DOCSLIB.ORG

Baseline Assessment of Development Minerals in Fiji

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Baseline Assessment of Development Minerals in Fiji December, 2018 Programme Partners: ACP-EU Development Minerals Programme. Implemented in Partnership with UNDP www.developmentminerals.org Baseline Assessment of Development Minerals in Fiji December, 2018 Programme Partners: ACP-EU Development Minerals Programme. Implemented in Partnership with UNDP www.developmentminerals.org Copyright © 2018 by the United Nations Special additional thanks to the many people throughout Development Programme Fiji who contributed their time, knowledge and experience to the study, including: Malakai Finau, Permanent Secretary UNDP Pacific Office in Fiji of Lands and Mineral Resources; Salaseini Daunabuna, Level 8, Kadavu House Permanent Secretary of Employment, Productivity and 414 Victoria Parade Industrial Relations; Peni Toga, Mineral Resources Suva, Fiji Department, Fiji Ministry of Lands & Mineral Resources; Leba Ph: + (679) 331-2500 Gaunavinaka, Department of Lands, Fiji Ministry of Lands & www.developmentminerals.org Mineral Resources; Kamal Chetty and Tuma Greig, Investment Fiji; The Water Authority of Fiji; Visvanath Das, Fiji Revenue and Customs; Carmine Piantedosi, Land Transport Authority; All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be Aram Goes, Paula Salabula and Samueala Tawakedrau, Fiji reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in Roads Authority; The Ministry of Waterways; Artika Devi and any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, Bimlesh Krishna, Bureau of Statistics; Tevita Kuruvakadua, recording or otherwise, without prior permission. Solomoni Nata and Epeli Ravula, iTaukei Land Trust Board; Authors: Robert Smith, Gary Lee, Akuila Tawake, Epeli Sigatoka Town Council; Lami Town Council; Tavua Town Waqavonovono, Ken Chambers, Tevita Bukarau, Christine Council; Dip Narayan, Ba Town Council; Nadi Town Council; Prasad, Donato Roqica, Isireli Nagata, Timaima Nainoca, Ville National Archives of Fiji; Fiji Development Bank; Harvey Peltovuori, Priya Devi, Josefa Caniogo, Mihaela Stojkoska, Probert, Chairman, Mining and Quarrying Council; Hector Lacina Pakoun, Caroline Ngonze and Daniel M. Franks Smith, The Road Haulage Association; Cama Raimuria and Mitchell Chand, IXOM; Fiji National University; Stephen Series editors: Daniel M. Franks, Lacina Pakoun, Caroline Hallacy, Construction Industry Council; Dick Watling, Nature Ngonze Fiji; Cecil Browne and Ashleigh Matheson, Bank of the South Pacific (BSP); Russell Howorth; Sarah Beavis, Australian About the authors National University; Paulo Vanualailai; The Fiji Times; Nouzab This study was designed by the ACP-EU Development Fareed, Fijian Holdings Ltd; Valebasoga Quarries Ltd; Peter Minerals Programme and performed by the Pacific Watts, Fulton Hogan Hiways Ltd; Bula Earth Quarries Ltd; Community (SPC), GEM Division. Robert Smith led the Pacific Humes Industries Ltd; Azard Construction Company Ltd; Community research team and is lead author of the report. Hanif Industries Ltd; Natural Gift Carriers Ltd; Hussains Daniel Franks led the study design and is the Chief Technical Quarry Ltd; Quality Quarries Ltd; Kashmir Transport Ltd; Advisor and Programme Manager of the ACP-EU Development Digtrac Crushers Ltd; Fairdeal Ltd; Titi’s Sand Supplies Ltd; Minerals Programme. Chands Concrete Industries Ltd; Surya and Sons Ltd; Ambika Prasad and Sons Ltd; Pioneer Concrete Industries; Waimanu R.S, G.L, A.T, E.W, K.C, T.B, C.P, D.R, I.N, T.N, V.P, J.C, L.P., C.N. Trucking Ltd; Niko Buke and Atunaisa Nayago, Goldrock Ltd; and D.F. designed the research; R.S, G.L, A.T, E.W, K.C, T.B, Winstone Aggregates Ltd; Standard Concrete Industries Ltd; C.P, D.R, I.N, T.N, V.P, P.D performed the research; R.S, G.L, A.T, Concrete Solutions Ltd; Flametree Development Ltd; Fushun E.W, K.C, T.B, C.P, D.R, I.N, T.N, V.P, P.D, J.C, L.P., C.N. and D.F Quarry Ltd; All Earthworks Ltd; Nands Civil Contractors Ltd; analysed the data; R.S, G.L, A.T, E.W, K.C, T.B, C.P, D.R, I.N, T.N, Ashik and Shazad Investment Ltd; B&Y Investment Ltd; V.P, J.C, M.S, L.P., C.N. and D.F. wrote and edited the study. Draubuta Quarry Ltd; Petra Industries Ltd; Prataps Civil and Ashphalt Quarries Ltd; Raseru Investment Ltd; SD Transport Cover design: Ana Beatriz Dominguez Organero Ltd; TF Jan Ltd; Tulsi and Sons Ltd; Vinjay Vakash Hire Ltd; Cover Photo: Dawasamu River. Toll Construction Ltd; Fletchers Construction Ltd; Artwave Photo Credit: Poate Degei. Construction Ltd; Abbco Builders Ltd; David Johnston, Island Quarries Ltd; Juicy’s Taxi Ltd; Sowani Tuidrola, Pacific Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge Cement Ltd; Roy Singh, Hotspring Hire Services Ltd. the important contributions of the Fiji Standing Committee on Natural Resources, comprising Hon. Joeli Cawaki, This study is published as part of the publication series: Hon. Alevereti Nabulivou, Hon. Kiniviliame Kiliraki, Hon. Development Minerals in Africa, the Caribbean and the Josefa Dulakiverata and Hon. Samuela Vunivalu. The study Pacific. benefited greatly from the support of: Maximin Emagna, ACP Secretariat; Sergio Piazzardi, European Commission, About the ACP-EU Development Minerals Programme: The International Cooperation and Development; Degol Hailu, ACP-EU Development Minerals Programme is an initiative Godefroid Bigirimana, Asan Amza, Isikeli Valemei, Olita of African, Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Group of States, Antonio and the operational and support staff, UNDP; and coordinated by the ACP Secretariat, financed by the European was guided by feedback from the Neglected Development Commission and United Nations Development Programme Minerals Technical Working Committee: Marika Ritova, (UNDP) and implemented by UNDP. This €13.1 million Sakiusa Waqanisau, Makereta Takala, Raijeli Taga, Apete capacity building program aims to build the profile and Soro, Onisiomo Fonmanu, Sereima Koli, Christine Prasad, improve the management of Development Minerals in Africa, Kitione Raratabu, Laikini Waqanisau, Josateki Savu, Aram the Caribbean and the Pacific. The sector includes the mining Goes, Emani Tawake, Andrew Coriakula, Alfred Atalifo, of industrial minerals, construction materials, dimension Stephen Hallacy, Nunia Thomas. stones and semi-precious stones. Baseline Assessment of Development 3 Minerals in Fiji TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 Key Definitions 6 Acronyms and Abbreviations 7 Executive summary 10 Introduction 11 Study methodology 18 Component 1: Profile of the Sector 62 Component 2: Assessment of the Legal and Policy Framework 72 Component 3: Assessment of the Institutional and Technical Operating Context 101 Component 4: Environmental, Community, Occupational Health and Safety and Socio- Economic Impact Analysis 138 Component 5: Market and Value Chain Analysis 150 Conclusions and recommendations 157 References 163 APPENDIX 1: Questionnaire for Extraction Sites 167 APPENDIX 2: Questionnaire for Beneficiation Sites 174 APPENDIX 3: Socio-Economic Questionnaires 180 APPENDIX 4: Questionnaire for Consumers 184 APPENDIX 5: Digitised and georeferenced quarry resources identified in 1957 Baseline Assessment of Development 5 Minerals in Fiji Key Definitions Beneficiation: any process adding economic value to Development Minerals, such as, crushing and screening construction aggregate into different sizes, pulverising limestone to produce agricultural fertilisers, cutting granite to form dimension stones, and polishing of semi-precious stones for jewellery. Development Minerals: Development Minerals are minerals and materials that are mined, processed, manufactured and used domestically in industries such as construction, manufacturing, and agriculture. Development Minerals are economically important close to the location where the commodity is mined and include industrial minerals, construction materials, dimension stones and semi-precious stones (Franks, Pakoun, Ngonze, 2016).1 2 1 Industrial minerals: substance of economic value, exclusive of metal ores, mineral fuels, and gemstones (e.g. barite, bentonite, borates, calcium carbonate, clays, diatomite, feldspar, granite, gypsum, industrial sand, kaolin, silica, soda ash, talc, wollastonite and zeolite). Construction material (a sub-category of industrial minerals sometimes called ‘industrial rocks’): substances used in the construction of infrastructure, housing and other built structures (e.g. gravel, limestone (cement), construction sand, aggregate, scoria, glass, ceramics, bricks). Dimension stones (a sub-category of industrial minerals and construction materials): rock quarried for the purpose of obtaining blocks or slabs that meet specifications as to size (width, length, and thickness) and shape (e.g. granite, marble, slate, sandstone). Semi-precious stones: a mineral crystal or rock that is generally cut and polished to make jewelry, but that does not include diamond, ruby, emerald and sapphire (precious stones). Examples of semi-precious stones include quartz, amythyst, garnet, aqua-marine, opal and pearl. 2 Franks, DM, Pakoun, L and C Ngonze. 2016. Development Minerals: Transforming a neglected sector in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific. United Nations Development Programme. 6 ACP-EU Development Minerals Programme. Implemented in Partnership with UNDP Acronyms and Abbreviations ACP: African Caribbean Pacific Nations EU: European Union DoL: Department of Lands EIA: Environnemental Impact Assessment EMA: Environnent Management Act 2005 iTLTB: iTaukei Land Trust Board FBoS: Fiji Bureau of Statistics FCEF: Fiji Commerce and Employers Federation FRA: Fiji Roads Authority FRCA:
Recommended publications
  • Survival Guide on the Road

    Survival Guide on the Road

    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd PAGE ON THE YOUR COMPLETE DESTINATION GUIDE 42 In-depth reviews, detailed listings ROAD and insider tips Vanua Levu & Taveuni p150 The Mamanuca & Yasawa Groups p112 Ovalau & the Lomaiviti Group Nadi, Suva & Viti Levu p137 p44 Kadavu, Lau & Moala Groups p181 PAGE SURVIVAL VITAL PRACTICAL INFORMATION TO 223 GUIDE HELP YOU HAVE A SMOOTH TRIP Directory A–Z .................. 224 Transport ......................... 232 Directory Language ......................... 240 student-travel agencies A–Z discounts on internatio airfares to full-time stu who have an Internatio Post offices 8am to 4pm Student Identity Card ( Accommodation Monday to Friday and 8am Application forms are a Index ................................ 256 to 11.30am Saturday Five-star hotels, B&Bs, able at these travel age Restaurants lunch 11am to hostels, motels, resorts, tree- Student discounts are 2pm, dinner 6pm to 9pm houses, bungalows on the sionally given for entr or 10pm beach, campgrounds and vil- restaurants and acco lage homestays – there’s no Shops 9am to 5pm Monday dation in Fiji. You ca Map Legend ..................... 263 to Friday and 9am to 1pm the student health shortage of accommodation ptions in Fiji. See the ‘Which Saturday the University of nd?’ chapter, p 25 , for PaciÀ c (USP) in ng tips and a run-down hese options. Customs Regulations E l e c t r Visitors can leave Fiji without THIS EDITION WRITTEN AND RESEARCHED BY Dean Starnes, Celeste Brash, Virginia Jealous “All you’ve got to do is decide to go and the hardest part is over. So go!” TONY WHEELER, COFOUNDER – LONELY PLANET Get the right guides for your trip PAGE PLAN YOUR PLANNING TOOL KIT 2 Photos, itineraries, lists and suggestions YOUR TRIP to help you put together your perfect trip Welcome to Fiji ...............
  • Reef Check Description of the 2000 Mass Coral Beaching Event in Fiji with Reference to the South Pacific

    Reef Check Description of the 2000 Mass Coral Beaching Event in Fiji with Reference to the South Pacific

    REEF CHECK DESCRIPTION OF THE 2000 MASS CORAL BEACHING EVENT IN FIJI WITH REFERENCE TO THE SOUTH PACIFIC Edward R. Lovell Biological Consultants, Fiji March, 2000 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................4 2.0 Methods.........................................................................................................................................4 3.0 The Bleaching Event .....................................................................................................................5 3.1 Background ................................................................................................................................5 3.2 South Pacific Context................................................................................................................6 3.2.1 Degree Heating Weeks.......................................................................................................6 3.3 Assessment ..............................................................................................................................11 3.4 Aerial flight .............................................................................................................................11 4.0 Survey Sites.................................................................................................................................13 4.1 Northern Vanua Levu Survey..................................................................................................13
  • Coastal Vulnerability and Resilience to Sea-Level Rise and Clim Ate Change

    Coastal Vulnerability and Resilience to Sea-Level Rise and Clim Ate Change

    lntegrated Coastal Zone Management Programme for Western Samoa and Fiji Islands Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability and Resilience to Sea-Level Rise and Clim ate Change Case Study: Yasawa Islands, Nqnrt Phase II: Development of Methodology March 1994 South Pacific Regional Environment Programme(SPREP) Environment Agency, Government of Japan(EAJ) Overseas Environmental Cooperation Center, Japan (OECC) SOUTH PACIFIC REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability and Resilience to Sea-Level Rise and Climate Change Case Study: Yasawa Islandso Fiji Phase 2: Development of Methodology Nunn, P.D. Ravuvu, A.D. Task Team Leader Director Geography Department Institute of Pacific Studies The University of the South Pacific Suva, Fiji Aalbersberg, W. Mimura, N. Chemistry Departrnent Lead Author, IPCC WGII The University of the South Pacific Department of Urban and Suva, Fiji Civil Eng. Ibaraki University Japan Yamada, K OECC Japan Funded by Environmental Agency, Government of Japan March 1994 TEAIVT IVIEMBm$ AI{D TECHMCAL ADVISORS' : DT. PATRICK D. NUNN DT, ASE$ELA D,, RAVLMJ Dtr. WILtIAM AALBERSBERC Dr. NOBUO MIMURA MT. KAZUHITO YAMADA Dr. JOIIN E. HAY Dr. CHAI-APAN I(ALUWIN Nft. MIffIJHIRO YA}TAIT{OTQ Foreword Small islands in South Pacific region are giving special attention and challenges to environmental planning and sustainable development. Small islands have numerous environmental problems including the various pressures like economics and population concentrated on the coastal zone or in limited land area. In addition, extreme climate events, for example, high tides, typhoons, cyclones and storm surges threatens island existence. The islands are ecologically and economically fragile and vulnerable to the effects of climate change and have identified as the prioriry action area for developing adaptive rcsponse strategies for future sea level rise.
  • Research Opportunities in Biomedical Sciences

    Research Opportunities in Biomedical Sciences

    STREAMS - Research Opportunities in Biomedical Sciences WSU Boonshoft School of Medicine 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway Dayton, OH 45435-0001 APPLICATION (please type or print legibly) *Required information *Name_____________________________________ Social Security #____________________________________ *Undergraduate Institution_______________________________________________________________________ *Date of Birth: Class: Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Post-bac Major_____________________________________ Expected date of graduation___________________________ SAT (or ACT) scores: VERB_________MATH_________Test Date_________GPA__________ *Applicant’s Current Mailing Address *Mailing Address After ____________(Give date) _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ Phone # : Day (____)_______________________ Phone # : Day (____)_______________________ Eve (____)_______________________ Eve (____)_______________________ *Email Address:_____________________________ FAX number: (____)_______________________ Where did you learn about this program?:__________________________________________________________ *Are you a U.S. citizen or permanent resident? Yes No (You must be a citizen or permanent resident to participate in this program) *Please indicate the group(s) in which you would include yourself: Native American/Alaskan Native Black/African-American
  • Kadavu Group

    Kadavu Group

    © Lonely Planet Publications 224 www.lonelyplanet.com KADAVU GROUP •• Orientation 225 ORIENTATION school children. There are good treks into The small town of Vunisea is Kadavu’s ad- the interior from Tiliva Resort, Papageno ministrative centre, with the island’s police Eco-Resort and Nagigia Resort. Staff there Kadavu Group station, post office, hospital (all on the top of often act as guides or you can head off on the hill) and airstrip. It is on an isthmus with your own but ask locals if a track is clear Namalata Bay to the west and North Bay to beforehand. The strip of coast between the east. Vunisea is easy to get around on Waisalima Beach Resort and Tiliva vil- foot, but of little interest to travellers. lage makes for a scenic walk at low tide. Unspoilt and with positively prehistoric landscapes, this group of islands sits some 100km The isolated villagers are very traditional below Viti Levu’s southern coast in a flourish of emerald green. Steep verdant banks rise INFORMATION so when visiting a village, ask to speak to from the rugged shoreline hinting at an untamed interior. It’s more than a hint; a dearth Emergency the turaga-ni-koro (hereditary chief) first, % KADAVU GROUP of roads and infrastructure largely confines transport to small boats and maintains the Fiji Recompression Chamber Facility ( 885 0630; remove your hat and don’t carry things on [email protected]; cnr Amy & Brewster Sts, your shoulders (see p36 for more informa- islands’ flawless complexion. For visitors, the effort of traversing the perimeter is offset by Suva) Divers suffering from the bends can be transferred to tion on village etiquette).
  • This Keyword List Contains Pacific Ocean (Excluding Great Barrier Reef)

    This Keyword List Contains Pacific Ocean (Excluding Great Barrier Reef)

    CoRIS Place Keyword Thesaurus by Ocean - 3/2/2016 Pacific Ocean (without the Great Barrier Reef) This keyword list contains Pacific Ocean (excluding Great Barrier Reef) place names of coral reefs, islands, bays and other geographic features in a hierarchical structure. The same names are available from “Place Keywords by Country/Territory - Pacific Ocean (without Great Barrier Reef)” but sorted by country and territory name. Each place name is followed by a unique identifier enclosed in parentheses. The identifier is made up of the latitude and longitude in whole degrees of the place location, followed by a four digit number. The number is used to uniquely identify multiple places that are located at the same latitude and longitude. This is a reformatted version of a list that was obtained from ReefBase. OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Albay Gulf > Cauit Reefs (13N123E0016) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Albay Gulf > Legaspi (13N123E0013) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Albay Gulf > Manito Reef (13N123E0015) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Albay Gulf > Matalibong ( Bariis ) (13N123E0006) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Albay Gulf > Rapu Rapu Island (13N124E0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Albay Gulf > Sto. Domingo (13N123E0002) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Amalau Bay (14S170E0012) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Amami-Gunto > Amami-Gunto (28N129E0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Manu'a Islands (14S170W0038) OCEAN BASIN >
  • Conservation of Bats in the Fiji Islands

    Conservation of Bats in the Fiji Islands

    DISTRIBUTION, STATUS, AND CONSERVATION OF BATS IN THE FIJI ISLANDS A report by: Jorge M. Palmeirim Alan Champion Alivereti Naikatini Jone Niukula Marika Tuiwawa Martin Fisher Mere Yabaki-Gounder Stanley Qalovaki Thomas Dunn September 2005 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Summary 2 2. Introduction 6 3. Methods 8 4. Species accounts 11 4.1. Notopteris macdonaldi Manumanu vaka buina, Fijian blossom-bat 11 4.2. Pteralopex acrodonta Fijian monkey-faced bat 15 4.3. Pteropus samoensis Beka lulu, Samoan flying-fox 18 4.4. Pteropus tonganus Beka dina, Pacific flying-fox 23 4.5. Emballonura semicaudata Beka beka, Pacific sheath-tailed bat 28 4.6. Chaerephon bregullae Kalakalavo, Fijian mastiff-bat 38 5. Key sites and areas for the conservation of bats 42 Acknowledgements 48 Literature cited 49 Annex I – Table with field observations 53 Addresses of authors: Jorge M. Palmeirim - Departamento de Biologia Animal e Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal ([email protected]); Alan Champion1, Martin Fisher2, Mere Yabaki-Gounder, and Thomas Dunn - Department of Biology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji; Alivereti Naikatini and Marika Tuiwawa - South Pacific Regional Herbarium, Institute of Applied Science, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji; Jone Niukula - Fiji National Trust, 3 Ma'afu Street, Suva, Fiji; Stanley Qalovaki - Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Forest and Fishery, Suva, Fiji. 1Presently at School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 99, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia; 2Presently at Fauna & Flora International, Great Eastern House, Tenison Road, Cambridge CB1 2TT, United Kingdom.
  • Kadavu Group

    Kadavu Group

    © Lonely Planet Publications 211 Kadavu Group Sitting sleepily 100km south of Viti Levu, the ruggedly beautiful Kadavu Group offers a slice of wild and untamed Fiji, with few visitors and even fewer amenities. There is one small town here and next-to-no roads. As your plane from the main island touches down on a KADAVU GROUP tiny airstrip surrounded by luminescent sea, volcanic peaks and intense forest, you’ll feel as if you’re embarking upon something special. Your flight will likely be followed by a long, and sometimes bumpy, boat ride to your resort of choice, but the feeling of seclusion and the stunning, almost-prehistoric landscape make it more than worthwhile. Snaking its way around the islands, the Great Astrolabe Reef is justifiably renowned in diving circles. People come from all over the world to sample its underwater delights. Hand- some stretches of long, sandy beach and sheltered coves ring the islands’ perimeters. In the interior you’ll find all manner of bird life, including the colourful Kadavu musk parrot, thriving in an impossibly green rainforest that’s ripe for scrambling up hillsides, splashing about under waterfalls and kayaking through mangroves. The group is made up of several islands including Kadavu (the country’s fourth-largest island), Ono, Galoa and Yaukuve Levu. Kadavu is irregular in shape and is almost split into three by deep bays along its length. At its southern tip sits its highest peak, the impressive, 838m-high Nabukelevu (Mt Washington). There are some 70 villages in the Kadavu Group, all relying largely on subsistence agri- culture and the export, to the main island, of local produce.

  • Catalog of Recent Molluscan Types in the Natural History Museum of Los

    CATALOG OF RECENT MOLLUSCAN TYPES IN THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY compiled by Lindsey T. Groves NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY MALACOLOGY SECTION 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, 90007, USA [email protected] [last updated 3 January, 2012] Abstract. Recent molluscan types currently housed in the Malacology Section of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County are listed herein. Each type lot entry includes original species/subspecies name, original genus, author, original citation, type status, LACM number, number of specimens and preservation, type locality or collection locality, collector [if known], date collected [if known], and current taxonomic status if different from original description. INTRODUCTION This catalog is published in accordance with Recommendation 72F.4 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Ride & others, 2000:79). This listing includes all molluscan type material currently housed at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and supercedes the type listing of Sphon (1971). To date 1922 molluscan type lots (71,000+ specimens) are reported for 1147 species and 99 subspecies, which includes 589 holotypes, 1277 paratype lots, 10 lectotypes, 13 paralectotype lots, 29 syntype lots, 3 neotypes, and 2 neotype lots in 550+ references. Type categories listed include: Holotype (in red), paratype(s) (in blue), syntype(s) (in orange), lectotype (in pink), paralectotype(s) (in aqua), and neotype and/or neotype lots (in brown) as defined by Ride & others (2000). Because the term cotype is not recognized by the ICZN, lots originally designated as cotype(s) (in green) by original specimen labels are now referred to as syntype(s).
  • FIJI TAB2 TAB1 Fiji Fiji 136 © Lonelyplanetpublications Couples, Families,Retirees, Adventurers, Beachbumsandeveryone Inbetween

    FIJI TAB2 TAB1 Fiji Fiji 136 © Lonelyplanetpublications Couples, Families,Retirees, Adventurers, Beachbumsandeveryone Inbetween

    TAB5 TAB4 FIJI TAB2 TAB1 Fiji 136 © LonelyPlanetPublications couples, families, retirees, adventurers, beach bums and everyone inbetween. beachbumsandeveryone adventurers, couples, families,retirees, tobackpackers, populationadoptsyouonarrivaland,bestofall, theplacecaters The andtheLomaivitiIsles. Taveuni ofthe shorelines harmonytobefoundontheremote there’s the romanticsandrecluses where you can tax the credit card with souvenirs, saris, cardwithsouvenirs, youcantaxthecredit where colourful sites, mountain villages,archaeological andanurbanmélange, Hindu temples, aculturalfeast: island,offers thelargest Levu, Viti Levu. or SomosomoStraitbeneathVanua ReefoffKadavu Astrolabe simply wallow.World-classdivingcanbefoundinthemagical andMamanucasobligewithendlessopportunities toswim,surf, snorkel, kayakYasawas or importantly, whennotto. visitorsand,more precisely or twoabouthowtolookafter learnedathing have decades,Fijians destination. Havingbeeninthetouristgameforseveral they do. the mostharriedoftourists,andlocalsmanagetoimbueasensegraceintoeverything of Fiji themany landscapes oflushislandssurroundedbykaleidoscopicA sprawlingbrew reefs, warmth is tireless. The cheerofasingle The warmth istireless. people, whoseunaffected theFijian expectations, it’sonlyhalfthebeauty.Equallyvibrantare Butwhilethefaçademeetsbrochure with vivid coralandawealthofmarinelife. teems HIGHLIGHTS In a (coco)nut shell, Fiji is arguably the easiest place in the South Pacific to travel around. totravel theeasiestplaceinSouthPacific isarguably In a(coco)nutshell,Fiji
  • Figi=Viti=Fiji

    Figi=Viti=Fiji

    FIGI FIGI=VITI=FIJI State of Fiji=Republic of the Fiji Islands=Mataniku ko Viti Repubblica delle Figi Suva, 85.000---170.000 ab. Kmq. 18.272 (18.233)(18.270)(18.389)(18.730) 320---880 Isole dont 100 abitate. Compreso Isola Rotuma (in disputa con Chiribati). Compreso Isola Minerva=Minerva Reefs, in disputa con Tonga. Reclama a Chiribati (che la occupa) Banaba Island. Movimento secessionista/indipendentista a Rotuma. Ab. 550.000---700.000 Densità: 38 ab/Kmq. Figiani=Masi=Melanesiani (49%) Indiani=Indofigiani (46%) Pachistani Tamili Bianchi Lingua Nazionale/Ufficiale: Figiano/Indostano figiano/Inglese Alfabetizzazione: 80---90% Ciechi: 400 Sordi: 50.000 Indice di diversità: 0.60 Chiribati=Chiribatiano=Kiribati=Ichiribati=Ikiribati=Ghilbertese=Gilbertese (5.500) Cinese=Chinese (5.500) Figiano=Fijian=Figi=Fiji=Figiano Standard=Standard Fijian=Figiano Orientale= Eastern Fijian=Nadroga=Nadronga (335.000) - Cadavo=Cadavu=Kadavu=Ono=Tavuchi=Tavuki=Nebuchelevo=Nabuchele- vu=Nabukelevu - Vitilevu Sudorientale=Viti Levu Sudorientale=Southeast Viti Levu=Uaidina= Waidina=Lutu=Nandrau=Naimasimasi - Bau=Bauano=Bauan=Mbau - Vitilevu Nordorientale=Viti Levu Nordorientale=Northeast Viti Levu=Tocai- malo=Tokaimalo=Namena=Lovoni - Vanualevu Centrale=Vanua Levu Centrale=Central Vanua Levu=Baravi= Pagina 1 di 11 FIGI Baaravi=Seacaca=Seaqaaqaa=Nabalebale=Savusavu - Vanualevu Nordorientale=Vanua Levu Nordorientale=Northeast Vanua Levu =Labasa=Dogotuchisacani=Dogotuchi Sacani=Dogotuki Saqani=Corolau Korolau - Vanualevu Sudorientale=Vanua Levu Sudorientale=Southeast
  • A Parallel Population Genomic and Hydrodynamic

    A Parallel Population Genomic and Hydrodynamic

    RESEARCH ARTICLE A Parallel Population Genomic and Hydrodynamic Approach to Fishery Management of Highly-Dispersive Marine Invertebrates: The Case of the Fijian Black- Lip Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera Monal M. Lal1,2*, Paul C. Southgate1,2,3, Dean R. Jerry1,2, Cyprien Bosserelle4, Kyall a11111 R. Zenger1,2 1 Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, 2 College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, 3 Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia, 4 Geoscience Division, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Nabua, Suva, Fiji Islands OPEN ACCESS * [email protected] Citation: Lal MM, Southgate PC, Jerry DR, Bosserelle C, Zenger KR (2016) A Parallel Population Genomic and Hydrodynamic Approach to Fishery Abstract Management of Highly-Dispersive Marine Invertebrates: The Case of the Fijian Black-Lip Pearl Fishery management and conservation of marine species increasingly relies on genetic Oyster Pinctada margaritifera. PLoS ONE 11(8): data to delineate biologically relevant stock boundaries. Unfortunately for high gene flow e0161390. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161390 species which may display low, but statistically significant population structure, there is no Editor: Michael A. Russello, University of British clear consensus on the level of differentiation required to resolve distinct