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Strategie Et Plan D'action Pour La Mise En Œuvre De La Grande Muraille

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Strategie Et Plan D'action Pour La Mise En Œuvre De La Grande Muraille REPUBLIQUE DE DJIBOUTI MINISTERE DE L’HABITAT, DE L’URBANISME, DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT ET DE L’AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE STRATEGIE ET PLAN D’ACTION POUR LA MISE EN ŒUVRE DE LA GRANDE MURAILLE VERTE A DJIBOUTI(SGMVD) Mars 2011 1 Table des matières Résumé ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Sigles et abréviations .......................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 8 CONTEXTE GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.1. Contexte physique et humain ......................................................................................................... 10 1.2. Contexte économique ......................................................................................................................... 12 1.3. Politiques et stratégies de développement rural .................................................................... 14 1.4. Conventions, accords et autres traités environnementaux signés ................................ 15 La GrandeMuraille Verte en République de Djibouti ................................................................ 17 2.1. Définition.................................................................................................................................................. 17 2.2. Objectifs .................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.3. Le tracé de la GMV et les unités opérationnelles délimitées ............................................ 18 2.4. Analyse des caractéristiques biophysiques des unités traversées par la GMV .......... 23 2.4.1. Caractéristiques climatiques ................................................................................. 23 2.4.2. Ressources en eaux de surface et souterraines.............................................. 25 2.5. Ressources végétales et fauniques ................................................................................................ 29 2.5.1. Ressources végétales ............................................................................................... 29 2.5.2. Ressources fauniques .............................................................................................. 31 2.6. Analyse des caractéristiques socio-économiques des zones traversées par la GMV ...................................................................................................................................................................... 32 2.6.1. Caractéristiques sociales ........................................................................................ 32 2.6.2. Caractéristiques économiques .............................................................................. 37 2.6.3. Infrastructures sociales de base .......................................................................... 42 2. 7. Enjeux et problématiques prioritaires ....................................................................................... 44 2.8. Analyse des atouts et contraintes ................................................................................................. 45 LA STRATEGIE DE LA GRANDE MURAILLE VERTE A DJIBOUTI (SGMVD) ....................... 47 3.1. Justification et déclinaison avec les autres stratégies et politiques nationales .......................................................................................................................................................... 47 3.2. Objectifs .................................................................................................................................................... 48 3.3. Organisation de la stratégie ............................................................................................................. 49 3.3.1. Les niveaux d’intervention ..................................................................................... 49 3.3.2. Les axes stratégiques ............................................................................................... 49 3.3.3. Description des axes stratégiques ....................................................................... 51 A. Axe 1 : Evaluer, mobiliser et gérer les ressources en eau souterraines et celles de surface pour les différents besoins de la GMV ..................................................................... 51 1. Organisation des actions proposées ......................................................................................... 51 2. Présentations résumée des actions proposées ..................................................................... 52 2 B. Axe 2 : Réhabiliter les terres et la couverture végétale à travers les actions de gestion durable des terres et des ressources naturelles notamment la régénération naturelle assistée, l’agroforesterie et la plantation d’arbres dans les ouvrages de restauration des eaux et des sols / défense et restauration des sols pour maintenir une gestion intégrée durable du capital productif; .................................... 55 1. Comment planifier la récupération de terres dégradées ? ............................................. 55 2. Le pastoralisme, un domaine à considérer ............................................................................ 56 3. L’agroforesterie et le reboisement, deux domaines prioritaires .................................. 57 4. Organisation des activités proposées ....................................................................................... 58 C. Axe 3 : instaurer un cadre d’appui aux populations pour sécuriser les réalisations tout en les accompagnant dans l’amélioration de leurs conditions socio-économiques ............................................................................................................................. 59 1. L’agriculture, un secteur clef ....................................................................................................... 59 2. L’élevage, une activité qui occupe plus de la moitié de la population rurale ........ 60 3. Promotion des activités génératrices de revenus et de sécurisation alimentaire :levier fort pour la réussite de la GMV à Djibouti: .................................................. 62 4. Assurer des infrastructures sociales de base aux populations concernées ............. 63 5. Organisation des activités proposées ....................................................................................... 65 D. Axe 4 : disposer d’un cadre juridique et institutionnel conséquent de mise en œuvre des activités de la GMV. ...................................................................................................... 66 1. Information, sensibilisation et formation .............................................................................. 66 3. Actions juridiques et institutionnelles .................................................................................... 67 3.Cadre de mise en œuvre .......................................................................................................................... 67 3.1. Organe d’exécution .................................................................................................. 67 3.2. Dispositions institutionnelles .............................................................................. 68 3.3. Impacts environnementaux attendus et mesures d’atténuation et suivi environnemental ......................................................................................................... 70 3.4. Mécanisme de suivi-évaluation ........................................................................... 71 3.5. Durabilité et risques ............................................................................................... 73 3.6. Principes d’intervention ................................................................................................................ 76 3.6.1. Bonne gouvernance des ressources naturelles .......................................... 76 3.6.2. L’intégration régionale et la prise en compte des engagements internationaux ........................................................................................................................ 77 3.6.3. Engagement á long terme des partenaires .................................................. 77 3.6.4. Evaluation et ajustement de la stratégie ...................................................... 78 3.6.5. Organisation des activités proposées ............................................................ 78 PLAN D’ACTION DE MISE EN OEUVRE DE LA STRATEGIE ................................................... 79 4.1. Objectifs du plan d’action ............................................................................................................. 79 4.2. Les résultats attendus du plan d’action .................................................................................. 79 4.3. Les unités physiographiques d’intervention ............................................................................ 79 4.4. Bénéficiaires et bénéfices attendus .............................................................................................. 80 4.5. Partenariats sociaux et institutionnels .....................................................................................
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