12196 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 24, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

SURVEY OF TREMPEALEAU space station has been designed. Federal Mr. Speaker, the Committee on Ways and COUNTY ON THREE TOPICS OF dollars have been committed to this project. Means and the entire Congress owe a debt of NATIONAL INTEREST TAKEN Do you agree or disagree that the U.S. gratitude to Carole for her fine work. We will should be spending more money on the BY MEMBERS OF THE EIGHTH­ NASA program? miss her and we wish her all the best. GRADE CLASS OF THE BLAIR Percent JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Strongly agree...... 10 Agree...... 26 HON. STEVE GUNDERSON Undecided ...... 30 VISITING NURSE ASSOCIATIONS OF WISCONSIN Disagree...... 28 WEEK Strongly disagree...... 6 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Speaker, I want to finish by commend­ Monday, May 23, 1988 ing these bright young students and all of HON. JOEL HEFLEY Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Speaker, all of us those constituents whose efforts help us to OF COLORADO here in Congress are fully aware of the impor­ represent those we serve. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tance of keeping in touch with our constitu­ Tuesday, May 24, 1988 ents. With frequent trips to our districts, meet­ TRIBUTE TO CAROLE Mr. HEFLEY. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to ing with visitors from back home, and the daily MeGETTRICK mail, a great deal of our time and effort is in­ join my colleague MARY ROSE 0AKAR today in vested in learning how to better represent introducing a resolution designating February those we serve. Without that knowledge, it HON. DAN ROSTENKOWSKI 19-February 25, 1989, as "National Visiting would be impossible to do our jobs. OF ILLINOIS Nurse Associations Week." That is why I am pleased to submit to my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At a time when Congress and the public are colleagues the results of surveys taken by Tuesday, May 24, 1988 becoming increasingly aware of the benefits three eighth-grade students from the Blair of home health care, it seems appropriate to Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is honor those who were instrumental in estab­ Junior High School in Blair, WI. Through pro­ with a great deal of sadness that I bring to the lishing this system-the visiting nurse associa­ cedures similar to those used by professional attention of my colleagues the retirement of tions. pollsters, Matt Larson, Karla Ausdreau, and one of the finest staff persons ever to serve Many of my colleagues may recall that simi­ Amy Appel have compiled data on the views on Capitol Hill. On May 31, 1988, Carole lar legislation was passed in the last session of their Trempealeau County neighbors re­ McGettrick will be leaving the Hill after more of Congress, and I encourage you to do so garding United States protection of Kuwaiti oil than 25 years of distinguished service. again this year. When the previous proclama­ tankers, whether or not Olympic athletes Carole first came to Washington from her tion was signed by the President, it marked should be paid, and if the United States native Missouri to join the staff of Congress­ the first time that visiting nurse associations should spend more money on the NASA pro­ man Frank Karsten. In January of 1969, she had received the public recognition they de­ gram. joined the staff of the Committee on Ways served after more than a century of service to I want to commend these students for their and Means, where she has served in a variety millions of Americans. hard work and imagination in preparing and of positions. In 1974, when subcommittees executing these surveys. I know their efforts were first established in the committee, she By proclaiming National Visiting Nurse As­ have already helped me represent the Third came to the Subcommittee on Health, which I sociations Week, we pay tribute to the pio­ District more effectively, and I'm confident chaired. In 1979, I asked her to come with me neers in public health who instituted home that they will also help my colleagues assess when I assumed the chair of the Subcommit­ care 102 years ago. And we demonstrate our the views of rural America more accurately. tee on Select Revenue Measures. And in thanks to the thousands of women and men The results: 1981, she joined the full committee staff. who have followed in their footsteps, bringing LARSON. Since early August 1987 the U.S. Carole is the institutional memory of the care to infants, teenagers, the middle aged, Navy has 20,000 men and 25 ships in the committee. Over the years, her knowledge of the elderly, the disabled, and the infirm. These Persian Gulf. Do you agree or disagree that committee procedure and House rules has as­ home health care professionals tirelessly have the U.S. Navy should protect Kuwaiti oil sured the smooth transmittal of legislation carried out the VNA mission of providing tankers? from our subcommittees, to the full commit­ home health care services to everyone who Percent tee, to the Rules Committee and on to the needs it, regardless of ability to pay. Strongly agree...... 18 House floor. At one time or another, every From their origins in Buffalo, NY, where a Agree...... 50 home health care nurses program was found­ Undecided...... 16 staff person on the committee has come to Disagree...... 16 her desk with the plaintive cry, "How do I do ed by a society matron with funds collected Strongly disagree...... 0 this?" And Carole has always known what to from her Sunday School class, visiting nurse AusnREAU. Other countries allow their do. associations have expanded to 504 organiza­ Olympic athletes to treat their training as a Carole's love for the committee is also re­ tions serving urban and rural communities in job by providing them with housing and flected in the work she has done overseeing 47 States. Today, VNA skilled nurses, thera­ living expenses. Do you agree or disagree the restoration of the committee's meeting pists, and other health professionals provide J that the U.S. should also provide housing rooms. The Committee on Ways and Means is medical care, physical, speech, and occupa­ and living expenses? the longest standing committee in the House. tional therapy, rehabilitation services, prenatal Percent Carole's efforts have been instrumental in pre­ and postpartum care, nutritional counseling, Strongly agree...... 12 serving the history of the committee. and other health-related services, as needed, Agree...... 22 to nearly 1 million home-bound patients. Undecided ...... 36 I want to pay tribute to Carole's family as Disagree...... 18 well. Her husband, Tom, and her three chil­ In addition, volunteers from each community Strongly disagree...... 12 dren, Molly, Tommy, and Kate, showed a assist the VNA's by delivering Meals-on­ APPEL. Recently NASA's administrator, wealth of patience over the years on those Wheels to patients, reading to them, running James Fletcher has proposed to the White many late nights when Carole stayed to work errands, and generally serving as patients' House a plan for a space station launched on a conference committee or make sure we companions. The volunteers help cheer and by the U.S. Already an unmanned mini- filed a bill on time. comfort patients and try to make chronic and

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. May 24, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12197 acute illnesses more bearable. Volunteers immunizing the developing children. VNA's co­ embroidery for all the parts of their costumes. also provide respite for frequently overbur­ ordinated social and health care for needy These costumes have been on display at the dened family members. families and individuals. Visiting nurses provid­ American Museum of Natural History. Their communities also assist VNA's finan­ ed, and continue to provide, home health care I am glad to honor the Polish American Folk cially, either through direct contributions or services to immigrants and to virtually every Dance Co., which is dedicated to monitoring through local foundations and charities. Medi­ ethnic group and culture in the United States. their Polish culture and traditions and have cal professionals oversee the quality of VNA From the beginning, visiting nurses have played an extensive role in the preservation of programs and to ensure that patients who been activists, who have recognized that seri­ Poland's cultural treasures. The company's ef­ need care receive it. It is this strong communi­ ous health problems required bold solution. forts are a part of what continues to make ty support, both fiscal and physical-in the These so-called foot soldiers in the struggle America great through its diversity of culture. form of volunteers-coupled with the commit­ for improved public health continue to operate ment to quality care for anyone in need, that in the forefront of home medical care. Visiting distinguish the visiting nurse associations from nurse associations were among the first orga­ OMNIBUS TRADE BILL other health care organizations. nizations to provide physical therapy, diagnos­ Frequently we hear the expression that pa­ tic tests, and durable medical equipment to HON. DOUG BEREUTER tients are being sent home "quicker and the disabled in their homes. They were one of OF NEBRASKA sicker" as our hospitals cope with the need to the first groups to recognize the home care hold down medical care costs. Because this is needs of AIDS victims. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a trend that is bound to continue, and be­ Visiting nurse associations were on the Tuesday, May 24, 1988 cause our population is aging, the need for leading edge of home intravenous therapy Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, I want to home care will continue to grow. As we in and respiratory care. Today they continue to commend to my colleagues a recent editorial Congress struggle with ways to meet this lead the way in maternal child care, including on the omnibus trade bill carried in the Jour­ need, I hope that we will once again thank early maternity discharge and home photo­ nal of Commerce. The article, "How Laws Are those selfless health care professionals and therapy. In some cities, VNA's also have de­ Made", correctly points out that the process community supporters of the visiting nurse as­ veloped special shelters where the homeless, of making laws is not simple. In the case of sociations who have been working on this drug addicts, and other unfortunate people the trade bill it was an extremely complex and problem for so many years. can receive the kind of home care that other­ cumbersome procedure lasting some 3 years, wise would not be available to them. involving 17 subconferences and almost 200 Perhaps because visiting nurse associations INTRODUCTION OF NATIONAL Congressmen. What emerged from that proc­ have been composed primarily of women, or ess is a moderate, respectable bill which indi­ VISITING NURSE ASSOCIA- perhaps because they worked in homes, out TIONS WEEK cates to the world that we are serious about of the limelight, the VNA's have not received reducing our trade deficit and that we will im­ the public recognition and thanks that they de­ plement the principle of reciprocity in market HON. MARY ROSE OAKAR serve. By naming February 19-February 25 as access. The law contains numerous provisions OF OHIO National Visiting Nurse Associations Week, we to help us accomplish these goals. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can pay tribute to the efforts of the visiting The bill is not perfect but it does give us Tuesday, May 24, 1988 nurses and their contributions to our public significant impetus to move forward. It pro­ health. This proclamation recognizes not only Ms. OAKAR. Mr. Speaker, it is with great vides the basis upon which to act in address­ the medical professionals of the VNA's, but ing our trade deficit. It sends a signal to our pleasure that I join my colleague, Mr. HEFLEY, also the volunteers in each community who in introducing the resolution naming February trading partners that we are serious. It is enable the visiting nurse associations to carry indeed unfortunate that after such a long 19-February 25, 1989, as "National Visiting out their vital mission. Nurse Associations Week." process in which broad consensus was Judy Garland's comment as Dorothy in the reached, a relatively unimportant provision has "Wizard of Oz"-"There's no place like A TRIBUTE TO THE POLISH so totally diverted us from our goal. Without home" -has special meaning for those pa­ AMERICAN FOLK DANCE CO. this bill, we have no charter for action and tients who have been nursed back to health, appear to lack resolve. It should become law. received physical or occupational therapy, or HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ [From the Journal of Commerce, May 20, 19881 been allowed to die with quiet dignity in the OF NEW YORK How LAws ARE MADE security and comfort of their own homes. Yet, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES many patients would not be able to choose REMEMBER READING THOSE DRY the preferred option of home care if it were Tuesday, May 24, 1988 TOMES in school about how laws are made? not for the community based, nonprofit visting Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, I wish to pay The process looks so simple. A bill starts in nurse associations. The VNA's are the primary tribute to the Polish American Folk Dance Co. committee, is marked up, sent to the floor, home care providers who are committed to that is celebrating its 50th anniversary. This amended and, following the arrows, goes to the other house for similar consideration. assisting people with low and fixed incomes­ fine organization was established in 1938 by Differences are reconciled in a conference those who all too often are most in need of Frances Wesolowska to preserve Polish folk committee, which sends the final bill to the home care and can least afford it. dance forms and songs among Americans of president. I am sure that many of my colleagues have Polish descent. This may be mundane stuff, but after the examples within their own districts, perhaps The Polish American Folk Dance Co., has six-month-long House-Senate conference on even within their own families, of people who participated in five World Festivals of Polish the trade bill, it has come to sound like fic­ turned to the visiting nurse associations for Folk Dance in Rzeszou, Poland, where it re­ tion. The final chapter may be written as home health care assistance. ceived several awards. In 1979, the company early as today, when President Reagan vetos the bill. Visiting nurse associations have made a received its highest honor-the Oskar Kolberg The cumbersome way in which Congress considerable contribution to the health of this Award-for its work in researching and pre­ deviated from the textbook process, creat­ country over the past 1oo years. They have senting Polish folk culture to American audi­ ing a conference committee involving 200 shown patients and their families, whether in ences. members of Congress representing 23 stand­ inner city slums or migrant camps, how to In 1981, Mr. Stanley Pelc, the company's di­ ing committees, did as much as anything to reduce the spread of germs through sanitary rector, received the Order of the Merit of Cul­ determine the conclusion. Because so many living conditions. They have taught new moth­ ture for propagating Polish culture in the committees were involved, the usual rules ers good nutrition and prepared wholesome United States. and procedures flew out the window. As a result, a generally good bill will fail on one meals for the elderly homebound. For many The company is also well-versed in Polish provision of marginal importance, a loosely years, they guaranteed the survival of infants handicrafts, and its members have demon­ written section that will require some com­ from impoverished families, first by furnishing strated their abilities by doing the actual panies to give some workers 60 days' notifi­ them with a steady supply of milk, and then by sewing, crocheting, lacemaking, beadwork and cation that they will lose their jobs. 12198 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 24, 1988 The unhappy history of the Omnibus minuses. The president should thank his ervation of white minority privilege. In an Trade Bill dates back to 1985, when the ad­ lucky stars that although the process didn't important sense, South African society ministration refused to respond to the follow the book, the product came out economy operates as one vast slave planta­ public clamor for action on trade by offer­ almost as well as if it had. tion. Blacks have little control over their ing legislation. Members of Congress took own destinies. They cannot freely determine the initiative, and "trade" legislation quick­ neither where they live nor the conditions ly became "competitiveness" legislation as under which they work. They have no im­ provisions concerning tariffs and unfair im­ CONGRESSMAN WOLPE'S "SOUTH portance to the white minority except as a ports were packaged with job-training AFRICA: A CASE FOR SANCTIONS" pool of cheap labor required to keep South schemes, education programs, changes in African mines and economy going and the farm subsidies and calls for closer coopera­ white minority prospering. tion to stabilize exchange rates. The admin­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL That is why anti-sanctions advertisements stration responded with its own competitive­ OF NEW YORK such as the one sponsored by the South Af­ ness program, which covered an equally IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rican Business Council that appeared re­ wide array of matters. A bill limited solely Tuesday, May 24, 1988 cently in the Washington Post-in which a to trade was never under serious consider­ picture of a zebra was presented with a cap­ ation. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I would like to tion that read, "Shoot it in the White and As with all major bills, this one gathered share with you an article from the distin­ the Black dies with it" -can only be charac­ additional moss as it rolled along. The struc­ guished gentleman, Mr. WOLPE, on the case terized as obscene. What that ad reveals is ture of the conference committee had much that some of the principal beneficiaries of to do with the outcome. The plant-closings for economic sanctions in South Africa. Mr. WOLPE's case should illustrate to us all the apartheid, the white South African business provision, for example, was handled in Sub­ interests for whom apartheid has been so conference Eight Texas, and Senate Majority ity. Clearly increased economic pressure Leader Robert Byrd, D-W.Va., mulled for an active stance against the racial oppression against apartheid will mean economic costs several weeks the prospect of dropping the and violations of human rights that are taking for the black population. But, as Bishop plant-closings provision. Under normal cir­ place in South Africa, and throughout the Tutu, Rev. Boesak, and key South African cumstances, a measure to which both southern African region. We cannot preach trade union leaders have repeatedly stated, houses agree is supposed to be part of any racial harmony at home, and practice some­ the short-term costs of economic sanctions final legislation. thing very different abroad. will be far less than the long-term costs-in A compromise was within the grasp of terms not only of economic hardship but of congressional leaders and the administra­ In the upcoming weeks, we, the Congress, will have a chance to vote on a very important loss of lives-of a protracted violent libera­ tion, but both sides dropped the ball. The tion struggle. And the only way that this administration fumbled when Treasury Sec­ piece of legislation, H.R. 1580. This bill can kind of struggle can be averted is by a deci­ retary James A. Baker III and U.S. Trade point us in the right direction toward making sion of the white minority to abandon Representative Clayton Yeutter insisted the crucial link between our rhetoric and our apartheid and to negotiate with the black that the plant-closings provision had to go foreign policy. before there could be serious negotiations majority the transition to a new and demo­ between the administration and Congress. With this in mind, I would like to include the cratic political order. This tough stance hardened congressional following by our distinguished colleague from Whatever the costs of sanctions to the resistance to the point that when Mr. Baker Michigan, Mr. WOLPE: black majority, the costs for the privileged white minority will be far greater-and it is and Mr. Yeutter finally gave a "reasonable SOUTH AFRICA: THE CASE FOR SANCTIONS assurance" that the president would sign a precisely for this reason that the South Af­ (By Howard Wolpe, Chairman, rican government and business community bill if limits on plants closings and layoffs Subcommittee on Africa, May 12, 1988) were dropped, it was too late. A group of are so determined to defeat this effort to Midwestern congressmen, headed by Rep. There is a terrible tragedy in the making impose new sanctions. The harsh reality is John Dingell, D-Mich., warned flatly that in South Africa. A blood-bath looms-and that no regime-in the history of the they would oppose such a bill. Once the all of us are threatened by its consequences. world-has ever voluntarily relinquished labor movement made it very clear that it The human costs of a prolonged and violent power, and there is no reason to believe that would rather have an election issue than a struggle in South Africa are incalculable the white minority of South Africa is some­ trade bill, Rep. Wright and Sen. Byrd decid­ both in terms of treasure and of lives-black how unique in this respect. The current ed the plant-closings provision would and white-that it will consume. And the regime will give up its monopoly of power­ remain. struggle for liberation in South Africa will will abandon apartheid and sit down to ne­ But this was still not the end of the story. increasingly affect the United States and gotiate a new democratic political system After supposedly "final" passage by both the Western World. We cannot run and we with the country's black majority-only houses, the weighty bill lay around the Cap­ cannot hide from the struggle or its conse­ when it concludes it has more to lose than itol for two weeks while Congress debated quences. All of our rationalizations for inac­ to gain by trying to hold on to the apartheid "technical corrections." As all trade bill fans tion will ring increasingly hollow and will system. Anything we in the United States or know, the minor technical matters up for only fuel racial division and conflict in the international community do that signals further consideration included substantive America and throughout the world. For it is to the white minority that it can continue changes in the law concerning the export of the doctrine of white supremacy-of to operate as a totalitarian, repressive state petroleum products from Alaska. That, too, racism-that provides the only reason and without fundamental economic costs and is a departure from standard procedure. justification for the apartheid regime. deepening international isolation will only And the political science texts notwith­ People of color understand that very clear­ prolong the struggle. That, in turn, will standing, somehow it required 16 days from ly-whether they live in America, in Africa, mean increased polarization inside South the time the House and Senate voted their or elsewhere. And they also see through­ Africa, much greater violence and blood­ approval until the bill ended up on Presi­ just as clearly-all of the subterfuges that shed, and far greater risks for the United dent Reagan's desk. are devised to rationalize the accommoda­ States and the Western world. We have Yet after watching and participating in tion that the United States, the Western vital interests in southern Africa, and wid­ this unedifying spectacle, administration of­ World, and-in its cartel-like relationship ening regional conflict and instability will ficials still fancy the notion that a better, with the South African diamond industry­ imperil those interests. That is why we need simpler trade bill will emerge this year if even the Soviet Union has made with the now, rather than later, to do everything we Mr. Reagan wields his veto. apartheid regime. can to help create the conditions for region­ Such an outcome is hard to imagine. No The simple truth of the matter is that al peace and stability. one on Capitol Hill is prepared to consider apartheid exists because it is enormously One argument that is often advanced by another major trade bill this year. profitable to South Africa's ruling white mi­ the opponents of sanctions is that there is Almost despite itself, Congress has pro­ nority. All of the elements of the apartheid no certainty that the end of apartheid will duced a bill whose pluses far outweigh its system contribute to one objective: the pres- mean the beginning of democracy in South May 24, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12199 Africa, that it could just as easily herald the But there are other corporate leaders profitability of their companies in South emergence of a radical and equally repres­ whose opposition to sanctions is motivated Africa declined precipitously, others be­ sive black regime. To this it must be said not by profit consideration but by their gen­ cause of their concern about the domestic that there are no guarantees as to the uine conviction that their presence in South consequences of their continued involve­ future. A new dictatorship could in fact suc­ Africa represents a constructive force for ment in South Africa, and still others be­ ceed the current dictatorship. But surely change. These corporate leaders feel a deep cause they concluded that their presence in that possibility does not justify our accomo­ sense of loyalty to their South African em­ South Africa was doing more to sustain dation to the tyranny of the moment. More­ ployees, and fear that disinvestment will than to end apartheid. This voluntary disin­ over, it is clear that the more prolonged the cause great hardship-particularly to their vestment, together with the limited econom­ struggle to topple the apartheid regime the black workers. They argue that the in­ ic sanctions that have been imposed, has more violent and polarized the conflict will creased repression in South Africa is evi­ had a real impact on the South African become, and the less likely it will be that we dence of the failure of economic sanctions, economy and political system. Lest this be will see the emergence, in a post-apartheid that the United States and the internation­ in doubt, listen to these words of Gerhart South Africa, of a multi-racial and demo­ al community should "back off," and that deKock, Governor of the South Africa Re­ cratic political system. We simply cannot the American business community should serve Bank, who on September 11, 1987 have it both ways: we cannot bemoan the stay involved in South Africa and seek to stated, spread of Communist or other radical influ­ work for change from within. "The basic underlying problems that ences within the liberation movements of The arguments made by this latter group threaten to isolate us from the rest of the southern Africa and then be unwilling to of sanctions opponents cannot be casually world have not yet been solved. The outflow identify the United States, unambiguously, dismissed. There is no question that several of capital, the emigration of skilled people, with these liberation struggles. whether America ited sanctions against South Africa. would have resisted the application of sanc­ Finally, it must be emphasized that Amer­ sian Gulf firefight, Members of Congress were tions for so long if the racial composition in ican action, even if taken alone, can have consulted beforehand and briefed on the South Africa had been reversed, and it had major impact on South Africa. That is be­ President's plan to retaliate. The administra­ been a black minority imposing the horren­ cause the apartheid regime continues to tion received broad bipartisan support and ap­ dously dehumanizing apartheid system over look to the United States and Great Britain proval. Thus far, the Members of Congress a white majority. They note our enthusiasm as the ultimate guarantors of apartheid, as the two countries most likely to resist effec­ have been inconsistent in their support of the for sanctions elsewhere in the world- such Presider.t's actions to keep the peace in the as those imposed against the Soviet Union, tive action against the apartheid minority Cuba, Nicaragua, Libya, and most recently, regime. That may not have been our inten­ gulf. Now is the time in which they can make Panama-and they find America's approach tion these past several years. But that has a firm commitment to put an end to Iranian to South Africa terribly inconsistent. And been the clear consequence of the continu­ terrorism and seek peace for the world. they note how even our language is altered ing contradition between our rhetorical con­ In closing, let us remember that war does to describe the South African situation: for demnations of apartheid and our acceptance not, and cannot, prove which side is right, but example, we see the frequent characteriza­ of a "business as usual" posture toward only which side is stronger. As a word to the tion of the ANC as comprised of " terrorists" South Africa. It is time to bring our rhetoric and our policy into synch. It is time that Ayatollah, if he continues to push the United instead of "freedom fighters." And they are States, he unfortunately will find the answer to bemused by the sudden emergence of Amer­ America truly commit itself to the struggle icans as the apostles of non-violence, when against apartheid. It is not only American which side is stronger. I have included two the United States has been hardly reluctant values that are at stake. It is also a question outstanding articles which I feel are must to support a military response in Afghani­ of American national interests in all of reading for my colleagues. The articles follow: Africa. stan, in Nicaragua or in Libya. But perhaps [From the Washington Times, May 4, 1988] the most telling commentary, in the eyes of BEYOND TIT-FOR-TAT IN THE GULF? these observers, is the frequent use by IRAN: YOU HAVE BEEN GIVEN American opponents of sanctions of the ar­ (By Patrick Buchanan) gument that "sanctions will hurt the very NOTICE people we seek to help"-as if the earlier ap­ Following the U.S. naval engagement in plications of sanctions didn't hurt the Nica­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE the Persian Gulf, I volunteered, on a televi­ raguans or the Panamanians or the Libyans. sion show, that while the administration OF ILLINOIS had sought only the destruction of two oil Indeed, what is startling is how unaware we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Americans often are of our inconsistency, or platforms in retaliation for the mining of of the unconscious biases that impair our Tuesday, May 24, 1988 the Samuel B. Roberts, it was the U.S. Navy objectivity and result in flawed policy, which had exacted full retribution. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I feel pity toward Following that comment, I was contacted, policy that does violence to both American Iran as I look back upon the last few weeks of values and American national interests. and corrected, by what might be called an Nowhere is the loss of objectivity more ap­ renewed action in the Persian Gulf. Iran, obvi­ "unimpeachable" source in the White parent than in our failure to recognize the ously, has no concept of the military ability of House, who volunteered, graciously, that my extent to which" the conflict and instability not only our great country but the members of mistake was due to not having "all the generated by apartheid threatens American the NATO alliance. We have put up with years facts." Here, then, is the corrected version: interests not only in South Africa itself but of the Ayatollah's harassment of gulf shipping. While several Democrats consulted by the president did indeed urge that retaliation be throughout the region of southern Africa. We have stood by idly while Iranian-backed For the desparately insecure Afrikaaner confined to hitting oil platforms, President terrorists inflict pain and suffering upon inno­ Reagan was the one who insisted that an regime, refusing to come to terms with the cent citizens not only of this land but of the need for fundamental internal reform, seeks Iranian warship be destroyed. to protect itself by waging unremitting war world. We watched for 444 days as these When the target vessel, however, turned against what it perceives to be an external criminals held Americans hostage in their up in port after orders had gone out, the threat. This has led South Africa to become country. We have suffered extreme emotional U.S. Navy waited outside-intending to give a rogue terrorist state, operating with cal­ pain and now the time has come for us to let warning to the crew before sinking the ship. lous disregard for international law or inter­ these "clowns" pay the price for harassing The Iranians, however, came out fighting. national opinion: South Africa continues to "the sleeping giant." Thus, not only was that frigate destroyed, but another Iranian frigate as well, two oil defy the United Nations in maintaining its illegal occupation platforms and assorted gunboats. An im­ of Namibia; it has invaded Angola with a tollah on notice that he cannot continue to pressive performance, proof that in building force of several thousand; it has launched strike out at American people. The citizens of and modernizing a 600-ship Navy, providing brutal raids into Botswana, Lesotho, Swazi­ this country do not favor a war with Iran, but it with new weapons, and giving our sailors hnd and Mozambique; it has attempted to by the grace of God they will make them pay pay commensurate with their duties, the destabilize Zimbabwe and to overthrow the for any hardship that the Ayatollah tries to American people got more than their government of the Seychelles; and it has place on us. I commend the soldiers, sailors, money's worth. armed and supported brutal dissident and airmen who represent this country in the While destruction of half of Iran's major groups in Mozambique and Angola. South Persian Gulf. Only they know the danger and surface ships may cool the hotheads of Africa has, in short, become the principal Tehran who authorized the mining of the source of regional conflict and instability, fear that accompanies service to their country sea lanes, it may not be enough. Iranian t hereby imperiling vital Western economic and they have bravely stood up to a class naval commanders are even now describing and political interests and raising the dan­ bully. They have brought forth honor and dis­ t he engagement in the Gulf as an "epic" sea gers of continuing superpower rivalry and tinction to the world and have reemphasized bat tle, virtually unprecedented "in the his­ confrontation within southern Africa. the fact that we can only be pushed so far. tory of naval warfare." May 24-, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12201 A new terrorist strike on Americans, an­ heartily applaud; Vice President George in mind is how we do it, and to what pur­ other mining of an American warship, Bush would immediately endorse; and Mas­ pose. cannot be ruled out. But if it comes, it is sachusetts Gov. Michael Dukakis would be The United States stands for certain basic really past time to be playing tit-for-tat left where he was after the last engagement, values in international relations: for free­ with Tehran, to be winning brownie points pleading "insufficient information" to form dom over tyranny, for mutual respect for our policy of "restraint." If hit again, an opinion. among people and among nations, and the United States ought to follow the coun­ against the use of force by one country to sel of retired Adm. Wesley McDonald: "Go [From the Washington Times, Apr. 21, impose its rule on another. out and sink the Iranian navy." 1988] We've got to make clear the distinction be­ This is not bellicosity; it is common sense. tween the use of force for aggression and its What Adm. McDonald objects to, and what WHEN THE WATCHDOG IS UNLEASHED ... use to enforce those basic rules that make it the administration should reflect upon, is possible for nations to live at peace with one that our policy of restraint, of warship-for­ This week's military action in the Persian another. warship retaliation, may be playing into the Gulf was a sharp reminder that we share When the Soviets sent their troops into hands of the most virulent anti-American the world with people who are not nice, and Afghanistan, they did so in an effort to rob elements in Tehran. that in such a world it's distinctly better to the country of its independence and bring it For the Ayatollah Khomeini's fanatics to have military force available than not to under the Soviet heel. have crippled a U.S. warship, while losing have it. When the United States sent troops to two frigates to the greatest Navy in the It's also a timely reminder that military Vietnam, its purpose was the same as it had world, was not a defeat, but a victory over force is useless unless a president can deploy been a generation earlier in Korea: to halt the Great Satan; and they are celebrating it it when and as needed. Our warships were an invasion from the north that sought, at as such. useful because they were present in the Per­ the point of a gun, to impose a Soviet­ Second, administration fears that Iran sian Gulf; they were effective because they backed tyranny. could be driven, by American action, into fired their weapons. If the captain of each In Korea, we succeeded because American the hands of the Soviets, seem farfetched. ship had had to wait for a vote of Congress, will didn't crumble. The Iranians may be crazy; they are not the Ayatollah Khomeini would still be In Vietnam, we ultimately failed because stupid. A regime as xenophobic and nation­ laughing. American will did crumble, and the 17 mil­ alistic as the Islamic Republic of Iran is not The purpose of a Navy is to project power, lion people of South Vietnam, not to men­ about to crawl between the sheets with an and this means to make U.S. power felt. No tion those of Cambodia, have paid a terrible atheistic superpower which has historic de­ matter how fiercely a guard dog may bark, price for that failure. signs on Iranian territory. Self-interest, not if an intruder sees that the dog is securely The purpose of a military response of the the United States, keep Tehran out of the chained to the wall, the dog provides a de­ sort that the United States launched this embrace of the bear. terrence. week is not only to deter the immediate ag­ Just as the moderates in Berlin, who One consistent theme of Congress' pat­ gressor, in this case Iran, but, equally im­ feared Hitler's messianic ambitions and tern of mischievous meddling in foreign portant, to warn other potential aggressors wanted peace with the West, were hoping policy over the past 15 years has been a de­ that adventuring carries real risks. for a powerful allied rebuff to Hitler's move termined effort to chain the U.S. military to We can't be all things to all people and we into the Rhineland, the moderates in Iran the wall, and to do so in the most public can't do all things to all people. But we can may relish a devastating U.S. military re­ way possible. Thus Congress time and again do some things to some people, and the sponse that discredits and humiliates the makes a laughing stock of U.S. military world will be a better place for everyone if extremists who provoked it. power, and invites every petty tyrant in the they fear that we might. Everyone now concurs that one of the world to thumb his nose at Uncle Sam while great blunders of Vietnam was President committing mayhem against his neighbors. Lyndon B. Johnson's policy of "gradual­ The power of a fanatic to terrorize his TRIBUTE TO THE REVEREND ism," i.e., the careful, calibrated escalation neighbors is directly proportional to those DR. J. JEROME COOPER which enabled the enemy to adjust to each neighbors' reluctance to take action against new application of U.S. military power. him. Tit-for-tat is not the way the United There's a large bloc in Congress whose in­ HON. WILLIAM H. GRAY III States traditionally wins military engage­ stinctive, reflexive reaction to an act of ag­ OF PENNSYLVANIA ments; it is not the American way of war. gression or of international terrorism is to In Iran, the United States confronts an hide in a corner and chant "United Nations IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES enemy much more disposed than we to ... international law .. . negotiations ... Tuesday, May 24, 1988 spend blood for holy causes. If we permit peace," and then if U.S. military action is Iran to dictate our response, frigate for frig­ taken despite those chants, to insist tremu­ Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, ate, our restraint itself may be inviting the lously that it must be no more than "pro­ would like today to bring to the attention of wider war we seek to avoid. portionate" - a slap for a slap. my colleagues in the Congress a distinguished And if Defense Secretary Frank Carlucci That's not the way peace is kept in a Philadelphian, community activist and advo­ did intervene to prevent the sinking of the world of predators. You don't contain the cate, an inspirational leader, the Reverend Dr. crippled Iranian frigate, that was a pristine Ayatollah Khomeinis and the Col. Muam­ J. Jerome Cooper. On May 20, 1988, the example of Carteresque micronmanage­ mar Qaddafis by reasoning with them. You Berean United Presbyterian Church of Phila­ ment, a clear signal to Tehran that the contain them by inflicting more pain on Americans are reluctant to use their power them than they inflict on you, and by delphia honored their senior pastor, the Rev­ when provoked; hence, an invitation to new making it clear that the pain next time will erend Dr. Cooper, with a silver jubilee celebra­ provocations. be greater, not less. tion for his 25 years of service to the church In sending warships to the Gulf to convoy You do it by acting like a greater power­ and to the Philadelphia community at large. re-flagged Kuwaiti tankers, President by demanding not love, but respect, and by On May 19, 1988, the Reverend Dr. Cooper Reagan took a gamble, a gamble that has, in demonstrating not only the possession of su­ was honored at Temple University's com­ part, paid off. American prestige, damaged perior force but the will, if sufficiently pro­ mencement exercises for a quarter of a cen­ by the sale of weapons to Iran, has been en­ voked, to use it to devastating effect. tury's contributions in leadership and service hanced, in the Gulf region and throughout Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini is evil. He's vi­ to the university community, as well. Temple the Arab world. cious. He's medieval. He's a fanatic. But Having made his point, Mr. Reagan ought after Iran's nose was bloodied by the U.S. University conferred upon him the honorary now to inform Iran's ambassador to the Navy last October, in retaliation for Iranian degree, doctor of public service honoris causa United Nations that one more attack on a attacks on U.S. and U.S.-escorted ships, [DPS]. U.S. naval vessel, one more terrorist atroci­ those attacks stopped for a long while. The Reverend Dr. Cooper has administered ty, and the gloves come off-that the U.S. Libya's Col. Qaddafi is also evil, vicious to the spiritual, physical and economic needs Navy will use its stand-off weapons to sink and fanatic, but after the U.S. bombing of the Philadelphian community for many, the entire Iranian navy, to take out its Silk­ raids on Tripoli in April 1986 there was a many years. His church and community serv­ worm missiles, to destroy the factories that long halt in Libyan acts of international ter­ ice spans a lifetime, be it in area of communi­ produce the mines, and to put Kharg Island rorism. out of business indefinitely. The United States should stop being apol­ ty health, education, housing and develop­ An ancillary benefit of that wise public ogetic about throwing its weight around. In ment or recreation programs, prison reform or policy would be that the American people, international affairs, throwing-around is family support and therapy groups. Wherever who justly despise Tehran fanatics, would what weight is for. The distinction to keep there has been human need, the Reverend 12202 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 24-, 1988 Dr. Cooper has been there to lend his assist­ granted merchant mariners who served distrust and question the intentions of the ance and support, to provide leadership and during WW II, veteran status. That decision United States. expertise. followed a 10-year battle by Camden mari­ Mr. Speaker, if the United States wishes to The list of his unselfish contributions and time historian Charles Dana Gibson against bureaucrats and other officials resisting the maintain its role as a major power in the accomplishments, the numerous boards upon recognition. world, policies must be established that assert which he has served, his awards, his com­ The announcement was made Monday our commitment and leadership. mendations make for a vita the length of a afternoon at the Tall Pines Nursing Home short story. He is a man who has never mini­ community room where Merchant Mariners, mized the value and importance of the needs Coast Guard representatives and friends A BILL TO REVITALIZE THE of an individual or those of a group of individ­ gathered to honor the 89-year-old captain. MARITIME INDUSTRY IN THE uals. Millington had not expected the award UNITED STATES The Reverend Dr. Cooper's parishioners de­ and was surprised at the announcement. "Oh, my lord," he said repeatedly. scribe him as a man who " * * * lives not to "Here's the man who made it all possible," HON. ROBERT W. DAVIS be served but to serve." When a program or Millington said, pointing to Gibson. OF MICHIGAN support group has not been in place or at In announcing Millington's award, Coast IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hand to meet the needs of an individual or the Guard Chief Warrant Officer Gerald Tuesday, May 24, 1988 community, he has founded or cofounded the Trackim said the only blemish on the veter­ necessary program or vehicle for assistance. an mariner's record was the time the old Mr. DAVIS of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, at the The list of his foundings and cofoundings salt took a merchant vessel between an out­ request of the Shipbuilders Council of Amer­ alone is a long one, including: The Utility cropping of ledge known as "The Graves" ica, I rise today to introduce a bill that will revi­ Emergency Service Fund [UEST], the Peo­ near Camden Harbor. "We don't do that," talize our Nation's merchant marine. The U.S. Trackim said. merchant marine fleet has been declining dra­ ple's Community Developers Corp. [PCDC]; Later, Millington said piloting the ship off the North Central "Seasoned" Citizens' Pro­ Camden during the war was an indiscretion matically over recent years. If action is not gram; phases I and II of the People's Village; of youth. "I guess I was showing off." taken now to reverse this decline, the security the Female Prison Relate Program in the When the big ship appeared off the of our Nation will be jeopardized. House of Correction; the Ecumenical Minis­ harbor, Millington's father later told him Last year, the Commission on Merchant ters' Fellowship Support System; the Family that everyone yelled, "There's a ship Marine and Defense completed its first report Therapy Program for the House of Correction, coming into the harbor." Millington, seated of "Findings of Fact and Conclusions" on the the City Prison; the Berean Single Parent Sup­ in a wheelchair, smiled with pleasure as he importance and condition of the U.S. mer­ port Group, Inc.; the North Central Philadel­ recounted the tale. chant marine and the maritime industries. The Again and again Millington praised principal finding of the Commission is that phia Association [NCPA] comprised of com­ Gibson for his efforts to gain recognition munity organizations, educational institutions, for Merchant Mariners who faced the same there is a "clear and growing danger to the nonprofit organizations, and businesses. dangers as other WW II veterans. The cap­ national security in the deteriorating condition Mr. Speaker, I, as well as every Philadelphi­ tain said he read about the awarding of vet­ of America's maritime industries. The United an, am indebted to the Reverend Dr. J. eran status to mariners in a newspaper. States cannot consider its own interest or Jerome Cooper. We salute him as a minister, Asked how he feels about receiving veter­ freedoms secure, much less retain a position an educator, a humanitarian, a community an status after all these years, Millington of leadership in the free world, without revers­ service advocate, a civic leader and a champi­ said simply, "It's a miracle." ing the decline of the maritime industries of on of equal opportunity and impartial justice Talking to another merchant mariner after the ceremony, Millington recalled one this nation, which would depend so heavily in for all people. trip his crew made without a navy escort. a protracted war upon adequate use of Had a U-boat torpedo not misfired when it oceans for its military defense and for its eco­ MAINE MARINER RECEIVES struck the ship on that trip, he might not nomic survival." VETERANS STATUS have survived. The size of our merchant fleet has, accord­ ing to this study, declined from a fleet of 905 active and idle oceangoing ships in 1970 to a HON. OLYMPIA J. SNOWE CONFUSION OVER PANAMA mere 445 today. Of this number, approximate­ OF MAINE POLICY ly 20 percent are laid up. Our Nation's ship­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES yards have not fared any better. In just the Tuesday, May 24, 1988 HON. DOUGLAS APPLEGATE last 6 years, 41 major shipyards which were Ms. SNOWE. Mr. Speaker, I would like to OF OHIO identified by the U.S. Navy as essential to the take this opportunity to congratulate Capt. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES national emergency shipyard mobilization base have closed their gates and 32,500 direct Walter Roy Millington on the receipt of his Tuesday, May 24, 1988 certificate of release of discharge from active shipyard jobs have been lost. Today, there is duty. Captain Millington received his discharge Mr. APPLEGATE. Mr. Speaker, it is with not one single commercial oceangoing vessel 43 years after the close of World War II. much dismay that I have been following the under construction in a U.S. shipyard-not In a special ceremony, the 89-year-old cap­ recent scenario in the Reagan administration's one. tain became one of the first merchant marines handling of General Noriega of Panama. The The reason for the total collapse of the U.S. to receive a discharge under the Secretary of President of the United States has taken it commercial shipbuilding market is due to a the Air Force's determination that those mer­ upon himself to deal with known drug dealers number of factors. We must all realize that the chant marines who served between December in an effort to restore "democracy" to international shipbuilding market is by no 7, 1941, and August 15, 1945, would be con­ Panama. I believe this to be not only an em­ means a free and open market based on cost sidered active duty for the purpose of eligibility barrassment to the United States as a major competition alone. It is a world of government for veterans benefits. An estimated 6,700 mer­ power in Panama, but it also sends a terrible support, subsidy, and loan assistance. U.S. chant seamen died in World War II. message about our commitment to the fight shipyards, that receive no subsidies or assist­ I would like to share an article with my col­ against illegal drugs. ance, find themselves competing against for­ leagues on the May 16 ceremony: In February 1988, when General Noriega eign governments rather than foreign ship­ [From the Courier-Gazette, May 19, 1988] was indicted by two Federal grand juries on yards. Our country also enjoys one of the MARINER HONORED UNDER NEW RULES drug smuggling charges, the Reagan adminis­ highest standards of living in the world. Since tration went public with their intent to enforce shipbuilding has usually chased the lowest is transformed our trading relationships in the world today. any closer to attaining an independent into the legislative body of the provisional The day the U.S. Congress ratifies this treaty, state. It appears that Prime Minister government. All government positions are a whole new era in international trade will Shamir has successfully blocked American declared provisional pending the possibility begin. Already, Treasury Secretary James A. efforts to initiate an international confer­ of free election by the Palestinian people. Baker has indicated that Japan, South Korea, ence, and public opinion polls suggest that, The new government issues Law 1 which if anything, the Israeli public has moved a proclaims: the State of Palestine declares and Taiwan have expressed a strong interest bit to the right. itself at peace with the State of Israel; the in entering into similiar agreements with our Inside Israel there are those who say that State of Palestine will not maintain an country. Moreover, we now have the opportu­ if no settlement is reached soon, there will army. nity to establish a precedence for future trade be another war with the Arab countries, yet The new government offers Israel the ex­ agreements to be possibly initiated at the up­ there are no Israeli leaders acting decisively change of ambassadors and mutual recogni­ coming Uruguay round of the GA n talks. for the self-interest of their own country. tion. Now is time for America to take the lead in Inside the United States, the American Law 2 is issued, forbidding all acts of ter­ the expansion of free trade around the globe. Jewish community is unable to find a strong rorism and announcing penalties for any moral voice, and within the Palestinian violations. Do not take any heed to the myopic criti­ world there seems to be a shortage of ideas A worldwide diplomatic offensive is de­ cisms of the FT A's opponents. Protectionist as to how to move from the present situa­ clared seeking recognition of the new state trade policies will lead this country into an tion to statehood. and its admission to the United Nations. economic vuagmire. To those who bicker at It is time to rethink some of the basic The provisional government calls for the agreement's minuscule imperfections, I premises. Up to now, Palestinians have direct negotiations to set boundaries with must respond that no one treaty is perfect. placed tremendous import on an interna­ Israel and to establish a permanent Israel­ We must not let this agreement fail due to tional conference, negotiations and PLO Palestine peace treaty. congressional ineptitude. We just may have to representation at such negotiations. Not Israel withdrawal becomes the central much is heard about what happens if such demand, internationally and within the ter­ wait for another 122 years. negotiations begin and then deadlock. Per­ ritories. All the energy presently expended In sum, I urge my colleagues to support the haps it is believed that the price of failure on peripheral matters is now concentrated ratification of the United States-Canada Free would be so great that once started, it would on this single demand. Whereas previously Trade Agreement. We have nothing to lose, necessitate a comprehensive solution. Yet Israel was occupying a territory, it is now but a world to win. this is wishful thinking. It is perfectly likely occupying a foreign country which has de­ that negotiations will simply be unable to clared that it is at peace. To promote with­ generate a solution acceptable to both Israe­ drawal and to eliminate any excuses for a THE PALESTINIANS SHOULD lis and Palestinians, and it is also likely that continued military presence, the provisional DECLARE THEIR OWN STATE the super-powers will lack the will to impose government announces a ban on all lethally a solution. violent attacks on Israeli soldiers. No vio­ If we probe a bit deeper, we see that the lence is allowed against settlers except in HON. NICK JOE RAHALL II present strategy for attaining an independ­ clear self-defense. At the same time, the OF WEST VIRGINIA ent Palestinian state embodies a model Palestinian people are called to enter into IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which needs to be challenged. That model is only symbolic activity directed against Is­ that statehood emerges from negotiations raeli soldiers in the territories. Stone-throw­ Tuesday, May 24, 1988 and agreements. In short, it assumes that ing is permitted, but only insofar as it is un­ Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, due to the no Palestinian state can come into existence dertaken symbolically, (i.e., with no lethal recent uprising in the Israeli-occupied West unless there is prior Israeli approval. intent). Use of gasoline bombs is forbidden. Bank and Gaza Strip, there has been an in­ Yet consider how Israel itself came into If diplomatic efforts fail to secure either ne­ creased focus on the plight of the displaced existence. Following the United Nations gotiations or withdrawal, an intensified Partition Resolution of 1947, the Israelis campaign of international economic pres­ Palestinians and their quest for self-determina­ simply declared the existence of the State sure is undertaken. tion. We have heard many different theories of Israel. Indeed, they made that declara­ The real focus of energies will be on build­ and ideas on how they could achieve this tion contrary to the urging of the U.S. De­ ing the inner sinews of national life and goal. I have recently introduced House Con­ partment of State. They did not get Arab or statehood by the following measures: secret current Resolution 273, expressing the sense Palestinian advance approval. They did not local elections; economic self-reliance; re­ of the Congress that Palestinians should have negotiate with the Palestinians. They pro­ opened schools or classes held in secret; their own State. Statehood for the Palestin­ ceeded unilaterally and gradually secured social services expended on a village level; a ians is one step on the path to self-determina­ international recognition, admission to the national anthem emphasizing peace. United Nations and effective control of ter­ With the assistance of the Arab states the tion. ritory. provisional government issues a new Pales­ Dr. Jerome Segal, a Middle East specialist There are important analogies and tinian currency. To ensure its use and value at the University of Maryland, has expressed disanalogies here for the Palestinians. even during the period of occupation, its another approach which I believe we all ought Today's military and political realities total­ conversion into dollars is guaranteed. to take a look at. Following the lead of Israel's ly preclude achieving statehood through Within the territories a small gold coin is in- May 24, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12205 traduced. The inherent value of the coin Carlos Lehder in Miami, a member of the Coast Guard aides have been excellent, one will ensure that it is taken seriously even by cartel, brought to light the brutality of that of them taught me that "the Coast Guard is Israelis. Every time a transaction is paid band of drug lords. that hard nucleus about which the Navy using this coin, Palestinian statehood will be In addition to Lehder, the administration has forms in time of war." affirmed. Well, graduation day belongs to the grad­ The new government, to symbolize the targeted other corrupt foreign officals. The De­ uates, but I want to take just a moment to end to statelessness, promptly issues pass­ partment of justice has indicted the former speak to some special people here today, ports. These are made available to any Pal­ Bolivian Minister of the Interior, Bahamian im­ your mothers and fathers. You know, I have estinian in the world who desires one. An migration officials, and a Surinam general. often said that there is nothing that makes announcement is made that the State of Also indicated was a former Cuban Ambassa­ me prouder than America's young men and Palestine will allow dual citizenship. Pales­ dor to Colombia, a Haitian colonel, and Gen­ women in uniform. I want to ask the par­ tinians who are citizens of other states are eral Noriega of Panama. ents: Are you as proud of these soon-to-be encouraged to apply for and travel on Pales­ It is clear to me that America must reduce it officers as I am? During World War II, one tinian passports. General said that America's secret weapon The provisional government and the new demand for drugs. The demand problem is here in America and the solution rests with was "just the best darn kids in the world." constitution proclaim that Palestine shall Now that may not have been the exact word be a democracy with an independent judici­ every American family. We must do more to that he used, but when I look at your sons ary and a bill of rights to protect individual educate our children about the drug menace. and daughters today, I know exactly what liberties. The United Nations is asked to su­ We must also realize that the war on drugs he meant. pervise the first possible national elections. will not be won overnight. America is accus­ Since your service was founded by the The great merit of this approach is that it tomed to quick solutions. This is one problem first Congress nearly 200 years ago, it has avoids the two-state solution, which contin­ ues to be viewed as a "non-starter" in Israel that will not disappear easily. Greater effort, served with courage and honor in every war and the United States. The solution will especially in the area of drug education, are our Nation has fought. The first Coast simply start itself. In doing so, it will follow essential along with tougher laws. Guard casualty of World War II came the the spirit of the uprising; that the Palestini­ The President is right in calling America's day after Pearl Harbor, when a transport an people on the ground will decide their drug problem a national emergency, and in evacuating American families out of Singa­ pore came under attack. own destiny. noting that "excessive drug politics might un­ Let me add a final personal note: If it On D-Day, when our soldiers hit the dermine effective drug policy." beaches at Normandy, there were Coast seems odd that a Jew should offer his This is the time for all Americans to work t houghts on how Palestinians can be suc­ Guardsmen piloting the landing craft. Some cessful in their struggle for statehood, I together as a family to tackle the challenge of 1,500 soldiers whose craft were sunk by should state my conviction that the struggle illegal drugs. I firmly support the administra­ enemy fire were rescued by the Coast Guard for an independent Palestinian state is also tions' new war on drugs and President Rea­ on that fateful day. the struggle for a humane and safe Israel, gan's proposal that a bipartisan drug task Back when Washington bureaucrats were and that there can be no Judaism without a force be established. not as sophisticated or numerous as they commitment to justice. Now is the time to step up to the challenge are today, we named things more nearly for and put the drug traffickers and drug pushers what they were. One of my favorite exam­ out of business. I commend the President's ples is that one of the predecessors of PRESIDENT CALLS FOR A NEW today's Coast Guard was known simply as BIPARTISAN WAR ON DRUGS address to my colleague in the Congress. the Life Saving Service. And though the The address follows: Coast Guard does many jobs, I suspect sea­ HON. WM. S. BROOMFIELD REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT AT U.S. COAST farers in distress will always think of you GUARD ACADEMY COMMENCEMENT, NEW that way. OF MICHIGAN LONDON, CT, MAY 18, 1988 In March of last year, some 200 miles off IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is an honor to be able to participate in our New Jersey coast, in stormy Atlantic Tuesday, May 24, 1988 the commencement exercises of the United waters, a Soviet freighter sent out a desper­ States Coast Guard Academy. I am especial­ ate S.O.S. The ship was listing 26 degrees to Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I want to ly delighted to be here with the class of port in seas that were running 20 feet. Gale call the attention of my colleagues to the 1988; you see, in certain ways I envy you. force winds were gusting up to 55 knots, and President's recent address at the U.S. Coast For one thing, all of you know what you'll the skies were dark with rain and sleet. The Guard Academy commencement. I join the be doing next year. Soviet ship was sinking. Then, the Coast President in commending the Coast Guard for The fact is many young people have trou­ Guard helicopters came to the rescue. Their its major contributions in the battle to stop ille­ ble choosing their life's work. I was an ex­ fuel was low and there was little time. De­ gal substances from entering this country. I ception. After college, I knew exactly where spite screaming winds and pitching seas, my future lay: I became a radio sports an­ also support the President's call for a new war each helicopter in turn managed to hover nouncer. It was just lucky guess. above the ship's heaving deck. The helicop­ on drugs and the immediate creation of a "Bi­ But I know what I would say to any young partisan Special Executive-Legislative Task ter crews, with infinite care, lowered a wire people who told me they were torn between basket, and lifted up to safety, one-by-one, Force on Drugs." There must be no partisan­ different careers: If they said they wanted each of the 37 people on board. It was one ship in our battle to save American children to help people in distress, guard our borders, of the most dramatic rescues in Coast from drug addiction. conserve fisheries, battle drug smugglers, Guard history, and a heroic demonstration The Reagan administration has done more enforce maritime law, test their courage of what we mean when we say the Coast than any other administration in the history of against stormy seas, defend America in Guard is "an armed service and more." times of war, and wear proudly each day the Today, one of the Coast Guard's most im­ America to put the war on drugs on the front uniform of this great country-then I would burner. While more remains to be done, Presi­ portant missions is to fight the importation tell them just one thing: I would tell them, of illegal drugs. In the last 10 years you dent Reagan and the First Lady have "Join the Coast Guard." launched a personal crusade to do something I know a lot has happened since you start­ have arrested more than 8,500 drug smug­ glers. For that, America salutes you. It is about illegal drugs and to educate the Ameri­ ed here as Swabs, were presented with a copy of "Running Light," and first rode the time to make illegal drugs "public enemy can people about the destructive effects of il­ number one." It is time to say America's tol­ legal substances on people and on our socie­ wind on America's mighty square-rigger, The Eagle. Soon, it will be time for you to erance for illegal drugs is zero. ty in general. receive your commissions and bid farewell The Congress made a serious mistake Thanks to the efforts of our chief executive, to the Academy. It's been said that gradua­ when our Fiscal Year 1988 budget request much money and resources have been dedi­ tion day is a time of sentimental good­ for the Coast Guard was reduced by $72 mil­ cated to the attack on drugs. For fiscal year byes-coupled with extreme relief. One stu­ lion and forced a curtailment in the drug 1989, the President is proposing that about $4 dent, departing his alma mater, wrote inside interdiction effort. I hope the Congress will billion be committed to the drug problem. the cover of his yearbook: "All things must restore the funds necessary for you to ac­ complish your vital mission. Our Government may have underestimated pass ... though I almost didn't." Now, I While that is one thing, it is not the only the power and influence of drug trafficking don't imagine that any of you wrote any­ thing like that inside your copy of "Tide thing that all of us as a Nation must do. But groups as the Colombia-based Medellin co­ Rips." before I talk about what remains to be done, caine cartel. This groups are formidable ad­ You know, as President, I have a military let's take stock of what already has oc­ versaries. The recent trial and conviction of aide from each of the five services. My curred. 12206 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 24, 1988 Yes, it's true, that across the breadth of greatest strengths in our unique capacity lieve that as a society we are still paying for the Federal Government, we have assem­ for coming together during times of nation­ the permissiveness of the 1960's and 1970's bled a strong anti-drug team and enacted al emergency. We set aside those differences when restrictions on personal behavior tough anti-drug policies. that divide us and unite as one people, one came under attack by a cultural establish­ In 1982, we set up the South Florida Task Government, one Nation. We have done this ment whose slogan was "just say yes." Force, which was headed by Vice President before, we must do it now. There were numerous calls for repealing Bush. Hundreds of additional drug agents Illegal drug use is the foremost concern in our prohibitions on drugs; those who fa­ were sent to Florida, along with extra our country. And, frankly, as I finish my vored tougher drug laws, or even just keep­ judges and prosecutors. More Coast Guard final year in office and look ahead, I worry ing the ones we had, were labeled conserva­ cutters were deployed, and the other mili­ that excessive drug politics might under­ tive, moralistic, reactionary, and old-fash­ tary sevices provided surveillance assistance mine effective drug policy. If America's ioned-and that was back before those for the first time. We made record drug sei­ anti-drug effort gets tripped-up in partisan­ words were meant as compliments. The zures-and major crime in South Florida de­ ship, if we permit politics to determine none too subtle message to young people creased nearly 20-percent. policy, it will mean a disaster for our future was that they had to use drugs if they Because of that success, the next year we and that of our children. wanted to be "cool." What greater shame formed the National Narcotics Border Inter­ That is why today I am calling on both can there be than that many of our young diction System, also led by the Vice Presi­ houses of the Congress, both sides of the people began to use drugs, not to rebel, but dent, to coordinate Federal, State, and local aisle, to join with my representatives in a to fit in? law enforcement efforts against drug smug­ special Executive-Legislative task force to So, in the crusade for a drug-free America, gling nationwide. Since the formation of the advance America's unified response to the the next step is to enforce a policy of "zero border interdiction system, in 1983, annual problem of illegal drug use. Because if we tolerance" of illegal drug use. So when we cocaine seizures are up more than 20 times cannot remove the politics from drugs, how say "no" to drugs, it will be clear that we what they had been. can we hope to remove the drugs from our mean absolutely none-no exceptions. In 1987, I established the National Drug communities, workplaces, and schools? This concern with values goes beyond just Policy Board in order to coordinate all of Our task force should agree on solutions the issue of drugs, of course. We worked the Administration's efforts in this crusade. for every area of the drug problem: From hard in the early 80's on our national recov­ This Board, chaired by Attorney General blocking supplies to curtailing demand, ery so that we might be able to recognize, Meese, has developed a series of comprehen­ from treatment to education to prosecution, indeed, deal with social problems that had sive strategies to reduce both the supply from interdiction and confiscation to eradi­ been too long ignored and sometimes ob­ and demand for illicit drugs. cation-nothing should be overlooked or scured in the past. Today America is facing And let me stress, the Coast Guard and ruled out. Our policy is one of "zero toler­ head-on social problems like drugs and the other Armed Services have played a ance" for illegal drugs, and we are looking crime. And this, as I say, stems from there­ major role in this unprecedented campaign. for solutions, not just a restatement of the newal of our fundamental beliefs and values Last year, the Pentagon provided over 2,500 problem. And no later than 45 days from as a Nation. ship days of maritime support and more now there should be a report to me and to And this renewal goes beyond just our than 16,000 hours of air surveillance. the bipartisan leadership of Congress, own borders. In 10 days, I arrive in Moscow The Coast Guard and the Department of laying out our proposals. for my first visit to the Soviet Union and for Defense gained important new resources for Let me take a minute to spell out some their drug-fighting efforts from the Anti­ specific items that need to be considered. my fourth meeting with General Secretary Drug Abuse Act of 1986. And last year, the First, to deter violent crime and narcotics Gorbachev. Our goals there are something Coast Guard and agencies with which it trafficking, we have to deal with the drug that I have been discussing for the last sev­ works seized nearly 26,000 pounds of co­ syndicates on our terms. That means when eral months in detail. But let me summa­ caine-26,000 pounds of a drug that has a a death results from narcotics trafficking, rize. street value of $1,000 an ounce. Don't try to or when a law enforcement officer is killed There are four main agenda items in the figure that in your head-it's $416 million. in the battle, the law must provide for swift, U.S.-Soviet relationship: Human rights, re­ And by keeping deadly drugs from Feaching certain, and just punishment-including gional conflicts, arms reduction, and bilater­ our communities, I think the Coast Guard capital punishment. We've got to send a al exchanges. With regard to human rights, earned yet another good reason to be known loud, clear message to drug kingpins and though we note some improvements, we will as "the life saving service." cop-killers. And that also means appointing continue to press for full respect for the Another key part of the war on drugs has more tough Federal judges who take drug freedom of expression, travel, religion, and been the appointment of no-nonsense Fed­ crimes seriously. other rights contained in the Helsinki Ac­ eral judges. Not only have drug convictions The drug interdiction mission of the Coast cords, and for institutional reforms that doubled since 1979, but prison sentences are Guard should be formally specified to in­ would guarantee such rights and the rule of 40 percent longer. And last year, new tough­ clude law enforcement in the air over the law. er sentencing guidelines were issued. high seas, as well as on and under the sea. We will discuss a number of regional con­ The Comprehensive Crime Control Act, Our military assets can be used for greater flicts in which the United States supports passed in 1984 helps put drug dealers out of command and control functions in surveil­ the forces of freedom against brutal com­ business. Last year alone, over $500 million lance and drug interdiction. And we should munist dictatorships. In particular, we will in drug-related assets were seized. consider allowing our Governors greater use note· the progress of the Soviet withdrawal Drug eradication programs are now under­ of the National Guard in this effort. But from Afghanistan. We will reaffirm Ameri­ way in 23 countries, up from just 2 in 1981. one thing must be clear: When it comes to ca's support for the brave Mujahidin free­ More funds than ever before are being the military, let's give them a clear mission dom fighters, and the goal of an independ­ spent on drug education and public aware­ for specific situations. ent, non-aligned, and undivided Afghani­ ness, and more funds still have been re­ To assist in this effort I have also today stan, free to determine its own future. quested. directed Secretary of Defense Carlucci to In the area of arms control, General Sec­ Since 1981, we have tripled the anti-drug tap the best minds both inside and outside retary Gorbachev and I will continue our law enforcement budget, and I am asking of Government to come up with creative so­ dialogue on the reduction of nuclear weap­ for another 13-percent increase. That would lutions on how we can better use military ons, focusing in particular on strategic of­ give the Federal Government a total of $3.9 resources and technologies to detect and fensive systems. billion next Fiscal Year to fight this interdict drugs coming into this country. And with respect to bilateral exchanges, I menace. We need stepped-up international eradica­ especially want to encourage more student All told, it is an extraordinary demonstra­ tion programs to reduce the supply of drugs, exchanges between our two countries. I tion of our commitment and a remarkable and additional education and prevention hope that more Soviet young people can record of achievement. And that having programs to reduce demand, including the view firsthand America's democratic system been said, you know what else: Extraordi­ use of civil sanctions such as fines and loss and way of life. nary as it is, remarkable as it is, as much a of eligibility for Federal programs. Our en­ I should also mention that part of our testimony as it is to those in law enforce­ couragement, our goal, should be for those meetings will focus on the U.S.-Soviet Mari­ ment and the Coast Guard-more has to be who have never tried drugs to remain drug­ time Search and Rescue Agreement that done. free. has just been concluded. Our maritime There is an additional step we must take, I'm especially proud of the anti-drug work issues we are currently discussing include and without it, I don't know if we can suc­ that Nancy has done, which has changed the issue of fisheries and plans for dealing ceed. the way we talk and think about drugs. with emergency pollution spills. So, yes, the I want to use this opportunity today to You see, at the root of the drug crisis is a Coast Guard's concerns are on the Moscow call for a special initiative. One of America's crisis of values and a spiritual hunger. I be- agenda. May 24, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12207 It has been a great honor to be here with lence on Tuesday by the U.S. Department of week. Commander Cosgriff has been selected you. You can be sure that when I am in Education. to command the guided missile frigate Robert Moscow I will think of all of you here today. Sope Creek Elementary, located on Paper G. Bradley. He has done an extraordinary job You represent the best of America and Mill Road, and Murdock Elementary, on carry in your hearts the values that are the Murdock Road south of Post Oak Tritt Rd., for the Members of the House of Representa­ source of our liberty and our spiritual were the fifth and sixth Cobb County tives, and if his performance as deputy direc­ strength. This is reflected in the path of schools singled out for national recognition tor in the House is any indication of how he service that you have chosen. We are a since the program began in 1984. will do on the Robert G. Bradley, the com­ Nation of free men and women, who use our Official word of the award came Tuesday, mander will be a shining example for all junior God-given liberty to serve our country be­ but students at both east Cobb schools al­ officers in the U.S. Navy. cause we love her and all that she repre­ ready seemed to know their schools were The attached letter follows: sents. It is our earnest prayer to serve Amer­ among the best in the country. ica in peace, it is our solemn commitment to "Students are happy here," said Ben CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, defend her in time of war. I believe that Savage, 10-year-old son of Lynne and Bernie HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, America is standing before the brightest Savage and a student at Sope Creek. "The Washington, DC, May 24, 1988. future the world has ever known. And that teachers make it so you work in a happy Cdr. KEVIN J. COSGRIFF, future is yours. And properly so, because place." Deputy Director for House Liaison, Office of you have chosen to wear the uniform of Karin Krug, 11-year-old daughter of Legislative Affairs, Department of the your country and risk all that you have and Robert and Susan Krug and a student at Navy, Washington, DC. all that you are in her defense. I wish not Murdock had praise for her teachers and DEAR COMMANDER COSGRIFF: This is just a only to congratulate you on your gradua­ said she loved coming to school every day. note to express my personal appreciation tion, but as your Commander-in-Chief, I "We do a lot of fun activities," she said. for the many courtesies which you have ex­ salute you. "Teachers are always fair. And if you have a tended to my office during your tenure as problem, they will help you." Deputy Director of the Navy House Liaison Students said they enjoyed the computer Office. SCHOOLS OF EXCELLENCE lab, physical education classes, special class­ Your dedication and commitment to the es for the academically talented, field trips Navy and the Congress of the United States and special reading centers at their schools. were consistently demonstrated by your HON.GEORGE(BUDDY)DARDEN They also appreciated some of the more willingness to always get the job done. The OF GEORGIA practical qualities. Navy has recognized your leadership abili­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Our school is clean and nice," said Mi­ ties and has selected you to command the Tuesday, May 24, 1988 chelle Gustavson, 7, daughter of Peggy and Guided Missile Frigate ROBERT G. BRAD­ Donald Gustavson, and a student at Sope LEY. Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Speaker, the U.S. Depart­ Creek. It gives me great pleasure to join with ment of Education recently recognized 287 "The lunch ladies are nice," said class­ your family and friends in extending my schools across the country as national mate Meri Griffin, 9, daughter of Nancy heartfelt congratulations and to wish you schools of excellence. Of the seven Georgia and Gene Griffin. "fair winds and following seas" on the schools so honored, two are public schools in Murdock fifth grader Brian Bernknopf, ROBERT G. BRADLEY. With warmest personal regards, the Seventh Congressional District, Sope 11, son of Linda and Stan Bernknopf summed it up when he said he'd pick Mur­ Sincerely, Creek Elementary and Murdock Elementary. dock over any school. BoB MCEWEN, National judges who visited both schools "In fact, if they could make this a middle Member of Congress. found that their programs and activities fos­ school next year, I'd go here," he said. tered both individual achievement and com­ Schools are nominated for national recog­ munity improvement. The faculty, staff, and nition from a list of state schools of excel­ OPPOSITION TO H.R. 5 students at both Sope Creek and Murdock lence. Finalists are selected by a national performed according to the highest ideals of committee which reviews a 44-page applica­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE educational excellence, and each has every tion which covers a variety of criteria, in­ cluding curriculum, goals, general school at­ OF ILLINOIS reason to be proud of this honor. I would like mosphere, activities and awards. The final IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to commend especially the principals of these step is a school visit by a national review Tuesday, May 24, 1988 schools, Mrs. Ethel Kopkin at Sope Creek and team. Mr. W.E. Robertson at Murdock, for their in­ Sope Creek principal Ethel Kopkin says Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, on April 20, 1988, spired leadership. people make the difference in an excellent the House voted on the conference report to Each school was evaluated on the basis of school. H.R. 5, the School Improvement Act. I would 10 criteria: philosophy, organization, leader­ On any given day, dozens of parents will like to share with my colleagues why I was the ship, curriculum, instruction, achievement, be found in the classrooms as volunteers. only dissenting vote on this conference report "You'll see dads in three-piece suits in the as well as the original bill when it reached the character development, climate, community classrooms reading or helping with experi­ relations, and plans for improvement. The ments," said Ms. Kopkin. "Our parent vol­ floor on May 21, 1987. Cobb County schools have made great unteers are tremendous." I am opposed to the $8.3 billion price tag progress in these areas in recent years; our Murdock principal Pete Robertson said placed on this bill to reauthorize most Federal, local schools have been effective in preparing the vision, or mission, or what the school is elementary, secondary, and adult education our children for their social, political and eco­ all about is the key to a school's success. programs; many of which were scheduled to nomic responsibilities. We must ensure that "In schools that are excellent, there is expire over the next 3 years. Because of the our young people are able to meet the chal­ always concensus among teachers, parents current Federal deficit, the U.S. taxpayers lenges of the future. During a time when many and students about what the school is all should not be forced to pay additional funding about," he said. "And here at Murdock the have questioned the quality of public educa­ child is the focus and the center of every ac­ to revise or extend programs scheduled to tion and its value to society, I think it appropri­ tivity." expire, or to create new Federal programs. ate to join the U.S. Department of Education In the past, Federal Government programs in recognizing and rewarding these successful have failed to enhance education and in fact programs. FAIR WINDS AND FOLLOWING have detracted from it. Therefore, control and Mr. Speaker, I submit the following article SEAS FOR COMMANDER KEVIN financing should return to the State and local from the Marietta Daily Journal of May 18, J. COSGRIFF level. In this manner, our institutions of learn­ 1988, and ask unanimous consent that it be HON. BOB McEWEN ing will be supervised more closely by the included in the RECORD. OF OHIO people who benefit from them and who con­ SCHOOLS OF EXCELLENCE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sequently have the greatest interest in obtain­ ing and maintaining high standards. New York City singing "Happy Birthday"-one nature of its role as a labor union, has in­ monitors and intercoms. These products allow of the few songs Irving Berlin did not write. volved itself in matters of wages and working parents to monitor and communicate with a No one exemplifies the spirit of America conditions and creating and maintaining a child from another location in the home. better than Irving Berlin. We are a nation of decent life on and off stage for its members. Right now, there are no U.S. companies in immigrants. It is our fierce love of freedom But, Equity also has led the way on many the business of manufacturing nursery moni­ which makes our country great, passed down social issues. tors, and all U.S. companies that sell the mon­ from generation to generation. Irving Berlin In 1947, when the National Theatre here in itors import them from abroad. For this reason came to the United States in 1898 as Israel Washington, DC, barred blacks from admis­ there is little sense in having an import duty Saline. His father, a Jewish cantor, left what sion, Equity members refused to perform and on them because there is no U.S. industry to was then Russia to escape the pogroms and the National was forced to close. It remained protect. brought his young family to live in the Lower dark for 5 years, until there was a new man­ But because of the existing tariff, retail East Side of New York City. When Israel was agement and a new policy, admitting all. prices for this product are higher than neces­ 7 years old, his father died and Israel went to More recently, Equity has pioneered and sary. Suspension of the tariff will be a boon to work to help support his family by selling developed the concept of nontraditional cast­ consumers who could obtain the product at newspapers. Singing songs helped sell papers ing-defined as the casting of ethnic minority lower cost, and will boost competiton among and earned him extra pennies. This led to and female actors in roles where race, color, retail companies in the United States. singing in salons and his first effort as lyricist. and/ or gender are not absolutely essential to The music sheet misspelled his name and so the character or the play's development. The TRIBUTE TO MR. O.D. MCKEE Irving Berlin was born. His first big success as union continues to press for acceptance of a songwriter was with "Alexander's Ragtime this policy in order to create a theater that Band." The rest, as they say, is history. more accurately reflects the ethnic diversity of HON. MARILYN LLOYD Irving Berlin went on to shape the music today's society. OF TENNESSEE which brought our country through two wars From 1959 to 1965, Equity worked tirelessly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and many years of prosperity. "God Bless for Federal recognition of the arts and human­ America," his greatest classic, is considered ities and was instrumental in the creation and Tuesday, May 24, 1988 by many to be our national anthem. today's continued funding of the National En­ Mrs. LLOYD. Mr. Speaker, I'd like to give Irving Berlin turned 100 on May 12, 1988. dowment for the Arts. There were many retrospectives which cele­ recognition to a valued friend and trusted ad­ In the late seventies, Equity endorsed the viser, Mr. O.D. McKee, chairman of the board brated Irving Berlin's birthday. One of the establishment of low-cost housing for perform­ more interesting ones was the ABC News at McKee Baking Co., headquartered in the ing artists at Manhattan Plaza, a vacant, finan­ heart of my own congressional district in Col­ Nightline program of May 11. Jeff Greenfield cially troubled, federally subsidized complex was talking to Michael Feinstein, Berlin's ar­ legedale, TN. on the then undesirable west side of Manhat­ The McKee Baking Co., maker of Little chivist for many years and a performer in his tan. The union worked with city agencies, own right. Greenfield asked Feinstein how Debbie Snack Cakes, is the Nation's largest community boards, other unions and con­ independent snack cake producer, with sales Berlin's inability to read music may have af­ cerned individuals and was successful in fected his ability to compose. Michael Fein­ in 41 States. With 2,1 00 employees based in achieving its. goals. This 1,600 apartment stein said, "not at all, because being able to Collegedale, Mr. McKee is one of the largest complex has become an integral part of the read music is a technical skill, and the ability employers in Hamilton County and the suc­ plan for the redevelopment of New York's to create a song is something that is divine, cess of his company has been nothing short West 42d Street. Equity now has turned its ef­ it's God-given." of phenomenal. For the past 20 years, McKee forts to creating similar low-income housing And we all thank God for giving this gift to Baking Co., has continued to grow at a rate for performing artists in California. Irving Berlin, and inspiring him to write the that has averaged an astonishing 1o to 15 As the demolition of theaters threatened in­ music of America. percent annually. creasing numbers of precious and irreplace­ Since the beginning, the company, has able buildings, Equity created Save the Thea­ been a family enterprise. In the early days, TRIBUTE TO THE ACTORS' ters, an organization dedicated to promoting Mrs. O.D. (Ruth) McKee managed the plant EQUITY ASSOCIATION the preservation of historic theaters across and handled the purchasing, personnel, and the country, and to increasing public aware­ bookkeeping functions while her husband was HON. SIDNEY R. YATES ness of the importance of theater to the Na­ on the road overseeing sales. Mrs. McKee is OF ILLINOIS tion's culture and economy. A major victory currently a senior vice president of the com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES recently was achieved when landmark protec­ pany. tion was approved for all remaining Broadway The McKees have raised a family of four Tuesday, May 24, 1988 theaters. fine children-two sons, Ellsworth and Jack, Mr. YATES. Mr. Speaker, it is fitting today This unique union also is in the forefront of and two daughters, Wyn and Beth. Both sons that we pay tribute to Actors' Equity Associa­ fundraising activities to help those afflicted have worked their way up through the ranks. tion, the union of professional actors and with AIDS, the scourge of our Nation. Today, Ellsworth is the president and chief ex­ stage managers, which is celebrating its 75th As an organization that constantly reaches ecutive officer of McKee Baking Co., and Jack anniversary in 1988. out to help its members and the community, is the executive vice president and chief oper­ Equity, the oldest of the major actors' Equity continues to monitor national and world ating officer. Several grandchildren are now unions in the United States, was formed by events so as to keep pace with a changing involved in the operation, including Ellsworth's 112 actors on May 26, 1913, in New York society, and to provide new avenues of em­ daughter Debra, who is the vice president of City. Today, it represents over 39,000 mem­ ployment for its members, whose work does human resources and has been appointed bers living in all 50 States and working in the- so much to enrich America's cultural life. general manager of the Virginia plant. 12210 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 24, 1988 Aside from his excellent business record, sion of the 60th anniversary of the General cial organizations and individuals in our dis­ Mr. McKee cares about people in our commu­ Joseph Haller American Legion Post No. 95. I tricts. Please be reassured that I will be doing nity. His employees are involved in the Adopt­ place them here in honor of this great group this when I place the name of the General A-School Program, as well as junior achieve­ of vets: Joseph Haller American Legion Post No. 95 in ment and other activities that support the edu­ It is a very great honor for me to be here the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. cation and leadership potential of area youth. today! I hope you all realize how important the Best wishes to you all on this special occa­ Little Debbie Snack Cakes are shared with the General Joseph Haller Memorial Post No. 95 sion. Most of all, congratulations for a job well less fortunate in the community through the means to me. Yet I am especially privileged done! Chattanooga Food Bank and other local chari­ and honored to participate in this 60th anni­ table organizations. versary celebration. You are all a great bunch A commitment to progressive management of people-people who take pride in the fact ACHIEVEMENT BY HUTCHISON has kept the company at the forefront of the that you are Americans as well as-for many SCHOOL STUDENTS NOTED snack industry. Mr. McKee applies the highest of you-in your Polish heritage. Most impor­ ethical and moral standards and strives for ex­ tantly however, you are veterans-men who cellence in all phases of his operation. risked life and limb to keep our Nation free. HON. DON SUNDQUIST From the earliest years, Mr. McKee has Yes indeed, you are all my kind of people, and OF TENNESSEE been committed to giving customers good I wouldn't have missed this event for the value for their money. With a winning combi­ world. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nation of great taste and good value, his prod­ Your American Legion Post has built such Tuesday, May 24, 1988 ucts are rapidly becoming America's first an impressive record over the past several choice in snacks. decades in serving both the needs of veterans Mr. SUNDQUIST. Mr. Speaker, early this His company cares about the well-being of and the Polish community. It was indeed a month a group of students from the Hutchison its employees. Mr. McKee seeks to provide an special happening when, in 1918, vets of the School in Memphis, TN. will be representing environment for personal development and Spanish-American war, the Mexican incident, their school and State in a series of prestigi­ advancement that attracts, stimulates, and re­ and World War I came together and laid the ous academic competitions, and I would like wards outstanding employees whose ability foundations for Post No. 95, which received to take just a moment to call their achieve­ and integrity are recognized as essential to its charter 10 years later. You of course know ment to the attention of this House. the company's progress. these facts; however, I urge you to reflect For the tt ird year, teams from the Hutchi­ Mr. McKee is also widely known for his civic upon them so that you may feel the pride you son School will be representing Tennessee in endeavors and has been the recipient of nu­ so deserve to feel. the world finals of Odyssey of the Mind, an merous, professional and civic awards includ­ Think about it. The members of Post No. 95 international competition in creative problem ing the prestigious 1987 Chattanooga Area have done so much good for our vets. Your solving. This year, Hutchison School is repre­ Manager of the Year Award. This well-de­ observance of Memorial Day has been flaw­ sented in three categories. served award recognizes Mr. McKee as an ex­ less and carried out with the degree of re­ In the category " Classics-It's Showtime," ecutive manager who has made a significant spect which it so deserves. The private burial the school is represented by Megan Arthur, contribution to the success of the Chattanoo­ ground which you have established at St. Betsy Carey, Nicole Case, Jenny George, ga area. Stanislaus Cemetery is a poignant gesture to Marti McFarland, Julia Spear, and Caroline His other awards include: 1985, National the memories of past members. The 29 differ­ Whittle. This team is coached by Caroline Heritage Award presented by the Downtown ent community activities in which the post has Whittle, assisted by Van Spear. Sertoma Club; 1982, Community Improvement been involved are also very important. In addi­ In the category "Straddle Structure," the Award presented by Scenic Cities Beautiful tion, the efforts of James Szymanski and Commission; 1979, Arthur G. Vieth Award pre­ others in helping foreign immigrants-most of competitors are Claire Covington, Jessica sented by the chamber of commerce; 1978, them Polish-become U.S. citizens after Dan, Brooks Irvine, Marion Jones, Jessica St. Alumnus of the Year Award from Southern having fought for our country in battle is also John, and Alexandra Slater. The group is College. worthy of great praise. coached by linda St. John, assisted by Jac­ He has a large number of civic and profes­ However, do you want to know what Post quelyn Hass. sional services to his credit. A few of these in­ number 95's greatest contribution is? It has In the category "Comics," the Hutchison clude: Chamber of Commerce-board of di­ kept alive ideas such as "patriotism" and School team is comprised of Chrissie Centko, rectors, Allied Arts Council, American Lung " courage", and the importance of serving Katherine Doughtie, Charlotte Dowell, Katie Association, Rotary Club, Adopt-a-School Ad­ one's country when duty calls. Your members Hollingsworth, Amanda Joachimi, Annie Tauer, visory Board, Southern College Board, Chris­ continued to wave the flag high when some and Stacey Wilson. This team is coached by tian Businessmen's Committee, American chose to denounce military service and to Olivia Dowell, assisted by Diane Hollings­ Baker's Association-board of governors. taunt our own troops. In terms of ideas you worth. I am honored and privileged to represent decided to stick with winners. "Patriotism" The Odyssey of the Mind World Finals will O.D. McKee in the U.S. Congress. His years and "courage" are the ideas of winners. You be held at the University of Maryland June 2- of experience in business and community af­ are all winners too. 4. fairs has led his company, which is based on Yet let us also remember the friendship of Hutchison School will also be represented high ethical standards and Christian principles, our dear old friend Congressman Eddie Gar­ into becoming one of the finest businesses in at the 14th International Future Problem Solv­ matz. It was hard without him at last year's ing Conference, to be held June 12-15 at the the Nation. I commend him for his excellence Memorial Day Service, and it will be just as and with him all the best for many years of University of Michigan. This competition, hard at this year's observance. I know, howev­ which challenges young people to address future success. er, that Eddie would have loved to be here problems that are global in scope, finds today. He loved Post 95, and always did ev­ Hutchison represented by Heath Acuff, Lauren erything he could for it-even when he was 16TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE Carroll, Amanda Mercer, Burson Taylor, and GENERAL JOSEPH HALLER sick and dying. So let's remember our friend AMERICAN LEGION POST NO. Eddie; indeed this occasion is not as great as Ashley Thompson. The team is coached by 95 it would be if he were still here. Sandra Henson. So I wish you, Commander Henry Beaudet, Mr. Speaker, these young ladies represent HON. HELEN DELICH BENTLEY and all other members of Post No. 95 the well the Hutchison School's well-deserved happiest of birthdays. I've been there for you reputation for academic excellence. I hope my OF MARYLAND colleagues will join me in saluting their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the past, and I will always be there for you in the future. I've said it before and I'll say it achievement. Tuesday, May 24, 1988 again: I love America's veterans, each and Mrs. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, below are every one. We Members of Congress like to some remarks I recently made on the occa- tell our colleagues about all the different spe- May 24, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12211 TELEPHONE MEETING BETWEEN What really distinguishes our society from Shcharansky's book begins on that late CONGRESS AND REFUSENIKS a totalitarian society like the Soviet Union afternoon in March 1977 when KGB agents COINCIDES WITH PUBLICA­ is the whole issue of personal choice. In the as part of their attempt to crush the Soviet Soviet Union, everything is laid out for you, Jewish dissident movement seized Shchar­ TION OF BOOK BY FORMER while we have to choose what we want to do ansky outside an apartment on Gorky REFUSENIK NATAN SHCHAR­ and what kind of people we want to be. It's Street in downtown Moscow. It recounts his ANSKY the luxury of choice, but also the tyranny nine-year odyssey through the Soviet legal of choice. That's the price you pay for being system, the 16 months of interrogation and free-and Natan, who is such an amazingly isolation, the secret trial on trumped-up HON. JACK F. KEMP perceptive and lucid person, knows it very charges of treason and spying for the CIA, OF NEW YORK well. the conviction, the shuttling from Lefortovo IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The relevant point is that all the refuseniks Prison to Vladimir, Chistopol and Perm Camp 35 and back again. It also recounts Tuesday, May 24, 1988 in the Soviet Union who are willing to pay the price should have the right to make those the more than 400 days he spent in isolation cells and the more than 200 days on hunger Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, today, Members of choices. I would like to share with my col­ the House and Senate, with the support of strikes. leagues some of the passages from the Each step of the way Shcharansky fought B'nai B'rith and the National Conference on Washington Post article which best describe his KGB captors with a mental, spiritual Soviet Jewry, organized a telephone meeting the personal choices Natan has had to make, and physical ferocity that at times seemed with refuseniks in the Soviet Union. Special the choices all refuseniks should have. almost suicidal. He baited, mocked and phone lines were set up to receive prear­ NATAN SHCHARANSKY AND THE SNARES OF often outsmarted them, performing a peril­ ranged calls from refuseniks in five different FREEDOM-THE UNFORESEEN STRUGGLES OF A ous existential ballet. He says he knew from cities. FREED SOVIET DISSIDENT the start that had he ever given in, decided I was proud to consponsor this event with (By Glenn FrankeD to cooperate on even the smallest matter, he my good friends and colleagues from New would have been lost forever. He worked JERUSALEM.-Freedom has its own set of from one principle: "Nothing they do can Jersey and Arizona, Senator FRANK LAUTEN­ chains and extracts its own special price. So humiliate me. I alone can humiliate BERG, and Senator DENNIS DECONCINI. The it is with Natan Shcharansky, who has myself." purpose was to demonstrate the commitment found that in some ways he was a freer, sim­ Even upon his release, he refused to coop­ of Congress to the cause of Soviet Jewry, to pler man in the purifying silence of a Soviet erate, demanding that officials return his isolation cell that he is in the loud, turbu­ Psalm book-they relented-and walking a show those Jews in the Soviet Union, who lent, entangling world of the West. have been denied permission to leave, that zigzag line in the snow when his keepers de­ "In the punishment cell I was inwardly a manded he walk straight to the airplane their right to emigrate remains a high priority free man," writes the former Soviet prisoner for the United States. that flew him to East Berlin and freedom. of conscience in his new autobiography. Shcharansky says the book, which has al­ I've had the honor of meeting with refuse­ ". . . Every day brought only one choice: good or evil, white or black, saying yes or no ready been translated into nine languages, niks in the Soviet Union, and the pleasure of is designed primarily to help westerners un­ shaking their hands when they arrived in free­ to the KGB ... And now, lost in thousands of mundane choices, I suddenly realize that derstand the essential nature of the empire dom. But these few are only a small number there's no time to reflect on the bigger ques­ they face as they size up the motives and in­ of the hundreds of thousands of Jews who tions. How to enjoy the vivid colors of free­ tentions of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorba­ remain in the Soviet Union, separated from dom without losing the existential depth I chev. To Shcharansky, Gorbachev poses their families, harassed, denied religious free­ felt in prison?" both a great opportunity and a great dom. While we celebrate the release of the It has been more than two years since danger: If the West mistakes him for a that frozen February morning when champion of human rights and embraces few, we will continue to work for the many him too warmly, it will get nothing. But if it who remain. Shcharansky, as part of an East-West pris­ oner exchange, literally leaped across the sees Gorbachev for what he is, a loyal Com­ On the eve of the summit between Presi­ Berlin border after nine years behind bars. munist but a hard-eyed realist who under­ dent Reagan and Secretary Gorbachev, it is The two years since then have been a dizzy­ stands just how serious and deep his coun­ important that we demonstrate the strong ing swirl of dreams come true-he has been try's problems are, it can extract many con­ commitment that we, and the people whom reunited with his wife and his family, fa­ cessions while helping the Soviet Union we represent, have for the cause of freedom thered his first child and established a life move slowly in a positive direction. for Jews in the Soviet Union. The importance in Israel, the Jewish homeland that he The withdrawal from Afghanistan, the dreamed of living in during two decades of new limited-range nuclear missile treaty, of the fact that so many Members of the future arms control agreements-all depend House and Senate participated in this phone stubborn struggle against the massive power of the Soviet empire. on the West's maintaining a firm stance, meeting today was not lost on the refuseniks. . . . he loves the sounds and smells and Shcharansky insists. He hopes his book, by I know that by this time tomorrow, every re­ colors of his freedom. "It is as passionate as chronicling in grim detail just how brutal fusenik in the Soviet Union, and all the KGB life, as interesting as life, and it's life itself, the Soviet system can be, will serve as a agents who watch them, will know that these full of love, full of hatred, full of problems warning. He also believes it will be a source conversations took place, and will help to which have to be faced," Shcharansky says. of useful information and hope to Russian But it is also distracting. He fears he is readers, who he trusts will have access to maintain the extraordinary courage necessary smuggled copies. for each refusenik to greet another day in re­ losing the clear focus and the commitment that burned inside of him when he sat shiv­ In the Soviet Union, Natan Shcharansky fusal. ering on a hard wooden bench in the frozen was a unifying figure who bridged the gap The telephone link-up sent a strong signal darkness of the gulag beyond human reach, between Jewish dissidents and other human to the Kremlin in support of our administra­ although never beyond hope. And he fears rights activists. His Jewish identity and his tion's policy that resolving the problem of losing his spiritual connection to those Zionism were his anchor, but his message Soviet Jewry is, and will remain, an integral fellow prisoners he left behind. and struggle were universal ones. part of the Soviet-American agenda. There "This inner connection is becoming more In Israel, it is not so simple. While his cre­ must be progress on human rights if the Sovi­ and more weak," Shcharansky says with dentials as a spokesman for Soviet Jewry deep regret. He recalls a desperate letter he are unassailable, he does not cross over into ets expect to have realistic dicussions on received a few days ago from the wife of the mainstream of human rights issues with other issues. Paruir Airikyan, an Armenian nationalist the same ease. Part of it is by choice: The phone meeting coincided with the publi­ and one-time fellow prisoner, pleading for Shcharansky says he has concentrated on cation of an article by Glenn Frankel in the his help after the Soviet authorities rear­ Soviet Jewry in order not to have his enor­ Washington Post about Natan Shcharansky, a rested her husband recently. "In the camp mous influence sapped by too many causes. refusenik leader while imprisoned in the Soviet my response to such a thing would have But there is another important reason. Union, and a leader of the world Jewry move­ been immediate. But I've been so busy here For Shcharansky to become a human rights with important things, important meetings leader beyond his own important but ment now that he is in Israel. The article high­ and so on, that up to now, I haven't done narrow cause, critics contend, he must first lights Natan's struggles to come to terms with anything." deal with the human rights question in Isra­ life in the West, as described by Peter Osnos, In some ways, he concludes with a hint of el's own closet-the Palestinians. As the up­ editor of Natan's newly published-and long­ remorse, freedom "makes my life much rising moves into its sixth month, nearly 190 awaited-book: more shallow." have been killed, hundreds more wounded 12212 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 24, 1988 by gunfire or beaten, and 5,000 are in LETTING GO crimes by using the guidelines of a special prison, 1,800 of them in administrative de­ There were no notebooks in prison, no commission is in doubt. That method to tention, where they can be held indefinitely chance to write down and preserve all that remove disparities in sentencing was estab­ without charge or triaL Since January, 20 happened to him. And so Shcharansky kept lished in a 1984 law, with a seven-member have been deported from the land of their much of it in his head, using the long twi­ U.S. Sentencing Commission appointed by birth without first being convicted of any light of isolation to memorize names, faces the president. As it was charged to do, the crime, and dozens more have had their and the brutal regimen. Now that the book commission established formulas for judges houses demolished or other property de­ is finished, he says he has started to let go to use in handing down sentences. stroyed. of some of the memories and clear space in That has limited the freedom judges have It is an issue he generally has sought to his brain for other thoughts and new had to set prison terms or other punish­ sidestep, but one that inevitably has projects. ment, which was the objective of the law es­ trapped him. When Palestinians discuss The other day when his heart was pound­ tablishing the commission. Making sure their grievances, they inevitably invoke his ing and his head throbbed the way it used that punishment fits the crimes more uni­ name and his story, drawing painful paral­ to in prison, he fell into an uneasy sleep and formly across the nation requires such lels between the treatment he received in found himself back in his interrogation cell guidelines. Russia and the way Palestinian activists are with KGB Lt. Alexander Solonchenko, one The legal question, however, is whether or treated on the occupied West Bank. They of his more amiable tormentors. In the not Congress delegated a function to a com­ also dwell on the contrast between the dream, the two men could see into Shchar­ mission which it should have exercised warm welcome Israel extended to him and ansky's future and talked about the pros itself. In declaring the sentencing guidelines his family and the reluctance of Israeli au­ and cons of his new life. unconstitutional, Judge Harold H. Greene thorities to allow the reunification of many " I was saying, 'You see, Solonchenko, I of the U.S. District Court in Washington, hundreds of Palestinian families in the oc­ was right in keeping to my line and not sur­ D.C., said that the new system "departs cupied territories. rendering to you,"' Shcharansky recalls. from the basic principle that those who Shcharansky himself senses the trap. "It "And he said back to me, 'Well, I don't know make or administer this nation's laws shall is very difficult for me to speak out about yet, we'll have to see, but this may not be be accountable for their actions." this problem," he says. "The moment I open the last word."' Account ability is lost in this view when my mouth, everyone expects me to draw Friends tell Shcharansky he should try to Congress relinquished its power. parallels between the Soviet Union and forget the nightmare of prison, eradicate it Congress could quickly remove this legal Israel, and this is something which I have to from his memory like a bad dream. This he cloud over t he guidelines by accepting the immediately reject." insists he can never do. "To lose it would be commission 's recommendations and putting He is a true Israeli patriot. Israel, with its a terrible pity," he says. "The idea is to re­ them in to the statutes. It has that author­ fractious political parties and self-destruc­ member about it, and to use it-but wit h a ity, of course, and with such action no con­ tive conflicts, has it faults, he concedes. But smile." stitutional question could be raised. it is a democratic society, not a totalitarian It is the duty of Congress to fix such guidelines and not to avoid extra work or one like the Soviet Union. If Palestinian ACCOUNTABILITY-A DUTY OF rights are denied here, he contends, it is be­ hard decision-making by shifting responsi­ cause Palestinians are not prepared to rec­ CONGRESS bility. Just because it is more difficult to ognize the right of Jews to live in peace in reach compromises between 535 people and their homeland. Israel is at war, fighting for HON. DOUG BEREUTER a president than it is with a seven-member its right to exist, and so the standards he commission is no excuse for avoiding the OF NEBRASKA duty. believes in deeply do not always apply. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In the fall of 1986 he found himself en­ It is interesting to note this reaction, how­ snared when two Palestinians came to plead Tuesday, May 24, 1988 ever, from a judiciary which has among its with him to support the cause of Akram number activists willing to stretch their au­ Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, an excellent thority t o creating law where Congress has Haniye, an Arab newspaper editor slated for recent editorial appeared in the Norfolk, NE, deportation. Shcharansky only learned failed to act or is insufficiently precise. Daily News which I wish to bring to the atten­ later, much to his embarassment, that one tion of my colleagues. of the two, Feisal Husseini, was a leading THE PROBLEM OF supporter of the outlawed Palestine Libera­ "A Duty of Congress," addresses the loss tion Organization, a man who himself has of accountability when Congress relinquishes UNDETECTABLE WEAPONS now been in administrative detention for its power and the action that Congress should eight months. Shcharansky said he was take to re-establish this accountability. Re­ HON. ROBERT J. MRAZEK duped into meeting with Husseini and cently, Judge Harold H. Greene of the U.S. OF NEW YORK issued a public statement denouncing the District Court in Washington, D.C., held that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PLO as a "pestilence" and a "band of cut­ the sentencing guidelines established by the Tuesday, May 24, 1988 throats." seven-member U.S. Sentencing Commission Later, Shcharansky says, he met with Mr. MRAZEK. Mr. Speaker, during the senior Israeli security officials who showed were unconstitutional. The legal question in him parts of Haniye's secret file that alleg­ this case was whether or not Congress dele­ debate on the legislation addressing the prob­ edly proved the editor has been receiving in­ gated a function to a commission which it lem of undetectable weapons, I received this structions and funds from the PLO abroad. should have exercised itself. The editorial writ­ letter from law-enforcement groups, who have Haniye and his lawyers were not allowed to er's point of view was that Congress should been extremely involved in this issue. I would see the file because the authorities said dis­ immediately use its authority by accepting the like to submit this letter into the CONGRES­ closure of its contents might jeopardize commission's recommendations and putting SIONAL RECORD. their intelligence sources. He dropped his them into statue. This action would not only MAY 9, 1988. legal appeal in protest and was deported. remove the legal cloud hanging over the Hon. ROBERT J. MRAZEK, Shcharansky is aware of the irony-that U.S. House of Repr esentatives, the man who himself was victimized by guidelines, but it would also restore a level of accountablity that is required of Congress by Washington, DC. Soviet secret files now defends the use of DEAR CONGRESSMAN MRAZEK, t he law en­ one by his adopted homeland. It is regretta­ the U.S. Constitution. I agree with the editorial forcement community is appreciative of ble, he agrees, but justifiable. writer's view that it is the duty of Congress to your leadership in addressing the problem "Some Israelis on the left are so naive," remedy this situation and not to avoid extra of undetectable weapons. We are pleased he says. "We have to be ready to speak to work or hard decision making by shifting re­ that the House is poised to enact legislation the Palestinians and to offer real initiatives sponsibility. addressing this serious public safety prob­ for peace, but the Arabs themselves are not I include the editorial in the CONGRESSIONAL lem. ready. It would be so easy for me to do what RECORD: As you know, after years of concentrated people want-to meet with Palestinians and effort the law enforcement community has say we Soviet Jews have the same problems [From the Norfolk Queens Borough Fellows throughout the year. The Fellows par­ trained in the world. The tragedy of high un­ Community College for the last 17 years, ticipate in a thorough orientation program; employment in that country can be partially Irving Slade initiated programs and standards enjoy the chance to visit Canada for a week ameliorated by this project. that serve as models for other colleges. He of seminars and meetings on Canadian Gov­ Not only will PT AT bolster commerical and established the admissions services center ernment and politics; and attend numerous employment growth in the two well-estab­ which aids students in need of academic and social events, meetings and discusisons fo­ lished financial centers of New York and personal counseling. He also created cross­ cusing on a wide variety of issues. It is not, London, it will also help foster Ireland's evolu­ cultural counseling to help recently naturalized however, just the Fellows and the Congress tion as a major communications hub. The Irish Americans adjust to college, and developed that benefit from this extraordinary effort. As Government has demonstrated a deep com­ standards for eligibility for student government the participants return to their many home in­ mitment to developing its telecommunications leaders to ensure that elected student leaders stitutions, organizations and agencies, the infrastructure, which will allow the country to are truly representative of the student body. knowledge and insights gained are shared become a communications leader in its own Over the years Dean Slate has been hon­ with associates and audiences throughout the right. ored and recognized for his achievements and United States and other countries. For many years, Ireland has desired the service during his outstanding career. He As a former political science professor and ability to communicate directly with the United served as president of the renowned New student of Congress, I have long been aware States. However, until the advent of the PT AT York Association of Humanistic Education and of the value of this outstanding program-and system, it has been reliant on the United King­ Development. particularly of the opportunity it has given dom for telecommunications access via transit Seven years ago he established a program many young scholars and journalists to experi­ routes. PTAT will serve as Ireland's first direct at Queensborough Community College and ence the workings of Congress firsthand and fiber optic communications channel to United has improved relations Between China and thus to add a vital dimension to their writing States markets. the United States. Hundreds of students from and teaching. This year, however, presented It is clear that the PTA T system will be a the People's Republic of China have come to me the special opportunity to have an out­ significant factor in the burgeoning expansion Queensborough's port of entry program to standing Fellow work in my own House office of worldwide communications. By participating learn the English language, and adjust to life and hence to know the program on a personal in PTA T, the United States will enhance its in the United States before attending college level. I am now even more convinced of the competitive opportunities abroad, as well as in our country. important contributions the APSA Congres­ support the efforts of Ireland and help ease Dean Slade worked closely with the Chi­ sional Program makes to Congress, to the the unemployment crisis in that nation. This nese Embassy here in Washington, DC, and participants and to the country as a whole. transatlantic link will result in the strengthen­ the consulate in New York City to make this ing of our economies, our leadership positions unique program between America and China a in international trade, and indeed, our friend­ success. MARSHA SIEGEL: FEDERAL ship. For nearly four decades Irving Slade has WORKER OF THE MONTH dedicated himself to making colleges and uni­ versities respond to the needs of students. HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ TRIBUTE TO DEAN IRVING L. His tireless efforts have improved the lives of OF NEW YORK SLADE thousands of people. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Queensborough Community College, the Tuesday, May 24, 1988 HON. GARY L. ACKERMAN City University of New York, the people of OF NEW YORK New York City, and all friends of higher edu­ Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, I wish to pay IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cation will miss this outstanding public serv­ tribute to Ms. Marsha Siegel as Federal worker of the month in New York for June Tuesday, May 24, 1988 ant. I ask my colleagues to join me in wishing 1988. She has been in the employ of the dis­ Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today Irving Slade many more years of success, and trict Social Security office as a service repre­ to ask my colleagues to join me in offering the best of luck in all future educational sentative for over 15 years. congratulations to Dean Irving L. Slade of projects he pursues. Ms. Siegel consistently demonstrated ex­ Queensborough Community College, who is ceptional ability through her accuracy and retiring after 35 years of dedicated service to completeness in her work. Her extensive and the City University of New York. APSA's CONGRESSIONAL FEL- detailed technical knowledge enables her not In 1941, Irving Slade interrupted his college LOWSHIP PROGRAM CELE- only to handle the full range of duties, but studies to answer his country's call, and BRATES 35TH ANNIVERSARY also to perform the most difficult special as­ joined the U.S. Army. He received an honora­ signments with exceptional competence. Ms. ble discharge after participating in such nota­ HON. DAVID E. PRICE Siegel works with constituents, processing ble campaigns as the Normandy invasion, and OF NORTH CAROLINA their claims, answering their questions, and re­ the Battle of the Bulge. After the war, he en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sponding to their inquiries. rolled in Columbia University's Teachers Col­ Ms. Siegel produces work in an outstanding lege under the Gl bill, and earned a masters Tuesday, May 24, 1988 manner regardless of pressures. She handles degree and doctorate in education. Mr. PRICE of North Carolina. Mr. Speaker, I an incredible workload with unequaled speed Irving Slade began his career with the rise to commend the American Political Sci­ in a most professional way. Such work is done CUNY as the university entered a challenging ence Association upon the 35th anniversary of with clarity, organization, and completeness. period. As the New York City population its Congressional Fellowship Program. Above and beyond her work, Ms. Siegel is changed, the City University adapted to meet Over the past 35 years, APSA has provided most responsive to her fellow workers and is the needs of a growing minority population the chance for over 1 ,300 Fellows in the fields a fine example to other employees. Her en­ seeking college degrees. He played a crucial of journalism, political science, foreign affairs, thusiasm in performing her job, and her devo­ role in making City University a realistic option health, anthropology and public policy to learn tion to the highest standards of public service 12216 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 24, 1988 makes her one of the most outstanding Haddon Township, NJ. Seeing solutions to In 1964 Mr. Hardenbergh became a com­ people in the Federal employ today. I am glad problems in his community, he decided that missioner, a post he was elected to five to honor her. involvement in the affairs of his community times until 1987 when he and Rohrer were could lead to successful results. defeated. It wasn't Mr. Hardenbergh's first defeat. TRIBUTE TO FATHER LEONARD His neighbors and friends certainly saw that He ran for state assembly in 1970 and lost. BURCKI commitment to service in Dick. Pleased with He tried for state Senate in 1973 and lost their commissioner, they elected him and re­ again. elected him to his office for 13 years. Mr. Hardenbergh served as Camden HON. DAVID E. BONIOR Thirteen years of elective service and dec­ County Republican Chairman for two years OF MICHIGAN ades more of public service made Dick an im­ and was chairman for three campaigns. He IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES portant part of all the communities that he was chairman of the Camden County Re­ Tuesday, May 24, 1988 served. He will be missed for the services that publican party Executive Committee and, when he sought the party's endorsement for Mr. BONIOR. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to he performed and for the commitments that Congress in 1971 he was turned down. rise today to join the congregation of Saint he made to his community. "In the political environment Dick wasn't Angela Rectory in recognizing Father Leonard I would like to express my sympathies to tough enough," explained DeFelicis "He Burcki on the 50th anniversary of his ordina­ Dick's wife, Virginia, to his children, to his was such a nice maybe too nice for politics." tion to the Catholic priesthood on June 11, grandchildren, and to his friends. As the fol­ While disappointed with not becoming a lowing article describes, in his life, Richard congressman, Mrs. Hardenbergh said he was 1988. never bitter and was extremely pleased Father Burcki was born in 1911. He attend­ Hardenbergh touched the lives of many others through the spirit of service: when the township last year named the old ed Sacred Heart Seminary in Detroit and Crystal Lake: "The Richard C. Hardenbergh Mount St. Mary's Seminary of the West in [From the Camden Courier-Post] Recreational Facility." Norwood, OH. He was ordained by the late RICHARD C. HARDENBERGH, Ex-HADDON Besides his wife, he is survived by a son, Edward Cardinal Mooney at the Cathedral of TOWNSHIP OFFICIAL, DIES Richard J., of Voorhees; two daughters, the Most Blessed Sacrament in Detroit on J ody H. Tucci of Cherry Hill and Ann H. either end up losing control of their own selfless devotion to the cause of equality. And The United States, war on drugs has re­ countrysides or must begin shooting at their this year's honorees truly represent the spirit cently led to the attempted ouster of Pana­ own citizens. of Hubert Humphrey and the noble cause he ma's military leader, the virtual kidnapping When foreign governments crack down on fought for. of a Honduran, new efforts to burn crops in drug suppliers at America's request, drug Ellen Goodman, as a syndicated columnist suppliers have to start bribing local officials Bolivia and a proposed congressional resolu­ with a national readership, has used her im­ tion accusing Mexican officials of accepting to get their supplies out of the country. bribes. Only a short time ago, similar ac­ Without the enormous profits that have pressive talents to remind America of its com­ tions were directed at Pakistan, Colombia, been generated in the United States, such mitment to equality and to the building of a Peru, Turkey and Thailand. bribes could not be paid. just and compassionate society. Her eloquent Our efforts to interdict drug supplies Who is to be blamed-the Mexicans who words-particularly on behalf of women-have abroad have failed. Instead, we should take those bribes or the Americans whose been and continue to be an inspiration for us reduce the demand for drugs at home. The purchases make those bribes possible? What all to work harder to realize the true promise current approach has also led us to demand is needed is a demand-side solution in the of America. actions of others that we would not for a United States, not a supply-side solution in moment tolerate if asked of us. Consider the rest of the world. TED KENNEDY has been my friend and col­ what we would do if a foreign government Industries disappear only when the league since he first came to Congress in kidnapped one of our citizens or if its parlia­ demand for their products disappear. The 1962. There has not been an issue in the area ment passed a resolution accusing us of effort to stop drugs has to focus on the user, of civil rights that TED has not been involved complicity with drug dealers. not the supplier. It involves education pro­ in. The major civil rights acts of the 1960's Moreover, we reject mobilization of our grams to prevent addiction, the arrest and and 1970's, the extension of the Voting Rights police and armed forces to interdict drugs at incarceration of all users and changes in the Act in 1982, reversing the Grove City ruling, American borders, because it would create social environment of the poor who buy too much of a temptation for American offi­ heroin and the rich who buy cocaine. How­ strengthening our fair housing laws, protecting cials. Yet opportunities for corruption that ever difficult, all possible solutions lie on the rights of all Americans. In every one of are unacceptable here are apparently con­ the demand side. these issues-TED KENNEDY was there to rally sidered acceptable "over there." A demand-side solution would be expen­ and energize America on behalf of the civil Those running our war on drugs under­ sive. Jailing buyers, educating addicts and rights cause. stand neither economics nor history nor for­ changing the conditions that lead to patho­ Mr. Speaker, I want to congratulate this eign cultures. logical behavior-none of these are cheap. year's recipients of the Hubert H. Huphrey Their economic ignorance is collossal. But effective interdiction of drugs at our Award and to commend the leadership Con­ Drug sellers face what in the jargon of the borders would require an enormous army of economics profession is known as an inelas­ guards. Foreign interdiction is often advo­ ference on· Civil Rights for continuing to tic demand curve. Put simply, this means cated as a cheap alternative to expensive, remind us all that the preservation of civil that if supplies are cut back by 10 percent, politically divisive policies at home, but that rights remains a collective effort and one that prices rise by more than 10 percent, leaving view is a mirage. is far from over. With your permission, I would the seller with higher profits than he had The war on drugs is not going to be won like to conclude my remarks with Senator before the cutback. on the streets of Karachi, Medellin, Colom­ KENNEDY's eloquent words of acceptance on If our goal is to deprive criminals of large bia, or Mexico City. It can be won only on receiving the Hubert H. Humphrey Award. profits from selling drugs, economic theory the streets of New York and Los Angeles. If and history teach us that legalization is the we do not want to pay the costs of winning REMARKS OF SENATOR EDWARD M. KENNEDY only answer. When liquor sales were legal­ the war on drugs in America, there is no ON RECEIVING THE HUBERT H. HUUPHREY ized after Prohibition, criminals left the "there" where it can be won. A WARD FROM THE LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE bootleg liquor industry because the huge kind words. We all know the debt we owe making it illegal, we make a statement that him. For the better part of half a century, society has concluded that drug use is not in he has been America's conscience on civil the self-interest of the individual and the THE LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE rights. He started out as a Supreme Court nation. But if we do not legalize products ON CIVIL RIGHTS PRESENTS law clerk for both Justice Cardozo and Jus­ for which there is a huge demand, profits THE 1988 HUBERT H. HUM­ tice Frankfurter-and went on from there. will remain enormous and suppliers will PHREY AWARDS We honor him as a brilliant lawyer, New always come forward. Individual sellers can Deal architect, defender against McCarthy­ be arrested, but others will take their place. ism, and lifelong champion of civil rights. Viewed from the perspective of a foreign HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. There is no better ally in the foxhole when country such as Pakistan, where I once OF NEW JERSEY the going is toughest, and no more coura­ worked as a development economist, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES geous and tenacious fighter for America's United States' antidrug policies are simply highest ideals than the man we proudly call arrogant. In many places, local peasant fam­ Tuesday, May 24, 1988 Mr. Liberal- Joe Rauh. ilies have grown marijuana, coca or opium Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, earlier this I also want to pay tribute to another great for hundreds of years. Suddenly they are or­ month, I was privileged to attend the Leader­ miracle worker of the civil rights move­ dered not to grow what they have always ship Conference on Civil Rights' annual ment-Chairman Peter Rodino. Often, grown. when the Senate was sounding an uncertain Americans would never accede to such a awards dinner, organized by my good friends trumpet, it was Peter Rodino who took up request. Suppose some foreign government Ben Hooks and Ralph Neas, where Senator the challenge, guided the House into action, asked us to suppress tobacco farmers (per­ EDWARD M. KENNEDY and writer Ellen Good­ and made victory irresistible. And let me tell haps burn their fields) to improve public man were the recipients of this year's Hubert you, nothing stiffens the backbone of the health? H. Humphrey Award. Senate more on civil rights than to have a Not surprisingly, foreign peasants, know­ This very special and meaningful award Rodino bill on the Senate calendar. On Wa­ ing nothing of our drug problem, expand honors the memory of one of the leaders in tergate, on civil rights, and on countless their production. Sales of drug crops are the the struggle for equality in our Nation-the other issues he has been a brilliant leader best and perhaps the only way to escape for our age, and we shall miss him in the generations of poverty. Drug merchants late Hubert H. Humphrey. From that night at battles that lie ahead. even become local heroes, as seen in Hondu­ the Democratic Convention in 1948 when I also commend the other honorees this ras when Washington obtained the extradi­ Hubert, then the young mayor of Minneapolis, evening. Ellen Goodman h as demonstrated tion of Juan Ramon Matta, a purported electrified the Nation with his call for a civil a special understanding of contemporary drug trafficker. rights plank in the Democratic platform-until America and a deep sensitivity to the plight 12222 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 24, 1988 of the less fortunate in our midst, and the They attempted to roll back the executive with children. With strong support from the honor she receives tonight is richly de­ order requiring affirmative action-but Con­ Leadership Conference, fair housing legisla­ served. gress stood its ground. tion has at last begun to move forward in I also want to commend Del Lewis for his They tried to put Robert Bork on the Su­ the House of Representatives, and I intend outstanding work on behalf of civil rights. preme Court-but the largest Senate major­ to do all I can in the Senate to see that it is Del has ably demonstrated that private em­ ity in history voted against his confirma­ on President Reagan's desk before Congress ployment and public service are not incon­ tion. adjourns this year. sistent. And his enlightened leadership of They cast the first veto in 121 years on a Another important item of unfinished the Washington business community is an civil rights bill-but Congress overrode the business on civil rights involves the issue of example for us all. veto, enacted the Grove City bill, and re­ capital punishment. A year ago, the Su­ I am honored to be part of this distin­ fused to take America back to the days of preme Court issued an unfortunate ruling guished company, and doubly honored tore­ President Andrew Johnson. rejecting the use of statistical evidence to ceive an award named for our friend and The Administration failed in all of these prove that the death penalty is applied in one of the greatest Senators of the century. reactionary efforts-and they failed in no an unfair and racially discriminatory way. Hubert Humphrey had that rare combina­ small part because of the success of the That ruling shocked many of us, and I will tion of an idealist's passionate commitment Leadership Conference. soon be introducing legislation to overturn to social justice and a politician's enthusi­ We could not have won these victories for the Court's decision. asm for the political process. He led the justice without you. But above all, we I oppose the death penalty, because I fight in the Senate for the landmark Civil needed your assistance in the Battle over regard it as cruel and unusual punishment, Rights Act of 1964, and no one deserves Bork. America is unique for many reasons, and someday I hope to see a Supreme Court more credit for its passage. We all know and one of the most important is our com­ that will declare it unconstitutional. But in what a better and fairer country this would mitment to the ideal of equal justice under the meantime, if capital punishment is to be today, if our dear great friend had won the Constitution. But the Constitution is continue to be used at all, then race must that watershed election of 1968, and Amer­ neither self-evident nor self-enforcing and never be a factor in the determination by ica had had eight years of leadership by the last work on its meaning is left to nine judges and juries of who shall live and who President Hubert Humphrey. fallible 'human beings, the Justices of the shall die. It also gives me special pride to accept this Supreme Court. And so the debate over In other respects as well, our long nation­ award from the Leadership Conference on Judge Bork became nothing less than a pro­ al history of discrimination still casts a Civil Rights. From the struggle to end found and far-reaching debate on the mean­ shadow over the land. The battle for equal school segregation in the 1950's, through ing of the Constitution itself. rights is also a battle for social and econom­ the enactment of the fundamental civil The outcome was an overwhelming rejec­ ic justice. But a generation after passage of rights statutes of the sixties and seventies, tion of the dead hand of original intent, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Black income is to the great battles of the eighties to pre­ an equally overwhelming reaffirmation of still only fifty-seven percent of white serve our victories against the far right, the the truth that the Constitution is a living income. Black Americans are nearly three Leadership Conference has been the guiding charter of liberty, designed to do justice in a times more likely to live in poverty than force in America's continuing national changing, growing nation. Our rights as whites. And the infant mortality rate for effort to achieve the constitutional promise Americans were not frozen in place in 1787, nonwhites is nearly twice that for whites. of equal justice under law for all citizens. and no Administration can freeze them into When Martin Luther King was taken place in 1988. from us twenty years ago last month, he Civil rights is the unfinished business of In recent months, supporters of Judge had begun a new phase of his crusade-by America, and no one knows it better or does Bork have renewed their attacks on the con­ reminding America that eradicating the it better than the Leadership Conference on firmation process. Some critics have even evils of racism requires more than simply re­ Civil Rights. suggested that future nominees to the High moving the legal barriers to equality. It also You have been blessed with able leaders­ Court should not testify before Senate Com­ demands bold steps to end the poverty and from your distinguished founders, A. Philip mittees. isolation that are the bitter harvest of dis­ Randolph, Roy Wilkins and Arnold Aron­ What the critics are questioning is the crimination. Especially in recent years, son, to your legendary former chairman right of the American people to participate America has too often seemed to turn away Clarence Mitchell, to your strong current in the confirmation process by letting their from equal justice, by extolling private self­ leader Ben Hooks and your able Executive Senators know how they feel about a Su­ ishness as a public virtue, and by preaching Director, Ralph Neas. preme Court nominee's view of the Consti­ contempt for the role of government in im­ The famous American moto "E Pluribus tution. There is nothing wrong with a public proving people's lives. Unum" has no better example than the ex­ check on the confirmation process-espe­ But America is now awakening to the re­ traordinary unifying force for civil rights cially when a President is blatantly and ad­ ality that neither laissez-faire economics, that you have created out of your diverse mittedly attempting to tamper with the Su­ nor Hollywood public relations, nor even as­ coalition of member organizations. No preme Court by appointing Justices of a trological consultations can solve the prob­ matter how hard our opponents have particular ideological stripe. In fact, citizen lems that confront us. Government can, and fought or how much they have spent participation is an essential part of the ap­ must, play a positive role in addressing the against us, no one-not Jesse Helms, not pointment process in our democracy be­ problems of hunger, housing, poverty, dis­ Brad Reynolds, not Ed Meese, not Robert cause it helps the public to accept the legiti­ ease and illiteracy that press millions of our Bork, not even Ronald Reagan-have been macy and finality of the Court's decisions citizens down, and deny them the true op­ able to defeat us or turn us back. on the fundamental meaning of the Consti­ portunity of America. Meeting those needs Thanks to you, there is a veto proof ma­ tution. The people of America taught that within the constraints of a two hundred bil­ jority in Congress for civil rights, and a veto lesson to President Franklin Roosevelt in lion dollar federal deficit may well be our majority for civil rights in the hearts of the the 1930's, and it was not wrong for the foremost civil rights challenge in the re­ American people. I am here tonight not people to teach the same lesson to President maining years of this century. only to congratulate you for your achieve­ Reg,gan in the 1980's. Finally, this evening I want to mention ments of the past, but to tell you that we Although the present Administration is in one other issue of civil rights that has re­ are ready to make even greater progress in its final months, our civil rights battles with cently been before the Senate-the need to the years ahead-beginning on Inaugura­ it are far from over. The next important act effectively against the disease called tion Day, January 20, 1989. item on our agenda in Congress is fair hous­ AIDS. The fundamental issue is whether For the past eight years, we have endured ing. Twenty years after passage of the Fair Congress and the country will win the battle an Administration that has attempted to re­ Housing Act of 1968, discrimination in hous­ against the virus by treating it as the public verse four decades of progress on civil rights ing continues to plague America in epidemic health emergency it is, or whether we will under both Democratic and Republican proportions. In 1985, the Department of lose the battle, and bring untold suffering Presidents and bipartisan majorities in Con­ Housing and Urban Development estimated and disaster on ourselves, by yielding to the gress. The sad saga, of their assaults on that two million incidents of racial discrimi­ bigoted and self-defeating impulse to make equal justice is all to familiar. nation in housing take place every year. it an ideological crusade. Many of you have They sought tax-breaks for all-white seg­ Over seventy percent of Black families seek­ been in the forefront of our effort to deal regation academies-but the Supreme Court ing to rent a home in America encounter sensibly, effectively and humanely with the said no. discrimination in their search. epidemic. The only way to win the war on They tried to gut the Voting Rights Act­ We need to revise existing law to guaran­ AIDS is to wage it against the virus, not the but overwhelming majorities in the House tee swift and effective enforcement. And we victims of the virus. and Senate strengthened and extended the need to expand the law to forbid discrimina­ In closing, let me say again that I am law instead. tion against the handicapped and families grateful for this award, and mindful of its May 24, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12223 meaning. I am also mindful of the fact that U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, tions under which the United States will without your tireless efforts, none of the Washington, DC, March 14, 1988. agree to terminate U.S. assistance to the great civil rights achievements of the past Hon. LEE HAMILTON, guerrilla organizations fighting the Soviet­ three decades could have been accom­ Chairman, Subcommittee on Europe and backed regime in Afghanistan. plished. In that sense, this award also be­ the Middle East, House of Representa­ In your response to my February 19th longs to the Leadership Conference and to tives. letter you stated "we will maintain our as­ all of you-and it belongs to you not only DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I am responding to sistance to the Afghan resistance until we this year, but every year. And may it belong your letter of February 19 to Secretary are satisfied that our goal of an irreversible to you again and again and again, in all the Shultz, inquiring about our policy on Af­ withdrawal of Soviet forces from Afghani­ years to come. ghanistan and aid to the Afghan resistance. stan is assured." However, a letter sent by Our objectives on Afghanistan, which we President Reagan to Senate majority leader share with Pakistan, are a rapid and com­ Byrd apparently stated cessation of U.S. as­ plete withdrawal.of Soviet forces, the return sistance "must be matched by cessation of U.S. AFGHANISTAN POLICY of the refugees with safety and honor, the similar aid" to the pro-Soviet regime in restoration of an independent and nona­ Kabul. ligned Afghanistan, and self-determination These two statements are in conflict. My HON. LEE H. HAMILTON for the Afghan people. question is: Is the end of all Soviet aid to Af­ The key to a solution, of course, is Soviet ghanistan a precondition for cessation of OF INDIANA withdrawal. General Secretary Gorbachev U.S. aid to the Mujahideen or is the initi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has stated that the Soviet Union wants to ation of an "irreversible withdrawal" the commence withdrawals as soon as possible. only precondition? If your answer is the Tuesday, May 24, 1988 We have welcomed his statements and have insisted that the Soviet withdrawal be first, isn't that a change in U.S. position and Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would like to prompt, complete and irreversible, with a what is the reason for this change? bring to the attention of my colleagues corre­ significant portion of the troops leaving Finally, I would appreciate it if you could spondence with the Department of State on early in the process. clarify what, specifically, is the nature of In December 1985, the United States the U.S. role as a "guarantor" of an Afghan the development of U.S policy toward Afghani­ settlement. What responsibility does the stan. These exchanges include seven letters agreed in principle to play the role of a guarantor of a settlement arrived at U.S. incur in this role? As a guarantor, but a spanning the period February to May 1988. through indirect talks at Geneva between non-party to the Geneva negotiations, can The replies by the Department of State am­ Pakistan and Afghanistan under the media­ the U.S. independently interpret elements plify many aspects of policy but do not directly tion of the United Nations, provided that we of the agreement? Specifically what is the address several key elements of U.S. policy were fully satisfied that the complete settle­ U.S. role in interpreting the language in the agreement that states that "outside inter­ toward Afghanistan before and after the suc­ ment would achieve our objectives. This de­ cision, which was fully coordinated within ference" will be ceased at the same time cessful conclusion of the Geneva negotiations the Executive Branch, was conveyed by Am­ that Soviet troop withdrawals begin? on April 14, 1988. bassador Walters to UN Secretary General I appreciate your consideration of this im­ Specifically, the Department failed to re­ Perez de Cuellar. It is important to note portant matter. I look forward to hearing spond fully to inquiries regarding: First, the that the U.S. is not a party to the Geneva from you. conditions under which the United States is negotiations. The Government of Pakistan With best regards, and the Afghan authorities are the parties Sincerely yours, prepared to stop providing aid to the Afghan in these proximity talks. The negotiations LEE H. HAMILTON, resistance; second, the consistency of present have lasted for over five years. Chairman, Subcommittee on Europe U.S. commitments on aiding the Afghan resist­ As guarantors, the U.S. and the Soviet and the Middle East. ance with the U.S. commitments under the Union would agree not to intervene or inter­ Geneva accords not to intervene in the inter­ fere in Afghanistan; we would not guarantee U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, nal affairs of Afghanistan; and third, the dis­ the activity of other nations. We would un­ Washington, DC, April19, 1988. dertake to respect the commitments made Hon. LEE HAMILTON, crepancy between two administration state­ by the Pakistanis and Afghans to one an­ ments issued in February and March 1988 on Chairman, Subcommittee on Europe and the other. Under the Geneva framework, "out­ Middle East, Foreign Affairs Committee, the preconditic.ns for U.S. participation in the side interference" would end at the same House of Representatives Afghan accords as a guarantor power. time that Soviet troop withdrawals began. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Thank you for your The correspondence follows: We have insisted that an end to outside in­ letter of March 18 to the Secretary concern­ COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, terference must include Soviet assistance to ing our policy on Afghanistan. As diplomat­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, the Kabul regime. Secretary Shultz pressed ic events have moved swiftly, I take this op­ this point during his recent discussions in Washington, DC, February 19, 1988. portunity to describe the Afghanistan set­ Moscow. We will maintain our assistance to tlement which was signed in Geneva, April Hon. GEORGE P. SHULTZ, the Afghan resistance until we are satisfied Secretary of State, Department of State, that our goal of an irreversible withdrawal 14. Washington, DC. of Soviet forces from Afghanistan is as­ As you know, Pakistan and the Kabul DEAR MR. SECRETARY: There has been con­ sured. regime have concluded a UN-mediated siderable discussion in the press recently The restoration of Afghanistan's inde­ agreement on Afghanistan for which we about what is United States policy today on pendence is a top foreign policy priority of have agreed, at Pakistan's request, to act as the conditions under which we would termi­ this Administration, and has been since a guarantor. The accords provide for nonin­ nate U.S. assistance to the guerrilla organi­ 1981. This objective now appears within terference and nonintervention into the in­ zations fighting the Soviet-backed govern­ reach. It is consequently important to pay ternal affairs of Afghanistan and Pakistan; commitments by the U.S. and the Soviet ment in Afghanistan. close attention to the details emerging in Geneva. Union to act as guarantors of the accords; I would like to know what is U.S. policy on return of the refugees; and synthesis of this issue, whether the United States has Sincerely, J. EDWARD Fox, these elements with a Soviet withdrawal made any commitment to withdraw its fi­ timetable. nancial support of the guerrillas when Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs. Our core objective of a prompt and com­ Soviet withdrawals of troops from Afghani­ plete withdrawal of Soviet troops is satisfied stan commence, to whom any commitment COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, by the agreement. Under it, the Soviet might have been made, on what basis it was HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Union has undertaken to withdraw half of made and what you believe are the Soviet, Washington, DC, March 18, 1988. its troops from Afghanistan within the first Pakistani and UN understandings of the Hon. GEORGE P. SHULTZ, ninety days of implementation, i.e, by U.S. position on this matter. Secretary of State, Department of State, August 15, and to remove the remainder I appreciate your consideration of this Washington, DC. within nine months after implementation, matter and look forward to an early reply. DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Thank you for your i.e., by February 15, 1989. When Foreign With best regards. letter of March 14th in reply to my letter of Minister Shevardnadze was here, he in­ Sincerely yours, February 19th regarding United States formed us that the Soviet government ex­ LEE H. HAMILTON, policy on the issue of an Afghan settlement. pects to complete its withdrawal by the end Chairman, Subcommittee on Europe I write again to clarify the issue I raised in of 1988. We will press Moscow to keep its and the Middle East. my February 19th letter to you-the condi- word. 12224 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 24, 1988 On April 9, we received a response from I would like to know what is the U.S. understandings reflected in the U.S.-Soviet Foreign Minister Shevardnadze to Secretary policy on assistance to the Mujahideen as a exchanges. Shultz' letter of March 30 which we feel guarantor of the recently signed Geneva Ac­ We do not believe that there is a discrep­ fully satisfies our requirement for symme­ cords and the conditions under which U.S. ancy between the President's letter to Sena­ try in the provision of military assistance to aid would be terminated. tor Byrd of March 11 and the Department's the Afghan resistance. In recent exchanges, Will the United States stop providing aid response to your letter of February 19. They we have made our position clear to the Sovi­ to the resistance if the Soviets do not pro­ are aspects of the same policy. We have at ets on this question. We have insisted that vide additional assistance to the Afghan various times stated that we will continue to the obligations of the guarantors must be government? provide military aid to the resistance until symmetrical. Our preference was for the What are the circumstances under which we are satisfied it is no longer needed. The U.S. and USSR to issue a statement in the U.S. will cease providing aid to the final formulation of this policy, as reflected which both sides retained the right to Afghan resistance? in the enclosed U.S. statement, is consistent supply their friends in Afghanistan, but Has the U.S. made any specific commit­ with this basic approach. that we would have a moratorium on fur­ ment, either verbal or written, with respect Sincerely, ther supplies for a specified period of time. to the cessation of aid to the resistance? J. EDWARD Fox, The Soviets would not accept this proposal. If so, what is the nature of this commit­ Assistant Secretary, We, therefore, are asserting our right to ment and to whom was it made? Legislative Affairs. supply the Afghan resistance as needed. How is present U.S. policy consistent with Our sense is that the need will be affected commitments to "undertake to invariably U.S. STATEMENT by whatever restraint we see on the part of refrain from any form of interference and The United States has agreed to act as a the Soviets. We are confident that we will intervention in the internal affairs of the guarantor of the political settlement of the be able to supply the resistance. Republic of Afghanistan ..." in the Decla­ situation relating to Afghanistan, in ending As guarantors, we and the Soviets agree to ration on International Guarantees signed the bloodshed in that unfortunate country, refrain from any form of interference and by the United States and the Soviet Union? and in enabling millions of Afghan refugees intervention in the internal affairs of Af­ I appreciate your further consideration of to return ~o their homes. ghanistan and Pakistan and to respect the this important matter and look forward to In agreeing to act as guarantor, the bilateral commitments undertaken by Paki­ hearing from you. United States states the following: stan and Afghanistan. With best regards, 0) The troop withdrawal obligations set We will be consulting with Congress on Sincerely yours, out in paragraphs 5 and 6 of the Instrument our obligations under this settlement and LEE H. HAMILTON, on Interrelationships are central to the also on the massive relief effort that will be Chairman, Subcommittee on Europe entire settlement. Compliance with those necessary when the millions of Afghan refu­ and the Middle East. obligations is essential to achievement of gees return to their homes. Your strong in­ the settlement's purposes, namely, the terest in is greatly appreciated. Please do U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE ending of foreign intervention in Afghani­ not hesitate to contact me if you have fur­ Washington, DC, May 20, 1988. stan and the restoration of the rights of the ther questions. Hon. LEE HAMILTON, Afghan people through the exercise of self Sincerely, Chairman, Subcommittee on Europe and the determination as called for by the United J. EDWARD Fox, Middle East, Foreign Affairs Committee, Nations Charter and the United Nations Assistant Secretary, House of Representatives General Assembly resolutions on Afghani­ Legislative Affairs. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Your letter of May 2 stan. to Secretary Shultz regarding our policy on (2) The obligations undertaken by the COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, continuing aid to the Afghan resistance has guarantors are symmetrical. In this regard, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, been referred to me for reply. the United States has advised the Soviet Washington, DC, May 2, 1988. Our policy objectives toward Afghanistan Union that the U.S. retains the right, con­ Hon. GEORGE P. SHULTZ, have not chan&ed. We have sought a negoti­ sistent with its obligations as guarantor, to Secretary of State, Department of State, ated settlement that will bring about the provide military assistance to parties in Af­ Washington, DC. rapid and complete withdrawal of all Soviet ghanistan. Should the Soviet Union exercise DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Thank you for your forces, permit the Afghan people to exercise restraint in providing military assistance to letter of April 19 in response to my inquiries their right of self-determination, restore Af­ parties in Afghanistan, the U.S. similarly about U.S. policy in Afghanistan. I appreci­ ghanistan's independence and non-aligned will exercise restraint. ate that diplomatic events regarding Af­ status, and allow for the unimpeded return (3) By acting as a guarantor of the settle­ ghanistan have moved quickly, however, I of the refugees to their homes. The settle­ ment, the United States does not intend to would like to raise once again the question ment reached at Geneva on April 14 consti­ imply in any respect recognition of the of the evolution of U.S. policy on Soviet aid tutes a critical first step toward realizing present regime in Kabul as the lawful gov­ to the Afghan government. these goals. ernment of Afghanistan. I would like you to clarify the discrepancy In connection with the signature of the between your response to my February 19th settlement, we circulated to the other par­ letter and the text of a letter sent by Presi­ ties and made public a statement which SITUATION IN POLAND dent Reagan to Senate majority leader spelled out certain understandings concern­ Byrd. In your letter you stated "we will ing the settlement. A copy of this statement maintain our assistance to the Afghan re­ is enclosed for your reference, as we believe HON. GUS YATRON sistance until we are satisfied that our goal it directly answers the questions you have OF PENNSYLVANIA of an irreversible withdrawal of Soviet raised in your letter. The statement in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forces from Afghanistan is assured." The ·cludes the following understanding: "The President's letter, however, apparently obligations undertaken by the guarantors Tuesday, May 24, 1988 stated that cessation of U.S. assistance are symmetrical. In this regard, the United Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, the situation in "must be matched by cessation of similar States has advised the Soviet Union that Poland remains precarious. While the latest aid" to the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul. I the U.S. retains the right, consistent with strikes have subsided, the political and eco­ would like to know the explanation for this its obligations as guarantor, to provide mili­ difference. Does it reflect a change in U.S. tary assistance to parties in Afghanistan. nomic situation which sparked the actions by policy on this issue at the time and, if so, Should the Soviet Union exercise restraint the Polish workers remains unchanged. what was the reason for this change? in providing military assistance to parties in Clearly, the Polish people want a greater Your April 19th letter also raises addition­ Afghanistan, the U.S. similarly will exercise voice in their government. They are more than al questions regarding the nature of U.S. restraint." ready to undertake the necessary economic commitments on aid to the Afghan resist­ The U.S. statement reflected the under­ reforms, but only if preceded by political re­ ance. standings on "positive symmetry" which forms. The current Polish Government lacks In your April letter you write: were carefully recorded in discussions and the credibility to take important actions, and it "We .. . are asserting our right to supply written exchanges with the Soviets. The So­ the Afghan resistance as needed. Our sense viets signed the Geneva settlement with full is imperative that a significant effort be made is that the need will be affected by whatever knowledge of those understandings. Paki­ to broaden its base. restraint we see on the part of the Soviets. stan similarly made it clear, as is reflected An excellent article on the recent develop­ We are confident that we will be able to in its signing statement, that it was signing ments in Poland and the implications for the supply the resistance." the Geneva settlement on the basis of its future was authored by Jiri Pehe, East Euro- May 24, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12225

pean specialist for Freedom House. It i~ a social space which makes it possible to push publications that are coming out of the un­ most thoughtful piece and I want to provtde for more than just another version of an derground. The competition of official uni­ my colleagues with an opportunity to _read it. I "improved Communism;" versities against unofficial ones has changed 4. those who resist reforms because they the face of the curriculum in the official am submitting the article, "Poland tn 1988: have a vested interest in the system in its schools, where Marxist-Leninist classes are Besieged Government, Besieged Oppositio~," present form. . more and more present only in rudimentary in the hopes it will enhance our understandtng Poland is a special case among Commumst forms. The existence of an independent po­ the situation in Poland. nations because, due to the developments litical culture that ignores the official one POLAND IN 1988: BESIEGED GOVERNMENT, seven years ago and since, the first group of has forced the regime to start talking about BESIEGED OPPOSITION people is the most numerous one and grow­ a political reform of its own. However, the

19-059 0-89-11 (Pt. 9) 12226 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 24, 1988 groups, that now add new hues to the al­ These responsibilities would be replaced by Compact of Free Association with the U.S. ready colorful dissident spectrum. self-governing authority under a compact of All of the referenda of the Compact and two The government has been forced to legal­ free association. After five referenda in Palau of the amendment referenda on the Consti­ ize severa.l underground magazines. Res failed to approve the compact, proponents tution were apparently a result of sustained Publica bt:·came the first magazine in the pressure on Palau by the Administering Communist bloc to be granted full inde­ last summer tried to do away with a constitu­ Power designed to persuade it to alter its pendence. There are, however, in Poland tional requirement that it be approved by a 75 constitution either to allow the United several semi-independent magazines with percent favorable vote. A sixth vote was then States to "store" nuclear weapons or, at a ties to Catholic church, such as Tygodnik held by Palau's president to have approved later stage, to "operate" ships and aircraft Powszechny and Wiez. The government has the compact, a position later taken by Presi­ with nuclear devices within the territorial been increasingly reluctant to censor them. dent Reagan. jurisdiction of Palau. Another success of the opposition was last When this maneuver was challenged in 4. The August 1987 referendum purport­ October's boycott of the referendum, which Palau's supreme court, challengers were sub­ ing to authorize, by an amendment to the the government hoped to use as a spring­ constitution, a 50% vote on the Compact of board for its economic reforms that includ­ jected to serious violence. Their suit was with­ Free Association raises serious, substantial ed sharp price increases. The opposition, es­ drawn amid indications to the courageous as­ and arguable questions of constitutionality pecially the Solidarity Union, objected to sociate supreme court justice, Robert A. which can only finally be passed upon by the referendum because the opposition Hefner, that the withdrawal may have been the Supreme Court of Palau. groups had not been consulted by the gov­ brought about by "intimidation through the use 5. Attempts by Palauan citizens to raise ernment on the program and because the of violence". these questions have been thwarted in the reform was insufficent, shifting the burden An investigation convinced members of the first instance by a behind the scenes ar­ of economic change on workers. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs that rangement between top government offi­ THE FUTURE cials and the litigants and in the second in­ President Reagan's request for authority to stance by threats of violence and intimida­ It is clear that no positive solution to put the compact into effect should not be ap­ tion against the plaintiffs. These acts, many Polish problems can be found without the proved until the challengers could exercise of which were plainly criminal in nature in­ willingness of the government to share some their rights, Palau has clearly approved the cluded fire bombing, shooting at the homes of its power with those in the opposition of some of the plaintiffs, direct threats of who now represent the majority of the compact, and other problems are addressed. The situation also prompted concern within violence to many of the plaintiffs, and the nation. The Poles also insist that the leader­ murder of the father of one of the main ship in Moscow must deal not only with the the International Commission of Jurists [ICJ], and its American affiliate. So, this respected plaintiffs. Polish government that represents a few 6. There has been an illegal and improper but with the representatives of independent U.N. consultative organization sent a mission interference with and pressure upon the in­ movements that speak for a majority of to investigate the rule of law in Palau. dependence of the judiciary in that: Poles. The new series of strikes in Poland The able team consisted of the ICJ's execu­ A. Members of the Legislature engaged in clearly represent a challenge not only to tive committee chairman and American affili­ express threats to the Chief Justice; Jaruzelski but also to Gorbachev. Glasnost B. Members of the Furlough Committee is looked upon with sympathy by many in ate president, William J. Butler; a senior-and former chief-judge of the U.S. Sixth Circuit have filed a petition for the removal of the Poland, but the majority of Poles do not Chief Justice from a case; think that glasnost offers them any direct Court of Appeals, George C. Edwards; and the president of the court of appeal of the C. A series of oral threats were made di­ benefits. Glasnost influences their leaders rectly and indirectly to the members of the and perhaps makes them more tolerant. New South Wales, Australia, supreme court, Judiciary of Palau and their families; and However, as many an opposition leader in­ Michael D. Kirby. D. An organized attempt to threaten the sists, the Polf ~ s are already far beyond any­ Their detailed report has made an important Judiciary by surrounding the Supreme thing that Gorbachev may hope to achieve contribution to understanding of what hap­ Court building with campers who wore "red in the Soviet Union. Gasnost is aimed at cre­ bands" and who camouflaged a government ating "democratization" within official pened last summer, efforts to approve the compact, and problems faced in Palau. It was truck to appear to be a coffin with words in­ structures. The Poles strive for democracy scribed on it "red september". outside the officlal structures. issued just days before Justice Hefner ruled on a refiled challenge that the compact has 7. Specifically we conclude that the with­ It seems that the power and the future of drawal of this case entitled Ngirmang, et al. the Polish g·)Vernment depends to a large not been approved by Palau. v. Salii, et al., was involuntary. Such with­ extent on Soviet backing. The present Mr. Butler presented the mission's findings drawal was brought about by "intimidation round of strikes is a test of the Soviet will­ to the U.N. Trusteeship Council last week. I through the use of violence". Accordingly ingness to back its allies in the age of glas­ ask that their conclusions and recommenda­ we conclude that because substantial consti­ nost. Anything short of a clear willingness tions be included in full in the RECORD so that tutional issues cannot be challenged and de­ to launch a military invasion on behalf of a termined in Palauan courts, because of client regime is likely to encourage the op­ Members will be fully aware of the challenge to the rule of law in Palau. threats to litigants, lawyers and the judici­ position to step up its efforts to limit the ary, there has been a breakdown of the power of the Polish government and claim PALAU: A CHALLENGE TO THE RULE OF LAW IN Rule of Law in Palau. some of the power for itself. It remains to MICRONESIA 8. It is our duty to report our conclusion be seen whether the Poles can succeed. As SOME CONCLUSIONS that there is evidence of government com­ at many times in their history, their pro­ 1. Faced with conditions tantamount to plicity in many of the matters raised in this spective freedom depends on the intentions economic bankruptcy, the resultant loss of report that concludes: of their powerful neighbor to the East. jobs in the public sector which employees Constant and repeated public statements 60% of its workforce, Palauan Executive, by government officials on the government Political and Judicial Institutions, for the controlled radio attacking or denigrating INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION period beginning in July 1987 to September the Judiciary or referring to the "tyranny OF JURISTS REPORTS CHAL­ 1987, were under such severe strain as to of the courts". LENGE TO THE RULE OF LAW cause us to conclude that there existed a Police participation or acquiescence in IN PALAU virtual breakdown of the Rule of Law these events, by failing to maintain law and during that period. order, and by the failure of police and the 2. Even six months later, when the Mis­ Attorney General to pursue claims. HON. RON de LUGO sion visited Palau, we felt that there was Constant pressure on legitimate opposi­ OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS ample evidence that the right of Palauan tion, such as the threatening loss of jobs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES citizens to seek redress of their constitution­ and assignment of opponents to uncomfort­ al rights in the courts of Palau was at the able shifts. Tuesday, May 24, 1988 very least, inhibited and in some instances Threats by police officials concerning the Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, the United prohibited by a climate of fear and intimida­ withdrawal of legal actions. tion originating from certain segments of Threats of the denial of scholarship to States is fully responsible for the Pacific is­ Palauan society. members of the families of those opposing lands of Palau under an agreement with the 3. In the last eight years the Palauan the compact. U.N. Security Council. Our responsibilities in­ people have had four referenda relating to Sadly there are also serious allegations of clude providing and maintaining law, and pro­ their constitution which in 1979 they rati­ corruption against prominent Palauans, tecting fundamental freedoms. fied by a 92% vote and six referenda on the which we consider it proper to mention but May 2#;, 1988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12227 not elaborate. There were also many allega­ tice threatening his removal if he did not ercion is fully set out above. But in summa­ tions of incompetence and waste, the use of decide a constitutional case before him in a ry it included: government property for private purposes designated way; letters to him by members Fire bombing of houses. and alleged bribes regarding the building of of the legislature expressed in intimidating The interruption to the power supply. a power plant. language designed to influence his perform­ The gathering of violent demonstrations 9. We conclude that the Eleventh Legisla­ ance of his judicial duties; and the gather­ in the vicinity of the courthouse and legisla­ tive Session of the National Congress of ing of large and violent crowds in the vicini­ ture. Palau of July 1987 was held in a climate of ty of his courthouse. Peaceful demonstra­ The actions of the demonstrators in as­ near hysteria; that Legislators were coerced tion of a point of view is a mark of a free so­ suming the wearing of red headbands and in into voting in favor of the bill authorizing ciety. Mob rule around the courts, with painting a van used by them with threaten­ the Amendment to the Constitution and ap­ threats to the judiciary, and to litigants is ing slogans. proval of the Compact referenda of August the very negation of freedom under law. It Murder of the father of one of the plain­ 1987 and that such legislation did not freely is vital that the government and citizens of tiffs, serious escalation of violence and the reflect the considered political will of the Palau-and all others watching these outcome of a period of mob rule. Palauan National Congress, as the Constitu­ events-should realize this. What is at stake The executive branch of government in­ tion of Palau envisaged that it would be ex­ is not just the wish of the people, democrat­ cluding the police were either unable or un­ pressed. ically elected. It is nothing less than the willing to provide security to the litigants to 10. We conclude that the Palauan Bar As­ right of litigants to test the compliance of defend their right to litigate a serious con­ sociation failed in its duty to maintain the that democratic expression against the re­ stitutional question in the Supreme Court. Rule of Law when it knew, or should have quirements of the people's constitution and Individual threats were addressed to the known, that judges, lawyers and litigants the entitlement of the judiciary to deter­ Palauan women who brought a case in the were being threatened in their professional mine that question. If legal processes break Supreme Court as well as to their families capacity. It should be pointed out that the down once, a dangerous precedent is set­ as recounted to the Mission and set out in brother of the President, Carlos Salii, is the and the rule of violence, intimidation and this report. President of the Palauan Bar Association. oppression replaces the Rule of Law. 19. It is not necessary for the Mission to INDEPENDENCE OF THE JUDICIARY AND THE 16. In the sequence of events disclosed in judge-nor would it be appropriate-wheth­ LEGAL PROFESSION this report there is a possible appearance er the Palauan women have a valid claim 11. The constitution of the Republic of that Chief Justice Nakamura yielded to that under the constitution of Palau to challenge Palau establishes an independent judiciary. pressure. He made an order which was un­ the purported constitutional amendment There is much evidence that the Supreme popular. Yet within a very short time of preliminary to the execution of the Com­ Court of Palau has exercised its independ­ doing so he vacated that order and revoked pact. Nor is the Mission concerned with the ence and in numerous suits reversed the it soon after disqualifying himself. He did validity of those amendments, the applica­ acts of legislative and executive branches of so, as is publically known, after the receipt tion of customary law to the conduct of the government when the constitution or law of of intimidating letters and a petition threat­ women, the application of the principles of Palau was held to so require. ening his removal. In these circumstances, res judicata or the availability of defenses 12. The justices of the Supreme Court are the appearance of the independence of the of accord and settlement. These are entirely sufficiently alert to the challenges to their judiciary was damaged. The blame for this matters of the Palauan courts. Nothing in independence to the operation of the Rule fact must be placed principally at the door this report should be read as expressing a of Law in Palau whilst at the same time sen­ of those persons responsible who publically view or any of these questions. It is suffi­ sitive to the lack of understanding, in some or otherwise threatened the Chief Justice. cient for the purposes of the Mission to say quarters including in the government, of We do not say the the Chief Justice was ace that a serious constitutional quesion, which the vital importance, for the long term wel­ tually intimidated. But damage can be done was arguable, was raised by the suit of the fare of Palau, of adherence to constitutional by the appearances of intimidation and the Palauan women. They should have been al­ processes and compliance with legal forms. appearance of yielding to pressure. The lowed to bring it and have it peacefully re­ 13. Proof positive of the independence of question is what reasonable observers of solved in a court room. Instead they were the justices of the Supreme Court can be these events would infer from them and the coerced into seeking an adjournment or a found not only in the history of governmen­ conclusions they might draw concerning the discontinuance of it. That coercion under­ tal litigation generally. It can be found in independence of the Supreme Court of mines the Rule of Law in Palau and the ap­ many decisions associated with the constitu­ Palau. pearance of the independence of the Pa­ tional evolution of Palau. Most notable of 17. The Mission was greatly impressed by lauan courts to resolve serious questions ac­ these have been the judgments in Gibbons the insight of the Justices of the Supreme cording to law. vs. Remeliik and Gibbons vs. Salii and the Court of Palau into the important princi­ 20. In addition to the pressure applied to very observations of Judge Hefner in Ngir­ ples at stake here, vital for the well being of the judiciary, legislators and litigants, im­ mang vs. Salli which contributed to the the people of Palau. The assignment of the proper pressure was also applied to some reason for this Mission. litigation to Judge Hefner and his memo­ members of the legal profession known to 14. The current circumstances in Palau randum referring to possible intimidation is be concerned in the prosecution of the con­ make it more important than ever that the proof, if it be needed, of the independence stitutional litigators. One of them, Roman judicial branch of government be supported and courage of the Justices. It would be a Bidor, was the son of the man murdered and by the citizens and by all those having it in misfortune if it were considered necessary it was in his office that the murder oc­ their power to lend support. The reasons in­ or even desirable in such sensitive situa­ curred. Cars were damaged by the smashing clude not only the fine principle of the Rule tions, always to resort to off island judges of of the front windows. The response of the of Law as the best guarantee of freedom non Palauan origin. For the survival of the Bar Association to these shocking events and the defense of human 'rights. They Rule of Law in Palau in the long term, it is was, it must be said, inadequate. Instead of extend beyond the vital importance of con­ essential that such independence be demon­ rallying in a single voice to denounce these stitutionality at this critical stage of transi­ strated, repeatedly, by indigenous judges in assaults on the Rule of Law and the intimi­ tion in the evolution of Palau to full inde­ Palau. The rule of Law is most important dation of the Judiciary and colleagues it was pendence in the community of nations. when it is most severely tested. decided instead to seek advice from the They concern the very practical problems of 18. Statements were made to the Mission, American Bar Association on what should everyday importance to Palau and its which it also accepts and finds believable, have been obvious to any lawyer. Unless people: the growth of higher levels of vio­ that the litigants before the Supreme Court lawyers rally around and together defend le~ce, the evidence of social disruption, new in the cases designed to test the constitu­ the Rule of Law, the judiciary and constitu­ problems involving narcotic drugs and the tionality of the amendment for the purpose tional institutions, they abandon their his­ breakdown of the effectiveness of tradition­ of adopting the compact, were intimidated torical role. This includes, ultimately, put­ al authority. These problems, and the need and discontinued those proceedings out of ting individual interests aside and even the for a strong judicial branch of government fear. The Ibedul who was believed by many interests of particular clients aside when to deal with them, is appreciated by many to be supporting the litigation in the Merep the very institutions by which those inter­ in responsible positions in Palau. It is cer­ case was afraid of the breakdown of law and ests are safeguarded are under siege. In the tainly appreciated by the judiciary. But it is order and had himself been the subject of unhappy event of a repetition challenge it is not appreciated by all. thinly veiled threats. The Palauan women hoped that the Bar Association will show 15. Unprecedented and unacceptable pres­ who then brought a case in virtually identi­ more resolve. sure-and the public appearance of pres­ cal terms were then submitted to unprece­ 21. Individual lawyers have done things sure-was placed upon the Supreme Court dented coercion in order to dissuade them which appear to the Mission incompatible of Palau during the third quarter of 1987. It from exercising their constitutional rights with respect for the judiciary and the Rule took the form of petitions to the Chief Jus- before the Supreme Court of Palau. The co- of Law. For example, it would seem quite 12228 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 24, 1988 wrong for the lawyer for the Furlough Com- would seem inconsistent with a lawyer's car- continuance or adjournment of their pro­ mittee to have participated in the writing of dinal duty to be involved in such an act or ceedings which were lawfully before the the August 19th Petition threatening the thereafter to participate in steps intermed- court, and to secure their termination out of Chief Justice. Whatever the motives-which dling in private litigation, involving the fear. the Mission has no prerogative to judge-it women plaintiffs, designed to effect the dis-