Native Tree Families, Including Large and Small Trees, 1/1/08 in the Southern Blue Ridge Region (Compiled by Rob Messick Using Three Sources Listed Below.)
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State of New York City's Plants 2018
STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species. -
New Nomenclature Combinations in the Green Alder Species Complex
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 56:New 1–6 nomenclature(2015) combinations in the green alder species complex (Betulaceae) 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.56.5225 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research New nomenclature combinations in the green alder species complex (Betulaceae) Joyce Chery1 1 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Corresponding author: Joyce Chery ([email protected]) Academic editor: Hugo De Boer | Received 1 May 2015 | Accepted 10 June 2015 | Published 14 August 2015 Citation: Chery J (2015) New nomenclature combinations in the green alder species complex (Betulaceae). PhytoKeys 56: 1–6. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.56.5225 Abstract The name Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC., based on Betula viridis Chaix (1785), has traditionally been attributed to green alders although it is based on a later basionym. Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch based on Betula alnobetula Ehrh. (1783) is the correct name for green alders. In light of the increasing use and recognition of the name Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch in the literature. I herein propose new nomenclatural combinations to account for the Japanese and Chinese subspecies respectively: Alnus alnobetula subsp. maximowiczii (Callier ex C.K. Schneid.) J. Chery and Alnus alnobetula subsp. mandschurica (Callier ex C.K. Schneid.) J. Chery. Recent phylogenetic analyses place these two taxa in the green alder species complex, suggesting that they should be treated as infraspecific taxa under the polymorphic Alnus alnobetula. Keywords Green alders, Alnus viridis, Alnus alnobetula, Betulaceae Introduction Characteristic to the genus, Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch is an anemophilous shrub with carpellate catkins that develop into woody strobili. -
Go Nuts! P2 President’S Trees Display Fall Glory in a ‘Nutritious’ Way Report by Lisa Lofland Gould P4 Pollinators & Native Plants UTS HAVE Always Fascinated N Me
NEWSLETTER OF THE NC NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY Native Plant News Fall 2020 Julie Higgie, editor Vol. 18, Issue 3 INSIDE: Go Nuts! P2 President’s Trees Display Fall Glory in a ‘NUTritious’ Way Report By Lisa Lofland Gould P4 Pollinators & Native Plants UTS HAVE always fascinated N me. I was a squirrel for a while when I P6 Book Review was around six years old. My best friend and I spent hours under an oak tree in a P10 Habitat Report neighbor’s yard one autumn, amassing piles of acorns and dashing from imagined preda- P12 Society News tors. So, it seems I’ve always known there’s P14 Scholar News nothing like a good stash of nuts to feel ready for winter. P16 Member It’s not surprising that a big nut supply might leave a winter-conscious Spotlight beast feeling smug. Nuts provide fats, protein, carbohydrates, and vit- amins, along with a number of essential elements such as copper, MISSION zinc, potassium, and manganese. There is a great deal of food value STATEMENT: in those little packages! All that compactly bundled energy evolved to give the embryo plenty of time to develop; the nut’s worth to foraging Our mission is to animals assures that the fruit is widely dispersed. Nut trees pay a promote the en- price for the dispersal work of the animals, but apparently enough sur- vive to make it worth the trees’ efforts: animals eat the nuts and even joyment and con- bury them in storage, but not all are retrieved, and those that the servation of squirrels forget may live to become the mighty denizens of our forests. -
Ecological Site F136XY031GA PROVISIONAL - Bottomland Forest, Thermic Temperature Regime
Natural Resources Conservation Service Ecological site F136XY031GA PROVISIONAL - Bottomland Forest, Thermic Temperature Regime Accessed: 10/02/2021 General information MLRA notes Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 136X–Southern Piedmont This area is in North Carolina (29 percent), Georgia (27 percent), Virginia (21 percent), South Carolina (16 percent), and Alabama (7 percent). It makes up about 64,395 square miles (166,865 square kilometers). (Ag Bulletin 296) The northeast-southwest trending Piedmont ecoregion comprises a transitional area between the mostly mountainous ecoregions of the Appalachians to the northwest and the relatively flat coastal plain to the southeast. It is a complex mosaic of Precambrian and Paleozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks with moderately dissected irregular plains and some hills. (EPA Ecoregions descriptions) ADD APPROPRIATE ECOREGION DESCRIPTION(S) Classification relationships A PROVISIONAL ECOLOGICAL SITE is a conceptual grouping of soil map unit components within a Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) based on the similarities in response to management. Although there may be wide variability in the productivity of the soils grouped into a Provisional Site, the soil vegetation interactions as expressed in the State and Transition Model are similar and the management actions required to achieve objectives, whether maintaining the existing ecological state or managing for an alternative state, are similar. Provisional Sites are likely to be refined into more precise group during the process of meeting the APPROVED ECOLOGICAL SITE DESCRIPTION criteria. This PROVISIONAL ECOLOGICAL SITE has been developed to meet the standards established in the National Ecological Site Handbook. The information associated with this ecological site does not meet the Approved Ecological Site Description Standard, but it has been through a Quality Control and Quality Assurance processes to assure consistency and completeness. -
American Hornbeam Is Planted in Landscapes and AMERICAN Naturalized Areas
Plant Fact Sheet American hornbeam is planted in landscapes and AMERICAN naturalized areas. It prefers deep, fertile, moist, acidic soil and grows best in partial shade, but will HORNBEAM grow in full sun. Its chief liabilities in cultivation are Carpinus caroliniana Walt. a relatively slow growth rate and difficulty in transplantation. It is not drought-tolerant. Plant Symbol = CACA18 Seeds, buds, or catkins are eaten by a number of Contributed by: USDA NRCS National Plant Data songbirds, ruffed grouse, ring-necked pheasants, Center & the Biota of North America Program bobwhite, turkey, fox, and gray squirrels. Cottontails, beaver, and white-tailed deer eat the leaves, twigs, and larger stems. American hornbeam is heavily used by beaver, because it is readily available in typical beaver habitat. Status Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values). Description American hornbeam is a native, large shrub or small tree with a wide-spreading, flat-topped crown, the stems are slender, dark brown, hairy; bark gray, thin, usually smooth, with smooth, longitudinal fluting (resembling a flexed muscle). Its leaves are deciduous, arranged alternately along stems, egg- shaped to elliptical in outline, ¾ to 4¾ inches long, with doubly-serrate edges. They are glabrous above, slightly to moderately pubescent beneath, especially on major veins, with or without conspicuous dark glands. During the growing season, leaves are dark green but turn yellow to orange or red in the fall. The flowers are unisexual, in catkins. -
Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections
Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections By Emily Beech, Kirsty Shaw and Meirion Jones June 2015 Recommended citation: Beech, E., Shaw, K., & Jones, M. 2015. Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections. BGCI. Acknowledgements BGCI gratefully acknowledges the many botanic gardens around the world that have contributed data to this survey (a full list of contributing gardens is provided in Annex 2). BGCI would also like to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in the promotion of the survey and the collection of data, including the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Yorkshire Arboretum, University of Liverpool Ness Botanic Gardens, and Stone Lane Gardens & Arboretum (U.K.), and the Morton Arboretum (U.S.A). We would also like to thank contributors to The Red List of Betulaceae, which was a precursor to this ex situ survey. BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) BGCI is a membership organization linking botanic gardens is over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. www.bgci.org FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) FFI, founded in 1903 and the world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, based on sound science and take account of human needs. www.fauna-flora.org GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN (GTC) GTC is undertaken through a partnership between BGCI and FFI, working with a wide range of other organisations around the world, to save the world’s most threated trees and the habitats which they grow through the provision of information, delivery of conservation action and support for sustainable use. -
Draft Plant Propagation Protocol
Plant Propagation Protocol for [Alnus viridis] ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Name Alnus viridis Common Name Green alder Species Scientific Name Scientific Name Family: Betulaceae Genus: Alnus Mill. – alder Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. – green alder Varieties Sub-species Alnus viridis subsp. crispa Alnus viridis subsp. fruticosa Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata Alnus viridis subsp. suaveolens Alnus viridis subsp. viridis Cultivar Shrub, tree. Common Synonym(s) Alnus alnobetula Betula alnobetula Common Name(s) Green alder Species Code ALVI5 GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range It ranges from sohern alaska south to norther calfornia and into northern Idaho and Montana. (2) Ecological distribution Green alder is widely distributed throughout interior, central, and northern Alaska across the Yukon Territory and interior Canada to Labrador, Newfoundland, and Greenland. It extends south through New England and the Great Lakes States, and into the Pacific Northwest. Disjunct populations are documented in south-central Pennsylvania and west- central North Carolina (1) Climate and elevation range Grows from sea level up to 1200m (2) Local habitat and abundance Most common native habitats are high mountains swamps, and bottom lands along streams. Plant strategy type / successional A. viridis is a light-demanding, fast-growing shrub that stage grows well on poorer soils. In many areas, it is a highly characteristic colonist of avalanche chutes in mountains, where potentially competing larger trees are killed by regular avalanche damage. Plant characteristics It is a large shrub or small tree 3–12 m tall with smooth grey bark even in old age. The leaves are shiny green with light green undersurfaces, ovoid, 3–8 cm long and 2–6 cm broad. -
Phylogeny of Rosids! ! Rosids! !
Phylogeny of Rosids! Rosids! ! ! ! ! Eurosids I Eurosids II Vitaceae Saxifragales Eurosids I:! Eurosids II:! Zygophyllales! Brassicales! Celastrales! Malvales! Malpighiales! Sapindales! Oxalidales! Myrtales! Fabales! Geraniales! Rosales! Cucurbitales! Fagales! After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374! Phylogeny of Rosids! Rosids! ! ! ! ! Eurosids I Eurosids II Vitaceae Saxifragales Eurosids I:! Eurosids II:! Zygophyllales! Brassicales! Celastrales! Malvales! Malpighiales! Sapindales! Oxalidales! Myrtales! Fabales! Geraniales! Rosales! Cucurbitales! Fagales! After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374! Alnus - alders A. rubra A. rhombifolia A. incana ssp. tenuifolia Alnus - alders Nitrogen fixation - symbiotic with the nitrogen fixing bacteria Frankia Alnus rubra - red alder Alnus rhombifolia - white alder Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia - thinleaf alder Corylus cornuta - beaked hazel Carpinus caroliniana - American hornbeam Ostrya virginiana - eastern hophornbeam Phylogeny of Rosids! Rosids! ! ! ! ! Eurosids I Eurosids II Vitaceae Saxifragales Eurosids I:! Eurosids II:! Zygophyllales! Brassicales! Celastrales! Malvales! Malpighiales! Sapindales! Oxalidales! Myrtales! Fabales! Geraniales! Rosales! Cucurbitales! Fagales! After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374! Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family) ! Fagaceae - 9 genera/900 species.! Trees or shrubs, mostly northern hemisphere, temperate region ! Leaves simple, alternate; often lobed, entire or serrate, deciduous -
Checklist Trees
Willow Linden, Dogwood Trees Serviceberry / Sarvis V American Basswood S Amelanchier arborea Tilia americana Checklist Cockspur Hawthorn W, O Rough-leaved Dogwood V Crataegus crus-galli Cornus drummondii Chickasaw Plum W, O Flowering Dogwood V Prunus angustifolia Cornus florida Big Tree Plum W Tupelo, Ebony Prunus mexicana Black Cherry V Black Gum V Prunus serotina Nyssa sylvatica var. sylvatica Pea Persimmon O Diospyros virginiana Redbud V Ash Cercis canadensis Honey Locust V White Ash M Gleditsia triancanthos Fraxinus americana Black Locust V Blue Ash S, B Robinia pseudo-acacia Fraxinus quadrangualta Cashew Invasive Non-Native Smooth Sumac V Mimosa / Silktree V Rhus glabra Albizia julibrissin Maple Tree of Heaven V Ailanthus altissima Box Elder L, Buffalo National River Acer negundo Red Maple L, Acer rubrum var. rubrum Sugar Maple M Acer saccharum var. saccharum Walnut, Birch Elm, Mulberry, Magnolia The rugged region of the Buffalo national River contains over one hundred different species of Shagbark Hickory M Sugarberry V trees and shrubs. The park trails offer some of Carya ovata Celtis laevigata the best places for viewing native trees and shrubs. This checklist highlights the more Black Hickory V Hackberry V Carya texana Celtis occidentalis Mockernut Hickory V Winged Elm V Habitat Key Carya tomentosa Ulmus alata The following symbols have been Black Walnut V American Elm M used to indicatethetype of habitat Juglans nigra Ulmus americana where trees and shrubs can be found. River Birch S Slippery Elm V Betula nigra Ulmus rubra W - Woodlands B - Bluffs / dry areas / glades Iron wood S, M Osage Orange V S - Streams /swampy areas Carpinus caroliniana Maclura pomifera M - Moist soil L - Lowlands Beech, Oaks Red Mulberry M Morus rubra U - Uplands Ozark Chinquapin V O - Open areas / fields Castanea pumila var. -
The Demographics and Regeneration Dynamic of Hickory in Second-Growth Temperate Forest
Forest Ecology and Management 419–420 (2018) 187–196 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco The demographics and regeneration dynamic of hickory in second-growth T temperate forest ⁎ Aaron B. Leflanda, , Marlyse C. Duguida, Randall S. Morinb, Mark S. Ashtona a Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT, United States b USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Hickory (Carya spp.) is an economically and ecologically important genus to the eastern deciduous forest of Carya North America. Yet, much of our knowledge about the genus comes from observational and anecdotal studies Dendrochronology that examine the genus as a whole, or from research that examines only one species, in only one part of its range. Forest inventory Here, we use data sets from three different spatial scales to determine the demographics and regeneration Landscape patterns of the four most abundant hickory species in the Northeastern United States. These species were the New York shagbark (C. ovata), pignut (C. glabra), mockernut (C. tomentosa), and bitternut (C. cordiformis) hickories. We New England Oak-hickory examine trends in hickory demographics, age class and structure at the regional scale (New England and New Silviculture York), the landscape scale (a 3000 ha forest in northwestern Connecticut) and at the stand scale (0.25–5 ha). Our analysis at all three scales show that individual hickory species are site specific with clumped distribution patterns associated with climate and geology at regional scales; and with soil moisture and fertility at landscape scales. -
List of Approved Trees
CITY OF CAPE MAY - LIST OF APPROVED TREES COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME AESTHETIC QUALITY AND MATURE SIZE CLASS STREET OR LAWN CLASS PLANT SALT TOLERANCE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT- NOTES ISA SPECIES RATING AND LIMITATIONS BIRD BENEFIT (# OF BIRDS) B AMERICAN BEECH FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA LARGE 25 50-70' BLACK OR SWEET BIRCH BETULA LENTA MEDIUM/LARGE 13 40-60' GRAY BIRCH BETULA POPULIFOLIA MEDIUM LAWN 14 20-40' YELLOW BIRCH BETULA LUTEA LARGE 13 60-80' BUTTERNUT JUGLANS CINEREAL MEDIUM/LARGE 11 40-60' C EASTERN RED CEDAR JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA MEDIUM LAWN 32 40-50' BLACK CHERRY PRUNUS SEROTINA LARGE LAWN 53 50-80' CHERRY PRUNUS SSP MEDIUM STREET OR LAWN 42 PIN OR FIRE CHERRY P. PENSYLVANICA 42 CHOKECHERRY P. VIRGINIANA SMALL LAWN 43 20-30' (UTILITY FRIENDLY) CRAB APPLE MALUS SPP SMALL LAWN 26 15-20' (UTILITY FRIENDLY) D FLOWERING DOGWOOD CORNUS FLORIDA SMALL LAWN 34 15-30' (UTILITY FRIENDLY) E ELM ULMUS SSP LARGE LAWN 18 G SOUR GUM OR BLACK TUPELO NYSSA SLYVATICA MEDIUM STREET OR LAWN 34 30-50' SWEET GUM LIQUIDAMBER STYRACIFLUA MEDIUM/LARGE STREET OR LAWN 21 40-60' H HACKBERRY CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS MEDIUM/LARGE STREET OR LAWN 25 40-60' DWARF HACKBERRY CELTIS TENUIFOLIA 25 MOCKERNUT HICKORY CARYA TOMENTOSA LARGE 60-80' PIGNUT HICKORY CARYA GLABRA LARGE 19 70-90' SHAGBARK HICKORY CARYA OVATA LARGE 19 70-90' AMERICAN HOLLY LLEX OPACA MEDIUM LAWN 13 40-50' AMERICAN HORNBEAM CARPINUS CAROLINIANA SMALL STREET OR LAWN 10 20-35' (UTILITY FRIENDLY) M SWEET BAY MAGNOLIA MAGNOLIA VIRGINANA SMALL LAWN 10-35' RED MAPLE ACER RUBRUM MEDIUM/LARGE STREET OR LAWN 5 40-60' -
Juglandaceae (Walnuts)
A start for archaeological Nutters: some edible nuts for archaeologists. By Dorian Q Fuller 24.10.2007 Institute of Archaeology, University College London A “nut” is an edible hard seed, which occurs as a single seed contained in a tough or fibrous pericarp or endocarp. But there are numerous kinds of “nuts” to do not behave according to this anatomical definition (see “nut-alikes” below). Only some major categories of nuts will be treated here, by taxonomic family, selected due to there ethnographic importance or archaeological visibility. Species lists below are not comprehensive but representative of the continental distribution of useful taxa. Nuts are seasonally abundant (autumn/post-monsoon) and readily storable. Some good starting points: E. A. Menninger (1977) Edible Nuts of the World. Horticultural Books, Stuart, Fl.; F. Reosengarten, Jr. (1984) The Book of Edible Nuts. Walker New York) Trapaceae (water chestnuts) Note on terminological confusion with “Chinese waterchestnuts” which are actually sedge rhizome tubers (Eleocharis dulcis) Trapa natans European water chestnut Trapa bispinosa East Asia, Neolithic China (Hemudu) Trapa bicornis Southeast Asia and South Asia Trapa japonica Japan, jomon sites Anacardiaceae Includes Piastchios, also mangos (South & Southeast Asia), cashews (South America), and numerous poisonous tropical nuts. Pistacia vera true pistachio of commerce Pistacia atlantica Euphorbiaceae This family includes castor oil plant (Ricinus communis), rubber (Hevea), cassava (Manihot esculenta), the emblic myrobalan fruit (of India & SE Asia), Phyllanthus emblica, and at least important nut groups: Aleurites spp. Candlenuts, food and candlenut oil (SE Asia, Pacific) Archaeological record: Late Pleistocene Timor, Early Holocene reports from New Guinea, New Ireland, Bismarcks; Spirit Cave, Thailand (Early Holocene) (Yen 1979; Latinis 2000) Rincinodendron rautanenii the mongongo nut, a Dobe !Kung staple (S.