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Activities Related to the Cultivation and Utilization of Poplars, Willows and Other Fast-Growing Trees in Canada

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Activities Related to the Cultivation and Utilization of Poplars, Willows and Other Fast-Growing Trees in Canada Activities Related to the Cultivation and Utilization of Poplars, Willows and other Fast-Growing Trees in Canada CANADIAN REPORT TO THE 26TH SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON POPLARS AND OTHER FAST- GROWING TREES ROME, ITALY PERIOD 2016 – 2019 APRIL 2020 Page 1 of 106 Activities Related to the Cultivation and Utilization of Poplars, Willows and other Fast-Growing Trees in Canada 2016-2019 Canadian Report to the International Commission on Poplars and Other Fast-Growing Trees Sustaining People and the Environment 26th Session, Rome, Italy 5-9 October 2020 Prepared by: John Kort, Indian Head, Saskatchewan William Schroeder, Indian Head, Saskatchewan For: Poplar and Willow Council of Canada/Conseil canadien des peupliers et des saules With financial support from Natural Resources Canada – Canadian Forest Service/ Ressources naturelles Canada – Service canadien des forêts April, 2020 Page 2 of 106 FOREWORD The International Poplar Commission (IPC) of Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) envisages supporting rural livelihoods, enhancing food security and contributing to sustainable land‐use by promoting the genetic conservation and utilization of poplars, willows and other fast-growing trees. These fast‐growing woody species have the potential to enhance ecosystem services including the storage of carbon, and the conservation and remediation of soil and water. Recent research, deployment and technology transfer on Populus, Salix and Alnus in Canada and elsewhere have indicated a great demand for plywood and pellet production, phytoremediation of marginal lands, dedicated bioenergy crops as well as biofuel conversion. As demand for fast-growing trees is increasing in the global market, there is a need to carry out massive cultivation of improved cultivars involving land owners, government agencies and other stakeholders. I am very pleased that the Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Italy and FAO are actively engaged in organising the 26th session of the IPC on “The role of Salicaceae and other fast-growing trees in sustainable wood supplies and climate change mitigation”. I hope Canada’s National Report spearheaded by the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) and the Poplar and Willow Council of Canada (PWCC) provides new knowledge and is useful to practitioners worldwide. I wish to gratefully acknowledge the support of Natural Resources Canada ‐ Canadian Forest Service, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre without which production of this report would not have been possible. I extend my good wishes for the success of this global meeting on fast-growing trees to serve our common challenges. Sincerely, Raju Soolanayakanahally Chair, Poplar and Willow Council of Canada Page 3 of 106 Table of Contents I. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................................ 5 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Canadian National Laws and Policies ................................................................................................ 7 3. British Columbia ................................................................................................................................ 9 4. Alberta ............................................................................................................................................. 10 5. Saskatchewan.................................................................................................................................. 11 6. Manitoba ......................................................................................................................................... 12 7. Ontario ............................................................................................................................................ 14 8. Québec ............................................................................................................................................ 14 9. New Brunswick ................................................................................................................................ 15 10. Prince Edward Island ................................................................................................................... 16 11. Nova Scotia ................................................................................................................................. 17 12. Newfoundland and Labrador ...................................................................................................... 18 13. Yukon Territory ........................................................................................................................... 18 14. Northwest Territories ................................................................................................................. 18 15. Nunavut ....................................................................................................................................... 18 16. Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 18 II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................................ 20 1. Taxonomy, Nomenclature and Registration ................................................................................... 20 a) Salix ............................................................................................................................................. 20 b) Alnus............................................................................................................................................ 20 c) Populus ........................................................................................................................................ 20 d) Registration ................................................................................................................................. 21 2. Domestication and Conservation of Genetic Resources................................................................. 22 a) Populus ........................................................................................................................................ 22 b) Alnus............................................................................................................................................ 28 c) Salix ............................................................................................................................................. 30 3. Plant Health, Resilience to Threats and Climate Change ................................................................ 35 a) Biotic Factors ............................................................................................................................... 35 b) Abiotic Factors ............................................................................................................................ 39 c) Resilience to Threats and Climate Change .................................................................................. 39 Page 4 of 106 4. Sustainable Livelihoods, Land-use, Production and Bioenergy ...................................................... 40 a) Nursery Practices ........................................................................................................................ 41 b) Planted Forests ........................................................................................................................... 43 c) Naturally Regenerated Forest ..................................................................................................... 43 d) Agroforestry and Trees Outside Forests ..................................................................................... 44 5. Application of New Knowledge, Technologies and Techniques ..................................................... 45 a) Harvesting of Poplars, Willows and Other Fast-Growing Trees .................................................. 45 b) Utilization of Poplars, Willows and Other Fast-Growing Trees for Wood Products ................... 46 c) Utilization of Poplars, Willows and Other Fast-Growing Trees for Bioenergy ............................ 46 6. Environmental and Ecosystem Services .......................................................................................... 47 a) Phytoremediation Projects and Initiatives.................................................................................. 47 b) Riparian and Streambank Protection .......................................................................................... 49 c) Shelterbelts ................................................................................................................................. 50 d) Carbon Sink ................................................................................................................................. 51 e) Other Environmental Applications.............................................................................................. 52 III. General Information ....................................................................................................................... 53 1. Administration and Operation of the Poplar and Willow Council of Canada ................................. 53 a) Composition and Governance of the Council ............................................................................
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