative that translates the sis. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen. broad intentions of the Convention into specific activities is the Biore Luo J, Fort DMN, Carlson RJ, Noamesi B, nii-Amon-Kotei D, King SR, et sources Development and Conservation program. This non-go al. Cryptolepine, a potentially useful new antihyperglycemic agent iso vernmental program is active in five different African countries lated from Cryptolepis sanguinolenta: an example of the ethnobotanical (Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Nigeria). It develops and ap approach to drug discovery. Diabetic Med. 1998; 15 :367-374. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global mortality, diability, and the contribution of plies models and methods for the conservation of African plants and risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997;349, 1436- for their medicinal prospecting on the basis of leads from traditional 1442. knowledge. Through equitable arrangements with Western partners, Neuwinger HD Fish poisoning plants in Africa. Botanica Acta. the program enhances local scientific and technical capabilities, so 1994;107:264-270. that the local organizations become better equipped for the research Schwabe U, Paffrath D, Eds. Arzneiverordnungs-Report '96. Aktuelle Daten, and exploitation of their own environments. Kosten, Trands un Kommentare. Gustav Fischer Verlag: Stuttgart; 1996. 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 55 Figure 1 This noseless mask of the East Nigerian lbibio probably represents gangosa, a nasal destruction which occurs in the late stage of treponema! diseases (yaws and endemic syphilis) . The mask warns the beholder which disease may be inflicted upon him if he deviates from the narrow path of righteousness. Author's collection. Figure 2 The Congolese Pende wear all kinds of mbuya masks in their dance festivals to represent different human types. This so-called mbangu mask represents an epileptic who has fallen into the fire. The mask illustrates the risk that an epileptic can fall forward into a fire and sustain facial burns when the fl ickering flames trigger a seizure. Its message to the audience is that people should never mock physically deformed persons, because the sorcerer is responsible and can inflict such infirmities on anyone. Collection Felix, Belgium. Figure 3 Magical mu'po statue from the Bamileke people of the Cameroon Grasslands, used in healing rituals of the secret Ku 'ngang society. The goiter represented corresponds to the disease to be treated. Goiter often occurs in the Balimeke region and there is evidence that consumption of inappropriately prepared cassava (Monihot esculento) ploys a contributory role. There is a cyanogenic glucoside in cassava that must be removed by processing; otherwise it w ill be release cyanide in the body, which is changed into the goitrogenic metabolite thiocyanate. Author's collection. 56 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 Figure 4 This Akan goldweight from Ghana portrays the collection of the bark of the red water tree (Erythrophleum suaveolens), which was the most widely used ordeal poison of Africa . The power of the bark would be compromised if the bark would fall on the ground before its use, so two persons were needed to collect it. The underlying proverbial meaning is that, for certain things in life, one needs a partner. Ethnopharmacological research has shown that the bark of an older red water tree contains more alkaloids and is, therefore, more poisonous than the bark of a younger tree. In other words, the potency of the bark could be influenced by selecting a source tree of a certain age. Collection Karl-Heinz Krieg, Neuenkirchen . Figure 5 Carved device for eyewashing from a Swahili-speaking people in Tanzania . African traditional eye preparations entail a risk of eye damage, because they may introduce toxic substances or pathogenic micrcrorganisms directly into the eye. Collection Felix, Belgium . Figure 6 The native inhabitants of Africa use thousands of different source plants for medicinal purposes, so any attempt to provide an overview at the exhibition would be futile. Instead, the exhibition presents various examples of South African medicinal plants that are used in Western society as ornamental plants and which can be readily found in Western garden centers. An example is Hamanthus albiflos (Amaryllidaceae), the bulbs of which are used as infusions for chronic coughs. 1999 HERBAlGRAM 47 57 Figure 7 Ceramic statue from West Africa representing the administration of an enema through a funnel. Figurines of this kind are intended for foreign buyers and have no indigenous significance. Author's collection. Figure 8 Impressive Kuba figure holding a decorated funnel used for the administration of enemas . Statues of this kind are known as ndop and their number is quite limited. Most ndop statues represent a king, but this particular specimen does not have royal attributes and portrays an important regent between two kings. Collection Felix, Belgium. Figure 9 Nigerian figure of a Yoruba priest of the Shopono cult. Its relation to this smallpox-causing god is indicated by the strings of calabashes for medicine around the middle, the medicine container in the left hand, the hanging veil of cowrie shells, and the lidded reservoir for power substance on top of the head . Yoruba priests preserved smallpox scabs for long periods so that they could start variolation at any time. Collection Afrika Museum, Berg en Dol. 58 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 Figure 10 A most remarkable surgical procedure in Africa is trepanation in which an opening is made into the bone of the skull. It is still practiced by the Kenyan Gusii people, mainly for acute cranial trauma and post-traumatic headache. The role of the assistant is more one of support than of restraint. Collection Frank Froeling, The Hague . Figure 11 Woyo figure of a man holding a jug of alcohol and a cup in his hands. The frequency of such drinking figures is related to European importation of large quantities of alcoholic beverages into the region in the 19th century. These beverages were sought after as symbols of prestige, and their consumption was considered a privilege of the rich . Collection Felix, Belgium. Figure 12 large kola nut dish of the Southeast Nigerian lgbo people, who call such platters okwa oji (dish kola) . They use them for serving kola nuts and other foods to their guests. The dish has a lidded cavity in the center, meant for condiments, such as pepper mashed with peanuts. Just as African hikers consume kola nuts on long and tiring walks, Western athletes sometimes use caffeine to enhance their performance. Research data suggest that caffeine may indeed have such an effect, when it is taken in sufficient amounts. For this reason, the International Olympic Committee classifies caffeine as a doping agent and requires that its amount in the urine of athletes does not exceed a certain level. Author's collection . 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 59 Figure 13 luba/Kasai pipe in the form of a figure smoking a water pipe. Basically, water pipes consist of a large container holding water or some other liquid, a bowl with a stem dropping down into the liquid, and a stem from the large chamber from which the smoker draws the smoke. The luba attribute symbolic meaning to the practical construction of such water pipes. They consider the hot pipe bowl and the cool water container as two female forces with opposed qualities, connected with each other by a reed as male element. One of the main reasons for using water pipes is that the process of bubbling the smoke through the liquid makes it cooler and less harsh . Th is latter effect is particularly useful when there has not been enough time to remove the harshness of tobacco by sun-drying. Collection Felix, Belgium . Figure 14 This small mortar of the Congolese Bena lulua was employed for grinding hemp and tobacco. There are diverse interpretations in the literature of the emaciated squatting figure. Some consider the figure is smoking hemp before he goes hunting. Others interpret it as a victim of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) or as a magical sculpture invoked for curing dysentery. It has also been suggested that it may portray the physical sequelae of the excessive use of hemp, as if to provide a health warning to the beholder. Collection Felix, Belgium. Figure 15 Spirit mediums of the Nigerian Hause sometimes use Datura mete/ to induce a trance. Th is herb, rich in deliriant alkaloids, is an excellent tool for this purpose. Several other Datura preparations are ingested, sniffed, or smoked elsewhere in Africa for divinatory and initiatory purposes. 60 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 Figure 16 Pillars used by the Gabonese Tsogho people to decorate a temple of the Bwiti cult, whose members take the hallucinogenic iboga root. The two sculptures on top represent the first ancestors, Nzambe-Kana (mole) and Disumba (female) . Collection Afrika Museum, Berg en Dol. Figure 17 Quiver with arrows from Tanzanian or Rwandan Nyembo hunters. Nyembo arrow poisons ore prepared from Acokanthera schimperi, Strychnos usambarensis, or both. The former source is rich in cardiac glycosides, whereas the latter contains the same muscle relaxant alkaloids as South American curares prepared from Strychnos spp. (dihydrotoxiferine, calebassine, Ccurorine) (Angenot, Dubois, G inion, Von Dorsser, Dresse) . Collection Luc Angenot, Liege. Figure 18 The German prescription medicine Umckoloobo 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 61 Figure 19 These packages of South African medicinal plants were purchased in a Dutch garden center. On the left is Agoponthus ofriconus (AIIiaceae) . Decoctions of its root (on its own or in combination with other plants) are used orally or as enemas during pregnancy to ensure healthy children and on easy labor. They are also given to the baby immediately after birth. On the right is Eucomis bicolor (Hyacinthaceae), the bulbs of which are probably used as purgatives. Figure 20 The subterrestrial and aerial parts of Tobernoemontono crosso (Apocynaceae) are rich in indole alkaloids. Its leaves are used in Nigeria as a local anesthetic in bonesetting, a painful surgical procedure. The steam of boiling leaves is applied to the painful joint before resetting and the boiled leaves are placed over the affected area for half an hour after the procedure. The local anesthetic properties of the hot water leaf extract have been confirmed in animal models. Table 1: Bestselling Drugs of Natural Source in Dutch Community Pharmacies Total value of 25 bestselling drugs/ 7998 - 1,787 million Dutch guilders (*) 8 drugs derived from substances in human body 446 million (25 percent) 4 drugs derived from fungal substance 349 million ( 19 percent) 2 drugs derived from snake venom 142 million ( 8 percent) 2 drugs derived from higher plant substance 83 million ( 5 percent) Total: 16 drugs (64 percent) derived from nature · 1,020 million (57 percent) Source: © Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics, The Hague * 1 Dutch guilder is approximately 0 .5 US $ Table 2: Plant Derived Drugs Found in African plants Drug substance Clinical use African origin?* African source plant Caffeine Neonatal apnea no Cola spp. Colchicine Gout no Glorioso superba Cryptolepine Diabetes** yes Cryptolepis sanguinolenta Galantomine Alzheimer's disease; mania no Pancratium trianthum Hypoxoside Cancer** yes Hypoxis spp. Ibogaine Addiction to opiates/cocaine yes Tabernanthe iboga Methyl salicylate Rubefacient no Securidaca longipedunculata Ouabain Heart failure yes Strophanthus gratus Physostigmine Alzheimer's disease** yes Physostigma venenosum Reserpine Hypertension no Rauvolfia vomitoria Vinblastine Cancer yes Catharanthus roseus Vincristine Cancer yes Catharonthus roseus Yohimbine Impotence yes Pausinystalia yohimbe * Although the plant is African, the commerical drug is derived from other sources. **Clinical use still investigational (i.e. in experimental stage) ~l@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll@ll~ 62 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 MARKET REPORT MARKET REPORTO NHERBS AND SPICES by Peter Landes, KHL Flavors Spices: The second quarter of 1999 Cloves and must import from elsewhere. is not large by any means and this past has been very interesting in these markets. Prices since our last report have risen from summer's cheap sales of C hinese W hite Probably the most interesting has been the about $0.72/lb to around $2.35 at this time, Pepper have mostly gone unfulfilled. These incredible run-up in the price of Cloves over with further increases possible. It should were sold on the infamous "Chinese Con the last couple of months. This is due to the be noted that as this is written another tract" basis that in effect is no contract at only factor that counts in the Clove market: bloody chapter of Indonesian history is un all. The buyer is only entitled to hope that Indonesia. As the world's largest producer folding in East Timor-market effects un he/she gets decent merchandise at the con and consumer of Cloves the market is al known and unpredictable at the present tracted price during the contracted time pe most entirely controlled by the size of the time. Stay tuned ... riod. Of course, this rarely happens; often Indonesian crop. If Indonesia has an ad Fears of a total crop failure of Cen the price goes up and the merchandise is not equate supply prices remain very low; if tral American crops such as Allspice and shipped, or the merchandise is late or not Indonesia needs to import Cloves the price Cardamom due to last fall's Hurricane shipped at all, or the merchandise is wet and goes up much farther and much faster than Mitch seem at least overdone if not entirely bad and the buyer is actually better off if logic would lead anyone to believe. Indo misplaced. Prices quickly tripled for avail the merchandise were not shipped. This year nesia uses about I 00,000 tons of Cloves able goods but the real question was all three took place: price went up, contracts every year and reports indicate a shortfall whether the trees will recover to produce a were defaulted on or renegotiated upward, of 30,000 tons this year. Now, many of you crop this fall at all. Tentatively, the answer and merchandise had about 18% moisture may well be wondering what even the seems to be, "Yes-for a price." Prices have so was really pretty bad on top of every fourth-most-populous nation on earth could opened this year at about double the initial thing else. Sar awak W hite Pepper from possibly do with I 00,000 tons of something asking price for last year, pre-hurricane. Malaysia sold out early and the crop was that probably no American has ever used a Less predictable, as usual , are the not very large and Brazil may or may not pound of in a year. Well, Indonesians mix human elements of market movement. The produce White Pepper this year. All in all, them with tobacco and smoke them in their Black Pepper market continues counter this leaves buyers scrambling for limited, ubiquitous Kretek cigarettes. These are intuitive with a reasonably large crop in tightly-held (mostly by people with real Indonesia's most popular consumer item, India holding on to, and even adding to, last money) supplies of Indonesian M untok with virtually every Indonesian from the age year's high prices. The speculative fever, W hite Pepper-so prices remain high. of six or so smoking them seemingly all the always a factor in India, is fed by lack of Nutmeg and Mace continue very time (or at least as much as they can afford.) competition from other Black Pepper scarce and ever-more expensive with the Cloves, besides imparting their unique fla sources. Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam recent harvesting reported fairly bad and vor, have the additional salutary effect of all have competitive crops but none were Cassia continues to sell at prices that haven't anesthetizing the smoker's throat so he/she too plentiful and/or were wanting in qual been this low in inflation-adjusted terms in can smoke more and more Kretek cigarettes! ity and/or were tightly held onto by farm centuries (literally). (Obviously, the long-term health implica ers who sold too early last year and were Domestic Garlic certainly had some tions are horrendous!) Anyhow, a market determined to get high prices this year. Add crop problems this year but fortunately this size in a country where political influ to that the fact that many exporter/specula Chinese Garlic remained (and remains) ence buys more than just a night in the Lin tors sold short based on their usually rea very cheap and plentiful. coln bedroom draws attention from rich sonable view that middling large crops Mediterranean spices like Laurel, people who would like to get richer. A group would lead to lower prices and that these Basil, Marj oram , and O regano seemed to of such people enlisted President Suharto's exporters had to cover their sales at a cer be climbing out of the doldrums a while ago son who "persuaded" the government to tain time and that everyone knew it and one (and even prompted an investigative visit give them a monopoly on the Clove trade. then has a formula for higher prices even to Egypt by your faithful correspondent), but Apparently they offered such low prices to though demand is stable and supply, while have, in fact, remained rather too cheap to the farmers (who had nowhere else to sell not huge, is adequate, and apparently a for attract any real attention (even from this since this was a monopoly, after all) in or mula for a run-on sentence of monumental column). It would be a kindness to ignore der to fatten their profits from resale to the proportions! these sleeping dogs of the spice world, and Kretek manufacturers that many simply White Pepper continues to be genu so we shall. stopped harvesting and drying their Clove inely rather short and the new crop from buds. Consequently Indonesia is short of Indonesia is tightly held. This year's crop continued on page 77 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 63 MARKET REPORT Herb Market levels After Five Years of Boom: 1999 Soles inMainstream Market up Only 11% in First Holf of 1999 After 55% Increase in 1998 Bad Publici(Yt Unreasonable Consumer Expectations Cited as Possible Reasons by Mark Blumenthal After five years of unprecedented "cannibalizing" the existing business from private brands and larger sizes in some out growth since the passage of the Dietary established sellers instead of bringing new lets, including warehouse clubs (not usually Supplement Health and Education Act of customers into the market. The size of the included in IRI scanner data). For the first 1994 (OSHEA), sales of herbal products pie has not grown, but with more sellers, the six months of 1999, herb sales in FDM were have leveled off, or, as some surveys sug slices are getting thinner. 11 percent hi gher than the same period in gest, may even be dropping slightly below Accurate statistics for the herbal mar 1998. This suggests a significant drop in last year's levels. Since the much-touted ket have always been difficult to obtain, be sales during July and August to account for "boom" heralded by the cover story of TIME cause many herbal products were sold in the the 0.2 percent total drop for the herb cat magazine (Nov. 23, 1998) and HerbalGram's health and natural food trade, through direct egory in the eight-month period in 1999 com 16-page market report (Brevoort, 1998), sales and multilevel marketing organizations, pared to 1998. July and August are charac members of the herb industry have experi and through alternative healthcare practitio teristically slow months for herb sales, sug enced increased inventory levels among sup ners. These channels of distribution are usu gesting that brisker sales levels will resume pliers of raw materials and bulk extracts, ally not well measured by the leading orga during the traditionally strong sales period slower re-orders of materials from manufac nizations that track retail sales in the main in the fall and winter months. Also, St. John's turers, and a drop in the rate of growth of stream channels, e.g., Information Resources wort is down 23 percent, partly accounting finished herbal products in retail markets. Inc., and A. C. Neilsen. In the past five years, for the drop in total sales. This "adjustment" began around the same sales in the mainstream market (food, drug There is always the question of time, the fall of 1998, that three large phar and mass market, FDM) have shown unprec whether the sales trends in the mainstream maceutical firms entered the herbal market edented growth. As table lB indicates, sales market reflects the trends in other channels, (B ayer, Warner Lambe rt, Whitehall for herbs for calendar year 1998 were 55.4 i.e., health food, MLM, professional trade. Robbins), despite heavy consumer advertis percent greater than 1997 ($688,636,560 in According to the consensus of industry ex ing by both established companies and new 1998 vs. $442,928,512 in 1997). However, ecutives surveyed for this article, this is the entrants. for the first eight months of 1999 (through case; sales are either level or down in all Some industry veterans had antici September 5), total herb sales in FDM were classes of trade. pated that the entry of the new companies $488,288,384-a 0.2 percent drop in dollar Why is the rate of sales growth down? would attract the approximately 60 percent amount from the same period in 1998, What is causing the downturn? Industry of the American adults who are not herbal $489,197,184 (table lA) (IRI, 1999). How leaders offer several reasons. One veteran consumers, but sales statistics do not sup ever, sales of total units are up slightly. The with over 25 years experience in the botani port this. Research suggests the opposite: apparent discrepancy is explained by the pos cal industry, Jack Klein, former managing di new entrants into the herbal market may be sibility that there is an increase in sales of rector ofMuggenburg Extract and Finzel berg Table 1A: Herb Sales in Mainstream Market - First 8 months 1999 vs. 8 months in 1998 This table lists the retail sales and the percent of increase in sales for the top 13 herbs in food , drug, and mass market (FDM) retail outlets. The same herbs remained best-sel lers from 1997 to 1998. These herbs comprise 91 percent of the tota l retail sales for all herbs in FDM combined, and do not represent sales in health and natural food stores, mul ti-level marketi ng (MLM) companies, mail order, health professionals, or via the internet. Herb 8 months 8 months Dollar Sales 1999* 1998* % change/yr. Ginkgo $102,7 45,256 $109,299, 184 (6 .0%) St. John 's Wort** 78,095,008 101 ,299,264 (23.3%) Ginseng 60, 158,456 71,247,472 (15.6%) Garlic 54,661 ,276 24,539,204 (11 .4%) Echinacea/ Goldensealt 44,594,288 44,678,772 (0 .2%) Saw Palmetto 29,672,920 21 ,539,204 37.8% Kava Kavatt 11 ,594,024 10,830,088 7.1% Pycnogenoi®§/Grape Seed 8,629,448 8,539,340 1.1 % Cranberry 8,251,786 6,801 ,042 21 .3% Valerian Root 5,950,182 6, 149,858 (3.2%) Evening Primrose 6, 189,984 6,094,464 1.6% Bilberry 4,488,339 4,567,153 1.7% Milk Thistle 4,910, 105 3,243,996 51.4% Total All Herb Sales 488,288,384 489, 197, 184 (0.2%) 64 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 MARKET REPORT Extracts North America, now part of the really a massive educational task. Just put vestigative" and this trend may be contrib American Ingredients LLC Joint Venture, ting some claim out in an ad is not enough; uting to th e poor performance in the herbal sees several factors contributing to the cur it's not going to do it." market. Israelsen al so observes that with the rent situation. First, Klein sees unreasonable Klein also notes that the public per increased genericization of the herbal indus consumer expectations in the mainstream ception of poor quality control and product try and increased sales of private label market as a primary issue. He contends that quality in the herb industry reinforces the brands, there may be more units of herbal mainstream consumers want herbs because lower expectations of some consumers. In products sold, but because their prices tend they are perceived to be safer than conven addition, the expectation for new customers to be lower th an nationally advertised brands, tional drugs, because they are natural, and coming into the market has been offset by the total dollar amount is lower. because they are perceived to act more gen some of the negative press being generated A small bit of good news: Despite ups tly than conventional drugs. Unlike the more by the continued repetition of the erroneous and downs for the herbs shown in the table sophisticated natural food shopper who is phrase "unregulated industry" and persistent below, a noteworthy development is that the usually more informed about the actions of concerns about product quality. It is likely largest gain for any single herb was for black herbs, the mainstream shopper is not as well that many mainstream consumers are ner cohosh, rising 477 percent in the first eight educated. Mainstream consumers may ex vous about purchasing herbal products when months of 1999 compared to the same pe pect the same results from herbs that they they perceive the industry to be "unregu riod in 1998: $586,469 to $3,385,393 (IRI, get from over-the-counter (OTC) drug prod lated" although, as many industry leaders 1999). Thi s is possibly due to the increased ucts; they expect the herbs to work immedi know, there have been more regulations pro publicity black cohosh received in early ately, just like OTC drugs. However, they posed by FDA in the area of herbs and di 1999, documenting its benefits for meno may be Jess patient with the fact that many etary supplements in the past five years since pausal symptoms (Foster, 1999). herbs require several days if not several the passage ofDSHEA than in the thirty years weeks or even more to produce a noticeable prior. REFERENCES benefit. Klein notes, 'The irony in this whole Another industry veteran, Loren Brevoort P. The Booming U.S. Botanical Market: A thing is this: the reason many consumers are Israel sen, President of the LDI Group in Salt New Overv iew. Herba/Gram. 1998;44: 33-48. willing to experiment with herbs is their dis Lake City, agrees. He has been tracking the Fos ter S. Bl ac k Cohosh- Cimicifuga racemosa. satisfaction with side effects of conventional publication of articles in major magazines Herba/Gram. 1999;45 :35-50. Gottli eb B. Vit amins. Mineral s. Herbs and Supple drugs. They haven't understood that buying and newspapers over the past year, and has ment s: A Year in Rev iew. The Hartman Group. something that is more natural is a 'different noticed a definite trend toward negative ar Sep. 30. 1999. rhythm.' The irony is that what is bringing ticles that criticize the supplement industry Israe lsen LD. Personal communication Sep. 29. mainstream consumers to the category is also for lack of quality control and potentially 1999. the same thing that may be turning them off." unsubstantiated claims on some products. Kl ein J. Personal communi cati on. Sep. 15, 1999. He adds, "To switch the mainstream over is Israelsen sees the press becoming more "in- In form ati on Resources. Inc. Scanner Data for FDM . 1998: 1999. Table 1B : Herb Sales in Mainstream Market- Total 1998 vs. 1997 1998 1997 Retail Sales Retail Sales Percent Change Ranking Ranking 1998 1997 '97-98 --- -~ ---~-~~ Ginkgo 1 1 $150,859,328 $90,421 ,640 66.8% St. John's Wort** 2 5 $140,358,560 $48,446,328 189.7% Ginseng 3 2 $95,871 ,544 $86,216,928 11.2% Garlic 4 3 $84,054,520 $71 ,638,072 17.3% Ech i nacea/Goldenseal t 5 4 $69,702, 144 $49,245, 168 41 .5% Saw Palmetto 6 6 $32, 102,622 $18,446,246 74.0% Kava Kavatt 7 13 $16,584,425 $2,953,650 461 .5% Pycnogenoi®§/Grape Seed 8 7 $12, 113,555 $9,973,348 21 .5% Cranberry 9 9 $10,378,810 $6, 188,689 67.7% Valerian Root 10 10 $8,650,521 $6, 112,876 41 .5% Evening Primrose 11 8 $8,552,860 $7,308,980 17.0% Bilberry 12 11 $6,441 ,501 $4,560,067 41 .3% Milk Thistle 13 12 $4,966, 170 $3 ,038,425 63.4% Total (top 13 herbs) $640,636,560 $404,550,417 58.4% Total All Herb Sales $688,352, 192 $442,928,512 55.4% Source: Information Resources Inc. , Scanner Data, FDM (Food, Drug, Mass Market combined) 52 weeks ending 72 / 27/ 98; 33 weeks ending 9/ 5/ 99. * Eight months 1999 ending Sept. 5, 1999. ** St. John 's Wort jumped from 5th place to 2nd, with sales increasing by approximately 190% in 1998; dropped 23 % in 1999. t Reflects sales of Echinacea and Goldenseal as individual products and in combination with each other. tt Kava Kava moved from 13th to 7th, with sales growing by 461 percent. § Pycnogenol is a patented extract of French maritime pine bark. Grapeseed is used for similar anti-oxidant and anti inflammatory purposes. They are combined in this tracking survey. 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 65 CONFERENCE Plants, a multidisciplinary intensive hosted dustry members asking for specialized as Purdue Training Program each year by Professor Jim Simon of the sistance and training in essential oils, me Purdue University Horticulture Department, dicinal plants, and the commercialization of Offers Holistic View of is designed to address these industry needs. botanicals. Very few of these people seemed This year's program, held June 14-25 to have a holistic view of the entire industry. Herb Industry in West Lafayette, Indiana, offered partici It became apparent to us that as an educa by Evelyn Leigh pants a fast-paced, information-packed two tional institution, we had both an opportu weeks of classroom instruction, field trips, nity and a challenge to present an objective, By nature, the botanicals industry is hands-on lab sessions, demonstrations, and multidisciplinary approach to the field of an interdisciplinary field, requiring at least intensive discussion on a vast range of top aromatic and medicinal plants, from seed and some grasp of a diverse range of subjects. ics. The curriculum focused on germplasm germplasm collection all the way through Industry members with expertise in product collection and preservation; crop production new product development." To ensure that marketing can benefit by developing a thor technologies; natural product extraction, pro the program would provide in-depth cover ough understanding of state-of-the-art ex cessing, standardization, and quality control age of a diverse range of topics, Purdue de traction technologies, while experienced systems; and new product development, veloped a co-sponsorship with the Univer herb growers may profit by gaining a broader regulation, and marketing. Participants who sity of Illinois at Chicago School of Phar perspective on the worldwide botanicals completed the program received four units macy and invited speakers with expertise in market. An International Training Program of continuing education credit from the marketing, regulatory issues, and other ar in New Crops: Aromatic and Medicinal Purdue University Horticulture Department. eas not covered by the Purdue faculty. Areas of special focus included Simon is enthusiastic about the sustainable botanical development, program's track record. "We have much to "bioprospecting" and new drug discov offer scientifically, as we've had good suc ery, potential appl ications of molecu cess with the commercialization of products lar biology, propagation and develop and in assisting others with their new crops ment of native plants, and international and plant products. We 're happy to assist, trade and marketing issues. Evening and the program seems to be well received," and weekend workshops and lab ses he said. Class size is limited to about 25 sions provided hands-on exposure to people. "We want to be sure we have lab plant breeding, essential oil distillation, stations for everyone and that we can meet plant chemistry, electronic information and spend time with everybody individually. searching, botanical mounting, scien An important part of this is for people to be tific writing, grant writing, and other able to get to know us, and for us to get to subjects. Field trips took participants know them," explained Simon. Since the Above: Jim Simon of Purdue University leads to large-scale mint farms, a commercial gin program's inception, more than 100 students a tour of the Horticulture Deportment's new seng farm, and a certified organic herb farm from over 35 countries have completed the state-of-the-art greenhouse, which is and processing facility. Students also vis training. Students have included entrepre computer-controlled for temperature, moisture, and other factors . From left: Jim ited several Purdue field research stations, neurs, agricultural scientists, medical prac Simon, Alan De Young of USA, Rojot Roshmi where they saw more than three acres of titioners, growers, pharmacognosists, econo of Indio, Elton Jefthos of South Africa, and medicinal plants under experimental culti mists, plant pathologists, industrial engi Paulo Ribeiro of Brazil. Photo© 1999 vation (including a field of more than 500 neers, pharmacists, marketers, botanists, Evelyn Leigh . rows of Echinacea in full bloom). The group horticulturalists, food scientists, attorneys, Below: Jim Simon points out the advantages of woodsgrown goldenseal cultivation at the also traveled to Chicago to attend special government officials, and graduate students Southeast Purdue Agricultural Center seminars and labs at the University of Illi from a wide variety of plant sciences. Many woodland botanicals field demonstration. nois School of Pharmacy and explore the remain for a month or longer after the pro Photo © 1999 Evelyn Leigh. department's NAPRALERT natural products gram ends for specialized training, and still database. others return later to pursue graduate study. T he Purdue Center for New "The program has been very produc Crops and Plant Products (PCNCPP) tive in terms of developing international col began offering the training program in laborative ties," said Simon. "We stay in 1993 to better serve the growing num contact with many of the students. Among ber of people seeking training in the the instructors, there's a real sense of satis rapidly evolving natural products field. faction in that, and also in knowing that According to program founder and di we've helped bring this field into the lime rector Jim Simon, Ph.D., "We were re light in the scientific community." The in ceiving an increasing number of re ternational nature of this year's training pro quests and visits from scientists and in- gram was evident from the number of na- 66 HERBAlGRAM47 1999 CONFERENCE tions represented, including Brazil, at Amherst; James Quinn of the University Canada, Ghana, India, Saudi Arabia, of Missouri ; and Profs. Harry Fong, Norman South Africa, the U. S., and Zimbabwe. Farnsworth, Charlotte Gyllenhaal, John Many international students were sup Fitzloff, and other faculty from the Univer ported by funding from the World Health sity of Illinois at Chicago School of Phar Organization (WHO) or the U.S . Agency macy. Although he was unable to take part for International Development (USAID). in this year's program, Purdue Professor Learning more about sustainable Emeritus Yarra Ty ler, Ph.D., has been an in development of botanical crops was a structor in past years. goal for a number of attendees. Robin The PCNCPP is unique in that it con Suggs, executive director of the nonprofit centrates on the development of plants with Yellow Creek Botanical Institute in extractable natural products, primarily me Robbinsville, North Carolina, came to the dicinal, aromatic, and spice plants. Simon's Rajat Rashmi of India admires a specimen of program to assess the feasibility of his center has developed several new plants and Echinacea pal/ida at Purdue's Meiggs organization's native medicinal plant culti has worked extensively with both producers Research Farm, Throckmorton Agricultural vation project. "What we' re trying to do is Center. Ph oto© 1999 Evelyn Leigh. and processors of botanicals. The depart develop our natural resources in the South ment is also particularly proud of its award ern Appalachian region into opportuni winning NewCROP online database ties for sustainable economic develop 1999 HERBAlGRAM 47 67 CONFERENCE health of the American people. It has to fo not be drugs and avoid any definition prob ASP Conference Reviews cus on these products. " lems with the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Phytomedicines will be used in the Science and Regulations future, Tyler said, for a number of reasons. WILLIAM KELLER by William J. Skinner There are fewer side effects with these prod William J. Keller, Ph.D., a pharmacog ucts, which lend themselves to self-selection; nosist at Samford University in Birmingham, The American Society of Pharmacog they have lower cost and other beneficial Alabama, reviewed the role of the pharma nosy Interim Meeting was held in Tunica, properties. cist in counseling patients on the use of herbal Mississippi, April 29 to May 1, 1999. Sci products, saying the pharmacist was the logi ence was primary, but the presentations also NORMAN FARNSWORTH cal person to do it. Because of a lack in for covered a number of important legal and Norman R. Farnsworth, Ph.D. , Re mal education in herbs, certification pro regulatory topics. The meeting included a search Professor of Pharmacognosy and Se grams and other continuing education meth field trip to visit the National Center for Natu ni or University Scholar at the University of ods must be used to educate pharmacists. ral Product Development at the University Illinois at Chicago, who recently had a chair Surveys show that consumers rely of Mississippi at Oxford. Throughout th e in pharmacognosy named for him, was an most on friends or books for information in three-day program, the Food and Drug Ad other speaker. Farnsworth talked about the the use of these products, Keller said. The ministration (FDA) regulation of the market law, the regulations, the politics, and oppor consumers th at rely on health food store ing of dietary supplements, especially herbs, tunities for science. He was a member of clerks also rely on physicians and pharma was a focus of discussions. the Commission on Dietary Supplement La cists combined, he said. Keller added that bels (CDSL). his data show that 75 percent of the U.S. VARRO TYLER He said there were more than 150,000 pharmacies sell medicinal herbs, but less than Varro E. Tyler, Ph.D ., Sc.D., Dean and letters sent to FDA in response to its attempt two percent of the pharmacists who work in Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Purdue to change the definition of disease as part of these outlets feel well informed on herbal University, the founding president of ASP its attempt to limit the so-called "structure product use. more than 43 years ago, was the keynote function" claims under the Dietary Supple speaker, reminding the audience of about 200 ment Health and Education Act of 1994 how hi story is almost repeating itself in the (DSHEA). He said that herbal supplements DENNIS AWANG botanical medicine field. "This time around, really are herbal medicines. The scientific Dennis Awang, Ph.D., of Ottawa, herbal medicines can play a significant role opportunities are in conducting studies us Canada, a retired government research sci in future health care, but the therapeutic ef ing fractionation, isolation, and structure elu entist and now industry consultant, reminded fects of the individual herbs must be care cidation to start. Then standardization must the audience that gingko was not permitted fully evaluated by well-designed, random be developed, there must be collaboration to be sold in Canada. He said a product that ized, double-blind, placebo controlled clini with interdisciplinary committees, and fi claims ginkgo will improve memory and cal studies. Those who deny the necessity nally, pre-clinical and clinical studies in concentration is untenable because there has of such trials are simply denying the exist phases I to III must be completed for herbal been no study proving ginkgo will do these ence of reality," he said. products. Farnsworth has always been an things. Recognizing the high cost of such outspoken interpreter of the way FDA has He demonstrated a label of a ginseng studies, Tyler urged finding new ways to fi enforced th e laws dealing with herbs. product containing the statements "concen nance them, including companies forming trated Ginseng" and " 1,000 mg max imum cooperative research organizations or foun strength." The complexity of the situation, dations to allow more research to be com PAUL SCHIFF with these kinds oflabels, creates many prob pleted, saying that this time botanical medi Paul Schiff, Ph.D., a professor of phar lems because it is not readily understood cine must go through an approval process to macognosy at the University of Pittsburgh, what the "1 ,000 mg" is or what the "concen assure the quality of the products. and a member of the United States trated" product is in terms of marker com He predicted the integration of botani Pharmacopeia's (USP) Committee of Revi pounds. cal and conventional medicine in American sion, where he serves on subcommittees writ Awang has been collaborating with Dr. medicine and he urged the FDA to find ways ing standards for botanical products, spoke Harry Fong and Dr. Linda Lu at the Univer to allow approvals of the use of botanical about USP botanical efforts in publishing sity of Illinois on the Ginseng Evaluation products as medical treatments. monographs for herb standards. Program (GEP) study of ginseng products Pointing out that around 50 botanical Annette Dickinson, Ph.D ., of the for the American Botanical Council (ABC). products are bei ng studied with FDA's Council for Reponsible Nutrition and a [Dr. Fong has reported preliminarily on some knowledge under Investigational New Drug former member of the CDSL, explained that of the results of the study, which has been Applications or other conditions, none of the botanical preparations were being placed under way since 1993, at the 7th International which have been approved for sale, Tyler in a separate section of USP/NF, in the Na Symposium on Ginseng of the Korean Soci said, "FDA cannot continue to neglect the tional Formulary, not the USP, so they would ety of Ginseng in September, 1998 in Seoul. 68 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 CONFERENCE In that paper, Fang descri bed the high pres Dr. Betz mentioned fo ur botan ical di suppli er of raw botani cal materi als and ex sure liquid chromatography method devel etary supplements whose toxicity has been tracts. oped fo r profiling and quantitati ve analysis confirmed in animal studies after reports of Ertl spoke of the bas ics: good manu of ginsenosides in commercial ginseng prod adverse event reports (AERs) in humans. facturing practi ce (GMPs), hygiene and lab ucts in North America. That study demon standard operating procedures, sanitation and strated variations in quantitative contents • Comfrey (Symphytum spp.) contains pest control, Hazardous Analysis Critical between di fferent formul ations and between pyrroli zidine alkaloids that cause human he Control Poi nts, comprehensive purchasing di fferent products of the same formulati on.] patic vena-occlusive disease. programs, labeling compliance, and databases development. • Germander (Teucrium chamaedrys) The American Herbal Products Asso RYAN HUXTABLE contains teucrin A that causes seri ous liver ciation (AHPA) has a manual on adulteration, Ryan J. Huxtable, Ph.D. , pharmacol di sease in women. Mouse studies identified and there are other materi als from AHPA that ogy professor at the Uni versity of Ari zona, the cause in Belgians who had used a ger are helpful. The general food tolerance of College of Medicine, commented on four mander-based weight-loss product. pesticides at 20 ppb (parts per billion) is ap pharmacological concepts concerning safety: pli cable to botani cals, she said. A nu mber of safety as a relevant concept; ri sk/benefit ra • Chaparral (Larrea tridentata) may heavy metals have to be checked fo r, includ tios; pharmacodynamics; and therapeutic be associ ated with seri ous hepatotoxicity. ing lead, cadmium, and mercury. Ertl serves index. Extracts of th e pl ant were fo und to be toxic on a number of industry committees, incl ud Many side effects can be di fficult to to brine shrimp and isolated rat hepatocytes. ing as chair of the Standards Committee of assess- those that are of low frequency, but AHPA. very seri ous; those that result from accumu Blue Cohosh ( Caulophy llum lation of material over time; and those that thalictroides). W he n AERs in humans have delayed effects over months or years. prompted studies in in vitro rat embryo as ROBERT MOORE Huxtable said, "A history of use does not im says, quinolizidine alkaloid N- methylcytisine A Ph.D. nutritioni st, Moore is th e team pl y safety-onl y th at maybe the herb has no was identified as a teratogen [an agent that leader for dietary supplements at FDA's Of acute toxicity." introduces abnormalities in a developing fe fice of Special utriti onals. He spoke about Huxtable added there are probl ems in tus]. the regul ation of dietary supplements. say ethnic "borrowing" of remedi es-the use of ing OSHEA has broadened the uni verse of herbs from other cultures-because there can Betz says these studies chall enge the lawful ingredients and the types of claims that be di fferent herb forms, different uses, uses assumption th at a long hi story of use in can be made fo r them. He said it is impor in combinati on, di fferent belief systems, and people proves th e safety of botani cals apd tant to remember that di etary supplements treatment of inappropriate condi tions. suggest the need for proactive toxicological have four characteristics or requirements that studies. are unusual: I) they must be used by inges tion; 2) they must not be represented as a con JOSEPH BETZ ventional food; 3) they may not be th e sole A research chemist (FDA's descrip WENDIWANG item of a meal or di et; and 4) they must have ti on-actuall y he is a Ph.D. pharmacogno A scientist with Leiner Health Prod a physical fo rm that is not limited by the stat sist) at FDA's Center for Food Safety and ucts, Wendi Wang, Ph .D., reported on the use ute, i.e. , if they are liquids (e.g. , herbal ex Applied Nutri ti on, Betz spoke on the safety of quality control meth ods in industry. For tracts), they must be administered by the drop, of botani cal products. He commented that merl y with Frontier Natural Products, she had not consumed like a conventional beverage. the U.S. distribution system regul ates de set up that company's lab over fo ur years. Moore recommended that prod uct de pending on what the seller "intends" its prod Today the avail able standards to assess qual ve lopers work w ith FDA before getti ng uct to be used fo r by the user. ity contro l of herbs and herbal products are started on clinical studies. This coul d avoid The manufacturer's intent, rather than three: the USP, sometimes too costly to use, FDA asking for more data at a later ti me. th e inherent pharmacological properties of th e AOAC (Associati on of Offic ial Analyti th e product's ingredients, is important in le cal Chemi sts), often too long in development, gal terms. He said di etary supplements sold and in-house standards created by each com ANNETTE DICKINSON before October 15, 1994, are assumed to be pany. The Vice President fo r Scientific and safe and may be sold now unless FDA proves Regulatory Affairs of the Council for Respon th em unsafe. sible Nutrition, Annette Dickinson has a There are four cl assificati ons of ad FOROUZ ERTL Ph .D. in nutri tional sciences. verse reacti ons to botani cal products, Betz Dr. Ertl has a degree in veterinary Given that th ere are over 29,000 prod said, and these are: misidentificati on, mi s medi cine with separate master's degrees in ucts and 75 ,000 Stock Keeping Units on the use, deliberate adulteration, and inherent tox food science and bionutriti on. She is an ex market, Di ckinson said OSHEA and the icity. ecuti ve at Botani cals International , a major implementati on of labeling claims was a 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 69 CONFERENCE major accomplishment. A lso, the new JERRY COTT enforcement tools consistent with health pro Supplement Facts label was required under Cott, a Ph.D. neuropsychopharm tection. There will be fees for licenses for OSHEA as of March 23, 1999. acologist at the National Institute of Mental establishments and products, importation for So far under the Nutrition Labeling Health, spoke about clinical studies and regu personal use will be allowed, cost recovery and Education Act of 1990 (NLEA) onl y latory issues of botanical dietary supple mechani sms will be established, natural eleven claims are authorized by FDA. These ments, saying that new drugs for depression health practiti oners will be regulated, and include low sodium, low fat, low cholesterol, have not improved since irnipramjne was dis plant conservation will be promoted. no sugar, no alcohol, and the claims-cal covered some years ago and there is a great The government will devote only $7 cium for osteoporosis; folic acid for preven need for more effective and less toxic medi million (Canadian) over three years to estab tion of neural tube defects; whole oat fiber cations. Medicinal plants have provided li sh the Office, and $3 million to develop and psyllium seed fiber for heart disease. unpredicted discoveries in neurobiology. collaborative research on natural products. Dickinson mentioned that FDA's pro With current research methods truly unique For more information on the Ameri posed change in the definition of di sease medications are unlikely to emerge. Re can Society of Pharmacognosy, see would have considered structure/function search in herbal medicines should be con 70 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 -<( Columbia University College of Phys i c i ans & S ur geo ns >- cJJotanical Medicine Course Pr ese nte d by The Richard & Hinda Rosenthal Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Botanical Medicine in Department of Rehabilitation Medicine the Modern Clinical Practice Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine May 22-25, 2000 Research in Women's Health and Limited Enrollment: REGISTER EARLY The University of Arizona College of Medicine Program in Integrative Medicine with assistance from Continuing Medical Education The New York Botanical Garden Name: ______You can call (2 12) 781-5990, Address: ______Fax (212) 781-6047, or email ~ ~ ~- -•-""=-~-=---:::=--=::~-:==-:_ -; -..:-.::"--:::--- ,_..__.q_. ...._ ~ your registration info rmation to At the conclusion of the course, the CME office if payment is by participants should have: Phone: ______credit card, (be sure to include • developed a bener understanding F~ : ______your credit card number), of the scientific evidence on the or re turn this form to: effects of selected botanical Payment can be made by check, made our to Center for Continuing Education remedies; COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, or by credit card Columbia University • enhanced their ability to recog (VISA or MASTERCARD) 630 West 168th Street nize the principal benefits and Tuition: $ 1200 for physicians Unit 39 risks of botanical medicine ther $900 other health professionals, residents, and New York, NY 10032 apies and the interaction effects fellows (numbers limited) [email protected] with other medications; • learned methods enabling them Credit Card # to incorporate the use of selected Western botanical remedies into Signature their practice; • gained familiarity with information of the legal considerations in the use • History of botanicals in medicine • Women's health iss ues of botanical products; and and pharmacy • Food as medicine; • the ability to provide valuable • Herbs in clinical practice herb-drug interactions information to their patients on • Medical conditions including prob • Safety, toxicity, herb quali ty the effective use of botanical lems for the digestive, respiratory, • Legal and profess ional considerations medicine. cardiovascular and genitourinary • New Yo rk Botanical Garden systems, insomnia, allergy, and more. ~-.'--'-~·~~~-=~~~-.,_~?=.:~~!!--~::::~-==--~-=--~~~.;:_~~._.::.!!----:.~~=-~~-:::_~::-~~:- ~ MICHAEL BALICK, Ph.D., Director and Ph ilecology Curator, Institute of Economic Botany, New York Botanical Garden MARK BLUMENTHAL, Executive D irector, American Botanical Council; Editor, HERBALGRAM KEVIN ERGIL, M.S., L.Ac., Director of Research, NY College for Wholistic Health Education & Research DANIEL ESKINAZI, DDS, Ph.D., LAc, Visiting Senior Resea rch Scientist, Rosenthal Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicin e, Columbia University NORMAN FARNSWORTH, Ph.D., Research Professo r of Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at C hicago ADRIANE FUGH-BERMAN, M.D., Chair, National Women's Health Network BENJAMIN KUGLER, M.D., Assistant Professor of Family Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine FRED! KRONENBERG, Ph.D., Director, Rosenthal Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Columbia Uni ve rsity T IERAONA LOW DOG M.D., Department of Family Practice, University of New Mexico ROB MCCALEB, President and Founder, Herb Research Foundation WOODSON MERRELL, M.D., Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Su rgeo ns ROBERT SCHILLER, M.D., Chairman, Department of Family Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center (New York, New York) MARCEY SHAPIRO, M.D., Private Practice, Family Medici ne and Holistic Medicine, Oakland, California DAVID STUDDERT, J.D., MPH, Policy Analyst, the Rand Corporation VARRO E. TYLER, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of Pharmacognosy, Purdue University, Indiana ANDREW WElL, M .D., Director, Program in Integrative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine JACKIE WOOTTON, MEd., Informatics Project Director, Rosenthal Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Columbia Unive rsity IN MEMORIAM members, and presented to the FDA the association's recommenda Michael Q. Ford tions for labeling on all genetically modified foods. "Michael was one of the strongest leaders the natural prod 1950- 1999 ucts industry has seen in many years. His untimely death is a real blow to the entire industry and to the many people who worked with Michael Q. Ford died un him and appreciated his dedication and tireless work," said ABC expectedly of an aortic aneurysm executive director Mark Blumenthal. Loren Israelsen of the LDI in Denver September 23. He had Group in Salt Lake City was close to Ford: "He was a rock guitarist, been executive director and chief a connoisseur, a humorist, and a friend. Most knew him as a skilled executive officer of the National administrator; I knew him as a good friend who is already greatl y Nutritional Foods Association missed." (NNFA) since 1994. Ford was Earli er in his career, Ford served as the executive director for instrumental in the industry's the Coalition for Health Funding and organized a coalition of 60 fight to secure critical legislation heatlh groups, associations, and societies in Washington, D.C., to affecting natural products, nota solicit increased health appropriations. He also served as director of bly the Dietary Supplement the National Council on Alcoholism's Public Policy Office, and as Health and Education Act of 1994 . In 1995, he served on a special president of the National Association of Addiction Treatment Pro working group of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), devel viders. oping recommended guidelines for the use of ephedra in dietary A scholarship fund has been established by the Ford family supplements that included stronger, more explicit labeling. Most and the NNFA. Donations be made to the Michael Q. Ford Memo recently, Mr. Ford led the association's introduction of a mandatory rial Scholarship Fund, c/o NNFA, 3931 MacArthur Road, Suite 101, Good Manufacturing Practices accreditation program for all NNFA Newport Beach, CA 92660. - Barbara A. Johnston from 1978 to 1984 as manager of several research divisions. He James H. Whittam graduated magna cum laude with a B.A. in chemistry from City Col lege of New York ( 1972), then was a chemistry instructor at the City 1950- 1999 University of New York where he earned his Ph .D. in chemistry in 1975. CUNY honored Dr. Whittam with the Curman and Myron James H. Whittam, presi Pantzer Awards. He then went on to complete an MBA degree from dent and chief executive of the Boston University School of Management in 1977. He served on Shak:lee Companies, died Aprill5 community boards in the San Francisco Bay area, was a member of of cancer. In 1997 he spearheaded numerous professional and scientific organizations, and published the establishment ofYarn onouchi extensively in scientific and trade journals. He was an avid athlete Shaklee Pharma (YSPharma, and competed in both the Boston and New York marathons. He Inc.), a company representing the served as a member of the U.S. Ski Team Sports Medicine Council pharmaceutical division. He was and as nutritional consultant to the U.S. Ski Team for eight years. previously with the company - Barbara A. Johnston ing in 1982. Dr. Tippo graduated in 1932 from Massachusetts State Oswald Tippo College, which later became the University of Massachusetts. There he received his M.A. in 1933 and hi s Ph .D. in 1937 from Harvard 1912- 1999 University. He joined the botany department of the University of Illinois, where he later was chairman of the department, chairman of Oswald Tippo, a former the division of biological sciences, and dean of the graduate school. provost and botany professor at In 1955, he was appointed Eaton Professor of Botany at Yale Uni the University of Massachusetts, versity and five years later he became provost at the University of and its first chancellor, died June Colorado. In 1963, he was named executive dean of arts and sci 10 in Santa Barbara, California. ences at New York University. Dr. Tippo was the author, with H. J. He was the university provost Fuller, of a widely used text, College Botany (Henry Holt and Com from 1964 until he was appointed pany 1949). He was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and chancellor in 1970. He was later Sciences and a member of the American Association for the Ad named Commonwealth Professor vancement of Science and the Botanical Society of America, serv of Botany and taught until retir- ing as its president in 1955. - Barbara A. Johnston 72 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 IN MEMORIAM ness, she offered her experience and encouragement to those who Bertha Reppert wanted to follow their passion as she did. When readers of the book call ed her for advice she gave of her time without hesitation. Those 1920- 1999 who came into contact with her could feel that they had made a friend. The herb world lost one of Bertha's family knew that she would want her memorial ser its "grande dames" when herbal vice to be a celebration of her life. The entrance of the Rosemary ist extraordinaire Bertha Reppert House gardens had a table filled with small colored bottles Bertha passed away, surrounded by her had coll ected over the years, along with buckets of fresh herbs. Vi si fam il y. Almost 30 years ago tors were encouraged to make a small bouquet to take home in re when herb shops were sti ll virtu membrance of her. Pictures of her filled the tea room along with al ly nonexistent, despite having daughter Nancy's herbal delights. In place of the typical memorial no business training but with an cards was a basket of cards with packets of rosemary for remem unquenchable thirst for study and brance and a picture of Bertha. teaching, Reppert took her pas Bertha Reppert was one of the wisest, most giving, most hu sion and opened the Rosemary morous members of the herb industry. Her last words give you an House in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. It wasn't long before those indication of how she lived her li fe, "Love, love, love, love." who loved herbs knew of her, the shop, and her books, because in - Maureen Rogers addition to her skills as an herbalist, she was a gifted writer on the Those wishing to make a contribution to Bertha's memory subject. may donate to her fund for the ational Herb Garden through the I first saw Bertha's name between the covers of The Herb Herb Society of America, 9019 Kirkland-Chardon Road, Kirkland, Quarterly in the early 1980s. In her book, Growing An Herb Busi- OH 44094. University. Dawson played the leading role in the discovery of the Charles R. Dawson toxic compounds in poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron). In 1940, he and Dr. David Wasserman, then a graduate student, began to carry 1911-1999 out experiments involving poison ivy. They collected 80 pounds of poison ivy bark, from which they extracted two teaspoons of the Charles Dawson, a long poisonous oil. They began work on developing methods of sy nthe time professor of chemistry at sizing compounds similar to those found in the oil. In 1948, the Columbia University, died in compound they developed was announced and subsequently tested May in Wolfeboro, New Hamp on volunteers at the New York Post-graduate Medical School. By shire. Dr. Dawson taught at Co 1953, Dawson and his research students had isolated the toxic agent lumbia fro m I 939 until his retire in th e sap and had broken it down into four parts. With researchers ment in 1979. During his teach from the National Institutes of Health, Dawson set about trying to ing career it is estimated that he discover a treatment or vaccine based on the least toxic of the four. taught over I 0,000 students of In 1955, tests carried out at the University of Pennsylvania on such a chemistry. Dawson received a vaccine were reported to be successful. Thousands of volunteers B.Sc. in 1933, a M.Sc. in chem had submitted to a series of injections intended to desensitize them istry in 1935, and an honorary doctorate of science in 1953, all from to poison ivy. Marketed in I 956, the vaccine was supplanted by the University of New Hampshire. He received a doctorate in 1938 steroid-based anti-inflammatory ointments. - Barbara A. Johns/On and an honorary doctorate of science in 1988, both from Columbia 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 73 BOOK REVIEWS cine, has prov ided an in valuable service to effects of prothrombopeni c anti coagul ants, the herb research community by developing and that concern incompatible GI tract medi a hierarchy of evidence and ascribing this cations. hierarchy to each cited reference for each 4) Appendix C, "Herbs Contraindi particular in teraction. The book includes cated fo r Mothers and Children," includes approximately 207 herbs total, in cluding herbs to avoid during pregnancy, while th ose with contraindications onl y, 79 herbs breastfeeding, and in children. with interacti ons, and herb-drug interactions. 5) Appendix D, "Vitamin/Mineral/ The author has rated the interacti ons Drug Interac ti ons," includes drug interac according to the fo llowing hierarchy: ti ons with vitamin supplements vs. herbs/ 1) in vitro-laboratory fin ding with foods and drug interactions with mineral Herb Contraindications and Drug In cell or tissue samples from animals or hu supplements vs. herbs/foods. teractions, 2nd Ed., by Frances Brinker, mans The book contains 394 references in N.D., Sandy, OR. Eclectic Medical Publica 2) in animals (types listed)-labora the text. As evidenced by th e progression tions . 1998. 263 pp. Softcover. $19.95. tory tests using li ve animals in vari ous mod from the first edition, a book li ke this is a ISBN 1-888483-06-7. ABC Catalog #B282. els of administering the herb or herbal work in progress. One can safely assume With an estimated 40-50 percent of component(s) that the author will publish a third edition adult Ameri cans using herbal di etary supple 3) specul ati ve- usin g indirect evi withjn the next year or so in whi ch additional ments, it is inevitabl e that some of these dence such as extrapolation of empirical ef data gained from the literature will be accu pharmacologicall y active herbal products fec ts or in vitro research, animal studies, or mulated and systematicall y presented. Dr. wi ll interact with the over-the-counter or pre case reports to infer probabl e or potential ef Brinker has done a great service to the entire scription dru gs people are using. The inter fects in humans herbal community by providing thi s data actions could either lead to medical prob 4) empirical- traditional knowledge the first publicati on of its type in an area of lems or in some cases might even interact in or beli ef based on experi ence from extensive increasing interest and importance. - Mark a benefi cial way. In the past, there has not use Blumenthal been a great deal of informati on published 5) human case reports-published in in this area of increasing concern to health di vidual responses to using herbs professionals, consumers, members of in 6) human studies-published research dustry, and even regul ators. In essence, the done on healthy individuals development of reliable databases on herb 7) human clinical studies-published drug interactions is in its relati ve infancy and research from therapeutic trials on pati ents represents a relati vely new fronti er in herbal being treated for a condition research. This book is a welcomed revision and In addition, in each cited reference the improvement over the edition published in author includes whether the substances were 1997. The second editi on includes more bo administered th rough injecti on by mouth, or tani cals and has greatl y improved upon the subcutaneously, l.m., i.p., i.v.-all of whi ch previous edition by providing primary ref may have a direct bearing on the appropriate erences for each of the interacti ons men interpretati on of the informati on. ti oned. The book is divided into fi ve parts: Current information available on herb I) the Herb Contrai ndi cati ons and drug interacti ons has relied on the German Drug Interactio ns of about I 18 pages. Quality Control Methods for Medici Commission E monographs, the ESCOP 2) Appendi x A, "Herbs To Be Used nal Plant Materials, World Health Or (European Scie ntific Cooperati ve o n With Cauti on," in whi ch the author creates ganization. Geneva, Switzerland. 1998. Phytotherapy) monographs, and other au reasons for caution: potenti al allergic re 115 pp. Softcover. $3 1.50. ISBN 92-4- thoritati ve primary and secondary sources. sponse, potenti al photosynthesizing effects, 154510-0. ABC Catalog #B406. Interactions noted by Commission E or local irritant effects when fresh, acute inflam Primary issues fo r the field of herbal ESCOP, for example, sometimes are based mation of the urinary tract, gastrointestinal dietary supplements in the United States to on known interactions, and in some cases, irri tati on, hypothyroid conditions, or euthy day are assessing and ensuring proper bo theoretical interac ti ons based on suspected roid goiter. tani cal identity for ingredi ents, their purity activities of primary acti ve compounds in 3) Appendi x B, "Herb-Drug Interac and quality, and then assuring the quality botanicals, interacting with a presumed in ti ons," includes herbs that modi fy the intes control of fini shed herbal products made teraction wi th the particul ar conventional tinal absorption of medicine, potentiate car from those ingredi ents. In recogni zing this drug. However, a cogent interactive data diotonic medicines, potentiate sedative or need and its importance for the development base has been lacking. Dr. Brinker, a re tranquilizing medicines, modi fy blood sugar of herbal medicinal products throughout the search-ori ented doctor of naturopathic medi- in insulin-independent diabetics, modify the world, the World Health Organization has 74 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 BOOK REVIEWS published this handbook with practical in bane, j imsonweed, etc.), and ayahuasca fonnation for laboratory personnel, purchas (Banasteriopsis caapi). Additionall y, there ing agents, and quality assurance managers are secti ons on alcohol, kava, betel, kat (Ca in the herb and medicinal plant industries. tha edulis) , caffeine-rich pl ants (coffee, tea, The information contained in thi s book cola, mate, guarana, chocolate); and tobacco. is derived from tests published in interna The in fo rmati on is given in a lucid, authori tional pharmacopeias. They have been picked tati ve manner and represents the most ad by the book's editors presumabl y on th e ba vance thinking on these substances up to the sis of the accuracy of the analyti cal methods fi rst quarter of this century. and for their relati ve applicability in various The book is organi zed by drugs ac commercial laboratories. The book includes cording to th eir primary pharmacological ac most of the expected types of informati on, ti vity- as determined by Lewin : Euphori ca: such as powder and sieve size, general ad Phantastica, by Lewis Lewin, M.D. Inner Mental Sedati ves; Phantastica: Hallucinat vice on sampling of test materi als, determi Traditions, Rochester, VT. Paperback, ISBN- ing Substances; lnebriantia; Hypnoti ca: nation of foreign matter, macroscopic and 0-89287-783-6. 7998. 288 pp, $76.95. Soporifics ; and Excitantia. The substances microscopic examination, and thin-layer (Reprint of 7 924 original.) ABC Catalog mentioned above are explained under these chromatography. In addition, determinati ons #B363. headings. of various parameters include ash, extract This book ra nks w ith C laus Yo n The publishers are to be congratul ated able matter, water and volatile matter, vola Bibra's Plant Intoxicants ( 1855) as one of fo r maki ng this classic volume available to tile oil s, bittern ess value, hemolyti c acti vity, the primary c lassics in the fie ld of the student and coll ector. This book provides tannins, swelling index, foaming index, pes ethnopsychopharmacology. The author, a valuable data and insights into an entire class ticide residues, arsenic and heavy metals, and German phys ician of th e last part of the 19th of natural products, some of whi ch continue mi cro-organi sms. This book provides meth and early 20th centuries, was considered the to be used on a widespread basis in our cul ods for determining radioactive contamina greatest medi cal toxicologist in Germany of ture, and others whose use stimulates much tion raising culture media and strains of mi hi s time. Unlike the previous work cited by concern regarding natu ral healthcare and cro-organisms, and other technical informa Yon Bibra, still a classic and reprinted by the drug interdic tion po li cy. Mark ti on regarding reagents and solutions. same publisher ( 1995), thi s book deals with Blumenthal Unlike a pharmacopeia monograph, vegetable drugs of a hallucinatory, sedati ve, thi s book contains generic tests and proce and CNS stimulating acti vity that have been dures for virtually any vegetable materi al, not used in traditional societi es as ritual agents specific tests applied to specific botani cal and as medicines. Top 10 Sellers from ABC's Herbal materials. Obviously, it is not the scope of Lewin's place in the hi story of mod Education Catalog ern herbal medicine is well establi shed as can the WHO to provide specific testing proce March 7 999 through July 7 999 dures and parameters for the hundreds of be attested by a review of the literature on Previous standing shown in () herbal materi als sold in commerce through kava (Piper methysticum ). Lewin was the out the world. In thi s sense, the book con first to publish an extensive scientific mono l. The Complete German Commission E tains the essential guidelines for proper labo graph on kava in 1874 documenting the Monographs - Therapeutic Guide to ratory procedures that need to be applied known chemistry and pharmacology of this Herbal Medicines: Blumenthal, Busse, according to th e particul ar exi gencies cre traditional South Pacific medi cinal pl ant Goldberg, Hall, Riggins and Rister, eds ., ated by the plant materi al involved. At a time at least the state of the science at th at time- Klein and Rister, trans . (1) when the herb industry and the Food and 125 years ago! Additionall y, Lewin was th e 2. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions : Brinker (2) Drug Administration are attempting to re fi rst to publish a monograph on betel (Areca 3. Botanical Safety Handbook: McGuffin, solve fin al regul ations for good manufactur catechu ) in 1888-the well -kn own stimulant Hobbs, Upton and Goldberg (3) ing practi ces, this guidebook becomes an im of India and Afri ca. He also published the 4. Rational Phytotherapy: Schulz, Hansel portant and much-needed reference tool for earliest monograph on peyote (Lophophora wi/liamsii ), the ritual hallucinatory "medi and Tyler (4) every in-house laboratory in the herb and di Foster (8) cine" favored by Nati ve Ameri cans of the 5. Herbs for Your Health : etary supplement field, as well as for all com 6. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine: Southwestern U. S. and Northern Mexico. mercial and uni versity laboratories. - Mark Bartram (7) This classic book contains many Blumenthal 7. Tyler 's Honest Herbal: Tyler (back after monographs replete with the best available a short absence) scientific and commercial market informa 8. Herbal Medicines : A Guide for Health ti on avail able at the time it was written. Care Professionals: Newall, Anderson and Monographs include such botani cal sub Phill ipson (5) stances as opium, morphine, and heroin ; coca 9. Cancer and Natural Medicine: Boik (9) and cocaine; peyote, marijuana, the tropane l 0. Sa stun: Arvigo (back after a 3-year alkaloid-rich pl ants of the Solanaceae (hen- absence) 1999 HERB ALGRAM 47 75 LETTERS RE: PDR FOR HERBAL MEDICINE: Us ing the botanical Latin, according to the plant species is the Latin binomial (or trino SOME SUGGESTIONS Intern ati onal Code of Botanical Nomencla mi al) with the author citation attached. The This PDR is a welcome edition to the ture (updated every six years, most recently reasons for this are arcane and technical, hav medical and pharmacological literature and in St. Loui s thi s year) is th e only primary or ing to do with duplication and synonymy, but to the full set of PDRs. However, as with any ultimate way to identify and li st the many it is easy to include this abbreviated author first edition, there are several improvements herbs whi ch are on the market today. Of citation, and it ensures the correct identi fi whi ch could be made for the next editions. course the common or vernacul ar names are cation of the specific pl ant taxon being con In general, Varro Tyler's book review in useful too and widespread, but they always sidered. In technical research papers on HerbalGram Number 46 (Spring 1999) is are a potential source of confusion and du herbs, this use of the full , correct name is helpful and on the right track, except for his plication (ginger, ginseng, cohosh, chamo essenti al, and it should be included in th e criticisms of the pagination method (the long mile, tansy, skunk cabbage all are common PDR entries. The Latin name also should be standing PDR system of paginati on is useful names referring to two or more plants not itali cized whenever possible. and effecti ve, in my opinion) and of the necessarily related botan icall y or chemi call y.) All taxa included in the PDR need to present arrangement of plants by botanical In the PDR, the binomials are incor be checked for correct spelling of the Latin Latin binomi al name (whi ch is the best way rectl y written throughout. The second part name. I have only perused a copy of th e PDR to li st the herbs, with appropriate indexing to of the binomial (name) is technically called in a bookstore, but I quickly noti ced two the many common names in use. ) the specific epithet. It is never capitali zed spelling errors: Eschscholtzia (sic) should be It seems that PDR needs to have one or and should always be written in lower-case, written Eschscholzia without the "t", despite more professional botanists to review each despite an earli er convention of capitalizing that the genus was na med after Dr. new editi on of the PDR for Herbal Medicine. some specific epithets that derived fro m Eschscholtz; and Dipsacus silvestris (s ic) These botanists should have comprehensive proper names of individuals. Also, and thi s should be Dipsacus sylvestris. I suspect there training in taxonomy and nomencl ature. Herb is very important, the Latin binomial needs are other such errors which could be easil y names are confusing and often mi sleading, to have the "author citation" li sted just after checked. For North American taxa, the and the situation today, with the plethora of it. Again , technicall y as required in the In quickest and easiest way to do this is to refer new herb books and references, is a mess. ternational Code, the full Latin name of the to Kartesz' database of N. American pl ants ABC ACTIVITIES continued from page 13 May 23 - Body and Soul Conference, in Herbal Products: When can Science be Products: Current Trends and Future Pros Austin, TX. "Herbal Medicine Goes Main Borrowed?" pects." stream: Out of the Kitchen and into the July 1 Drug In fo rmat ion August 2 - Presentation of "Herbal Clini c." Association's 35 th annual meeting, Balti Overview of OSHEA" at th e Regul atory May 24-27 - Columbia Uni versity's more, MD. Panel: "Important Drug-Nutri Affairs Profess ionals Society Conference, Center for Continuing Educati on in the ent Interactions with Popular Emerging and "The Regulation of Dietary Supplements," Health Sciences and Columbia-Presbyterian Re-emerging Therapeutics." in Washington, DC. Medi cal Center's Rosenthal Center, New July 8 - NNFA Convention, Las Ve August 5 - Presentation of "The Gin York City, NY. "Hi story of Botanicals in gas, Nevada. Panel Moderator, "The Hi story seng Evaluati on Program of ABC" at the Six Medicine and Pharmacy." and Future of Mushroom-Based Nutrition," teenth Internati onal Botani cal Congress in St. May 26 - The Drug, Chemi cal and for Mycology Research Labs., Ltd. of Great Loui s, MO. Alli ed Trades Association, Inc., New York Britain. August 7 - Presentati on of "Phyto City. Nutrition and Health Education held July 12 - Nutracon '99 Conference, equivalence of Herbal Products: Is it Rea in New York City, NY. Las Vegas, NY. Moderator: Welcome, Inter sonabl e to Borrow Someone Else's Re May 29 - Commencement Address, national Track Presentations. search," in the Poconos of Pennsy lvani a for The Canadi an College of Naturopathic July 13 - Nutracon '99. Western Eu The American Herbalists Guild. Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Hon rope series presentation: "Herb Research and orary Doctor of Natural Medicine presented. Phytoequi valence: Using European Research June 10-12 - 1999 International for U.S . Product Claims. " Echinacea Conference, "Past, Present, and July 20 - Testimony at the FDA Stake Future." Trout Lake Farms, Washington. holders meeting on Dietary Supplements, "Echinacea: Regul atory Issues and Struc Oakland, CA. "The Need for an Independent ture-Function Claims." Expert Advisory Panel to Assess Therapeu June 16 - " Herbal Medicine into th e tic Benefits and Potential Ri sks of Herbal New Millennium." Southern Cross Uni ver Products Sold in the US ." sity, Li smore, Australia. Creating the Vision, July 25 - Institute of Food Technolo "Research Incentives and Phytoequiva lence gists annual meeting, Chi cago, IL. "Herbal 76 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 LETTERS on the web (BONAP database at USDA/ in this respect, but many physicians will have [You are right. At times we publish PLANTS website, now avai lable on CD). A easy access to the PDR rather than thi s rather th e schedule ofconferences that may be over copy of Mabberley's The Plant-Book on th e diffuse other literature. So, the more recent by the time Herbal Gram is available. We do publisher's shelves would also be a very research references that could be included this in order to inform our readers of such helpful reference. with each PDR herb entry, the better. Mod events in case the conference or workshop In each of the PDR entries there is a ern herbalism is in a welcome growth spurt, proceedings might be of interest even after section called "habitat," which includes de emerging slowly from ancient and medieval the fact. Th e Calendar posting on our scription of the geographical range of the folklore and quackery, but in the process website MARKET REPORT ON HERBS AND SPICES continued from page 63 Botanicals: Very interesting markets to be exercised. Supply will remain a long All in all , thi s has been a very dull again this quarter-stock markets that is. term problem. We are approached daily by quarter for suppliers of quality botanicals. Most of the attention seems to be focused new companies selling raw and processed The results of this year's growing season on who's buying whom and for how much botanicals, oi ls, and extracts. Sadly, we in Europe will soon be known and based and who will be losing whose job in the must report, based on correspondence, con on weather conditions are expected to be consolidation and working as a "consult versations and samples, that many of these normal. It is still too early as this is written ant" for the foreseeable future. Warehouses new suppliers have no experience, no to issue news of this year's shortages, in remain overloaded with a few "hot" botani knowledge, no materi al, and no clue. Some spite of dire warnings from some sources cals, like the usual suspects St. John's wort, still think they can palm off the old notori that supply of all roots will be tight and Kava, Ginkgo, Echinacea (both extract ous "U.S. Quality," i.e., bad, botanicals on quality will be poor due to excessive mois and bulk leaves) and empty of almost any this market since they believe that Ameri ture. Be sure to check your very next Mar thing else. Stored botanicals are not neces can buyers onl y want their botanicals cheap ket Report for the usual no-journali stic sarily improving with age so quality ques and clean and have no idea what they are holds-barred muckraking scoop on this tions may begin to arise as store shelves supposed to look like, smell like or con critical (to both of you readers who have remain groaning under the weight of un tain. Others offer "pure" botanical pow made it this far) issue. sold herbal products, and manufacturers and ders at prices that are, somewhat suspi marketers offer better and better deals to ciously, less than the cost of good-quality Potpourri Items: Good news at last' retailers. These products will sell through, whole unproces ed material. And new sup This section removed from the market re though, and manufacturers will have to buy pliers of herbal extracts seem to crop up at port, possibly forever' again and then extreme caution will need the rate of three or four a week 1 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 77 ACCESS In this department of Herba/Gram , we list resources such as publications, organizations, seminars, and networking for our readers. A listing in this section does not constitute any endorsement or approval by Herba/Gram , ABC, HRF, or the HRF Professional Advisory Board. Association for Hawaiian 'Awa, dedicated to Herbal Book Awards Announced, established and email addresses compiled in separate index. research, education, and preservation of the by the International Herb Association. Contest Contact Dan Pratt, OTA Press, P.O. Box 547, cultural and medicinal values associated with the open to any writer. Awards to be presented in Greenfield, MA 01302. Ph: 4131775-9965. Fax: 'awa plant (kava or Piper methysticum). For six catagories: Herbal Horticulture; Food and 413/774-6432. Email CALENDAR November 9-11: Meeting New Challenges as 78 HERBAL GRAM 47 1999 CALENDAR 2000 926-4900. Fax: 512/926-2345. Email April 2-5: Fourth International Symposium January S-6: Bioavailability of Nutrients and 1999 HERBALGRAM 47 79 CALENDAR 86 10 64220890. Fax 86 10 64287404. Email September 4-7: Ethnopharmacology 2000: October 19-23: World of Aromatherapy 111 A listing in this classified section does not constitute any endorsement or approval by Herba/Gram , the American Botanical Council, the Herb Research Foundation , or the HRF Professional Advisory Board . Herba/Gram Classified ad rates : $1 .25 per word; $35 minimum . Contact Debbie Jones, P.O . Box 144345, Austin , TX 78714-4345 . 512/ 926-4900 ext 106. Fax 512/ 926-2345. BOOKS, TAPES & VIDEOS CORRESPONDENCE COURSES AND Oakl and, CA 9461 8. Phone 510/428-206 1, Toll SEMINARS Free 800/736-01 82. Publish articles - Comprehensive g uide/ workbook reveals secrets to writing health Aromatherapy Studies Course/Jeanne Rose. The School of Natural Healing was fo unded features that deli ght editors and get customers. Corresponde nce, certi ficati o n, in-pe rson in 1953 by Dr. John R. Christopher, M.H., N.D., Guaranteed. Send $ 12.95 to Vi sible Ink( d), 37 12 intensives. 160 CEU provided, Cali fornia Board and continues hi s legacy of excell ent herbal E. Pasadena, Phoeni x, AZ 8501 8. of RN Provider #CEP 11 659. Info: 2 19 Carl training. The SNH offers Master Herbali st St. , San Francisco, CA 941 17 or FAX 415/564- (M .H.) training in 22 course levels. This full Tieraona Low Dog MD, AHG - Videos on 6799. spectrum o f courses is ta ught by expert herbal & nutritional treatment s. Topi cs include: instructo rs, in the conveni ence of your own menopause; headaches; asthma; ADD & IBD. Institute of Chinese Herbology has been home, on 36 videos, 24 audio-cassettes, and 23 For a complete li sting or additional in formati on teaching courses in Chinese Herbal Medicine hi gh quality texts. Subjects covered range from call Hound Dog Producti ons 800/505-4679. since 1986. Our 130-hour audiotaped program herb botany, plant identification, making your (includes extensive notes and herb samples) is own herbal tinctures, preparati ons and herbal excellent for anyone who wants to gain a chemi stry. For free information, call 800/372- working knowledge of C hinese herbs. Free 8255 or write to the School of Natural Healing, Brochure: Admissions 2HG, 5459 Shafter Ave., 80 HERBAlGRAM 47 1999 CLASSIFIED P.O. Box 412, Springville, UT 84663 o r Connecrion, a 40-page bimonthly trade journal Washington In sight , II 000 Waycroft Way. North The Business of Herbs - Comprehensive 80308. - - - - reporting, business news, marketing hints, sources, and resources. Subscription $24/yr. Was hington Insight - A quarterl y newsletter Educate yourself Brochure/SASE from orthwind Publicati ons, designed to keep natural products scientists about herbs 439 Ponderosa Way, Jemez Springs, NM 87025. abreast of important happenings in Washington, D.C., th at may affect them and their institutions. Become a member of the HerbalGram - Quarterl y journal published by Read interviews wi th Congressmen, Senators Herb Research Foundation the Ameri can Botani cal Council and the Herb and governme nt offic ials ; re ports o n key Research Foundation. $29/yr, $52/2 yrs, $70/3 Congressional hearings. FDA, NIH, HIH Offices yrs. P.O. Box 144345, Austin, TX 78714. 800/ of Altern ati ve Medicine, Dietary Supplements; memberships start at $3 5 373-7 105 or fax 512/926-2345. See page 5 in " Update on Promi sing New Compounds" - 0 the accompanying Herbal Education Catalog for what's hot from marine organ isms. plants, phone toll free ordering information. Email 1999 HERB ALGRAM 47 81 CLASSIFIED State Li censed. Approved to offer CE Credits Middle East Center for Botanical Studies - EQUIPMENT fo r Pharmacists, RN's and LMT's. For a free Hands on training in Western/Middle Eastern! Prospectu s call 800/487-8839, e ma il European Herbal ism. Starting January 2, 2000. Hydraulic Extraction Presses. You can own 82 HERBALGRAM 47 1999 HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG ~ ----~~ ~elebrating t 0 _:_ ... ~ ~<...... ucating the ic on - ~ · . use of and phytomedict als. HERBAL GRAM HERBALGRAM is a scientific, peer-reviewed, extensive 2.5-acre sire is being developed with herbal gardens, nature quarterly publication that includes feature-length walkways, a rainwater harvesting system, and an attractive new greenhouse articles, research reviews, co nference reports, and where ABC visitors can observe many popular herbs in growth. book reviews. The foc us is on herbs and medicinal Phase 2 of the Capital Campaign should begi n shortly, as plans are plants, the history of their use, erhnoborany, being made to construct a new Herbal Educatio n and Research Center modern clinical research that confirms historical building. T his building will include an auditorium, lecture classrooms, a usage, and legal and regulatory developments multimedia resource center, an herbal reference library, a conference room, regarding the marketing and sale of medicinal botanical laboratories, a solarium, and staff offices. As these changes plant products. This highly acclaimed journal has received wide acknowl occur, fu nds will be used to convert the Annex into additional staff offices edgment for its accuracy, credibiliry, scope of subject matter, and beaury. and to further improve rhe herbal gardens. Each issue of H ERBAL GRAM is peer-reviewed by the Advisory Board of ABC's Capital Campaign provides opportunities for groups and ABC. T his board consists of some of the leading scientists in the area of individuals to work together through gifts, grants, partnerships with other medicinal plant research in the United States, as well as scientists in organizations, volunteerism, and in-kind contributions. ABC encourages related professions. In this way, we maintain a high level of accuracy and organizations, individuals, and corporations to rake part in this innovative credibiliry. H ERBALGRAM is available to journalists, editors, and free-lance recognition and donor dedication program. writers for scientific, medical, health, pharmacy, and garden publications. Estimated readership at the end of 1998 was more than 60,000. Assistance To Media A viral role being filled by ABC is as a reliable source for herbal ABC's New Home information to the national and internatio nal media. ABC has provided In the summer of 1998, ABC moved to the Case Mill Homestead in scientific data and facts to CNN, CBS, NBC, and ABC television news. Austin, Texas, creating the Herbal Education and Research Center. This The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Chicago Sun-Times, faci li ry is the first of its kind in the US, and will enhance ABC's role in The Los Angeles Times, and USA Today represent only a few national increasing public awareness of herbal and botanical plant use as medici nes . newspapers which are in contact regularly ro report herbal news. News, Now ending the first part of a rwo-stage Capital Campaign funding health, and medical periodicals such as TIME, Newsweek, Consumer effort, ABC has successfully renovated the 140-year old histori c farmhouse Reports, Psychology Today, Harvard Women's Health Watch, Annals of for use as administrative offices. The Carriage H ouse has been altered to Internal Medicine, Reader's Digest, Family C ircle, Lad ies Home Journal, accom modate the ABC sales team and a warehouse of literature and Good Housekeeping, Cosmopolitan, Shape, Self, Glamour, Men's Health, materials being shi pped daily to customers ordering from ABC's Herbal and more constantly look to ABC for viable statistics and trends in the Education Catalog. An Annex Building has been added to the site, which herbal medicine fi eld. ABC regularly contributes to the health retail and is the first home for the Resource Center and Education Program. The trade press, providing articles to Natural Foods Merchandiser, Delicious!, ABC ON-LINE Communicate with the American Botanical Council via the World Wide Web. Ask questions about research projects, send The American Botanical Council (ABC) is beginning rlhe celebration letters to the editor of HERBAL GRAM, get of its IOrlh anniversary. It was incorporated in November, 1988, as a information about ordering any of the nonprofit herbal research and educational organization. products ABC offers in order to fund ABC's goals are to educate rlhe public about beneficial herbs and education and research projects. plants and to promote rlhe safe and effective use of medicinal plants. The following objectives help us attain our goals: HERBALGRAM subscription, book inquiries, and ordering information: Disseminate accurate, responsible, scientific information on herbs and herbal research [email protected] to rlhe public, governmental agencies and the professional and scientific communities. Pharmacy from the Rainforest or Advance consumer health interests in rlhe use of medicinal herb products. Pharmacy Continuing education: Increase public awareness and professional knowledge of rlhe historic role and gengels@herbalg ram.org current potential of plants in healing and medicine. Case Mill Campaign or support Contribute information to professional and scientific literature rlhat helps establish for other projects: accurate, credible toxicological and pharmacological data on numerous types of wsilverman @herbalg ram.org plants and plant materials. Promote understanding of the importance of preserving native indigenous cultures Letters or editorial inquiries ro HERBALGRAM and plant populations throughout rlhe world. bj @herbalgram.org Provide the public with original research and reprints of plant-related articles, General information e-mail: audio/video tapes, books, and orlher educational materials. abc@herbalgram .org Assist rlhe Herb Research Foundation (HRF) in achieving its non-profit research See our whole catalog at and educational goals. World Wide Web domain address: www.herbalgram.org Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form 2 Questions call512/926-4900; e-mail: [email protected] HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 Healthy & Natural, Health Food Business, Nutrition Science News, Let's Third Party Literature Live, Natural Pharmacy, Whole Foods, and Vegetarian Times among ABC produces and distributes third parry literature as provided for in others. In addition, ABC's executive director Mark Blumenthal regularly the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (OSHEA). ap pears as a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television ralk Section 5 of the Act perm irs, for the first rime, the use of information shows. from books, publications, and scientific literature in connection with the sale of dietary supplements if the information is nor false or misleading, Ginseng Evaluation Program does not promote a particular manufacturer or brand, presents a balanced view of the scientific in formation, is physically separated from supple In 1993, prompted by concerns over possible mislabeling and ments if displayed in a retail store, and does nor have any other informa adulteration, ABC initiated a study of commercial ginseng products sold tion appended ro it. ABC is a leader in providing this type of literature. throughout North America-the Ginseng Evaluation Program (GEP). This Offerings include the Botanical Booklet Series, eight-page booklets is the first rime a srudy of this magnitude has been conducted on ginseng profiling 14 individual herbs; the Research Review Series, four-page color or any popular herbal product. Through GEP, ABC seeks ro set a standard reprints of"Research Reviews" from H ERBALG RAM; literature reviews on for future studies, increase consumer confidence in rhe natural products echinacea, tea, and kava; and Common Herbs, a peer-reviewed color industry, and increase awareness and respo nsibility on the parr of the pamphlet describing 29 medicinal plants and their uses. manufacturers of natural products. Working wirh rwo leading university laboratories, ABC developed cutting edge methodologies for analyzing ginseng and established strict Catalog Contents administrative and resting protocols to ensure confidentiality and accuracy. When published in 1999, GEP will have analyzed hundreds of American Bota nical Council's Goals and Projects ...... 2 commercial ginseng products for content and verification of manufactur Book Catalog ...... 12 Africa ...... 22 ers' claims of ginseng levels. The results will be published in H ERBALGRAM Amazonia I Ra inforests ...... 2 1 and disseminated through an extensive program of public educa tion and Asia ...... 22 scientific papers. Audio ...... 28 Back Li st ...... 29 German Commission E Monographs Cancer Research ...... 19 In the summer of 1998, ABC published The CompLete German Caribbean ...... 24 Commission E Monographs- Therapeutic Guide to HerbaL Medicines. The Central Ameri ca ...... 2 1 Clinical/Therapeutic ...... 18 Commission E of the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Eclectic ...... 16 Devices is the group res ponsible for researching and regulating rhe safety Essential O ils I Phytocosmetics ...... 26 and efficacy of herbs and phyromedicines (plant medicines) in Germany. Ethnobotany ...... 19 ABC and many of rhe leadi ng medicinal plant experrs in rhe U.S. are Field Guides ...... 16 strongly convinced that the availability of these monographs in English Food and Nutrition ...... 26 will have a strong impact on increasing the acceptance oflegirimare medical For and About Children ...... 27 uses of phyromed.icines among physicians, pharmacists, regulators, journalists, the General Botany ...... 20 General Herbals ...... 12 pharmaceutical and herbal industries, and rhe general public. Ginseng ...... 25 Initiated by ABC in rhe su mmer of 1993, rhe work features rhe Hemp I Medical Marij uana ...... 24 translated text of the monographs as wel l as reference rabies of side effects, History ...... 16 pharmacological actions, clinical indicatio ns and contraindications, herb Ind ia ...... 2 1 drug interactions, and taxonomic cross-references. T he work was Individual Topics ...... 13 published in cooperation with ABC's publis hing partner, Integrative Middle East ...... 24 Medicine Communications, as was the new CD-ROM version of rhe work. Mu lti media ...... 28 Mushrooms ...... 25 Health Professional Continuing Education Native American ...... 22 Pacific ...... 2 1 In a historic development in the mid-1990's, ABC began offering Pharmacognosy ...... 20 home-study and travel courses, approved for pharmacy continuing Pharmacopeias ...... 20 education credit for pharmacists from anywhere in the United States. The Preparati ons I Cooking ...... 26 program includes a single written module and ethnoboranical trips. The Psychoactive ...... 25 written module cal led "Popular Herbs in the U.S. Market: Therapeutic Research ...... 18 Monographs" is a collection of26 monographs based on a combination of Software ...... 27 Specific Herbs ...... 14 recent resources, including the American Herbal Product Association's Technical Works ...... 17 BotanicaL Safety Handbook rating for each herb. ABC has been hosting US Regional ...... 24 ethnobotanical trips that offer educational credit for courses set in the Video ...... 28 rainforests of Africa, Belize, Costa Rica, and Peru, for a full year of Women's Top ics ...... 15 continuing education credit. In Fall 1999, ABC plans ro publish irs first Botanical Booklet Series ...... 30 national medical continuing education module in cooperation with the Commission E ...... 11 Texas Medical Association. T he module wi ll be a co llection of mono Ethnobotanical Tours ...... 9 graphs derailing clinical research and phyroequivalence, as well as drug HerbCiip ...... 28 HerbalGram Back Issues ...... 7 descriptions, indications, dosage, mechanism of action, and safety HerbalGram BackPacks and Cumulative Index ...... 8 information. HerbaiGram Subscription ...... 5 Monographs ...... 4 Your purchases from this Ca talog directly Order Form ...... 31 Shirts and Caps ...... 6 support ABC's Educa tion and Research projects. Special Publications ...... 1 0 Special Reports ...... 1 0 Cover photo cou rtesy of Steven Foster, see ad on page 6 of this catalog. Th ird Party Litera tu re ...... 30 Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form Questions call512/926-4900; e-mail: [email protected] 3 HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 I ' ' ' MONOGRAPHS ESCOP Monographs Prepared by the European Scientific Cooperative on American Herbal Pharmacopoeia ESC 0 P Phytotheropy (ESCOP)-o group of herbal experts from fl1lft-1.\lir.8'>1.._(J:luiUAfl\f academia and industry in the European Union . These '"""lt"'...... Monographs monographs contain indications, contraindications, side effects, dosage, interactions, and many other important HAWTHORN LEAF WITH with 'Flo MONOGRAPHS therapeutic parameters of 50 leading herbs and r111'"'t"'' '1'1' · -~--- V 11lerian cR.p,ot FLOWER and VALERIAN l;,t,..,...... o; ...... t.. phytomedicines in Europe . Well referenced. Amust for ROOT MONOGRAPHS physicians, pharmacists, noturopoths, herbalists, industry, ON THE • Comprehensive review of the MHliCJNAt Ust:.S and researchers. OF PL\ST DRL'Q; therapeutic use of Hawthorn Leaf ESCOP monographs ore published in loose-leaf form, with Flower and Valerian Root for insertion into o dedicated ring binder. ESCOP • Complete safety and ••• employs the traditional phormocopeiol nome of the toxicology dolo . . Hawthorn leaf with herb os the title of each monograph. • Cnncollnformotion on s1de effects, controindicotions, all Flower Monograph Valerian Root Monograph For a complete listing of monographed herbs and fascicule aspects of quality $1995 for oil five foscicules divisions, see page 34 of HerbaiGrom #40, or visit our control, historical use and more ltem#421 website: www.herbalgram.org/monogrophs.html • Fully referenced and peer $1995 reviewed by international Item #426 outhonties Item #427 Chinese Herb Monographs CHINESE DRUG MONOGRAPHS AND ANALYSIS by H. Wagner, R. Bauer et ol. Fitoterapia Monographs range from 8 to 17 pp . and Extensive monographs and literature reviews from Fitoterapia, include such information as: pharmocopeios a leading international botanical research journal. found in, publication first cited in, official drugs, substitute drugs, description of official Bilberry Voccinium myrtillus 26 pp. Item #4 25A drugs, falsification drugs, pretreatment of Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba 48 pp. Item #425B the row drug, medicinal use, main Grope Vitis vinifera 25 pp. Item #425C constituents, pharmacology, toxicology, TLC Horse Chestnut Aescu/us hippocastanum 28 pp. Item #4250 fingerprint analysis, evaluation, HPLC fingerprint analysis, and references. S10 . each Milk Thistle Silybum marianum 39 pp. Item #425E RADIX ASTRAGALI (Huang Qi) Astragalus #04 24A Pumpkin Cucurbita pepo , 11 pp. Item #425F FRUCTUS SCHISANDRAE (Wuweizi) Schisandro #0424B Pygeum Prunus africana 14 pp. Item #4 2SG RADIX REHMANNIAE (Dihuang ) Rehmonnio #0424C Sow Palmetto Serenoa repens 14 pp. Item #425H RADIX BUPLEURI (Chaihu) Bupleurum #0424D St. John's Wort Hypericum perforatum 25 pp. Item #4251 BULBUS FRITILLARIAE (Beimu) Fritillarioe #0424E Valerian Valeriano officina/is 13 pp. Item #425J RHIZOMA PINELLIAE (Bon xia) Pinellia #0424F HERBA HOUTIUYNIAE CORDATAE (Xuxi ngcao) Houttuynia #0424G $1 0 sag for alllO HERBA ASARI (Xix in) Asarum #0424H each Item #425K All 8 monographs $75 (Save $S) #04241 Popular Herbs Monographs AHP St. John's Wort POPULAR HERBS IN THE U. S. MARKET: From the American Herbal Pharmacopoeia TM and Therapeutic Monographs Therapeutic Compendium. 32-poge, THERAPEUTIC MONOGRAPHS !'n.juhn',\\Un by Mark Blumenthal and Chance Riggins. 1997. n,,...,,,.,#/ftrf.···"'"'' four·color special supplement to HER BALGRAM #40, Continuing education course for pharmacists covering 1997. 26 herbs popular in the moss market and pharmacies. • The most comprehensive and up-to-dote Includes proper use, safety, dosage and related information on St. John's wort available anywhere. therapeutic information. Passing grade and $6 to be • Independent review of all aspects of the sent with test earns two hours of continuing education therapeutic use of St. John's wort. credit. Accreditation expires Aug . 31, 1999. • Critical information on dosages, side effects, controindicotions, drug interactions, quality control and manufacturing including macroscopic and microscopic Tho Uoi~'~ ofT~• [oll~o of Phmmo • Market Reports • Legal Issues • a~ ---.;;-..48 Research . ,. ' feature. . • Conferences. only please) (Texas rACJM 4 ISSUES '· 8 ISSUES $52 Item #502 • (1 00/o discount) CANADA ~ Item #505 FOREIGN $ 21tem #508 card toll free 7105 or fax 512/926-2345 Shirts and Caps Our Peruvian Amazon guides (Top Right} sport the nifty, new ABC cops. (I) Julio wears the denim cop (Item #HABlDE} . (r} Roldan wears the green and khaki version (Item #HAGRKH} . Both cops ore embroidered with the ABC echinoceo logo on the front and American Botanical Council on the bock. Adjustable, one size. $16. Cops T-shirts Polo shirts $16 $20 $35 MEET OUR STAFF! Bottom Right: (I) George Solis, Shipping Assistant, wears the natural t-shirt. (r} lauren Thompson, Conference Coordinator, is wearing the white polo. Both shirt styles ore available in natural and white. ffv~ERIUN BoTf.NICAL On shirt orders, please specify Polo ($35}, or Tee ($20} as well COUNCIL as size (S, M, l, Xl}; and color (white or natural}. Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form Questions call512/926-4900; e-mail: [email protected] 6 ·------HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 BACK ISSUES #1 - Soovoor 83. (4 ~. ) Arneriwn HerlxJ 1'r00x1s AssoOOtioo; Herb Blurbs; Research; Media Watch; and more. #2 - Fall/Winter 83-84. (8 pp. ) FDA Overruled; Industry News; Market Report; Media; Herb Blurbs; and more. Our back issues #3 - Spring 84. (8 pp.) Industry News; Research Reviews; Market Report; Media Watch; and more. #4 - Fall 84. (12 pp. ) FDA; Research Reviews; Market; aren't old issues ... Conferences; Alternatives for Gout, and more. #5 -Spring 85. (12 pp.) FDA Sues GNC; Market Report; until you've read them. Research Reviews; Herb Blurbs; and more. #6 -Summer 85. (12 pp .) Desert Plants; Regulatory #25 - Summer 1991. (56 pp.) · ..._,"( ines; Bitter U. S. Botanical Market Overview; Boo k Reviews; and more. Update; Research Reviews; Herb Blurbs; and more. Melon; Ginseng; Astrogolu 1r- V\'l\l- ; Desrgner #3 7- Summer 1996. (80 pp.) Peppe rmint Oil; Antioxidant #7-Foll85 . (12 pp.) Herb Safety Fund; FDA Proposes GRAS Foods; Meals ~"( 0'" Ingredient Review Activity of Herbs; Articho ke; Echi noceo; flax Seed; Herba l High limits; Market Report; Research Reviews; and more. Proposal; Boo 0 ore. Products; FDA Statement on Ephedra; Chief Two Moons Meridos; #8 - Winter 86. (12 pp. ) Natural Drug Research; Market #26 - Winter 2. (64 pp.) Misftetoe and Cardiovascular Special feature: Rediscovering Teo; Chocolate; Market Reports; Report; Research Reviews; Jim Duke Profile; and more. System; Stevia Petition; NLEA Update; Cranberry Juice; Anti-Emetic Ga ia Herb Symposium; Book Reviews; and more. #9 - Spring 86. (12 pp.) Canadian Report; Research Effect of Ginger; Healing Art of Richard Solomon; TCM Update; #38 - Fall 1996. (80 pp.) Anticancer Effect of Zizyphus; Reviews; Media Watch; Methods in Phytochemistry; and more. WHO Symposium Report; Book Reviews; and more. Milk Thistle for Liver Damage; Essential Oils for Headache; #l 0- Summer/ Fall 86. (16 pp.) FDA Policy; Chernobyl; #2 7-Summer 1992. (64 pp. ) Rainforest Remedies; Badianus Echinoceo; Licorice and Lupus; Elderberry; Comfrey PA Content; Research Reviews; Spice Marketing Overview; and more. Manuscript, Herb Industry Proposal; Latin American Antimicrobials; FDA; Mo Huang; Excerpts from One River; fragile Blooms; Ging er #11 -Winter 87 . (16 pp. ) Tropical Rain Forests; Plant Drugs Health Freedom Bill; Tropical Medicinal Plant Research; Lost for nausea in Pregnancy; Market Reports; Book Reviews; and more. in 21st Century; Research Review's; and more. Narcotic Plants of Shawnee; Book Reviews; and more. #39 - Spring 1997. (88 pp.) St. John's Wort; Bromeloin; #12- Spring 87. (16 pp. ) Ayurveda; Research Reviews; AHPA #28- Winter 1993 . (72 pp. ) WHO Guidelines; Harvard's Bitter Melon; Kava in Anxiety; Chamomile; Grape Seed Extract, Herb Standards; Media Watch; Father Nature's Formocy; Gloss Flowers; Gotu Kola; Feverfew's Potency; Moringa Bark; Lic orice and Glycyrrhizi n Activity; Mo Huang Update; CDSL and more. Pharmacology of Extinction; NLEA Moratorium; Choporrol Warning; Debates Health Claims; Codex Alimentorius; Special Feature: Kava, #13- Summer 87. (16 pp. ) Economics of Herbs; Market, Natural Products Overview; Book Reviews; and more. An Overview; Henry H. Rusby Profile; European Phytomedicines Research Reviews; Folk Medicine Symposium; and more. #29 - Spring/Summer 1993. (72 pp. ) Echinocea H~hlighted ; Report; Market Reports; Book Reviews; and more. #14 - Foil 87. (16 pp. ) Market, Research Reviews; Mint Indonesia's Living Apothecary; FDA Dispute; Garlic; Ginger as #40-Summer 1997. (72 pp. t 32 pp. supplement) Prostate; Family; Herbal Dolo Bases; Ethnobiology Update; Book Reviews; Antiinflammatory; Echinocea; Ginkgo; Botonicol Jewelry; feverfew Antidiabetic Plants; Comptothecin and Toxol; Proposed GMP and more. Fever; Relative Safety of Herbal Medicines; food Ingredient Safety Regulations; Plantain Adulterated; CDSL Draft Report; Herbal #15 - Winter 88. (24 pp. ) Thailand Herb Conference; Evaluation; Book Reviews; and more. Monographs; Special Supplement: St. John's Wort Monograph; Ladyslipper; Canada Bans Comfrey; Research Reviews; Corral #30 - Winter 1994. (80 pp. ) AI Gentry Tribute; An!Koncer Linnoeus' Gorden; Market Reports; Book Reviews; and more. Family; Book Reviews; and more. Effects of Herbs; Block Pepper; Tanzanian Traditional Medicine; #41 - fall 1997 . (72 pp.) Turmeric Potent Overturned; #16 - Spring 88. (24 pp.) Ginseng Conference Report; FDA and Garlic; German Evaluation of Herba l Medicines; Medicinal feverfew; fenugreek; Green and Bla ck Teas as Antioxidants; Market, Rain Forest Update; Research Reviews; Book Reviews; Plant Stomps; Phytomedicines in Western Europe; Echinaceo: A Citroso Ineffective Mosquito Repellent; CDSL final Report; Psy~ and more. Literature Review; Marker, Book Reviews; and more. lium; flora of Louisiana; Herbs and Heal ing on Nicaragua's Afton #17 -Summer 88. (24 pp.) Sorsoporillo, ALiterature #31 -Summer 1994. (80 pp.) Horse Chestnut, GLA for tic Coast; Market Reports; Book Re vi ews; and more. Review; Conference Reports; Research Reviews; Ginger Family; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Kampa Medicine Resurgence; Kudzu; field #42 - Spring 1998. (80 pp.) Echinaceo Safety Confirmed; Book Reviews; and more. Museum; Jin Bu Huon; Asia's Sacred Groves; Amazon Medicines; Allium Consumption and Cancer; lAMA Ginkgo Study; Canadian #18/ 19 Double issue - Folll988/Winter 1989. (48 pp. ) Mexican-American Herba l Remedies; Tibeton Medical Paintings; Update; Herbalist's Charter; Pictorial History of Herbs in Medicine Hoxsey Film; Medicinal Plant Research Congress; Ginseng Sym Oku Ampofo; Market, Book Reviews; and more. and Pharmacy; Botanical Medicine in Naturopathy; Michael Bolick posium; Garlic; Feverfew for Headaches; Huperzio; St. John's Wort. #32 - falll994 . (80 pp.) Aloe Vera; Kampa Medicines and and Rosita Arvigo, Market Reports; Book Reviews; and more. AReview ; Book Reviews; and more. Cancer; Juniper Berries; Pepper for Liver Protection; Cranberry; #43 - Summer 1998. (80 pp.) Hawthorn; Cardiovascular #20 - Spring 1989. (52 pp.) Timothy Plowman Memorial; Dietory Supplement Health orxl Education Act of 1994; N. AAlericoo Effects of Ephedra; Grapefruit Juice; FDA Proposes Structure-func Canadian Update; Endangered Species Act; Market; Compound Herbal Regulation; Canadian Advisory Committee; Natural Dyes; tion Claim Rules; Cholestin® Bon Lifted; Essential Oils of Mada Q; Castor Bean; Feverfew: AReview; Book Reviews; and more. Passion flowers; Book Reviews; and more. gascar; Pharmacy on Safari; Botonical Agri cu lture in Africa; Pros #21 - Fall 1989. (52 pp.) Podophyllotoxin Complexity; #33 -Spring 1995. (80 pp. ) Garlic's Benefits; Ayurvedic tote and Prunus; Market Reports; Book Reviews; and more. Bupleurum Research; Astragalus; Guava Leaf; Misftetoe; Valerian: Longevity formula; Lavender Oil; St. John 's Wort; Ginger and #44 - foll1998. (80 pp.) The Booming U.S. Market: ANew ALiterature Review; Society for Economic Botony; Poisonous Plant Magnolia; Clinton and Supplement Regulation; Chinese Potent Overview; Ginkgo; Green Teo; flovonoids and Lung Cancer; Lead Symposium; Book Reviews; and more. Medicine; FDA; SpecialSupplement Pharmacy from the Rainforest, ing Herbs for the Mind; Health of the Canadian Herbal Medicine #22 - Spring 1990. (52 pp.) Block Pearls; Uoyd Library; Market; Book Reviews; and more . Marker, Botonical Discoveries of Lewis and Clark; Medicinal Plant Search for Soma; Motherwort for Heart; Ginkgo; Natural Oral #34 - Summer 1995. (80 pp .) Hawthorn for Heart; Conservation; Market Repo rts; Book Reviews; and more. Contraceptives; Canadian Update; Hawthorn: ALiterature Review; Melissa; Sow Palmetto for BPH; Ginkgo and Alzheimer's; Evening #45 -Winter 1999. (84 pp.) Block Cohosh: ALiterature Book Reviews; and more. Primrose Oil; FDA ApprovesToxol ; Mo Huang Regulatory Dilemma; Review; fla x: Ancient Herb and Modem Medicine; Botan ical Claims #23 - Summer 1990. (52 pp.) Japanese Ginseng; Nature's Jamaica Ginger Paralysis; Poison Oak; Cures of the Copper Canyon; Under OSHEA; Balancing Conservation With Utilization; Sow Po~ Medicine for Memory Loss; Special Feature: Chinese Medicinals; European Phytomedicines Market; Book Reviews; and more. metto Studies; Horse Chestnut; Garlic; Market Reports; Book FDA Declares 258 OTC Ingredients Ineffective; Farnsworth #35 - fall1995 . (80 pp.) Essential Oils for Headache; Teo Reviews; and more. Symposium; Rhubarb Conference; and more. Tree Oil; Huperzio and Memory; Rural Mississippi Remedies; Stevio; #24 - Winter 1991. (54 pp.) Harvesting Wild Medicinals; Valerian and Ginger Petitions; Ma Huang Update; Ophthalmology's Fenugreek; Herbal Treatments for Diabetes; Astragalus and Heart Botanical Heritoge; Neem; Pharmacy from the Roinforest-Belize; Disease; Folklore and Folk Medicines; Modern and Traditional Medicinal Plants of Shakespeare; Book Reviews; and more. For precise indexing lnforrnation, Medicine; ESCOP Symposium; and more. #36-Spring 1996. (80 pp.) Kampa formula; Valerian Safety order our Cumulative Index, or visit Confirmed; Green Teo; An!Kancer effects of Ginseng, Gotu Kola; our web site: www .herbalgram.org. Teo Tree Oil; FDA Hearing on Mo Huang; Rhubarb Through the Issues #1- 5: ssoo each Ages; Cardiotonics on Postage Stomps; Uoyd Library Collection; Issues #6- 45: s7so each Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 ~r see page 31 for order form Questions call512/926-4900; e-ma1l: custserv @herbalgram.org 7 HE-RBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 BackPacks HERBALGRAM $].~9.... HERBALGRAM back issues complete your library of information on herbal issues, books, research, conferences, laws, and related topics. The BackPacks are a set of HERBALGRAMs from our first issue Cumulative Index (Summer 1983) through issue #45 (Winter 1999) and include a complete Cumulative Index. (for HERBALGRAM issues 1-45 (1983 -1999) are alphabetically listing of topics in each issue, see page 7 of this catalog.) indexed in a user-friendly way by subject, volume, and page; by Latin binomial, common names and topic; by author; by photo, and reference. Item #401 HERBALGRAM Sample The Journal of the American Botanical Council and the Herb Research Foundation Volume I Volume II Volume III ltem #C URR HERBALGRAM issues #1-17 HERBALG RAM issues #18/19-33 HERBALGRAM issues #34-45 (1983-1988) $82.50 value, (1989-1995) (#25 Out of print) (1995 to current) . sgso Each ltem #550A S105 .00 value, Item #5508 $90 value, Item #5500 Sltpcases Protect and store $7950 ssooo valuable back issues! One slipcase holds one Volume of BackPack. FREE INDEX WITH EACH BACKPACK ORDER! Item # 550C AMAZON CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (ACEER) FOUNDATION ACEER is a U.S. 501 (c)3 and Peruvian nonprofit organization founded in 1991to provide rainforest education and research facilities and programs in the Peruvian Amazon. Among other projects, it operates the ACEER field station, an education and research facility situated in 250,000 acres of pristine primary tropical rainforest three hours northeast by boat from lquitos, Peru. The site boasts the ACEER Canopy Walkway, suspended in the treetops more than 100 feel above ground and approximately 1/4 mile in length -the longest of its kind in the Western Hemisphere. The field station also includes the Dr. Alwyn H. Gentry Laboratory, Useful Plant Trail, meeting space, overnight accommodations, and is the location for a portion of the Peruvian ethnobotanicaltour sponsored each Brent Gree nw eo~ year by ABC, the Texas Pharmacy Foundation, and International Expeditions. the ACEER Canopy Walkway T-shirt. See description For more information about ACEER, call 205-428-1700 below. or emailor [email protected]. ACEER Af~i~ CANOPY FOUNDATION U"flc4 Statcl • l'cTM WALKWAY THE LIVING AIR SOUNDS FROM T·SHIRT THE PERUVIAN RAINFOREST CD Ahigh -quality, 4-color process, 100%cotton , short Recorded and produced by Peter Acker. Awonderful recording using sleeve, white T-shirt. Two-sided printing includes a binaural microphones that captures the natural melodies of the rainforest. Recorded at the beautiful image of the ACEER Canopy Walkway and ACEER facility. Some of the sounds include the Screaming Piha, blue Mo rpho butterfly. Sizes: Large (Item #SAL), XL Olive-backed Oropendula, Laughing Frog, rainstorms and insects. $16. Item #703 (Item #SAXL), and XXL (Item #SAXXJ $20. Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form 8 Questions call512/926-4900; e-mail: [email protected] HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 ETHNOBOTANICAL TOURS The American Botanical Council, in conjunction with The Texas Pharmacy Foundation and International Expeditions, presents: Mayan Medicine Adventure plants. Finally, a special Medicine Woman Fo rum will provide an opportunity for Explore the natural history of healing in the Belize and Tikal (Guatemala) participants to interact with local midwives. magnificent rainforests, reefs, and ancient February 12-19, 2000 At the coast, explore the largest Maya ruins located in the beautiful Caribbean barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere and coastal country of Belize. The diversity of its Centre where we will learn about the discover important research efforts coming people, natural resources, habitats, and medicinal plants and Mayan " Rainforest from this underwater rainforest. At archeological sites form the backdrop for this Remedies" taught to her by the late great Cockscomb Wildlife Basin, seek the elusive exciting expedition experience. Mayan healer Don Eligio Panti. Also, gain first jaguar at the world's only jaguar reserve. The expedition highlights include a hike hand insight into the initial step in plant-based And discover the ancient healing secrets along the Mayan Medicine Trail with Rosita drug discovery by participating in an exciting of the Maya at Tikal, their famous Arvigo at lx Chel Tropical Plant Research afternoon of field collection of medicinal ceremonial site in Guatemala. African Healing Expedition and Safari for Health Care Professionals South Africa consisting of mixtures of herbs, animal Accredited Field Workshop parts, minerals and clays. This tradition June 30-July 13, 2000 is being called upon and combined with Embark on this precedent-setting, modern medicine to help deal with I 5-day expedition to post-apartheid South some of the most pressing health Africa. Witness and experience the local issues of today. interpretation of healthcare, the natural Workshops sites and accommo environment and the unique healing dations are divided between the Cape wisdom of the indigenous people. Town area, the KwaZulu Natal Amidst a mosaic of contrasting Province, and Kruger National Park. landscapes, cultures, and a diversity of Visit Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens & Photo courtesy of Steve Morris, N.D., 1997 wildlife habitats, explore the interrelation Herbarium, the Natal Herbarium, and Pharmacy on Safari photo contest participant ships between people, animal, plant, land, regional hospitals and local village clinics. and health, and uncover the mysteries of Interact with local traditional healers. biodiversity of wild animals and plants at the ancient tribal healing traditions. African Explore the largest healing plant and herb the wildlife preserves. healers have an elaborate materia medica market in Africa. Experience firsthand the A once-in-a-lifetime adventure! A Journey Deep into the Amazon Rainforest Peruvian Amazon October 23-30, 1999 of medicinal and ritual plants, carefully humans. Newly built is the extraordinary Experience the incredibly rich cultivated and maintained in the middle of canopy walkway, the only one of its kind in biodiversity and sensory pleasures of the the rainforest. the Western Hemisphere. The walkway tropical plants, beautiful flowers, and exotic After a hike through the rainforest provides a unique opportunity to experi wildlife of the rainforest. Visit the garden from Explornapo to ACEER, ascend over ence firsthand the breathtaking splendor of apothecary of local shaman Don Antonio I 00 feet into the tropical rainforest canopy, the rainforest canopy ecosystems. Montero, who will take us on a guided tour a realm of nature previously inaccessible to Accredited workshops and field excursions, designed to foster an For further information about these exciting expeditions, appreciation for and an understanding of the importance of medicinal please contact, or send your mailing address to: plants, will be led at each location by prominent experts in the fields of phytomedicine, pharmacognosy, ethnobotanical and ethnobiomedicinal Gayle Engels at the American Botanical Council research, including Mark Blumenthal, Executive Director of the American P.O. Box 144345, Austin, TX 78714-4345 Botanical Council, and James A Duke, PhD, retired botanist from the USDAThese workshops can provide pharmacists withACPE approved TEL: 512/926-4900 FAX: 512/926-2345 CE credits. [email protected] Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form Questions call512/926-4900; e-mail: [email protected] 9 HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 Kava: An Overview Kava: An Overview by Yadhu N. Singh, Ph.D., and Mark Blumenthal. Published in HERBALGRAM No. 39. A Literature Review • 24-page, full color, extensively referenced literature of TEA review explores kava's origin, botany, and geographical by Robertl. Gutman, Ph.D., and distribution in Oceania Beung-Ho Ryu, Ph.D. • Examines the sociological and ceremonial role of kava, Published in HERBALGRAM No.37 $277 ltem#5418 including legends of its origin • Reviews the history, botany, • Describes the chemistry, chemistry, pharmacology, and health pharmacology, clinical aspects, and effects of the active benefits of the active ingredients in constituents in kava. tea. Item #417 • Summary of production and The Booming U.S. Botanical Market: consumption in U.S. and world ANew Overview by Peggy Brevoort. Published in markets HERBALGRAM No . 44 • A16-page review including four-color photography, a listing • 16-page, full color, extensively referenced of the most notable teas, and extensive references. • 21 tables and charts provide up-to-date industry and consumer information Echinacea-A • Addresses growth of the market, supply, advertising, Literature Review health care coverage, definitions, regulatory categories, by Christopher Hobbs $250 ltem#415 consumer attitudes, standards projects, and the future Published in HERBALGRAM No.30 • Referenced in the Dietary AP'~IIo"""Ynf l'luto. A Pictorial History of Herbs in Supplement Health and Education onMechwot;m.,l~ Medicine and Pharmacy Act of 1994 Published in HERBALGRAM No . 42 $250 Item #405-A • A16-page review including • Excerpted from Great Moments in Pharmacy: AHistory four-color representations of all of Pharmacy in Pictures 16-page literature nine species. review • 16-page, full color reproductions of paintings by • Over 200 references. Robert A. Thorn $250 Item #405-B • Tables of Chemistry and • Text adapted from stories by George A. Bender Pharmacology available separately. $250 Item #423 Chemistry & Pharmacology tables SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS EACHBP Report 36·page Second Report of the Expert Advisory Committee Herb Safety Review: Kava (Piper EAPC Valerian Petition (appointed by the Canadian government) on Herbs and methysticum) European·American Phytomedicines Coalition Citizen Botanical Preparations. Includes I.L.#705 and I.L. #771. by Steven Dentali. 1997. Peer-reviewed ingredient safety Petition to Amend FDA's Monograph on Night·time Sleep· Deals primarily with safety concerns of medicinal plants. report provides objective information related to the safety aid Drug Products for Over-the-Counter (OT() Human Use $10.00.1tem #406 of kava when used as a dietary supplement, and includes to Include Valerian . 24·page petition staling the efficacy The Farnsworth Symposium pharmacology, toxicology, identified active constituents, and safety of valerian as a sleep aid and requesting its Progress on Terrestrial and Marine Natural Products of their mechanism of action, and known adverse effects, plus inclusion in the existing FDA monograph. 1994. $10. Medicinal and Biological Interest, in honor of the 60th botanical, historical, and ethnographical descriptions. Item #412 birthday of Professor Norman R. Farnsworth. Includes 19 $59.95.1tem #422 EAPC Petition scientific papers, and 21 abstracts. $29.00 Item #402 EAPC Ginger Petition The complete text of the European-American Pharmacy from the Rainforest European-American Phytomedicines Coalition Citizen Phytomedicines Coalition Petition to the USFDA. The Areview of the 1994 ABC/ACEER sponsored ecotour to Petition to Amend FDA's Monograph on Antiemetic Drug petition requests inclusion of European OTC the Peruvian Amazon . Includes: Varro Tyler's keynote Products for Over·the-Counter (OT() Human Use to Include Phytomedicines (herbal medicines) to the OTC Drug address, Kathy McKeown and ian Hunter's description of a Ginger. 31·page petition includes background, chemistry, Review as old drugs. $1 0.00. Item #404 Ribereiios medicinal garden, and Jay Hutchinson's toxicology, pharmacology, and efficacy of ginger with narration of the Amazonian trail of useful plants. Beautiful regard to motion sickness and nausea, and with proposed color photography. $2 .50. Item #409 changes to federal regulations. 1995. $1 O. ltem #413 Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form 10 Questions call512/926-4900; e-mail: [email protected] HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 American Botanical Council's English translation of 1he Complete Ge1 ~ • Guide No-w Shipping! plus shipping $165 ltem#8181 380 Monographs 190 Herbs and Fixed Combinations approved for therapeutic use 150 Indications Glossary of Anatomical, Botanical, Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Technical terms Common, Latin, Pharmacopeial, and German names Mark Blume nthal, Senior Ed ito r. Cross referenced Werner R. Busse, Al icia Goldberg, Joerg Gru enwal d, Taro Ha ll, Chance W. Riggins, RobertS. Rister, Associate Editors. Extensive General Index Sigri d Klein, Ph.D., Senior Translator, RobertS. Rister, Associate Translator. Extensive 65-page introduction NOW AVAILABLE $99 ON CD-ROM FOR ONLY plus shipping Item #C181 "They represent the most accurate info rmation available in the entire world on the safety and efficacy of herbs and phy romedicines. fu such, they are wo rthy of careful study by anyone interested in any type of drug therapy. Ignorance of the Commission E Monographs is ignorance of a substan tial segment of modern medicine." -Vtzrro E. Tjler, Ph.D. , Dean and Distinguished Professor ofPharmacognosy Emeritus, Purdue University HERBS FOR YOUR HEALTH AN ELDERS' HERBAL GENERAL HERBALS by Steven Foster. by David 1996. Designed tf'E~T' Hoffmann. os o quick 1993. 101 MEDICINAL HERBS: AN A BIBLICAL HERBAL THE GREEN PHARMACY reference guide Addresses the ILLUSTRATE DGUIDE by Blair Montague-Drake. by James A. Duke. 1997. A-Z en to the 50 most unique concerns by Steven Foster. 1998. Quick reference 1997. Throughout history tries that include more than 120 commonly used of people guide to the many of health herbs available in approaching herbs most the herbs conditions the U.S. os fifty years of often sold os dietary and spices and scores age and older, offe ring specific herbal dietary with supplements. remedies for conditions including of natural supplements biblical Profiles include common and botanical hypertension, insomnia, bronchitis, support connections remedies nome, brief history of traditional uses, varicose veins, and arthritis. Usts more natural health. hove that con summary of credible scientific reports, than 150 herbs by both common and Includes both played on replace or brief descriptions of conditions and Latin names, specifies which port of the modern important enhance symptoms the herb treats, forms in which plant to use, actions and indications, scientific role in the culinary, medicinal costly it is available in the U.S., actions, dosage, preparation methods, and information and and social development of pharmaceuticals. Up-to-dote infer· coutions or controindicotions, and recommended dosages. Softcover, the and traditions of the herbs, mankind. In this beautifully motion and traditional folk remedies photograph. Softcover, 121 pp. $9.95. 266 pp. $17.95. #B189 os well os common and botanical illustrated volume, the author in on authoritative, entertaining for· #B232 names, historical uses, health conditions tells the story of 84 of his AMODERN HERBAL HERBAL REMEDIES FOR mot. Hardcover, 507 pp. $29.95. DUMMIES by Christopher and herbal actions, forms of the herb favorite biblical herbs. 28 1 by Margaret Grieve. 1931. A typically available, dosages and Hardcover, 193 pp. $26. #B ENCYCLOPEDIA OF classic. Medicinal, culinary, Ho bbs. 1998. Precise instructions cautions. Softcover, 240 pp. $19.95. #8305 HERBAL MEDICINE cosmetic and economic properties, for which herbs to toke for what #B394 by Thomas Bartram. 1995. Includes cultivation and folklore of herbs, oils you, ...,...-__,,....-.,...., THE HONEST HERBAL how THE HERBAL HANDBOOK: by Varro E. Tyler. 1993. 4th edition. over 900 entries of general disease grosses, fungi, shrubs, and trees A USER'S GUIDE TO conditions with appropriate herbal with their scientific use as known much to Chapters on the complex lows and toke, MEDICAL HERBALISM regulations pertaining to the sole of treatment, 550 monographs of for the times. Softcover, 2 vol. by David Hoffmann. 1998. Includes a medicinal plants, therapeutic action and set, 902 pp. $19.90. #Bl39 and how herbs in the U.S. Covers over 1DO long to reference section commonly used herbs, provides botanical properties of herbs, of actions, herbal preparations toke information, them. prescriptions for folk uses, (tinctures, liquid specific illnesses, extracts, poultices, Not just discussions of for beginners, this book presents fundamentals of safety, and essential oils, etc.), growing, drying, and British legal a wealth of knowledge in on therapeutic interesting, eosy·to-use format. storing, and effectiveness. requirements. cooking with Hardcover, 47 4 pp. Softcover, 352 pp. $19.99. Hardcover, 44 2 #8375 herbs, os well os the making of infusions, pp. $49.95 $43.#8213 decoctions, oils, and ointments. 240 pp. #BOOS $14.95. #B343 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HERBS THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AND THEIR USES MEDICINAL PLANTS HERBAL EMISSARIES HOME HERBAL byAndrew Chevollier. by S. Foster and C. r.;:;::::::::::::;::== =:==3 by Penelope by Deni Bown. 1995. Published by 19 96. Profiles more Vue. 1992. Supplies Ody. 1995. A than 550 key specific techniques for practical family the Herb Society of America. More than medicinal plants, cultivating 44 guide to mok· systematically Chinese herbs and 1,500 photographs, ing herbal rem· token in herb collec· detailing their history, flowers in Western edies for com· cultivation, key gardens, providing lions all over the man ailments. world, combined constituents and scientific verification actions, research, of their effectiveness, Step by step in· with descriptions of structions, full over 1,000 species, varieties, hybrids, and and traditional and current uses. Shows how to os well as history, make different types of herbal preparations and taste and character, uses, dosage, color photographic index of 60 medicinal cultivars. Listed alphabetically by genus, con herbs, and information on growing indoors tains information on growth and harvest, culi· recommends safe, effective remedies for a wide warning, description, distribution, range of common health problems. Full-color harvesting, processing, additional species, and outdoors. Hardcover, 144 pp. nary, aromatic, medicinal, and economic uses. Hardcover, 424 pp. $39.95. #B156 illustrations throughout. Hardcover, 336 pp., and other uses. Softcover, 356 pp. $19.95. #B175 $39.95. #B250 $16.95. #Bl90 HERBS FOR HEALTH AND HEALING THE COMPLETE ILLUSTRATED POTTER'S NEW CYCLOPAEDIA THE COMPLETE MEDICINAL HERBAL by Kothi Keville. 1996. Herbal formulas for many OF BOTANICAL DRUGS AND by Penelope Ody, foreword by Mark HOLISTIC HERBAL health problems arranged by bodily systems, by David Hoffmann. 1996. Covers PREPARATIONS by R. C. Wren. 1988. A Blumenthal. 1993. Practical guide to the instructions on how to make preparations, discussion listing of 57 1 botanical healing properties of herbs. Historical uses, treatment of a wide range of complaints and of specific herbs for diseases, gathering herbs and preparing drugs including therapeutic uses, ports women's, men's, and ~ .. -:::::.~:t,:.,!= common nome, remedies, I!:NI-.;;IC'IIIII'I,... used, chemical children's health issues, Herb s ·-~ botanical nome, constituents, 250 alphabetical herbal herbal first aid, cautions featuring more than ....., ...... __., for family, synonyms, remedies, safety and considerations, habitat, desc ri ption, precautions. 120 color 200 herbs, and over oromotheropy, skin and 300 fulkolor Healtli port used, constituents, photos. Hardcover, hair core, and cooking ~::.':;;"c.. and medicinal use, and 192 pp. $29.95 pictures. Softcover, .,.....,...... ," with herbs. Hardcover, 256 pp. $24.95. H 1' regulatory status. #B039 374 pp. $27.95. e~Jl.lg Softcover, 362 pp. #B236 l(.;.j=Jt #B235 $28.50. #BOll Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form 12 Questions call512/926-4900; e-mail: [email protected] HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 IMMUNOMODULATORY WHAT AGENTS FROM PLANTS THE INDIVIDUAL TOPICS Ed. by Hildebert Wagner. 1999. LABELS Survey describing medical drugs of WON'T MEDICINAL HERBS BIODIVERSITY plant origin which hove proven to be TELL YOU IN THE GARDEN, AND HUMAN effective os immunostimulonts. by Logon FIELD, AND HEALTH Provides information on the Chamber· MARKETPLACE Ed. by Francesco physiological mechanisms of action loin . 1998. by Lee Sturdivant and Tim Grifo ond Joshua and range of application of Provides the Blakley. 1999. Complete Rosenthal. 1997. phytopreporotions capable of inducing immunostimulotory information needed to intelligently details on growing, hor· Brings together ex· effects when administered prophylactically or therapeutically. decode the labels on herbal supple- vesting, ond marketing. perts from the Drown from basic research os well os practical ond clinical menls. Includes information on Includes best techniques fields of public health, biology, epidem~ experience gained after administration of preparations such os standardization, cautions, re for propagation, cultivation, drying, processing, ology, botany, ecology, demography, echinoceo medications, lentinon and mistletoe lectin. sources, using tonic herbs and on~ plus regulations, herb safety, stondordizotion, ond pharmacology in a discussion of the Hardcover, 365 pp. $160.00. #8397 oxidants, ond herbs for men ond marketing aids, company surveys, ond help global environment and biomedicine that women. Softcover, 120 pp. from growers, practitioners, producers, and wild explores the humon health consequences BROTHER CADFAEL'S $9.95. #8368 HERB GARDEN crofters. Softcover, 323 pp. $24.95. #B352 of the loss of biological diversity. Softcover, 379 pp. $29.95 #B349 by Rob Talbot ond Robin RESTORING THE EARTH Whiteman. 1997. Beautifully by Kenny Ausubel. 1997. There is a growing MEDICINAL PLANTS: CAN UTILIZA· DRUGS OF NATURAL ORIGIN illustrated recreation of the movement of "bioneers," biological pioneers liON AND CONSERVATION by Anthony Artuso. 1997. Gives o de garden of Ellis Peters' famous who ore using nature to heal nature and work· COEXIST? by J. Sheldon, M. Bolick, and toiled model of the fictional mon k/herbalist/ ing with individuals, S. Laird. 1997. Examines the cases of sev value of wild biolog ~ sleuth. Discusses oil the communities, busi· eral plant species valued in traditional and col resources for plants mentioned in The Brother Cadfael Chronicles, and nesses, and govern contemporary medicine, ond the ramifico pharmaceutical re explains their uses in medieval times, os well as trueing o ments to implement real tions of their over-harvesting. Explores the search and develoJr year in Codfoel's life os o healer. 144 color illustrations. change. Offering procti· import of discovery ond utilization of these ment. Presenls sev Hardcover, 200 pp. $29.95. #G007 col solutions for vir· ond other medicinal eral decision models PLANTS OF LOVE tuolly all our critical plonls by the herbal and analytical tech by Christian Riitsch. 1990. environmental prob ond pharmaceutical in· niques that con be used to assess the Detailed, beoutifully-illus· lems, the working dustries, ond makes economics of biochemical prospecting troted listing of more than models in this book hold keys to planetary efforts whether you're port of a private survival that con be refined, replicated ond recommendations for corporation, nonprofit research institute, 100 plants gives full informo using these resources tion on their specific ophrod~ rapidly spread around the world . Softcover, developing country government, or in· siocol properties, plus dozens 272 pp. $12 .95. #B364 wisely. Softcover, 104 ternotionol organization. Softcover, of oge-old recipes for bever· pp. $14.50. #B289 201 pp. $24.95. #B304 oges, ointments, pills, incenses, and snuffs. STRESS AND DIETARY 1997 IUCN RED LIST OF Softcover, 205 pp. $19.95.#8321 NATURAL HEALING SUPPUMENT THREATENED PLANTS by Christopher Hobbs. HEALTH AND PASSION FLOWERS by John Vonderplonk. 1996. 1997. Addresses the Ed. by Kerry Wolter and Harriet EDUCATION ACT: A Gillett. 1998. 2nd edition. The most comprehensive and beautifully workings of the nervous LEGISLATIVE illustrated guide to this spectacular genus ever published. Over 12.5% system, the woys !hot HISTORY AND of the world's Documents over 150 species, stress affects it, ond the ANALYSIS including important changes to vascular flora potential health prob by I. Scott Boss ond is threatened the taxonomy, sections on Anthony Young. 1996. In-depth discussion cultivation and hybridization, on lems that con result. Natural ways to promote on a global relaxation by using proven dietary ond herbal of the FDA's enforcement ond regulatory scale, 91 %of identification key, more than activities from 1938 to 1994 regarding 100 leaf drawings, and 120 programs, os well os visualization, conscious which exist in breathing, meditation, ond exercise, ore ex· vitamins, minerals, ond dietary on~ one country. The result of years color photographs. Hardcover, supplements; consumer demand for 224 pp. $40. #B249 plored. Softcover, 240 pp. $16.95 . #B287 of doto collection by researchers legislative change; and the subsequent throughout the world resulted in this ?:.~- HEALING ANXIETY WITH THE SCIENCE passage of OSHEA. Includes complete text milestone report delineating exocriy G HERBS AND ROMANCE of OSHEA and bills preceding it. Softcover, what those plants ore. Softcover, HEAUN by Harold Bloomfield. 1998. Explains OF SELECTED 319 pp. $99. #B220 862 pp. $45. #B382 ANXIETY anxiety ond the many forms it tokes, HERBS USED IN BOTANICA with HERBS herbal remedies ond exercises for MEDICINE AND -----· anxiety ond depression, ond o RELIGIOUS EROTICA: . ""':".::::.::=.... method for evaluating your own level CEREMONY AROUSING EFFICACY, ...... ~~.-...... of anxiety. 344 pp. $23. #B344 by Anthony Andoh . BODY, QUALITY 1987. Scientific MIND, ASSURANCE BOTANICAL SAFETY HANDBOOK: GUIDELINES FOR classification of mony of the plants SPIRIT AND SAFE USE AND LABELING FOR HERBS IN COMMERCE used throughout the world for their by Diona De REGULATION Ed. by M. McGuffin, C. Hobbs, R. Upton, ond A. Goldberg. 1997. Pro medicinal value or their religious and Luco. 1998. More than o list of Ed. by D. Eskinozi, M. Blumenthal, N. vides safety doto on more thon 550 herbs os spiritual significance, including the ophrodisiocs, this beautifully Farnsworth, ond C. Riggins. 1999. guidelines for product labels, including herbs used in Santeria religious illustrated book explores the foods, Articles by experts in botany, controindicotions, side effects, and special worn· ceremony. Provides centers of herbs, and behaviors aimed at the pharmacology, medicine and low ings. Eoch herb is dossed os con be safely con· diversity, common ond vernacular sensual side of one's life. Includes address what botanicals ore, how they sumed when used appropriately, herbs with the names, somatic chromosome numbers recipes for the internal as well as work, safety, quality, and the effect foll owing restrictions, for external use only, or ond genome constitution, description, external stimulation. Not for the regulation of botanicals has on the not to be used during pregnancy. Hardcover, lore, legend ond romance. Softcover, prudish or faint of heart. Hardcover, marketplace ond the cost of health 256 pp. $39.95. #B275 324 pp. $19.95 . #8208 130 pp. $25. #837 6 core. Softcover, 222 pp. $69. #B391 Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form Questions call512/926-4900; e-mail: [email protected] 13 HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 SPECIFIC HERBS GUARANA SAW PALMETTO by Michael von Stroten. by Christopher Hobbs and Stephen THE PEPPER LADY'SPOCKET 1994. Explores the health Brown . 1997. Ouriines natural PEPPER PRIMER benefits of this herb that remedies and habits that con help by Jean Andrews. 1998. Detailed description of 42 has been used by the men keep their prostate gla nd commonly available peppers, including size, color, natives of the Amazon healthy into old age and prevent fruit shape, flesh, and pungency, common names, River basin since the prostate enlargement. Reviews sources, uses, and substitutes. Significance of color, ___ beginning of time. Also current research and the medical aroma, flavor, and nutrition. Color photographs. covers lopocho, Ploffio, treatments available. 96 pp. $9.95 . Softcover, 184 pp. $17 .95. #B369 Cotuobo, and Stevio . 152 pp. $9.95. #B342 #B341 ST. JOHN'S ST. JOHN'S BEAT PERILLA WORT: THE MOOD WORT: Ed . by H. Yu, K. Kosuno, DEPREssioN wiTH Beat ENHANCING HERB NATURE'S BLUES and M. Hog a. 1997. In ST. JOHN 'S WORT Depression by Christopher Hobbs. 1\llh BUSTER cludes articles describing by Steven Brotman. 1997. Presents the ex by Hylo Coss. Ex the cultivation, tradi 1997. Easily readable yet St. John's citing research and clini plains what depres tional and modern appli solidly researched, and Wort cal experience that sub sion is, possi ble ben cations, and the chemi based on the experiences stantiates the use of St. efits that St. John 's cal, pharmacologi cal, of his patients as well as John 's wort for easing wort con offer, information on its use, in medical and clinical studies of this plant and the results of clinical studies worldwide, Or. depression and anxiety and deepening sleep. cluding its combination with other herbs. Re its active com pounds. The cell cultu re of Pe Brotman explains what St. John's Wort is and Also discusses natural programs to help re views the studies done on the plant os well rilla, the genetic control of the plant, and the how it works, its record of success without don· duce stress, examines other time-honored os facts on synthetic antidepressants. Dis isolation and structural elucidation of o number mood-enhancing herbs, and provides re cusses St. John 's wort's nutritional cofoctors of its active compounds such as terpenoids, gerous side effects, how to determine if it may sources for ordering herbs and herbal prod be effective for you, and where to buy it and and makes lifestyle recommendations con phenolics, glycosides, flovonoids and ontho ucts. Softcover, 176 pp. $12 .95. #B310 cerning diet, exe rcise, and stress reduction . what to look fo r on the label. Softcover, cyo nins ore discussed. Hardcover, 191 pp. Softcover, 192 pp. $9.95. #B318 $89.#B308 212 pp. $12. #B299 GARLIC, THE VALERIAN SCIENCE AND THE HEALING THE GARLIC BOOK: Ed. by Peter THERAPEUTIC POWER OF NATURE'S Houghton. 1997. A APPLICATION Of GARLIC POWERFUL comprehensive ond ALLIUM SA TIVUM L. by Paul Bergner. HEALER contemporary over· AND RELATED SPECIES 1996. Explains by Stephen Fulder. view that in· Ed. by Heinrich Koch and lorry the historical and 1996. How heart dis eludes ethno lawson . 1996. The most com co nte mporary ease occurs, howgarlic botony, chem· plete scientific work on garlic uses of garlic, is beneficial in prevent istry, phormocol· and garlic supplements. History, how modern ing and treating it by ogy, therapeutics, cultivation, analysis, and chemistry, composition, analytical methods, science understands garlic to work os o lowering cholesterol and blood pressure and commercial aspects of the genus Valeriano. and scientific review of cardiovascular, anticancer, medicine, and how to make and use thinning the blood, and how to include it in Hardcover, 142 pp. $75. #B307 antimicrobial, and other effects; comprehensive more than 30 different medicinal garlic your diet. Incl udes historical use, garlic's other tables; 2580 references. Softcover, 329 pp . preparations. Softcover, 289 pp. actions, and products and preparations. PAU D'ARCO: IMMUNE POWER $34.95 .(Sole Price $30. ) #B159 $15.95 . #B212 Softcover, 139 pp. $8.95 #B269 FROM THE RAIN FOREST THE GINGER: HYPERICUM by Kenneth Jones. GINGER BOOK: COMMON SPICE AND DEPRESSION 1995. Describes the THE ULTIMATE AND WONDER by H. Bloomfield, M. different varieties and its HOME REMEDY DRUG Nordfors and P. application in South by Stephen Fulder. by Paul Schulick. McWilliams. 1996. Re American folk medicine. 1996. Covers the lot 1996. Comprehensive ports on rece nt medical re Directions for est scientific findings review supported by search that could change preparation and dosage as well as the rich hundreds of scientific the way depression is os teas and extracts. Reviews and folklore and history of references that links treated in America . Explains what depression is, summarizes scientific literature. Softcover,160 ginger. Includes effects on bodily systems, the claims of the ancient herbals to the extensive how to know if one is depressed, the medical ef pp. $8.95 .#B120 chemistry, ginger products and preparations, findings of international scientific research. fects of hypericum on depression (with summa and recipes. Softcover, 147 pp. $8.95 Softcover, 165 pp. $9.95. #8233 ries of selected medical studies), and where to CAl'SCLAW : HEALI NG VINE OF PERU #8267 find research-grade hypericum. Softcover, by Kenneth Jones. 1995. History of o powerful NEEM, A TREE FOR SOLVING KAVA: MEDICINE HUNTING IN PARADISE 203 pp. $7.95 #B263 medicinal vine and the researchers who hove pioneered GLOBAL PROBLEMS 80STIO. 1992. by Chris Kilhom . 1996. Ajou rney thro ugh the mystical legends, ouriondish history, and exciting KAVA· THE PACIFIC ELIXIR its use. Utilized for centuries by Ashoninko Indians in Medicinal uses, chemical constituents, by Vincent lebot, Mark Merlin and lamont Peru to control inflammations, gastric ulcers, arthritis, growing and propagation, habitats, science surrounding kovo. With othorough analysis of kava research and lindstrom. 1992. rheumatism, cancer, and as o insecticidal use, Research on botany, contraceptive, cot's dow is now cultural use, safety information on where to find the best kava, o must chemistry, ethno the subject of clinical research in tests, botony, pharmacology, Europe aimed at new treatments read for those interested in reforestation, and social usage, distrib for AIDS, cancer, herpes, industrial products. adventure, plant medicines, or the cultures of Oceania. ution, and economic rheumatoid arthritis, and Softcover, 141 pp. potential. B/W photos, diseases in animals. Softcover. $23.#8098 Softcover. 166 pp. $12.95 . #B202 illus. Softcover, 255 pp. 152 pp. $9.95 . #B201 $19.95. #B032 Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form 14 Questions call512/926-4900; e-mail: [email protected] HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 CHEMISTRY AND ECHINACEA: NATURE'S APPLICATION OF IMMUNE ENHANCER SPECIFIC HERBS GREEN TEA by Steven Foster. 1991. Ed. by T. Yamamoto, L. Chronicles the history of THE HEALING POWER OF ECHINACEA AND Junejo, H. Hotto, and M. echinoceo, from its Kim. 1997. The latest GOLDENSEAL controversial medical history to by Paul Bergner. 1997. lllilepth discussion of information on the the extensive research chemistry, metabolism, and echinoceo and goldenseal os well os o detailed list of conducted on it in Germany, herbal remedies for specific illnesses, information on other aspects of teo providing the most polyphenols and their applications. Explores the many proper dosages, ond o glossary of immune system comprehensive information on the subject available to terminology. 320 pp. $15. #8345 useful properties of green teo that hove been the layperson. 1SO pp. $8.95. #B346 scientifically investigated, such os inhibition of tooth KAVA: NATURE'S 1-----'=="------~ decoy, effects on chemoprevention of colon cancer and CAPSAICIN ANSWER TO intestinal microflora, and antioxidant and deodorant IN THE CAFFEINE Ed . by Gene STRESS, properties. Hardcover, 250 pp. S125 #B27 6 STUDY OF ANXIETY, AND PAIN Spiller. 199 8. This compre INSOMNIA THE GREEN TEA BOOK Ed. by John by Hylo Cuss and by Lester Mitscher and Victoria Dolby. Wood . 1993. hensive text gathers in o Terrence McN ol~. 1998. Explores the history, research, Recent progress 1998. The best new and benefits green teo offers - its use in under- single volume iniJepth infor book on Kovo os o os on antioxidant in the prevention of standing the unique new herbal remedy for stress, cancer, heart disease, and stroke; its mechanism and mation on com position, processing, consumption, anxiety, and insomnia. Covers when ond how ability to promote longevity; its use os site of action of capsaicin, its significance to use it, research and clinical evidence of its o digestive aid; its many benefits to in the study of pain and development of health effects, and epidemiological cor relations for the methyl xonthine bever actions and effectiveness, how it compares women's health; and its role in fi ghting novel analgesic and onti-inflommotory fovorabl ywith prescription medications, os cavities and gingivitis. Softcover, 186 pp. $9.95. #B323 drugs. Hardcover. 286 pp. $82. #B1 04 ages and foods. Hardcover, 37 4 pp. $110. #8316 well os extensive references ond resources. Softcover, 274 pp. $21.95.#8371 GINKGO BILOBA ADAPTIVE EFFECTS GIM.,I!O GINKGO: EXTRACT (EGB 761): OF GINKGO 1\\J A PRACTICAL TRADE IN PRUNUS LESSONS BILOBA EXTRACT A P~ c;~ GUIDE AFRICANA AND THE FROM CELL BIOLOGY (EGB 761) ::,:;',:,;::;.:, by Georges Halpern. IMPLEMENTATION OF CITES Ed. by L. Packer andY. Ed. by V. Papadopoulos, -=== 1998. History, cultlvo· by M. Cunningham, A. B. Christen. 1998. Lectures K. Drieu, ond Y. lion, its many benefi- Cunningham presented ot on Christen. 1997 . dol effects on the and U. internotionol symposium in Lectures presented ot body, the lotest re- Schippmonn. France on September 16- on international search, and case studies of people who hove 1997. 17, 1997, concerning new molecular and cellular symposium in France on October 25-26, 1996, been helped by ginkgo. Forms that ore ovoil- Summarizes doto on Ginkgo and the first evidence of the concerning pharmacological experiments and clinical able, where you con find it, howyou con oil ovoiloble effects of EGb 76 1 on gene expression. Softcover, trials on the adoptive effects of EGb 761 , including choose among the available products, how information on 174 pp. $94. some extreme situations (ot high altitude and ot much you should toke, and how you should •---·--- the extraction, #83818 Chernobyi) . Softcover, 151 pp. $88. #B381A toke it. Softcover, 172 pp. $9.95. #83 17 ca 111 aciJoio ~ c;;n~cco biloba and trade in this medicinal plant eoctnlct(ECb)'fi•) GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT (EGb 761 ): FROM CHEMISTRY TO THE CLINIC by Francis DeFeudis. 1998. Analysis of species ond aims ot helping --··- the available scientific information concerning the pharmacological and therapeutic actions of EGb 761. Covers its vosoregulotory customs officials to identify the action, neu rosensory disturbances and peripheral occlusive arterial disease, cognition-enhancing action which relates to its use in commodities intrade and to treating Alzheimer's disease and various dementios, stressilllevioting action which explains it onxiolytidike/ ontidepressive-jike improve the implementation of effects, and o gene-regulating action which provides o basis for explaining why most of the clinically beneficial effects of the extract CITES for this species. 52 pp. $12. ~----...... ;;;;liD'-' require repeated administration. Softcover, 401 pp, $25. #8378 #8333 .------. EVE'S HERBS: A HISTORY WOMAN'S BOOK OF 1 WOMEN'S TOPICS \ \.omc\ " 's HERBS ~VE' HERBS OF CONTRACEPTION AND [).,.,\, t \\,-,.bs by Deb Soule. 1995. ABORTION IN THE WEST HERBAL HEALING FOR WOMEN by WOMEN'S by John Riddle. 1997. Answers ~· Designed especially for Rosemary Glodstor. 1993. Common disor HERBS, the question: If women once ..',"~ ~:: :\','';.':::~ :.: women of oil ages, and ders and the herbs that ore effective for WOMEN'S hod access to effective means of written from the author's treating them, how to select ond store HEALTH by Chris birth control, why was this personal perspective os on topher Hobbs and knowledge lost to them in I\ b --. .• • ~~~~~ herbs, preparation 1 herbalist and feminist, r'l: of hundreds of Kothi Keville. modern times? 341 pp. L.-...... :.:.=....:::..""--....J provides herbal remedies II E 11 1111. herbal remedies 1998. Discusses passed down over the years in the form $39.95.#8328 \\£. \ l.J 'r.· (including Ieos, today' s major of tinctures, tonics, and teas for o Iorge THE COMPLETE WOMAN'S \Hl\1 E\ tinctures, solves, women's health is HERBAL variety of women's health concerns. ond ointments), sues in on understandable yet compre Simple and practical herbal guidelines liJL-.;.::;:.:.::.---.11'111 by Anne Mcintyre. 1994. Sole, simple, ond on olphobeti- hensive way. Asourcebook of know~ ond effective herbal remedies; practical along with on extensive resources edge about how the body works, in section ma ke this on invaluable asset IIIJ!Il!!i!!!~-IJ col listing of advice on stress management, first oid, I! herbs, including o medical terms os well os in the view of for anyone interested in the historical ond health. Adictionary of herbs and brief description of the herb, the general traditional medicine. Herbal remedies en and current use of herbs for women's ailments; fulkolor illustrations; medicinal usage, and when necessary, hanced by modern viewpoints, physio~ health issues. Softcover. 306 pp. directory of herb suppliers; and o glossary of terms. Softcover, warnings about potential side effects. ogy, ond plant chemistry. Softcover, 287 pp. $25.#8144 $14.95. #8246 Softcover, 303 pp. $12. #8257 240 pp. $16.95. #8367 ----, Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form Questions call512/926-4900; e-mail: custserv @herbalgram.org 15 HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 HISTORY ~~-~~~~ GREEN PHARMACY PROSPECTING by Barbaro Griggs. 1991. FOR DRUGS IN 2nd edition. Afascinating ANCIENT AND account of the ideas, MEDIEVAL personalities, advances, EUROPEAN and vicissitudes that hove TEXTS: shaped the course of A SCIENTIFIC _ ...... _...,.. herbal medicine and APPROACH pharmacy. Focuses with condor and clarity on Ed. by Bart Holland. 1996. Provides the professional, economic, and social forces guidance for the pharmaceutical researcher that hove periodically consigned herbal interested in the ancient lore of medicinal medicine to near oblivion, and presents a plants as a source of candidate compounds strong case for the cyclical emergence of for investigation. 105 pp. $65. #8327 alternative medicine at limes when allopathic OF PEOPLE AND HERBS AGAINST methods of treatment hove lost FOREST PLANTS CANCER: HISTORY their safety and efficacy. PHARMACY: by Maurice Messegue. AND 379 pp. $19.95. MEDICINAL PLANTS 1991. Acombination of CONTROVERSY #B187 IN AMERICAN colorful anecdotes from the ~• ...,., ,.. by Rolph Moss. 1998 .. FLORA BRITANNICA BOOK FORESTS life of France's most -...... Not meant as a guide OF WILD HERBS by Steven Foster. 1995. renowned herbalist. for cancer patients on how to treat by Richard Mabey. 1998. Derived Discusses historical and Detailed information about themselves with herbs, this book is a from on of the most important ~=== continued use of the use of specific plants in treating a wide historical and critical analysis of herbs used books on Britain's wild plants America's forest plants os powerful sources of variety of ailments. Comprehensive appendices in cancer treatment. Welhesearched and published this century. Includes nearly 100 species, medicine. Ou~ines early Native American use describe preparations and provide referenced, the author offers on honest and with section on wild foods and kitchen medicines. Col or and declines in research and Americans' recommendations for use of plants for optimal objective discussion of o compelling topic. photos throughout. Hardcover, 144 pp. $1 7.95. resurgent interest in medicinal plants. Color health. Softcover, 328 pp. $12.95. #B288 Softcover, 300 pp. $16.95 . #837 4 #8385 photos. Softcover, 64 pp. $6.95. #8103 KING'S FIELD GUI'DES ECLECTIC AMERICAN JOHN URI LLOYD: DISPENSATORY HERBS by Leslie ...... •.... A THE GREAT by H. W. Felter, Bremness. 1994. HANDBOOK AMERICAN M.D. and J. U. More than 1500 OF EDIBLE ECLECTIC Uoyd, Ph.D. Two fulkolor illustrations WEEDS WILD ROOTS by Michael Flannery. volume set. of over 700 species by James A. By Doug Elliott. 1995. 1998. The first ful~ 1898. The most complete text ever from around the Duke. 1992. Aforager's guide to the length biography of compiled on American medicinal plants and world make this one Contains 100 ..__ __...J edible and medicinal the man generally ac herbal pharmacy. 2,172 pages of medicinal of the most comprehensive guides to plants with a detailed description, roots, tubers, corms, and cepted as one of properties and clinical administration of herbs available. Combines a concise ports used, habitat, region, safety rhizomes of North America's most influ hundreds of medicinal plants in detail. description with annotated photographs precautions, historical use, current America . 69 roots listed, ential pharmaceutical pioneers. Phytochemical Hardcover, 2,229 pp. $285. #B022 to highlight the herb's distinguishing use, and illustration of each plant. ou~ining botanical, fam researcher, pharmaceutical manufacturer, features and chief uses. Softcover, 303 Hardcover, 246 pp. $59.95 ily, and common names, pp. $18.95. #B207 #B024 teacher, author, library founder, and leader THE habitat, line drawing, among phomnocists and eclectics, his story is and edible and medicinal AMERICAN ,!~ FIELD GUIDE TO EDIBLE uses. 128 pp, Softcover, one of failure and success, of professional myo MATERIA I~ EASTERN/CENTRAL WILD pia and scientific vision. Hardcover, 234 pp. MEDICA MEDICINAL PLANTS PLANTS: $14.95. #B173 $34.95. #B361 by Finley by Steven Foster and A NORTH SPECIFICDIAGNOSIS Ellingwood, James Duke. 1990. AMERICAN FIELD GUIDE SPECIFIC by John M. Scudder. 1994. M.D. 1994. Pocket size guide by Thomas Elias and Peter Dykeman. DIAGNOSIS First published in 187 4. "Dr. First published in 1919. Botanical ~~~ identi~ing 500 1990. Comprehensive, precise, and by John M. Scudder maintained that therapeutic agents ore discussed and medicinal plants, their uses, remedies, filled with drawings, mops, and nearly 400 photographs, this Scudder there was a definitive compared in groups under headings line drawings, over 200 color photos. is a superior guide to identi~ing, harvesting, and preparing relationship between known that classify them by their action. In From the Peterson Field Guide Series®. over 200 healthful plants from the wild. Softcover, 286 pp. drug action and known addition, five follhlut charts provide a Hardcover, 366 pp. $26 $16.95. #8240 96 conditions of disease as manifested by quick and in-depth comparative glance #B0 FIELD GUIDE TO FIELD GUIDE TO symptoms, and upon this theory based his jusriy of the most commonly used herbs for MEDICINAL WILD PLANTS EDIBLE WILD PLANTS named book." -editor of the Gleaner, 1875. fever, heart, digestive, liver, and fema le by Bradford Angier. 1978. From by Bradford Angier. 1974. Hardcover, 387 pp. reproductive organ problems. Amaranth to Yucca, the family, Full-wlor illustrations, $48.#8085 Hardcover, 564 pp. $98. #8084 common, and Latin names, history, family, common and latin THE KlKTK MAnRIA MEDKA, distinguishing characteristics, area names, description, THE ECLECTIC MATERIA MEDICA, PHARMACOLOGY grown, and medical uses of 108 distribution, and edibility PIIWIACOI.OGY AND AND THERAPEUTICS THWPEUTKS wild medicinals which ore individually GIFT SET IN SLICPCASE guidelines on 100 wild food by Harvey W. Felter, M.D. 1994. First published in 1922. This illustrated in full color for easy Keep them together on your plants across the United Stoles lty work prescribes on the basis of the symptoms that the agent lhrley W. flit•, M.D. identification. Softcover, 320 pp. she~ or use them os o handy and Conodo. Softcover, 255 pp. would either cure or palliate. Hardcover, 764 pp. $95. #B082 $18.95 . #8209 carrying case $34.95 #GODS $16.95. #8210 Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form 16 Questions call512/926-4900; e-mail: [email protected] HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 PHYTOMEDICINES OF MEDICINAL EUROPE: CHEMISTRY AND JURAL PRODUCTS: TECHNICAL WORKS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY A BIOSYNTHETIC Ed . by Lorry APPROACH HPLC AND CE: A PRACTICAL Lawson ond Rudo~ by Paul Dewick. 1997. Bauer. 1998. Building on fundamental PRINCIPLES GUIDE TO HPLC Articles on the chemical principles and AND PRACTICE DETECTION by Andrea Weston status of herbs in demonstroftng o unique in Ed. by Donald and Phyllis Brown. the United Stoles, tegrafton of plant, microbial Parriott. 1993. A Europe, the and animal natural products, the author guides 1997. The latest guide for the Commission E the reader through o wealth of diverse natural informafton on the practicing Monographs, and metabolites used in medicine. Sources, produc most powerful chromotogropher regulatory fton methods, use as drugs and modes of action seporafion that explores and concerns; diseases and how they might be ore all covered, together with semi-syntheftc de techniques compares existing detection systems, ouriines affected by a variety of plants; and reviews rivaftves and syntheftc analogues developed from available. Includes fundamental theory, the common problems associated with o of the biological activity and chemistry of natural product templates. Softcover, 466 pp. instrumentation, modes of operation, given detector, and offers proven approaches 12 popular herbs. 324 pp. $115. #B329 $72.95. #B324 and opfimizofion of separations. to avoiding such problems. 293 pp. $71 . 280 pp. $69.95. #B331 #8332 THE MEDICINAL A DICTIONARY OF PLANT NATURAL PHENOLIC 1'1' ;:::::=:=::::~ PHENOLIC COM· INDUSTRY PRODUCTS COMPOUNDS ~:~PNoC:.~~~ POUNDS IN ~:~:oC:.~~~ IN FOOD AND IN FOOD AND FOOD AND IN FOOD AND by R. Wijesekera . by George Hocking. 199l.Addresses o 1997 . Subftried THEIR EFFECTS ~H~·~:!~~~u1 THEIR EFFECTS ~H~·:.";~;~ · ~·~ wide variety of topics "Terms in the Field of ON HEALTH, --:~- ON HEALTH, ~~~ ...... ,. including the old · Pharmacognosy Relat VOLUME 1 V 1 PHARMACOPEIA$ MARTINDALE: HERBAL MEDICINES: THE COMPLETE AGUIDE FOR HEALTH-CARE HERBAL DRUGS AND DRUG REFERENCE PROFESSIONALS PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS 32ND EDITION by C. Newall, L. Anderson andJ. Ed. by Max Wich~. translated by Ed. by James Reynolds. 1999. First Phillipson. 1996. Covers 141 herbs Norman Bisset. 1994. References, published in 1883. 5,132 monographs commonly present in herbal remedies pharmocopeiol monographs, sources, organized by uses and actions. Contains a sold by pharmacies in the UK, providing synonyms, constituent indications, side- list of countries where monographed botanical names, synonyms, ports used, . effe~ . preparation ~f. teo, herbs ore currenfly official. Usts toxicity of numerous pharmocopeiol monograph listing, legal commerCially ovmloble ph.yto~ediC~nes, . . . international drugs. Includes osection describing 46,000 category, constituents, food use, herbal use, dose, regulatory status, outhe.nticotlo~ ustng mocrosc~piC, mtcroscoptc, proprietary medicines from 14 countries, the active ingredients, a pharmacological actions, side effects and toxicity, contraindicotions and chromatographiC techmques. 181 detmled monographs. summary of information and much more. Indexed full cross and warnings, pharmaceutical comment, and references. Also Color prints of the dried port and whole plant in natural habitat. reference. Hardcover, 2,363 pp. $32S. #B065 appendixes by interactions, ingredients, and actions of ingredients. Hardcover, 568 pp. $199.95. #B080 BRITISH HERBAL Hardcover, 296 pp. $59.95 #8198 BRITISH HERBAL PHARMACOPOEIA PHYTOTHERAPY IN PAEDIATRICS COMPENDIUM by the British Herbal Medicine Ed. by Peter Bradley. 1992. Association. 1996. Now with 169 by Heinz Schilcher. 1997. As only some of the Monographs on plant drug monographs on definition, many diseases of infants and young children con constituents and therapeutics with description, identification and be treated by phytotheropy, this book is intended chemical scientific literature and standards for plant materials as on addition to synthetic drug therapy rather excerpts from available regulatory common~ used in herbal products than os an alternative. Includes 14 indications for guidelines of European countries. on the market today. Hardcover, external applications and 30 for internal use. Hardcover, 239 pp. $90. #8017 212 pp. $90. #8018 Softcover, 181 pp. $35. #8279 PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHARMACOGNOSY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, PHARMACOBIOTECHNOLOGY MEDICINAL PLANTS by Jean Bruneton. 1995. Orga PHARMACOGNOSY by Robbers, Speedie, Tyler. 1996. USt ext nized in four ports (p rimary meta bo lites, phenols, terpe TREASE & EVANS' DRUGS OF NATURAL ORIGIN: on natural product nes and steroids, and alka loids) . Phytochemical gener PHARMACOGNOSY ATEXTBOOK OF PHARMACOGNOSY drugs, arranged alities, distribution, biosynthesis, extraction and by W. C. Evans. 14th Edition, 1989. by Gunnar Somuelsson 1992. Describes the mainly by quantitotion methods, and b i olog~ Standard text in Great Britain. Amust for origin of natural drug biosynthetic and cal properties. Origin, identity, the research library compounds, their chemical production, composition, uses, and quality chemistry and relationships, processing, and optimization for assurance lobs biochemistry, os well os including each row material. Therapeutical of herb and dietary their employment in biotechnology indicotion and recommended supplement companies medicine. Arranged derived pharmoceuticols, o comprehensive usage specified for each worldwide. Hardcover, according to biosynthetic treatment of antibiotics, and important product. Hardcover, 915 832 pp. $83. principles. Hardcover, herbal drugs in current use. Hardcover, pp. $196.50. #8149 #8015 320 pp. $59. #B093 337 pp. $43.95. #BOOB 2 0 NON-TIMBER ~oor•...... , AMAZONIA I RAINFORESTS PRODUCTS FROM -·~~- TROPICAL FORESTS A FIELD GUIDE TO THE HEALING AMAZONIAN Ed. by Daniel Nepstod ond MEDICINAL AND """""''""""'""'"'"" FOREST ETHNO Stephan Schwartzman. 1992. USEFUL PLANTS OF by Richard E. BOTANICAL Volume 9 of the Advances in THE UPPER AMA Schultes ond DICTIONARY Economic Betony series sulr ZON by J. l. Costner, S. Robert F. Roffouf. by James Duke tiried Evoluotion of o Conserva l. Timme ond J. A. Duke. 1990. field ond Rodolpho tion ond Development Strot· 1998. Practical guide to research spanning Vasquez. 1994. egy. Contains 14 popers covering the biological ond approximately 100 of the o ho~-century in An excellent political context, social ond economic context in most important ond repre the Northwest Amazon. Over 1,600 resource book on the weolth of 1 Amazonia ond in Africa ond Asia, barriers to ond strot· sentative plants of the region. Includes o fosci· species listed. The modern classic on in the Amazon. lists uses ond common egies for expending non-timber forest product extroc· noting discussion ond beautiful color photos of Amazonian ethnobotany. B/W photos, illus., names of hundreds of plants. lllus., lion. Softcover, 164 pp. $18.95 . #B274 each plont. Softcover, 151 pp. $35. #B358 Hardcover, 486 pp. $69.95 . #B002. Softcover, 215 pp. $55. #BOll . LA DOCTORA THE INDIAN MEDICINAL by Linnea Smith. 1999. Arare glimpse INDIA MATERIA PLANTS OF into the suspense ond drama of MEDICINAL MEDICA INDIA practicing allopathic medicine in the for reaches of the Amazon rainforest. Learn PLANTS OF by Or. Kim by S. K. Join ond Nodkorni. Two Robert Defilipps. how Dr. Linnea Smith left her thriving KASHMIR AND medical practice in Wisconsin to tend LADAKH volumes. 1993. 2 vol. set. This updated 1991. Surveys the Yogua Indians of Peru; on inspiring by M. K. Kaul. 1997. testimony to one person's power to Comprehensive classic, known the medicinal os the Ayurvedic Bible, contains plant resources of Indio (including make o lasting difference. Softcover, 238 pp. S14.95. #B380 information on 111 about 2,000 herbs by botanical Nogolond) ond Sikkim, covering 860 selected medicinal nome, common Indian nome in species, ond listing plants used in plants occurring in the temperate ond cold arid seven languages (including Western, Unoni, ond Ayurvedic THE PACIFIC regions of the Himalayas. Includes o chapter on English), hobitot, ports used, medicines. Includes medicinal common traditional knowledge of healing properties in varieties, action, ond common names, botanical indexes, bibliography, BEYOND SLASH AND BURN: 291 plants used ethnomedicinally. 69 color historical uses. Hardcover, ond 133 fulliJoge illustrations. BUILDING ON INDIGENOUS photos. Hardcover, 173 pp. $40. #B290 2,286 pp. $100. #B070 Hardcover, 848 pp. $94.95 Set. #B121 MANAGEMENT OF BORNEO'S TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS MAORI TONGAN A HAWAIIAN by Carol Co~er with Nancy Peluso ond Chin See FLORILEGIUM: HEALING HERBAL Chung. 1997. Explores the complex management BOTANICAL AND MEDICINE systems the indigenous Kenyoh people of Borneo PORTRAITS HERBAL by W. Arthur have developed for their tropical forests, by Murdoch FROM Whisrier. the uses they moke of the various stages of forest Riley. 1994. 1992. PARADISE regrowth, the benefits gained from the forest, ond recommendations of ._.... _ _. Illustrated by Mory The first ho~ Provides on how these systems might be adapted to help in the conservation of other of this New overviewof tropical rain forests . Softcover, 236 pp. $28. #B387 Grierson, text by Peter Green. 1996. Con Zeolond ethnobotonical sourcebook troditionol Tongan medicine, including tains 43 watercolors depicting native discusses 85 Maori healing ond cousotion of illness, medical THE ABANDONED NARCOTIC: KAVA AND CULTURAL plonts of Howoii os well os Polynesian ond health topics, from mundane things problems, and practices of priests ond INSTABILITY IN MELANESIA by Ron Brunton. 1989. Toking the modern introduced plants now prevalent like arthritis ond backache to topics loy healers. Discusses modem Tongan varying fortunes of kova on the islond of Tan no, in the islands. Text covers the ethno like drowning ond tattooing. Port medicine in depth, including concepts Vanauta, as his starting point, the author suggests botony ond legends of the early Howo~ two presents over 200 medicinal of sickness ond health, types of thot kovo's abandonment con best be explained in ions, taxonomic research of botanists ond plonts with color photographs, ailments, ond contemporary herbal terms of its association with unstable re ligious cults the history that brought such on incredible description, relationships, external medicine. Includes descriptions ond ond is port of o brooder problem of why many mix of species to the islands. Hardcover, ond internal uses. Hardcover, 528 uses of 77 commonly used herbs. traditional Melanesian societies were characteristically 102 pp. $45. #B295 pp. $65.#B222 Softcover, 122 pp. S13 .00. #B204 highly unstable. Hardcover, 219 pp. $44. #B134 RAINFOREST REMEDIES: SA STUN ONE HUNDRED HEALING by Rosita CENTRAL AMERICA HERBS Arviga. 1994. TAKING CARE OF SilO'S GENTRY'S RiO MAYO PLANTS: THE OF BELIZE Acap tivating GIFTS TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST & by Rosita story of by Palmer, Sanchez, Moyorgo. OF NORTHWEST Arvigo and Ame rican 1991 . An environmental MEXICO Revised and edited by P. Mortin, Michael Herbologist treatise from Costa Rico 's D. Yetman, M. Fishbein, P. Jenkins, T. Von Bolick. Rosita Arvigo's Kekoldi Indigenous Reserve, Devender & R. Wilson. 1998. Howard Scott 1993. 2nd apprenticeship this book shows how the Gentry's 1942 classic updated ond amended edition. A to Don Elijia Ponti, one of the lost rainforest provides the Kekoldi with more than twice the number of species window into su rviving and most respected people with everything they need to live, os long os 1 described by Gentry. Includes information on distribution, the socred world of traditional traditional healers of Belize. Set in they respect Sibo's (God's) lows governing the use of habitat, appearance, common names, ond indigenous uses in this Moyan healers who knowthat the the imperiled Belizean rainfo rest natural resources. Income from book soles goes direcriy major geographic areo, along with historical background, o review rainforest holds within its grasp oil that serves as the pharmacy of to the Kekoldi people, to support their rainforest of geography ond vegetation, ond o description of changes to the the ingredients that have sustained ancient Mayon medicine. Softcover, conservation efforts ond their cultural school. Softcover, land ond river wrought by agriculture, grazing, ond lumbering. it and its people. lllus., Saftcover, 90 pp. $14. #B087. 96 pp. s12. #B225 Hardcover, 558 pp. $75. #B384 215 pp. $15.95. #B053. Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form Questions call512/926-4900; e-mail: custserv @herbalgram.org 21 HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 CHINESE MEDICINAL WINES ORIENTAL MATERIA ASIA AND ELIX IRS MEDICA CHINESE MEDICINAL TEAS by Bob Flows. 1994. Contains the ingre by Hong·Yen Hsu et. of. by Zong Xioo-fon and Gory Liscu m. dients, method of preparation and odmin· 1986. Astandard reference. ...~ ...... 1996. Acompendi umo f easy to istrotion, indications, and Covers 768 Ch inese herbs, Chine!t make and toke Chinese herbal rem· contraindications of more than 200 au· combining traditional proper· i ttedidnal i edies. Most of these folk recipes thentic Chinese medicinal wines. Trans· ties and effects with reports i Teas i use only two to fou r easily obtained lated from both premodern and contem· on developments in botanical ,.,.. ing redien ts steeped in boiling water; porary Chinese sources, this is the lorg· and biochemical research into I ..hl- i many incl ude teo leaves and o est, most complete book in English on their structures and actions. ~ ...... sweetener. Softcover, 312 pp. ·-- - th is topic. Softcover, 242 pp. $19.95. #B348 Hardcover, 932 pp. $69.95 . #B157 i- --...... - - $19.95 . #B350 •MEDICINAL PLANTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF WEST AFRICA by Edward SOUTH AFRICA by B. Von Wyk, Ayensu. 1978. 187 plants that B. Von Oudtshoorn, and N. Gericke. occur in West Africa, their uses, 1997. 132 medicinal plants; over AFRICA local names, and standard 500 photographs of plants, plant scientific binomials. Bibliography, ports used and products; AFRICAN ETHNOBOTANY: POISONS glossary of medical terms, introductory chapters on cultural AND DRUGS by H. D. Neuwinger. 1994. medical and botanical indexes. aspects of healing, methods of Comprehensively reviews the chemical 127 illus. Hardcover, 330 pp. collection and storage; methods of composition, pharmacology and toxicology of $39.95 #B094 preparation and administration; plant list according to more than 240 plants. Covers botany, vernacular ailments; 132 geographical distribution mops; ond names, hunting poison, traditional medicine, chemistry, pharmacology/ comprehensive references for further reading. Hardcover, toxicology, and literature. Hardcover, 941 pp. $119.95 . #8325 104 pp. $75. #8314 NATIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS ZULU MEDICINAL PLANTS: AN INVENTORY OF NORTH AFRICA Compiled by Hutchings, Scott, Lewis, and Cunningham. by Loutfy Boulos. 1983. 1996. Covers more than 1,000 plants based on o AMERICAN Authoritative, systematic, and survey of the literature from the late nineteenth century wide-ranging work, illustrated to the present. Includes updated botanical names, GERANIUMS FOR THE with 103 line drawings. Over synonyms, common English and Afrikaans names, on IROQUOIS 500 species. Medical, extensive list of Zulu names, data on the medicinal by Daniel Moerman. 1982. common nome, and botanical usage of the plants by the Zulu and other ethnic groups, Written in a witty narrative style, indexes. Hardcover, 286 pp. known physiological effects, chemical compounds, and this handbook discusses many of $39.95. #8125 biological properties. Softcover, 450 pp. $114.95. #8247 the plants used medicinally by Native American peoples. Accurate HEALING HERBS OF THE UPPER RIO GRANDE: line drawings ore accompanied by SACRED PLANT MEDICINE by Stephen Buhne r. 1996. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE OF THE common and botanical names, os SOUTHWEST well os descriptions to help the Looks at the historical use of plants by Native Americans and gives a detailed by L. S. M. Curtin, revised and edited by reader identify the plant in the field . Hardcover, 24 2 pp. Michael Moore. 1997. The seminal work on $24.95. #B211 look at howthe sacredness of plants is experienced in indigenous cultures. traditional home remedies of the Southwest Includes color plates of 19 species of now updated with Latin names, informationon MEDICINAL WILD PLANTS plants, o short compendiumof pl ants current usage and sources, remedy and general OF THE PRAIRIE and their uses os sacred medici ne, and indexes, and alternative views on o number of by Kelly Kindscher. 1992. 203 on appendix that addresses ethical plants. 236 pp. $14.95. #8330 native prairie plant species used by Native Americans, settlers, and harvesting . Softcover, 210 pp. $18.95. #822 8 doctors. Includes botanical, Native MEDICINAL AND OTHER USES OF American, and common WILD PLANTS AND NATIVE PEOPLES ...,:~~~a' NORTHAMERICAN PLANTS nome; description and OF THE FOUR CORNERS ~r!!~ by Charlotte ErichserrBrown . 1979. Focuses habitat, ports used; by William Dunmire and Gail Tierney. 1997. on the ways North American Indians, Native American use; medical use; scientific Profiles of more than fifty individua l plant spe especially Eastern tribes, hove used plants. research; and cu ltivation. Softcover, 340 pp. cies that hove important cultural associations Plants ore grouped according to habitat: wet, $12.95 #B1 40 and ore relatively easy to find growing in the open places, woods and thickets, and dry, Four Corners region . Illustrations and descrip open places. Adetailed line drawing of the AMERICAN tions make identification easy. Amultitude of plant's leaves, buds, twigs, seeds, and other INDIAN uses is covered . Softcover, 312 pp. $2 2.50. characteristic features accompanies the MEDICINE #8286 textual descriptions. Softcover, 512 pp. $12.95. #8137 by Virgil Vogel. 1990. The classic work in this fie ld. INDIAN HERBOLOGY OF WILD PLANTS OF THE PUEBLO PROVINCE Lists the practical NORTH AMERICA by Alma Hutchens. 1973. by William Dunmire and Gail Tierney. 1995 . A and pharmacological Illustrated encyclopedic guide to mo re than 200 chronicle of plant uses that encompasses all of the bases of treatment medicinal plants found in North America, with traditional territory of the nineteen modern pueblos of and cure. Essay on descriptions of each plant's appearance and uses, New Mexico, centering in the middle Rio Grande the medical aspects of Indian history, and directions fo r methods of use and dosage. Volley. Documents the prehistoric, historic, and folklore, pharmacology, and botany. Much data based on Russian research. 382 pp. contemporary uses of 300 species of southwestern Softcover, 578 pp. $24.95 . #8131 $19.#8338 flora. Softcover, 289 pp. $22.50. #B241 Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form 22 Questions c all512/926-4900; e-mail: custser [email protected] HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 CHINESE MATERIA THE CHINESE CHINESE HERBAL MEDICA: HERB PATENT CHEMISTRY, SELECTION FORMULAS ASIA PHARMACOLOGY GUIDE by Joke Fratkin. CHINESE AND APPLICA by Charles 1986. Complete Belanger. 1997. A HERBAL TIONS -'l----~!>.-~ . guide to 225 Chinese MEDICINE ,~.,- by You-Ping Zhu. traditional and mod· ..... -Gilt"--' herbal potent ern clinical repertory MATERIA 1998. Comprehensive, medicines organized MEDICA up-to-dote information with a summary according to traditional materia medico for by Don on Chinese herbs, and categories, with Bensky and on in-depth look ot the tradition al experience of the health core discussion of their Andrew Chinese materia medico with modern scientific practitioner. All the necessary information to energetic applications, symptoms, cautions and Gamble. explanations. Theories, concepts, sources, produc· make effective herb preparations for your pa precautions, and ingredients with percentage tients. Softcover, 882 pp. $59 .95 . #B3 60 Revised 1993. Extensive sourcebook lion and quality control of Chinese materia composition. Includes 49 American products about the most commonly used medico . Hardcover, 706 pp . $120. #8353 mode with Chinese herbs, Chinese characters and substances in Chinese herbal medicine. pinyin pronunciations, and o complete index by THE DIVINE Each herb is illustrated and identified by symptom and Chinese pathology. Softcover, 352 its pharmaceutical, botanical, and family JADE FARMER'S pp. $17.9S. #B2 15 REMEDIES MATERIA names. Hardcover. 556 pp. 380 by Peter MEDICA CHINESE illustrations. $75. #8003 HERBAL Holmes. 1996. (Atranslation of CHINESE HERBAL More than 450 the Shen Nang MEDICINE by Daniel MEDICINE pla nt, mineral, Ben Coo Jing by FORMULAS AND and animal Yang Shou Reid. 1986. Examines 200 STRATEGIES remedies used zhong) 1998. by Don Bensky and worldwide in First English examples of the natural Randall Barolet. Chinese medicine, divided by restoratives, translation of one of the three foundation 19 91. The first book stimulants, relaxants, and sedatives. Up-to-dote books of Chinese medicine and the mote flora and fauna on of Chinese medicinal information on botanical sources, plant habits, rio medico from which all others hove formulas in English. biochemistry, pharmaco logy, energetic properties, been derived . Amust for all serious stu which Chinese herbal medicine is based and explains the philosophy that propelled 600 Chinese medicinal formulas in 18 functional therapeutic actions and indications, preparation dents and practitioners of Chinese med~ its development. WeiHIIustroted and easy· categories. 18 illustrations, Hardcover, 562 pp. forms, dosages, cautions and controindicotions. cine . Softcover, 198 pp. $8S.#B004 More than 350 plant line drawings. Softcover, $21.95. #B 366 to;ead, this book provides the general two volumes. 914 pp. $1 00. #B301 reader with insight into one of the world's ORIENTAL most complex and little-known sciences. BETIER MEDICINE: Softcover, 17 4 pp. $25. #B306 HEALTH WITH OUTLINE GUIDE TO (MOSTLY) CHINESE HERBAL AN ILLUSTRATED CHINESE CHINESE PATENT MEDICINES HERBS AND IN PILL FORM GUIDE TO HEALING THE ASIAN FOODS AND FOODS by Margaret Noeser. by Albert 1991. 2nd edition . Over ARTS OF HERBS HEALING by Albert Leung. 1995. 17 5 potent medicines. Sixty herbs and ...... ,...... ,~.;...;.;.;.;'"'"' Organized with Chinese Ed. by J. Von Leung. 1984. Alphen and A. Describes 48 foods, not primori~ used os characters and English medicine, that supply certain unconventional translation and Pinyin Aris. 1997. Covers the key concepts of traditional theory, diagnosis, and actual practice of Chinese herbs, nutrients which may be missing from spelling, function and clinical application, modem diets. Includes Latin binomial and ingredients with explanation of clinical function of Indian, Tibetan, and Chinese traditional their sources, medicine. Essays by 17 contributors (both history, components, dosages, safety family nome of plant source, ports used, each herb, pictures of packaging. Softcover, 371 properties, most common traditional uses, pp. $29.95 #B099 western academicians and physicians precautions, effects, and recipes. lllus., working with in the individual disciplines) Softcover, 192 pp. $10.95 #B054 and fulkolor photographs. Softcover, 1OS THE ILLUSTRATED ore accompanied by beautiful, fulkolor pp. $9.95 . #B218 CHINESE MATERIA illustrations, both ancient and modern. THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS Softcover, 271 pp. $3 9.95. #B303 MEDICINAL PLANTS MEDICA OF ORIENTAL OF CHINA by Kun·Ying Yen. 1992. HERBS by James Over 240 of the most PHARMACOLOGY OF CHINESE by Hong-Yen Hsu, Duke and commonly used agents HERBS Yuh-Pan Chen, and Edward in Chinese medicine, or· by Kee Mino Hong. Ayensu. ranged in phormocognos· Chong 1982.A 1985, tic style according to Huang. compilation of Two plant port used . Included 1998. 2nd most of the volumes. ore names, origins, char· edition. natural products Covers octers, qua lity, produc· 473 herbs, found in Oriental 1,240 lion area, properties and actions, indications, chemical describing herbal drugs species constituents, and representative formulas. Appendices the reported in scientific periodicals and books with line include drug function comparison tables, a short de chemical published before the end of 1978. Includes drawing s, names, uses, chemical scription of drug processing, 356 formulas with ingre composition, structure, common nome, systematic nome, constituents, and ports used for each dients and indications, and a glossary of Chinese med~ pharmacological actions, toxicity, and molecular formula, melting point, boiling point, herb. Intended for the use of col terms. Plants ore indexed by English, Latin, Pinyin, therapeutic uses of each herb. Lists optical rotation, plant source and portion of the biologists, chemists, and laypersons. Japanese, and Chinese names. Hardcover, 383 pp. scientific and experimental data. plant source in which the component is located . B/W illus., Hardcover, 705 pp. $79.95. #B158 Hardcover, 388 pp. $139. #B046 Hardcover, 2 val. set, 829 pp. $125. #B132 $94.95 #B048 Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form Questions c all512/926-4900; e-mail: custser [email protected] 23 HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 ANCIENT MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE u.s. REGIONt I L REAlM OF PACIFIC WEST THE PACIFIC by Michael Moore. 1993. Guide to NORTHWEST over 300 species geographical~ MEDICINAL HEALING PLANTS: A Photography by ranging from Bojo California to PLANTS OF MEDICINAL GUIDE TO Graham Alosko. Details whot medicinal plants THE NATIVE NORTH Osborne, text exist, where to find them, how to MOUNTAIN AMERICAN PLANTS by Wade Davis. identify, gather, and use them. WEST AND HERBS by Ana Nez 1998. Stunning~ beautiful tribute to Softcover, 359 pp. $22.50. #8114 by Michael Heatherley. 1998. Acon· North America's temperate rainforest, Moore. 1979. cise guide to traditional one of the richest ecosystems in the MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE Guide to the herbal medicine that exam world. Provides o haunting reminder DESERT AND CANYON WEST identiticolion, preporalion, and uses of ines 100 types of healing thot it is not just the tropical rainforest by Michael Moore. 1989. Guide to traditional medicinal plants found in plants and herbs common to North America, cit· thot we need to sove. Hardcover, 128 identifying, preparing, ond using mountains, foothills, and upland areas. ing the afflictions they remedy ond offering un pp. $35. #8383 traditional medicinal plants. Exposes the 120 plant types, covering 1,000 derstandable scientific explanations for each botanical wealth of the desert ond the species with a down-t~arth practical plant's effectiveness. Includes growing tips, need to protect it. Softcover, 184 pp. approach. Softcover, 200 pp. S13 .95 . methods of preparation, herbal food ideas, and FROM EARTH $13.95. #8113 #8112 information on the latest research. Softcover, TO HERBALIST 252 pp. s16 .95 . #8365 by Gregory TI~ord . 1998. Fulkolor guide to the sustainable harvest and use of HEALING WITH 52 species of North American medicinal plants, emphasizing principles of ethical PLANTS IN THE MEDICINE FROM THE MOUNTAINS: wildcrofting, identification, propagating, making and using herbal remedies, ond AMERICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE SIERRA when to choose alternative or adjunct herbal medicines. Softcover, 248 pp. $21. AND MEXICAN NEVADA by Kimball Chatfield. 1997.' 1ncludes #8370 WEST line drawings, common by Margarita Kay. names, Latin binomial, family, descrip !:!:.:!::.~~~ 1996. Descriptions tion and habitat, chemistry, history L of 100 plants ond modern uses, toxicity, dosage, CARIBBEAN including botanical and common plant and cultivation of 33 commonly found EARTH AND SPIRIT: MEDICINAL PLANTS AND names, history, contemporary uses, a plants in the Sierra Nevada. Also pro HEALING LORE FROM PUERTO RICO description of how the plant is prepared vides o glossary, resources, and sug by Marlo Benedetti. 1989. 1nterviews with traditional and administered, ond brief phytochemical gested reading list. Softcover, 219 pp. doto. Softcover, 315 pp. $19.95.#8229 curonderos, o granny midwife, spiritual healers and others $17.95.#8311 along with remedies presented in on extensive recipe section organized by health condition make this o celebration of green EDIBLE AND MEDICINAL LOS REMEDIOS medicine, Caribbean style. Softcover, 268 pp. $20. #8359 PLANTS OF THE WEST by Michael Moore. 1990. by Gregory Ti~ord. 1997. Comprehensive text detoi~ Fulkolor photographic ing 172 plants with primary guide to the and secondary uses cross in· identification, edibility, dexed by Spanish, scientific, MIDDLE EAST and medicinal uses of and primary names of each plant. Includes precautions, MEDICINAL AND POISONOUS PLANTS OF QATAR more than 250 plant species, by A. Rizk and G. H-Ghozoly. 1995. Constituents, uses, and growing from Alaska to southern usefulness ratings, dosage, preparation methods, and therapeutic index grouping ailments and effects of 184 plants in 68 families, easily identified with the California, east across the Rocky help of 250 color photographs and brief descriptions that include Mountains and the Northern Plains to the Great complaints with the plants best suited to treot them. Softcover, 108 pp. $9.95 #8260 flowering period, habitat, and distribution. Alphabetically by Lakes. Softcover, 239 pp. $21.#8278 family, genus and species. Hardcover, 306 pp. $70. #8224 HEMP & MEDICAL MARIJUANA SALE30% OFF SALE 30% OFF HEMP FOR HEALTH: I THE MEDICINAL AND NOW $ 13.27 NOW $13.97 NUTRITIONAL USES OF HEMP HORIZONS by John Rouloc. CANNABIS SATIVA THE GREAT BOOK OF HEMP by by Chris Conrad . 1997. Explores every Explores the origins of industrial hemp Rowan Robinson. 1996. With Europe and and its current emergence os a facet of Cannabis sativa's healing prop Conodo lifting bans on growing industrial erties, from its traditional uses in ancient marketplace phenomenon. Covers the hemp, it has exploded onto the marketplace lows and politics of this plant which has Chino and Indio to the modern rediscov· in o dazzling array of products: jeans, sneakers, lip balm, tree-free ery of the nutritional benefits of been o mainstay of agriculture for more than 12,000 years, paper, fiberboard, and insulation. With new technology it is possible surveys the multitude of products that con be mode from nonpsychooctive hempseed. Examines hundreds of scientific to make anything from hemp that we now make from petroleum, studies done on marijuana ond explains its therapeutic effects hemp, and offers scientific forts to dispel myths about this while perhaps solving some of the world's most troubling controversial plant. Softcover, 212 on systems of the body. Softcover, environmental problems such os soil erosion, contamination, and 264 pp. $14.95 #8264 pp. $18.95. #8315 deforestation. Softcover, 247 pp. $19.95. #8192 ADVANCES IN HEMP RESEARCH THERAPEUTIC USES OF CANNABIS Ed. by Paolo Ranalli. 1999. Addresses botany, phytochemistry, detecting and by the British Medical Association. 1997. Published os o result of the monitoring THC content, ogronomicol and physiological advances, crop physiology, 8MA's resolution that •certain additional connabinoids should be survey of hemp diseases and pests, germplosm resources, genetic improvement, legalised for wider medicinal use," this report discusses the use and advances in biotechnological approaches for breeding and industry, alkaline pumping adverse effects of marijuana for nausea, multiple sclerosis~.,~~~ ;-4~~1d" of fiber hemp, and seed os ofood source. Hardcover, 272 pp. $69.95. #8390 epilepsy, glaucoma and asthma. Softcover, 142 pp. $18. Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form 24 Questions c all512/926-4900 ; e-mail: custser v @herbalgram.org HERBAl EDUCATION CATAlOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS PSILOCYBIN MUSHROOMS by Christopher Hobbs. 1995. OF THE WORLD: USHROO. S Over 100 species of edible AGUIDE TO IDENTIFICATION SHIITAKE: ..... fun gi. D escrip~ons, habitats, by Paul Stomets. 1996. Nearly 100 THE HEALING MUSHROOM range, history, chemistry, species ore described, including dose by Kenneth Jones. 1995. Covers nutritional relatives ond poisonous look·dikes. pharmacology, human clinical value, history os ofolk medicine, u~fulness in studies, toxicity, traditional For more than just ofield guide, this lowering cholesterol ond preventing heart medicinal uses, medical uses, book will prove useful to disease, ond its value in bolstering the immune preparation, dosage, related mycologists, scholars, physicians, system to increase the body's ability to prevent species, ond procurement. ond the cu rious. Excellent color cancer, viral infections, ond chronic fatigue Softcover, 251 pp. $16.95 . #8115 photographs. Softcover, 243 pp. $24.95. #8244 syndrome. Softcover, 120 pp. $8.95. #B188 '------' THE HEALING GINSENG: AMERICAN POWER OF HOW TO GINSENG: THE GINSENG AND FIND, ROOT OF NORTH GINSENG THE TONIC GROW AMERICA'S HERBS AND USE MEDICINAL GINSENG: THE -'-""~· by Paul Bergner. AMERICA'S HERB TRADE ENERGYHERB 1996. Explains the FOREST by Christopher S. Robbins. by Christopher Hobbs. 1996. most famous of GOLD 1998 report from TRAFFIC Small but pocked with Chinese tonic herbs, which tonic herbs ore by Kim Pritts. North America o program of WWF (World Wildlife information, this book will effective ond inexpensive substiMes for 1995. Covers history, cultivation, Fund) ond IUCN (The World Conservation Union) on tell you the benefits and ginseng, which ones when combined with diseases ond pests, harvesting ond Ponax quinquefolius. This study reviews harvest ond proper use of 10 kinds of ginseng will make it more effective, ond marketing, hunting ond conserving wild trade levels to determine whether management of ginseng, how to choose ond which ones, alone or in combination moy be ginseng, ond ginseng's place in American ginseng in the United States and Conodo is use the most potent ond better suited to on individual's constitution. traditional herbal medicine. Softcover, adequately protecting wild populations from intensive cost1!ffective products, ond summaries of human Softcover, 274 pp. $14.95. #8219 150 pp. $16.95. #B217 collection and increasingly pervasive habitat loss. clinical studies that support the health claims of Softcover, $20.# B347 ginseng. Softcover, 103 pp. $7.95 THE GINSENG BOOK: #B214 NATURE'S ANCIENT HEALER AMERICAN GINSENG, GREEN GOLD by Stephen Fulder. 1996. Practical, Revised edition by W. Scott Persons. 1994. A GINSENG sound advice on choosing the most growers' guide, including history ond use. A_. ACONC ISE HANDBOOK appropriate form of ginseng ond on Information on life cycle, range, government ~, - by James Duke. 1989. Examines history, selecting the right dosage. Covers regulation, medicinal properties, trade, taxonomy, chemistry, ond pharmacology, legends ond history, scientific stud growing methods, harvesting ond stratifying, ond surveys the economics of ginseng ies, ond cultivation ond processing and economics. Photos, illus, tables. cultivation. B/W illus., Hardcover, 273 Softcover, 109 pp. $8.95 #8268 Softcover, 203 pp. $17.95. #8111 pp. $39.95. #B047 NATURAL PHARMACOTHEON ENERGY by Jonathon Ott. 1993. The most compre by Mark Moyell. hensive multi-disciplinary book on the sub BUZZ: THE PSVCHOACTIVE SCIENCE AND 1998. The first ject of shomonic inebrionts ond their active LORE OF THE CHEMISTRY OF book to offer unbi· agents ond artificial cousins. Featuring o bib MIND-ALTERING liography of 2,440 sources, this culmination ALCOHOL AND osed, responsible, CAFFEINE DRUGS: HISTORY, ond authoritative of twenty years of research is the reference book specialists by Stephen Broun. PHARMACOLOGY, information on the 1996. Explores recent AND CULTURAL CON- latest generation of psychoactive sub hove long needed ond yet is written advances in neuro TEXT by Daniel Perrine. stances. Provides readers with on in-depth science which frequently look into the uses ond histories of o variety in o style that 1996. Arigorou s, scientifically contradict conventional of plants ond supplements, including St. makes it accessible objective, ond thoroughly to the layperson. wisdom: alcohol is much complex than documented exposition of acute pharmacological John's Wort, volerion, melatonin, kovo, ond just o simple depressant, ond caffeine is not the yohimbe. Softcover, 266 pp. $15. #8354 Softcover, 639 pp. ond psychological effects of nearly every known $40.#B160 direct stimulant it was once thought to be. Also substance that affects human consciousness. Pro PLANTS reports on recent findings which support prev~ vides on accessible explanation of drug-receptor in· OF THE PLANT ously unsubstantiated folk wisdom. Hardcover, teroction ond organic chemical structures, os well os GODS INTOXICANTS 214 pp. $25. #8259 descripti ons of th e discovery, isolati ono nd synthe by Richard by Ernst von Bibro. ses of th e chemical substances responsi ble fo r Schultes ond 1995. Originally PEYOTE: drug activity. Softcover, 480 pp. $42. #8292 Albert published in 1855, THE DIVINE Hofmann. this is one of the CAaus SACRED AND HERBAL HEALING BEERS 1992. Ninety· first books to by Edward by Stephen Buhner. 1998. Meant primarily os one hallucinogenic plants with vivid de examine the Anderson. 1996. the ex~orotion of the beauty ond sacredness of toil on 14 having profound significance cultivation, preparation, and consumption of 2nd edition. ancient fermentation, revealed through the for humans. Over 100 color illustrations, the world's major stimulants ond inebrionts. Addresses the discussion of 200 mostly medicinal plants and plus rare photographs-many published Devotes ofull cha pter to each of seventeen ceremonial ond medicinal uses of hive products, this book also includes 120 for the first time-of plants ond the plants, ranging from such mild stimulants peyote in the U.S. ond Mexico, along recipes for ancient ond indigenous beers ond meads from 31 people, ceremonies, sculpture, paintings, os coffee ond teo, through tobacco ond with the legal aspects of this use, os countries. (Note: Some of the recipes contain poisonous plants ond pottery, ond weovings related to ritual hashish, to powerful narcotics ond well os the pharmacology, chemistry, ore included for historical ond educational purposes on~. Neither use of sacred hallucinogens. Softcover, hallucinogens such os opium ond fly agaric. ond botany of the plant. Softcover, 272 the author, publisher, nor ABC recommends the making or ingestion 192 pp. $22.95. #8165 Softcover, 269 pp. $16.95 . #B191 pp. $19.95. #8248 of these beers.) Softcover, 534 pp. $19.95. #8373 Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-71 05; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form Questions c all512/926-4900; e-mail: custser [email protected] g 25 HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 £ SENTIAL OILS I PHVTOCOSMETJCS ADVANCED AROMA THER APY CLINICAL AROMA THERAPY AROMA THERAPY by Kurt Schnoubelt. 1998. The author, o A'"ROMAT ~mAA Pv IN NURSING FOR HEALTH chemist and pioneer of the scie nce of by Jane Buckle. 1997. Contains on in-depth PROFESSIONALS oromotherapy, provides o scientiffc basis for clinicol section dealing with the management by Sh~rley and Len Pnce. the efficacy of essential oils. Draws on brood of common problems such os infection ond 1995. GUid~!tnes on pracllce based research to demonstrate how essential pain, giving examples of which oils might be wrthtn specrftc core contexts.. . oils interact with the different systems of the used in treatment. Illustrates the opplicotion e.g. rnt~nsrve core, termtnolrllness, preg~o~cy and body and how they affect emotional stoles of oromotherapy in specific clinical special- chil~~nth, core of elderl.y, leorntng d~fficu l ties; os well os physical ones. Tokes much of the guesswork out of de ties. Cites more than 700 references. composrtion of 01ls ~nd .therr effects; gurdonce on veloping formulas . Softcover, 138 pp. $16.95. #B351 Softcover 289 pp $39 95 #B298 mossoge ond other opphcotions; power ond safety of r-~=---, ' · · · oils, including advice on quantities, dispensing, storage ESSENTIAL OILS AFETY AROMATHERAPY: A COMPLETE ond undesired effects; cose studies from the authors' by Robert Tissero nd and Tony Bolocs. GUIDE TO THEHEALING ART own experience ond others. Softcover, 1995. Up-t!Hlote research findings. Prac by K. Keville ond M. Green. 1995. Topics 298 pp. $32. #B168 tical, comprehensive guide. Detailed pro include the history ond theory of AROMATHERAPY: files of 95 essential oils, including con fragrance; therapeutic uses of SCENT AND PSYCHE stituen ts, hozords, dosage, toxicity doto oromotheropy for circulation, digestion, by Peter ond Kate Domion. 1995. With o and controindicotions; brief safety profiles of respiration, immunity, and more; instructions for creating thorough exposition of the ancient practice 311 essential oils and 135 essential oil com personal beauty and skin-core products; techniques for the of aromatics in Chino, Indio, Persia, and ponents; safety guidelines, details of essential oil absorption, metabo home distillation and blending of essential oils; and a Egypt and o modern scientific lism ond excretion; oils which moy react adversely with certain drugs; materia medico listing the origins ond uses of commonly understanding of the psychology of scent, and based on extensive references. Hardcover, 279 pp. $49. #B169 available essential oils. Softcover, 156 pp. $16.95. #B179 research, clinicol studies, and the authors' professional experience, this book is o guide to mastering the use of essential ESSENTIAL OIL CROPS by E. A. Weiss. 1997. Ad dresses growing essential oil plants profitably to obtain BOTANICALS: A oils. Includes profiles for 44 essential oils ond specific instructions on aromatic derivative. Each chapter covers a different PHYTOCOSMETIC DESK for creating blends. Softcover, 244 pp. $16.95. #B245 family. Abrief history of the use ond economic develop REFERENCE ment is given, ond cultivation, har by Fronk D' Amelio, Sr. 1999. Includes THE ILLUSTRATED vesting , ond distilling described . forms of extracts, formulations, quality ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ESSENTIAL OILS Results of current research and rec control, examination procedures, by Julio Lawless. 1995. An extensive ond sys ommendations for improved agro common terminology, ond plant tematic reference guide to oromotherapy oils. nomic practices, together with identification, as well os on extensive Comprehensive Ato Zpresentation . Over 160 methods of adding value to the section on botanicals which includes oils including oromotherapy applications for crop ore also discussed. Hardcover, hobitot, range, description, properties co mmon complaints, home and commercial uses, herboljfolk tradi ond constituents. Hardcover, 361 pp. 600 PP -$140. #B255 tion for each plant, safety data, exact botanical origins, and methods $119.95. #B386 of extraction. Softcover, 256 pp. $21.95. #B154 WHOLE FOODS COMPANION FOOD I NUTRI'TION by Dionne Onstad. 1996. Over PREPARATIONS I 300 plant-based foods and their THE ORIGINS OF HUMAN DIET AND MEDICINE history, folklore, culinary use and by Timothy Johns. 1990. Considers the evolution of the nutritional doto, along with infor COOKING human use of plants, the woys in which humans obtain mation on THE HERB GARDEN COOKBOOK foods from among the myriad poisonous and unpalatable their bo by Lucinda Hutson. 1987. Contains descriptive plants in the environment, and the consequences of this tanical botanical information, easy-to-understand planting ond history for understanding the basis of the human diet. names. In harvesting instructions, and more than 150 tasty Softcover, 356 pp. $19 .95. #8285 cludes recipes along with suggested menus. Includes 115 herbs extensive source list for buying seeds, fresh plants, THE NEW OXFORD BOOK OF FOOD PLANTS ond spices ond gourmet food products. Softcover, 229 pp. Ed. by J. G. Voughon 8. C. A. Geissler. 1997. Revised with their $21.95. #G013 and updated from the 1969 version, a comprehensive hord-to-ftnd nutritional doto. Not and beautifully illustrated compendium of food plant only on incredible reference text HANDMADE MEDICINES: SIMPLE RECIPES facts . Entries typically discuss the source ond history of but o good read os well. FOR HERBAL HEALTH by Christopher Hobbs. o plant, preparation for rnorket, and use as ofood. In Softcover, 528 pp. $29. #B262 1998. 43 easy recipes along with the history of cludes o glossary of botanical terms, o section on nutri herbal medicine making, how it works, how to find tion ond health, nutrition tables, ond recommended THE ond prepare the herbs ond o resource di recto ry. readings. Hardcover, 239 pp. $39.95. #B302 CLASSIC Softcover, 120 pp . $12.95. #8356 HERB COOKBOOK THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF by Jill Norman . 1997. Recipes TONICS by Robert Barnett. EDIBLE PLANTS OF NORTH AMERICA for more than 100 1997. More than 60 essays ond by Fran~ois Couplon. 1998. Contains o comprehensive mouthwotering dishes. Easy-to 125 recipes about specific foods account of each edible species (about 4000 plants) on follow format with full-color ond herbs that benefit health. the North American continent used os food by humans. photographs of the finished Integrates the science of modern Nature's (ln.~n Feast Includes etymology, geographicollocotion, uses of each product, as well as the neces nutrition with traditional herbal Fn n~.~~ lan . P~ I J. , port, history of the uses, composition, medicinal uses, ...L~~= .~"..!!.._ sary ingredients. Cotolog of herbs illustrates varieties medicine in o practical, easy-to possible toxicity, endangered species, traditional Native with notes on their properties ond possible uses. Hard use cookbook. Softcover, 336 American cooking techniques and uses. Softcover, 583 pp. S19 .95 . #B357 cover, 144 PP -$24.95 . #G008 pp. $15. #B271 Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form 26 Questions c all512/926-4900 ; e-mail: custser [email protected] g HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 COLORING ONE DAY FOR AND ABOUT BOOK OF THE IN THE MAYA TROPICAL RAIN RAIN CHILDREN FOREST FOREST Text by Dr. by Jeon HERBALIST KIDS, HERBS, Rosita Arvigo, i~ Craighead OF HEALTH lustrotions by by linda White and George. YARROW Sunny Mavor. Tessa 1990. Atimely overview of the by Shotoyo de 1998. Topics Fairweather. 1992. Written in both En rainforest's vito I role in the Ia Tour. 1994. covered include glish ond Spa nish, this book is o delightful earth's ecology, told from the Cleverly intro understonding woy to learn about the useful plants and point of view of Tepui , on indig duces children herbal medicine, trees growing in tropical oreas. Includes enous Venezuelan boy. Great woy to to herbs and their healing properties ch ildren's herbs, keeping kids healthy, a discussion of space to enter other medicinal plants you introduce children to the flora ond through o wonderfully engaging tole find ond where found , and items you find founo of the tropical rainforest. Recom antibiotics, natural fi rst oid, ond childhood with lovely color illustrations. Includes health concerns from allergies ond attention that ore mode of plant moteriol. $6. mended for oges 9-12 but oppeols to recipes for teas, herbal baths ond other disorders to sleep ond skind isorders. Includes #G006 o much brooder range. Hardcover, healing remedies. Hardcover, 77 pp. recipes for colds, flu, fever, and more. 56 pp. $14.95. #G004 $15.9S .#G002 Softcover, 272 pp. $21.95. #B395 KIDZERBS, A KID'S GARDEN KIT FOR THE SHAMAN'SAPPRENTICE by GROWING MEDICINAL PLANTS Lynne Cherry ond Mark Plotkin. 1998. The by Seno Cech . 1997. Written, illustrated, designed ond developed by - story of on-Amazon tribe who learned the 13-yeor-old second generation herbalist Seno Cech, ond complete with importonce of their own knowledge about 13 pockets of orgonicolly grown herb seeds from her own garden. This the healing properties of the rain forest. is the perfect woy to nurture ony child's curiosity about or love for Based on o true story first told in the book growing plants. Includes growing instructions, information on medicinal Toles of the Shaman's Apprentice by Mork uses of plants, ond recipes . $14.95. #G001 Plotkin. Hardcover, 30 pp. $16. #GO 15 SOFTWARE I TheHerbali§J THE HERBALIST HERBAL CORNUCOPIA VER 2, PRESCRIBER A Sou~ 8ool of &liNt Rntlt CORNUCOPIA: A SOURCE BOOK OF EDIBLE PLANTS, ELECTRONIC VERSION By David Hoffman, by Christopher FOR WINDOWS Multimedia Hobbs. 1995. Disk by Stephen Focciolo. More thon 25,000 presentation, 171 based software. hypertext links thot cross-reference such inform() color photos, music Quick access to over by Jim Duke, tion os visual indexes, sources codes, bibliograph~ 2000 remedies and col citations, and list of Major Crops and Major narration by David 30 therapeutic diets Plant Families. Windows 3.0 or higher. Dolo Hoffman. Includes for 450 common bose. $70. #D007 . basic principles, human system, moterio ailments. Over 250 of the most widely used medico, glossary, English to Latin, and herbs. Searches 9 ways. Resources directory. taxonomy. CO ROM . PC/MAC hybrid. $49.95. Requires Windows 3.0 or higher. Ootobose. GLOBAL REMEDIES #COOl $36.95.#D004 PROFESSIONAL H. ,I I .11 .I II ::l'll by Steve Bloke. 1234 HERBAL REMEDIES 1999 TRADITIONAL CHINESE natural medicinals, 208 Updated, redesigned and MEDICINE AND color photos, 27,000 --~~~ simplified. More than 700 PHARMACOLOGY health condition listings, (C:1t. plants, 800 drugs, 5,000 Contains 322 herbs, 137 15,000 action listings, references. Includes toxicology formulas, color illustrations, full 25,000 herbal constitu H- "- , _. "f,_, I rc lf> It· I It'' with controindicotions and text search, photo zoom, ents, 7500 alternate interactions, pharmacology and extensive help system, tracking herb names, definitions, effect, application and dosage, component substances, capability, printing, copying, dosages and warnings, and 90,000 footnotes from 200 indications and more. CO ROM. Windows 95 and up. bookmorking, and annotations. books and journals. Windows 95 $99. #C003 CO ROM, PC / MAC hybrid, $49.95. #C002 CD ROM. $299. #C004 HWTHNOTES ONLINE THE HERBAL PHARMACY Natural health approaches for most common health conditions, by Brigitte Mars. 1997. Thorough descriptions of 300 medicinal plants re liable information about natural supplements (most vitamins, with internal, topical and culinary uses, properties, side effects, minerals, and herbs) and how they support various conditions, chemical constituents and history. 100 profe ss i onal~ formulated side-effect, contraindication information, and dosage ranges for herbal preparations, 300 photographs, eosy-t()-Use program, odd supplements and herbs, homeopathic remedies, fully notes, free internet version upgrades. Windows 95 or NT. CO ROM . referenced, thousands of hyper~i nks . Moe orW indows 3.1 and $39.95. #C006 up, modem optional. CO ROM. $49.95. #COOl Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-71 05; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form Questions c all512/926-4900; e-mail: custser [email protected] g 27 HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 VIDEO LITTLE MEDICINE: NATURAL HEALTH PHARMACY FROM THE RAINFOREST VIDEOS THE WISDOM TO AVOID BIG WITH Most were fi lmed on the first week~ong ethnobotunicol trip theAmerican Botanical Council MEDICINAL sponsored to the Perwian Amazonin October, 199 4, inc onjunction with theT exas MEDICINE Pharmacy Foundation and lntemational Expeditions. by Jim Meuninck end HERBS AND AWalk Through the ACEE RU seful Plants Trail, Mark Plotkin, Ph .D. 52 min. Therese Barnes. 1995. HEALING $39.95.1tem #80 1 Herbel wound FOODS Pharmacology andTh erapeutic Application of Plant Drugs, Varra E. Tyler, Ph .D. , 81 min. treatments, repellents, by Jim $39.95. 1tem #802 health tips, end more. Meuni nck, Ed Nutrition and the Amazon Food Pharmacy, JamesA. Duke, Ph.D. 47 min. $39. 95 . Item #803 60 min. $24.95 . #813 Alstct, Jcmes Tropicol Medicinei n the Rainforest, Unnea Smith, M.D., 25 min. $39 .95 . 1tem# 804 Belch, Phyllis Plant Drugs, Healing Herbs andP hytomedicinols, Varro E. Tyler. 33 min. $39. 95 . 1tem# 805 EDIBLE WILD PLANTS Belch, Rendell Brcdley, Abdul Kciyum, Ed Ethnomedicinal Field Research in theAmazon, Wolter lewis, Ph.D. 57 min. $39 .95 .1tem #806 by Jim Duke and JimMeun inck. Smith end Mcrk Wheeler. 1992. Uncovers ACEER Useful Plant Trail Guide, Don Antonio Montero. 41 min. Available in English, $39.95 . Item 1988. Id entifies 100 edible wild 100 plants with health protecting chemistry. #807A, or Spanish, $39 .9S.Item#8 078 plants, herbal tee recipes, uncovers 60 min. $24.95. #815 AW alk in the Rainforest, Dr. Jim Duke. 21 min. $39.95.1tem# 808 Amerindian end Complete set of 8 Videos, $255.70. Item #809 folk uses, HERBAL PREPARATIONS identifies AND NATURAL THERAPIES HERBAL ME DICINE AND poisonous plants, by Debrc Nuzzi St. Claire. Complete in YOU RH EA LTH end mare. 60 min. structions in c boo kend 2 videotapes Lectures by Michael Bolick, Mcrk $24.95 . #812 to he lpyou prepare end use your own Blum enthcl, Jcmes A. Duke, herbal medicine chest. Covers Vcrro Tyler, endAndre wWe i! wildcrcfting, tools end ingredients •~o:;r.•..-:r- • from c conference ct Columbia NATIVE AMERICAN MEDICINE needed, end howto mcke decoctions, Un iversity in 1996. Continuing by Estella Ramen, Pctsy Clerk, Therese infusions, tees, gargles, cough syrups, medico! educo tion activity worth Barnes, Ji mMeunin ck. 1995. Native tinctures, lin iments, selves, oils, tonics, ointments, poultices, end up to 6-1 / 2 hours in Category 1 American wisdom on herbal medicine, much more. An incredible resource for those who went to lecrn credit toward the AMA remedies, health tips, identification, end from c gree t teacher howto mcke their own herbal remedies. Physician's Recognition Awcrd. more. 60 min. $2 4.95. #81 4 $149. #81 8 Th ree videotapes, 5-1/2 hou rs with study guide. $150. #816 Videotapes only. $100. #817 AUDIO JULI ETTEOF THE HERBS THE MEDICINE GARDEN by Tish Streeten . 1998. Ab eautifully fi lmed portrait of the Written end produced by David Freudberg. Ane wpub lic redia health life andw ork of Ju liette de Bcirccli Levy, herba list, auth or, special on herbal remedies. Hecr some of the world's leading authorities and pioneer of holisticve terinary medicine. An inspiration for the present day herbal rena issance, Juliette's life story on herbal medicine including physicians, phcrmocognosists, botcnists, is as colorful and as exciting as her tremendo us wealth of end other scientists present the most comprehensive specie! on the herbal knowledge. 75 minutes. $35. #819 subject ever broadcast. Set of two 1-hour cudiotopes . $15.95. #701 The American Botanical Council's HERBCLIP™ on CD-ROM '96-'98 • 750+ executive summaries of seminal articles from almost 300 publications • Instant access from convenient index or search engine • Library of top references at your fingertips HerbCiip is a mailing service containing articles drawn from the mainstream media and a wide variety of newsletters, scientific journals, govern ment documents and special reports, along with an executive summary of the article. For more information on receiving HerbCiip, call Wayne Silverman, 512/926-4900. Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form 2 8 Questions c all512/926-4900; e-mail: custser [email protected] HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE FIELD GUIDE TO THE FAMILIES AND HANDBOOK OF BIOLOGICALLY BACKLIST AND FORESTRY: GENERA OF WOODY PLANTS OF ACTIVE PHYTOCHEMICALS AND PERFUMERY: PRACTICE AND Vol. 33: Ed. by Y. P. S. Bajoj. 1995. NW SOUTH AMERICA (COLUMBIA, THEIR ACTIVITIES PRINCIPLES by Robert Calkin and Stephan Hardcover, 476 pp. $369. #B194 ECUAD OR, AND PERU) by Alwyn H. Gentry. by James Duke. 1992. Hardcover, 183 pp. Vol37: medicinal and aromatic plants ix $149.#B027 Jellinek. 1994. Hardcover, 287 pp. $74.95. 1993. 89 5 pp. Hardcover, $75. #B044H . #BlOB 1996. Hardcover, 414 pp. $339. #B230 Softcover, $45. #B044S HANDBOOK OF MEDICINAL HERBS CRC HANDBOOK OF MEDICINAL by James A. Duke. 1988. Hardcover, PHYTOCHEMICAL RESOURCES FOR FIELD GUIDE TO VENOMOUS 1 MINTS (AROMATHEMATICS) PHYTo 677 pp. $375. #B029 MEDICINE AND AGRICULTURE ANIMALS & POISONOUS PLANTS CHEMICAl$ AND BI OLOGICAL ACTIVITIES HANDBOOK OF NONPRESCRIPTION Ed. By Herbert Nigg and David Seigler. by Steven Foster ond Roger Coros. 1994. 1992. Hardcover, 445 pp. $162. #B138 by Stephen Beckstrom-Sternberg and James Softcover, 244 pp. $18. #B097 DRUGS AND NONPRESCRIPTION A. Duke. 1996. Hardcover, 298 pp. PRODUCTS: FORMULATIONS AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF MEDICINAL $159.95 . #8239 FLAXSEED IN HUMAN NUTRITION FEATURES '96-97 (2 volume set) 11th PLANTS Ed. by John Arnoson, Rachel Moto CAMPOTOTHECA ACUMINATA Ed. by S. Cunnane ond l. Thompson. 1997. edition. 1996. Hardcover (Vol.l ). 77 4 pp. ond John Romeo. 1995. Hardcover, 372 pp. Hardcover, 400 pp. $95. #B277 DECAISNE, XI SHU: APROMISING ANTI· Softcover, (Vol. 2). 447 pp. $150./set. $105.00. #Bl72 TUMOR AND ANTI.VIRAL TREE FOR THE 21ST FLORA EUROPAEA, VOLUME 1: #B251 PLANT ALKALOIDS: AGUIDE TO THEIR CENTURY by Shiyou Uand Kent Adair. 1994. PSILOTACAE TO PLATANACEAE HANDBOOK Of PHYTOCHEMICAL DISCOVERY AND DISTRIBUTION Hardcover, 249 pp. $45. #8145 Second Edition, Ed. by T. G. Tutin. 1994. CONSTITUENTS OF GRASS, HERBS, by Robert Roffauf. 1996. Hardcover, THE CHALLENGES Hardcover, 581 pp. $215. #8078 AND OTHER ECONOMIC PLANTS 298 pp. $69.95 . #8242 OF THE 21ST CENTURY FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, VOL 16 by James Duke. 1992. Hardcover, PLANTS AND PEOPLEOF THE Ed. by Bailey, Whitehead, Proctor ond Kyle. Ed. by Orchard ond McCarthy. 1995. 654 pp. $260. #B026 GOLDEN TRIANGLHTHNOBOTANY OF Hardcover, 522 pp. $79.95. #B223 1995. Softcover, 645 pp. $49.95. #8199 SALE 25% OFF: NOW $11.21 TH EHILL TRIBES OF NORTHERN THAILAND CONSUMING HABITS by Edward F. Anderson. 1993. Hardcover, Ed. by Jordon Goodman by Poullovejoy. 279 pp. $69.95#B043 1995. Hardcover, 244 pp. $60. #Bl52 RHUBARB: DATABASE OF BIOLOGICALLY THE WONDROUS DRUG HUMAN MEDICINAL by Clifford Foust. 1992. ACTIVE PHYTOCHEMICALS AND FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA THEIR ACTIVITIES AGENTS FROM PLANTS Hardcover, 371 pp. $4 9. 50. #B167 NORTH OF MEXICO Ed. by A. Douglas Kinghorn ond Manuel F. For IBM(PC compatibles, Word Perrect 5.1 Ed. by Floroo f North America Editorial LA SELVA: ECOLOGY AND NATURAL required). $260. #B028 Balandrin. 1993. Hardcover, 356 pp. HISTORY OF ANEOTROPICAL RAIN FOREST Committee. 1993. $98.00. #B020 DATABASE OF PHYTOCHEMICAL Vall : Introduction. Hardcover, 372 pp. Ed. by l. McDade, K. Bowo, H. Hespenheide ISLANDS, PLANTS, AND CONSTITUENTS OF GRASS, HERBS, $95.#B037 ond G. Hartshorn. 1994. Softcover, 486 pp. POLYNESIANS- $28.95. #B261 AND OTHER ECONOMIC PLANTS Vol 2: Pteridophytes ond Gymnosperms. AN INTRODU OION TO POLYNESIAN For IBM (PC compatibles, Word Perrect 5.1 Hardcover, 475 pp. $95. #B038 ETHN OBOTANY Ed. by Poul Alan Cox ond required) . $260. #B026A Vol 3: 1997. Hardcover, 616 pp. $85. Sondra Anne Banack. 1991 . Hardcover. DISCOVERING WILD PLANTS: #B038B 228 pp. $34.95 . #B042 AlASKA, WESTERN CANADA, FLOWERING PLANTS OF THE THE MUSHROOM CULTIVATOR THE NORTHWEST by Janice Schofield. WORLD by V. H. Heywood. 1993. by Poul Stomets and J. S. Chilton. 1983. 1989. B/W ill us. Softcover, 354 pp. Hardcover, 335 pp. $65. #B089 TAXOL~ SCIENCE AN D Softcover, 413 pp. $29.95.#B237 APPLICATIONS $32.95. #B109 FOOTPRINTS OF THE FOREST by Ed. by Matthew Suffness. 1995. Hardcover, DRUGS AND NARCOTICS William Bolee. 1993. Hardcover. 396pp. 426 pp. $159.95 . #Bl42 IN HISTORY $72. #Bll 0 Ed. by Roy Porter and Mikulos Teich. 1995. GROWING GOURMET THAI MEDICINAL PLANTS Softcover, 227 pp. $19.95. #B153 AND MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS RECOMMENDED FOR PRIMARY EATING ON THE WILD SIDE: by Poul Stomets. 1993. Softcover, 552 pp. HEALTHCARE SYSTEM TH EPHARMACOLOGIC, ECOLOGIC, AND $39.95. #B238 Ed . by N.R. Farnsworth ond N. SOC IAl IMPliCATIONS OF USING NON GUIDE TO FLOWERING NATURAL PRODUCTS Bunyop rop hotsoro. 1992. Hard cover, CULTIGENTS by Nino Elkin. 1994. Hardcover, PLANT FAMILIES 2nd Edition by Rophoellkan. 1991 . 402 pp. $89. #B02 1 305 pp. $41.#B118 by Wendy Zomlefer. 1994. Hardcover, Hardcover, 360 pp. $69. #B116 TIBETAN MEDICAL PAINTINGS ECONOMIC AND MEDICINAL 430 pp. $55. #Bl28 OPIUM POPPY: BOTANY, CHEMISTRY Ed. by Yuri Porfionovitch, Gyurme Dorje, and PLANT RESEARCH VOL 6 HANDBOOK OF AFRICAN AND PHARMACOLOGY Femand Meyer. Two volumes. 1992. Ed. by Hildebert Wagner ond Norman MEDICINAL PLANTS by l. D. Kapoor. 1995. Hardcover, Hardcover, Slipcosed, 505 pp. $195. #8034 Farnsworth. 1994. Hardcover, by Maurice M. lwu. 1990. Hardcover, 326 pp. $49.95 . #8141 . Softcover, 326 THE USEFUL WILD PLANTS OF Vol. 6: 394 pp. $94. #8146 435 pp. $149. #B025 pp.19.95. #B141S TEXAS, THE SOUTHEASTERN AND ETHNOBOTANY AND THE HANDBOOK OF ONE HUNDRED AND SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES, SEARCH FOR NEW DRUGS ALTERNATIVE CASH CROPS ONE BOTANISTS by Duane lsely. 1994. THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND Cibo Foundation Symposium 185. 1994. by James Duke & Judith duCellier. 1993. Hardcover, 358 pp. $44.95. #B119 NORTHERN MEXICO VOL I Hardcover, 280 pp. S128 .10. #B095 Hardcover, 536 pp. $179. #B04 5 ONE RIVER: EXPLORATIONS by Scooter Cheothom, Marshall Johnston, ETHNOBOTANY: PRINCIPLES AND HANDBOOK Of ARABIAN AND DISCOVERIES IN THE ond lynn Marshall. 1995. Hardcover, S125 . APPLICATIONS by C.M. Cotton. 1996. MEDICINAL PLANTS AMAZON RAIN FOREST by Wode #8135 Hardcover, 424 pp. $110. #8216 by Shohino Ghozonfor. 1994. Hardcover, Dovis. 1996. Hardcover, 537 pp. VALUING LOCAL KNOWLEDGE 265 pp. $139.95 . #B092 $27.50. #B206 Ed . by S. Brush and D. Stobinsky. 1996. Softcover, 337 pp. $30. #8195 HANDBOOK OF AYURVEDIC PEPPERS: THE DOMESTICATED MEDICINAL PLANTS CAPSICUMS THE YEW TREE, by l. D. Kapoor. 1990. Hardcover, 416 pp. by Jeon Andrews. 1995. 2nd ed. Hard A THOUSAND WHISPERS $315. #B023 cover, 186 pp. $65. #B166 by Hoi Hartzell, Jr. 1991 . Softcover, 319 pp. $19.95. #B066 Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-71 05; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form Questions c all512/926-4900; e-mail: custser [email protected] 29 HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 EXCLUSIVE LITERATURE Botanical Booklet Series The eight-page booklets in this series have reproductions of each plant ond provide concise, authoritative, ond occurote information on major medicinal plants. Individually priced at # 301 Echinoceo # 308 American Ginseng # 302 Siberian Ginseng # 309 Goldenseal $100 # 303 Asian Ginseng # 31 0 Feverfew # 304 Ginkgo # 311 Garlic All14 • Item #300 # 305 Milk Thistle # 312 Valerian # 306 Peppermint # 313 St.Johns Wort $1150 # 307 Chomomiles # 314 Black Cohosh Note: Full set included in consume r Herbal Information Packet. Retailers: Coli us about placing these booklets in your store for your customers' benefit. Complimentary rock included . 3rdParty Literature CONSUMER HERBAL INFORMATION PACKET NOW AVAILABLE! Our Third Party literature consumer pockoge produced by the American Botanical Council. Includes oll14 of the Botanical Booklet series, Research Review #1: Hawthorn, Melissa, Sow Palmetto and Ginkgo; Research Review #2: Garlic, Echinoceo Review; Herb ond Herb Health Series #1: Common Herbs, Kovo: An JZeference Overview, Herb Reference Guide, The Booming Guide U.S. Botanical Market ond APictorial History of Herbs in Medicine ond Pharmacy. Item #5400 Credit card holders order toll free 800/373-7105; fax 512/926-2345 or see page 31 for order form 30 Questions call 512/926-4900; e-mail: [email protected] HERBAL EDUCATION CATALOG SPRING/SUMMER 1999 GIFT CERTIFICATES •.. for the person who is hard to buy for.•• Send us the name, address and phone number of the recipient along with a check or MasterCard or Visa number for the amount of the gift to the address on the order form below, and we'll do the rest. We will send them a lovely card with any message you specify along with the gift certificate, and they can use it for anything in our catalog. ORDER FORM Support the important educational and research work of the American Botanical Council Please consider making a tax deductible giN along with your order. We need your help to continue our exciting projects and activities. 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The Complete German Commission E Monographs-Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines: Blumenthal, Busse, Goldberg, Hall, Riggins and Rister, eds., Klein and Rister, trans. (I) 2. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions: Brinker (5) 6. Herbal Medicine: Weiss (back after a short absence) 3. Botanical Safety Handbook: McGuffin, Hobbs, Upton and 7. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine: Bartram (back after a Goldberg (4) short absence) 4. Rational Phytotherapy: Schulz, Hansel and Tyler (8) 8. Herbs for Your Health : Foster (3) 5. Herbal Medicines:A Guide for Health-Care Professionals: 9. Cancer and Natural Medicine : Boik (I 0) Newaii,Anderson and Phillipson (back after a short I O.British Herbal Pharmacopoeia: British Herbal Medicine absence) Association (9) All available from this catalog! See pages 12-29, order form page 31. F====i American Botanical Council -?'J'I!II~- P.O. Box 144345 U.S. Postage Austin, TX 787 14-4345 Paid 512/926-4900 Non-Profit Org. www.herbalgram.org Permit No. 1330 l::;===::!::'!~:::::l [email protected] Austin, Texas M~an Medicine Adventure Belize and Tikal (Guatemala) • Feb. 12·19,' Explore ~e natural history of healing in~e magnincent rainforests, ree~ , and ancient Mate ruins located in~e beautiful Caribbean coastal country of Belize. The diversi~ of its people, natural resources, habitats, and archeological sites form the backdrop for this exciting expedition experience. Background photo by Joan Weingordt, African Healing Expecli~on and Phannacy on Safari 1997 Safari for Health Care Professionals photo conies! participant South Africa; Accredited Field Workshop • June 30-July 13, '00 Embark on this preceden~setting 15-day expedition to pos~parthe i d South Africa. Witness and experience the local interpretation of heal~care, ~e natur al environment and ~e unique healing wisdom of ~e indigenous people. • • ' Experience ~e incredib~ rich biodiver- si~ and sensory ~ of ~a-tropical plants, beautiful flowers, and exonc wildlife of the rainforest. Ascend MI 00 feet Into ~e rainforest canopy and vis~ the garden apo~eca ry of local shaman Don Antonio Montero. Vo Dec. 27Jon 2, '99 /'00 Medical MiHennium Belize Jan. 22-29, '()() lnBnalional Health Amazon Feb. 5-13, '00 PerspecliYes in Medicine Andes/Machu Picchu June 30-July 13, '00 International Hea l ~ Sou~ Africa Sept. 2-9, '00 Perspec;tles inMedicine Alaska October '00 Perspectives in Healing Amazon/ Andes February '01 lnfertili~ &Reproduction South America *ACPE Credits Available Accredited workshops and field excursions, designed to foster an appreciation for and an understanding of ~e importance of medicinal plants, will be led at each location by prominent experts in~e fields of phytomedicine, pharma cognosy, e~nobotanical and e~nobiomedicinal research, including Mark Blumen~al, Executive Director of ~e American Botanical Council, and James A Duke, Ph.D. , retired botanist ~om ~e USDA. These workshops can provide pharmacists wi~ ~e ACPE approved CE credits. Heitiii ecl1c1ne - Expanded Co mission E Monograp .s This new and updated reference is based on the origina~ renowned Commission Etranslation by the American Botanical Council • New in-depth overview with clinical research Now Available! • Expanded sections on Shipping in December chemistry and pharmacology • More on dosage S 9S and administration • Extensive references Plus Shipping • Full color photos Item #B 181 E llso available on CD ROM "The most authoritative, comprehensive, and affordable guide for anybody who 5 wonts to use herbal remedies wisely and safely."- Jean Carper, Best-selling 49~ author of Miracle Cures and columnist for USA Weekend Credit card holders, order toll free 800/373-7105, fax 512/926-2345, or email: [email protected] Visit our Web site: www.herbalgram.org F======l P. O. Box 144345 Non-Profit Org. 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