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1981 Synertek Data Catalog
It ..'.'... E; $5.00 !' 5J SYNERTE~ A SUBSIDIARY OF HONEYWELL ~ SYNERTEK § 1981-1982 ,.:: DATA CATALOG -\C GO • 'C -GO...., C ~ )Ii Sl~I g j - Table of Contents Index SYNERTEK 1981-1982 DATA CATALOG Random Access Memories 1 • Read Only Memories 2. Microprocessors 3 I logic CapabIlItIes 41 Systems 51 Quality Assurance 6. SYNERTEK A SUBSIDIARY OF HONEYWELL Generallnfonnatlon P.O.BOXSS2-MS/34 • SANTA CLARA, CA9S0S2 71 TEL.(40S)988-S600 • 1WX:910-33S-D13S Contents CHAPTER 1 Page Random Access Memory RAM Selector Guide 1-2 SY2101. 256 x 4-Bit Static RAM 1-3 SY2111. 256 x 4-Bit Static RAM 1-7 SY2112. 256 x 4-Bit Static RAM 1-11 SY2114. 1024 x 4-Bit Static RAM 1-17 SY2114LV, 1024 x 4-Bit Static RAM 1-21 SY2128, 2048 x 8-Bit Static RAM .............. .. 1-25 SY2142, 1024 x 4-Bit Static RAM 1-26 SY2142LV. 1024 x 4-Bit Static RAM 1-30 SY2147, 4096 x 1-Bit Static RAM '" 1-34 SY2147H, 4096 x 1-Bit Static RAM 1-38 SYM2147. 4096 x 1-Bit Static RAM 1-39 SY2148H, 1024 x 4-Bit Static RAM 1-40 SYM2148, 1024 x 4-Bit Static RAM 1-44 SY2149H. 1024 x 4-Bit Static RAM 1-45 SYM2149H, 1024 x 4-Bit Static RAM 1-49 CHAPTER 2 Read Only Memory ROM Selector Guide 2-2 SY2316NB, 2048 x 8-Bit ROM 2-3 SY2316B-2, 2048 x 8-Bit ROM 2-7 SY2316B-3, 2048 x 8-Bit ROM 2-11 SY2332/3, 4096 x 8-Bit ROM 2-15 SY2332/3-3, 4096 x 8-Bit ROM 2-19 SY2364/A, 8192 x 8-Bit ROM 2-23 SY2365/A, 8192 x 8-Bit ROM 2-27 SY23128, 16,384 x 8-Bit ROM 2-31 SY3308, 1024 x 8-Bit ROM 2-35 SY3316/A, 2048 x 8-Bit ROM 2-36 SYM3316/A, 2048 x 8-Bit ROM 2-40 CHAPTER 3 Microprocessors Microcomputers Z8, Single Chip Microcomputer 3-3 Microprocessors and Peripherals SY1791-02/SY1793-D2, Floppy Disk Controller 3-23 SY2661, Enhanced Programmable Communications Interface 3-39 SY6500, 8-Bit Microprocessor Family 3-53 SY6520, Peripheral Interface Adapter 3-67 SY6521/SY6821, Peripheral Interface Adapter 3-81 SY6522, Versatile Interface Adapter 3-95 SY6530, Memory, 1/0. -
DEVICE and CIRCUIT DESIGN for VLSI by Amr Mohsen
31 DEVICE AND CIRCUIT DESIGN FOR VLSI by Amr Mohsen* Intel Corporation 3065 Bowers Avenue Santa Clara, California 95051 ABSTRACT A review of the device and circuit design complexity and limitations for VLSI is presented. VLSI device performance will be limited by second order device effects, interconnection line de lay and current density and chip power dissipation. The complexity of VLSI circuit design will require hierarchial structured design methodology with special consideration of testability dnd more emphasis on redundancy. New organizations of logic function architectures and smart memories will evolve to take advantage of the topological properties of the VLSI silicon technology. * The author is also on the faculty of California Institute of Technology CALTECH CONFERENCE ON VLSI, January 1979 32 Amr Mohsen I. INTRODUCTION: As semiconductor technology has evolved from discrete to small-scale to medium-scale and through large-scale integration levels a rapid decrease in the cost per function provided by the technology have opened up new applications and industries. Today there is a large interest in the next phase of integration: very large scale integration (VLSI). The semi conductor technology will be able to fabricate chips with more than lOOK devices (l) in the 1980's. The continuous scaling of the semi- conductor devices and increase in components counts on a single chip is resulting in more complex technology developments, device and circuit designs and product definition. In this review paper, projections of how device technology will evolve in the future and the problems and limitations of device and circuit design for VLSI are presented. VLSI TECHNOLOGIES: In Fig. -
Mos Technology, 1963-1974: a Dozen Crucial Years
One of IBM’s most important MOS Technology, 1963-1974: A Dozen Crucial Years contributions to MOS research came from the Components Division, which was responsible for developing by Ross Knox Bassett and manufacturing bipolar transistors for its large computer systems and had very little interest in MOS transistors line can be drawn from the as such. As part of its work on Frosch’s and Derick’s work on bipolar transistors, Donald Kerr and silicon dioxide to the MOS (metal- a group of engineers had discovered A that depositing small amounts of oxide-semiconductor) transistor’s domi- nance of semiconductor technology, phosphorous on the silicon-dioxide but it is neither short nor straight. That surface and forming a layer of line has several discernable segments, phosphosilicate glass (PSG) could first from Frosch and Derick’s work, limit the amount of leakage in bipolar until 1963. In this interval, by and transistors and play an important role large, no one thought seriously about a in enhancing the stability of MOS metal-oxide-semiconductor as a viable transistors. Jerome Eldridge and Pieter technology in its own right. The second Balk from IBM Research implemented segment runs from 1963, when the this work by using thin layers of combination of integrated circuits and PSG to make stable MOS devices. the planar manufacturing process had Other important work on the physics FIG. 2. Drawing of Atalla and Kahng’s “silicon-silicon dioxide surface device,” now known as and chemistry of MOS devices done led people to see MOS transistors as a the MOS transistor, from a 1961 Bell Labs technical memorandum by Kahng. -
Vlsi Design Lecture Notes B.Tech (Iv Year – I Sem) (2018-19)
VLSI DESIGN LECTURE NOTES B.TECH (IV YEAR – I SEM) (2018-19) Prepared by Dr. V.M. Senthilkumar, Professor/ECE & Ms.M.Anusha, AP/ECE Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India) Recognized under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC ACT 1956 (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade - ISO 9001:2015 Certified) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Kompally), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India Unit -1 IC Technologies, MOS & Bi CMOS Circuits Unit -1 IC Technologies, MOS & Bi CMOS Circuits UNIT-I IC Technologies Introduction Basic Electrical Properties of MOS and BiCMOS Circuits MOS I - V relationships DS DS PMOS MOS transistor Threshold Voltage - VT figure of NMOS merit-ω0 Transconductance-g , g ; CMOS m ds Pass transistor & NMOS Inverter, Various BiCMOS pull ups, CMOS Inverter Technologies analysis and design Bi-CMOS Inverters Unit -1 IC Technologies, MOS & Bi CMOS Circuits INTRODUCTION TO IC TECHNOLOGY The development of electronics endless with invention of vaccum tubes and associated electronic circuits. This activity termed as vaccum tube electronics, afterward the evolution of solid state devices and consequent development of integrated circuits are responsible for the present status of communication, computing and instrumentation. • The first vaccum tube diode was invented by john ambrase Fleming in 1904. • The vaccum triode was invented by lee de forest in 1906. Early developments of the Integrated Circuit (IC) go back to 1949. German engineer Werner Jacobi filed a patent for an IC like semiconductor amplifying device showing five transistors on a common substrate in a 2-stage amplifier arrangement. -
6502 Introduction
6502 Introduction Philipp Koehn 18 September 2019 Philipp Koehn Computer Systems Fundamentals: 6502 Introduction 18 September 2019 1 some history Philipp Koehn Computer Systems Fundamentals: 6502 Introduction 18 September 2019 1971 2 • First microprocessor on an integrated circuit: Intel 4004 • 4-bit central processing unit, 12 bit address space (4KB) Philipp Koehn Computer Systems Fundamentals: 6502 Introduction 18 September 2019 1975 3 • MOS Technology 6502 • Dominant CPU in home computers for a decade (Atari, Apple II, Nintendo Entertainment System, Commodore PET) Philipp Koehn Computer Systems Fundamentals: 6502 Introduction 18 September 2019 1977 4 • Atari 2600 • Video game console: Pong, Pac Man, ... connected to TV Philipp Koehn Computer Systems Fundamentals: 6502 Introduction 18 September 2019 1980 5 • Commodore VIC20 • 1 MHz, 5KB RAM, BASIC, 3.5KB RAM, 176x184 3 bit color video Philipp Koehn Computer Systems Fundamentals: 6502 Introduction 18 September 2019 1982 6 • Commodore C64 • 64KB RAM, 320x200 4 bit color video Philipp Koehn Computer Systems Fundamentals: 6502 Introduction 18 September 2019 Commodore C64 7 • BASIC programming language, but serious programs written in assembly • No fancy stuff like multi-process, user accounts, virtual memory, etc. • Machine itself had no mass storage - had to buy tape drive, then floppy disk drive, machine was obsolete once hard drives came around Philipp Koehn Computer Systems Fundamentals: 6502 Introduction 18 September 2019 BASIC Demo 8 • Commands get executed (just like Python interpreter) -
The Ultimate C64 Overview Michael Steil, 25Th Chaos Communication Congress 2008
The Ultimate C64 Overview Michael Steil, http://www.pagetable.com/ 25th Chaos Communication Congress 2008 Retrocomputing is cool as never before. People play Look and Feel C64 games in emulators and listen to SID music, but few people know much about the C64 architecture A C64 only needs to be connected to power and a TV and its limitations, and what programming was like set (or monitor) to be fully functional. When turned back then. This paper attempts to give a comprehen- on, it shows a blue-on-blue theme with a startup mes- sive overview of the Commodore 64, including its in- sage and drops into a BASIC interpreter derived from ternals and quirks, making the point that classic Microsoft BASIC. In order to load and save BASIC computer systems aren't all that hard to understand - programs or use third party software, the C64 re- and that programmers today should be more aware of quires mass storage - either a “datasette” cassette the art that programming once used to be. tape drive or a disk drive like the 5.25" Commodore 1541. Commodore History Unless the user really wanted to interact with the BA- SIC interpreter, he would typically only use the BA- Commodore Business Machines was founded in 1962 SIC instructions LOAD, LIST and RUN in order to by Jack Tramiel. The company specialized on elec- access mass storage. LOAD"$",8 followed by LIST tronic calculators, and in 1976, Commodore bought shows the directory of the disk in the drive, and the chip manufacturer MOS Technology and decided LOAD"filename",8 followed by RUN would load and to have Chuck Peddle from MOS evolve their KIM-1 start a program. -
Introduction to Cpu
microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 1 INTRODUCTION TO CPU Mohammad Sadegh Sadri Session 2 Microprocessor Course Isfahan University of Technology Sep., Oct., 2010 microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 2 Agenda • Review of the first session • A tour of silicon world! • Basic definition of CPU • Von Neumann Architecture • Example: Basic ARM7 Architecture • A brief detailed explanation of ARM7 Architecture • Hardvard Architecture • Example: TMS320C25 DSP microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 3 Agenda (2) • History of CPUs • 4004 • TMS1000 • 8080 • Z80 • Am2901 • 8051 • PIC16 microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 4 Von Neumann Architecture • Same Memory • Program • Data • Single Bus microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 5 Sample : ARM7T CPU microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 6 Harvard Architecture • Separate memories for program and data microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 7 TMS320C25 DSP microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 8 Silicon Market Revenue Rank Rank Country of 2009/2008 Company (million Market share 2009 2008 origin changes $ USD) Intel 11 USA 32 410 -4.0% 14.1% Corporation Samsung 22 South Korea 17 496 +3.5% 7.6% Electronics Toshiba 33Semiconduc Japan 10 319 -6.9% 4.5% tors Texas 44 USA 9 617 -12.6% 4.2% Instruments STMicroelec 55 FranceItaly 8 510 -17.6% 3.7% tronics 68Qualcomm USA 6 409 -1.1% 2.8% 79Hynix South Korea 6 246 +3.7% 2.7% 812AMD USA 5 207 -4.6% 2.3% Renesas 96 Japan 5 153 -26.6% 2.2% Technology 10 7 Sony Japan 4 468 -35.7% 1.9% microprocessors and microcontrollers -
Thedagit Blog: Dagit.Github.Io Motorola in 1970’S
Jason Dagit Twitter: @thedagit Blog: dagit.github.io Motorola in 1970’s * 1971 Microprocessor project starts * Chuck Peddle joined in 1973 as an engineer * In 1974, Chuck grew Frustrated with management For ignoring customers (asking For $25 processor) * $300 in 1974 is $1300 in 2010 2 6500 Project at MOS * Chuck Peddle, Bill Mensch, and 6 other engineers leFt Motorola * MOS was eager to break into processor market * Based on Motorola 6800 experience * Goals: * Needed to outperform 6800 * Cheaper than 6800 * Every interested engineer and hobbyist can get access 3 Lowering the Cost * Size = money * 3510 transistors (modern CPUs use billions!) * Defect rate at the time of 70% * Morally the first RISC processor 4 Defect Rate * In 1970’s processors were designed by hand * Images had to be reduced to fit on the waFer * MOS developed a process For clariFying reduction at each step * 70% Failure rate during Fabrication è 70% success rate * Bill Mensch: Legendary layout engineer 5 6 RISC Processor * Simplified addressing modes * Dropped 16bit index register * Three-state control oF bus removed * Only the essential instructions: 56 instructions * Not completely true: included non-essential BCD arithmetic * Very Few registers: PC, SP, A, X, Y, Status 7 Instruction Set 8 Improvements over 6800 * Pipelining * Zero-page addressing * Allowed indirect indexing to give 128 pseudo registers * Faster than normal memory access * Programmers trained on the 6800 found the 6502 intuitive * Almost the same clock speed, but nearly 4x the computational power 9 Marketplace -
Integrated Circuit Design Macmillan New Electronics Series Series Editor: Paul A
Integrated Circuit Design Macmillan New Electronics Series Series Editor: Paul A. Lynn Paul A. Lynn, Radar Systems A. F. Murray and H. M. Reekie, Integrated Circuit Design Integrated Circuit Design Alan F. Murray and H. Martin Reekie Department of' Electrical Engineering Edinhurgh Unit·ersity Macmillan New Electronics Introductions to Advanced Topics M MACMILLAN EDUCATION ©Alan F. Murray and H. Martin Reekie 1987 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended), or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 7 Ridgmount Street, London WC1E 7AE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1987 Published by MACMILLAN EDUCATION LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Murray, A. F. Integrated circuit design.-(Macmillan new electronics series). 1. Integrated circuits-Design and construction I. Title II. Reekie, H. M. 621.381'73 TK7874 ISBN 978-0-333-43799-5 ISBN 978-1-349-18758-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-18758-4 To Glynis and Christa Contents Series Editor's Foreword xi Preface xii Section I 1 General Introduction -
MOS Technology – 1974 to 1976 3 Shovel Jobs Anymore,” He Says
C H A P T E R 11 MMOOSS TTeecchhnnoollooggyy 11997744 ttoo 11997766 i-tech companies need three players in order to succeed: a financier, a technology-God, and a juggernaut with a type-A H personality. Commodore would require these three ingredients to take them to a new level. They had Irving Gould, with his financial expertise and deep pockets. They had Jack, so aggressive people sometimes referred to him as the scariest man alive. All Commodore needed was a visionary engineer to take Commodore into a new field of technology. The Grey Wizard of the East n the 1970's, the image of a computer genius was not in the mold of I the young hacker we are familiar with today. Teenaged tycoons like Bill Gates had not filtered into the public consciousness, and WarGames (1983, MGM) was not yet released, with the prototypical computer hacker portrayed by Matthew Broderick. The accepted image of a technological genius was a middle-aged man with graying hair and glasses, preferably wearing a long white lab coat. Chuck Peddle was the image of a technology wizard, with his wire- frame glasses, white receding hairline, and slightly crooked teeth. At two hundred and fifty pounds, the five foot eleven inch engineer always struggled with his weight. Peddle describes himself at that time as “totally out of shape,” but he was characteristically optimistic and never without a joke or story to tell. Peddle possessed the ability to see further into the future than most of his contemporaries and he obsessively searched for the next big innovation. -
Introduction a Brief History of Computing
CSE 322 — COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE II Introduction A Brief History Of Computing January 18, 2000–7 CSE 322 — COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE II Some Basic Terms Architecture: “The art or science of building habitable structures” Our Structures: Computer Systems Our Inhabitants: Computer programs Computer Architecture: Art of describing and building computer systems which can execute computer programs; alternatively: structure & behavior of computer as seen by assembly level programmer Computer Organization: Description of major logical & physical components of a computer and how they interact Computer Implementation: Description of electrical components used to build a computer Computer Execution Model: Description of how programs execute within a computer architecture Instruction Set Architecture (ISA): Description of the instructions which can make up a computer program, and the semantics of what each does when executed Feature Size (in microns): minimum width of a gate of a CMOS transistor possible in a particular technology generation A Brief History Of Computing January 18, 2000–8 CSE 322 — COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE II People & the Computer Design Process Computer Architect: Architecture Level • Develops ISA, computer system architecture • Interplay between hardware (machine organization) and software (compilers, interpreters, runtime) needed to sustain the “inhabitants” Computer Designer: Organization Level • Develops detailed machine organization - Partitioning into major blocks - Specification of each block’s interfaces & functionality - Selects -
OF the 1980S
THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s 23 THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s First published in 2021 by Raspberry Pi Trading Ltd, Maurice Wilkes Building, St. John’s Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0DS Publishing Director Editors Russell Barnes Phil King, Simon Brew Sub Editor Design Nicola King Critical Media Illustrations CEO Sam Alder with Brian O Halloran Eben Upton ISBN 978-1-912047-90-1 The publisher, and contributors accept no responsibility in respect of any omissions or errors relating to goods, products or services referred to or advertised in this book. Except where otherwise noted, the content of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). Contents Introduction. 6 Research Machines 380Z. 8 Commodore PET 2001. 18 Apple II. 36 Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81. 46 Commodore VIC-20 . 60 IBM Personal Computer (5150). 78 BBC Micro . 90 Sinclair ZX Spectrum. 114 Dragon 32. 138 Commodore 64. 150 Acorn Electron . .166 Apple Macintosh . .176 Amstrad CPC 464. 194 Sinclair QL . .210 Atari 520ST. 222 Commodore Amiga. 234 Amstrad PCW 8256. 256 Acorn Archimedes . .268 Epilogue: Whatever happened to the British PC? . .280 Acknowledgements . 281 Further reading, further viewing, and forums. 283 Index . .286 The chapters are arranged in order of each computer’s availability in the UK, as reflected by each model’s date of review in Personal Computer World magazine. Introduction The 1980s was, categorically, the best decade ever. Not just because it gave us Duran Duran and E.T., not even because of the Sony Walkman.