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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
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Assessment and Prioritization of Major Camel Diseases in Selected Areas of Afar Regional State, Samara, Ethiopia
Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology (MEJAST) (Peer Reviewed International Journal) Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 23-32, January-March 2020 Assessment and Prioritization of Major Camel Diseases in Selected Areas of Afar Regional State, Samara, Ethiopia Wossene Negash1*, Nuru Seid1 & Fikru Gizaw1 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Samara University, P.O. Box, 132, Samara, Ethiopia. 1*Email: [email protected] Article Received: 11 December 2019 Article Accepted: 07 February 2020 Article Published: 17 March 2020 ABSTRACT A cross sectional study was carried out from January to July 2014 GC in an attempt to assess and prioritize major camel diseases and identify risk factors in the selected areas of Afar region. Camel owners’ interview and retrospective data analysis were the study methods employed. Relevant collected data were organized, filtered and fed into Microsoft Excel sheet and further analyzed using SPSS statistical tools at P< 0.05. Descriptive statistics was carried to determine frequencies of camel diseases camel. Based on descriptive statistics, the study identified and prioritized 16 camel diseases. Chi-Square analysis was computed to measure the degree of association between disease occurrence and risk factors (age, sex, study area and season). Binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyzes were computed at P<0.05 to measure the significance of associated risk factors on disease occurrence. Statistically significant variations (P<0.05) were observed for sex, seasons, age, and study sites on the occurrence of disease with exception kebeles (P>0.05). Though the study duly has revealed numerous diseases of the camel, the actual existence (laboratory based confirmation) and epidemiology of each disease still demands further investigative studies. -
Eastern Ethiopia
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Eastern Ethiopia Why Go? Debre Zeyit ....................174 Most of Eastern Ethiopia is a stark landscape of dust-stained Awash National Park .....176 acacia scrub and forgettable towns. But scattered around Awash to Asaita .............178 this cloak of the commonplace are gems of genuine ad- Asaita ............................ 180 venture. Undoubtedly, the east’s pièce de résistance is the walled city of Harar. There’s still a patina of myth about this Dire Dawa ......................181 ancient town, handed down from the days when its markets Around Dire Dawa ........ 184 served as the Horn’s commercial hub and attracted powerful Harar ............................. 184 merchants, artisans and Islamic scholars. The colonial-rural Around Harar.................193 melange that is the modern city of Dire Dawa delights in its Jijiga ............................. 194 own odd way, while nature lovers can get their kicks at Ba- bille Elephant Sanctuary and Awash National Park, where the volcanic landscape takes top billing over the wildlife. The truly intrepid can follow the seemingly endless ribbon Best of Culture of asphalt north to the desolate southern Danakil Desert; » Harar’s old walled city the territory remains virtually unexplored since legendary (p 185 ) adventurer Wilfred Thesiger first thrilled the world with » Harar’s cultural guest- tales of the proud Afar. houses (p 190 ) » Koremi (p 193 ) When to Go » Dire Dawa’s markets (p 189 ) Harar °C/°F Te m p Rainfall inches/mm 30/86 6/150 Best of Nature 20/68 » Babille Elephant 4/100 Sanctuary (p 193 ) 10/50 2/50 » Hyena Feeding (p 189 ) 0/32 » Fantale Crater (p 176 ) -10/14 0 » Valley of Marvels (p 194 ) J FDAJJMAM OS N May-Sep Rainy Sep The seem- Nov-Jan Driest and hot season ingly barren months; best to sends lowland Asaita road is see elephants at temperatures up painted yellow by Babille and the to 45°C. -
Djibouti: Z Z Z Z Summary Points Z Z Z Z Renewal Ofdomesticpoliticallegitimacy
briefing paper page 1 Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub David Styan Africa Programme | April 2013 | AFP BP 2013/01 Summary points zz Change in Djibouti’s economic and strategic options has been driven by four factors: the Ethiopian–Eritrean war of 1998–2000, the impact of Ethiopia’s economic transformation and growth upon trade; shifts in US strategy since 9/11, and the upsurge in piracy along the Gulf of Aden and Somali coasts. zz With the expansion of the US AFRICOM base, the reconfiguration of France’s military presence and the establishment of Japanese and other military facilities, Djibouti has become an international maritime and military laboratory where new forms of cooperation are being developed. zz Djibouti has accelerated plans for regional economic integration. Building on close ties with Ethiopia, existing port upgrades and electricity grid integration will be enhanced by the development of the northern port of Tadjourah. zz These strategic and economic shifts have yet to be matched by internal political reforms, and growth needs to be linked to strategies for job creation and a renewal of domestic political legitimacy. www.chathamhouse.org Djibouti: Changing Influence in the Horn’s Strategic Hub page 2 Djibouti 0 25 50 km 0 10 20 30 mi Red Sea National capital District capital Ras Doumeira Town, village B Airport, airstrip a b Wadis ERITREA a l- M International boundary a n d District boundary a b Main road Railway Moussa Ali ETHIOPIA OBOCK N11 N11 To Elidar Balho Obock N14 TADJOURA N11 N14 Gulf of Aden Tadjoura N9 Galafi Lac Assal Golfe de Tadjoura N1 N9 N9 Doraleh DJIBOUTI N1 Ghoubbet Arta N9 El Kharab DJIBOUTI N9 N1 DIKHIL N5 N1 N1 ALI SABIEH N5 N5 Abhe Bad N1 (Lac Abhe) Ali Sabieh DJIBOUTI Dikhil N5 To Dire Dawa SOMALIA/ ETHIOPIA SOMALILAND Source: United Nations Department of Field Support, Cartographic Section, Djibouti Map No. -
Djibouti 2019 Crime & Safety Report
Djibouti 2019 Crime & Safety Report This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Embassy in Djibouti, Djibouti. According to The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses Djibouti at Level 1, indicating travelers should exercise normal precautions. Overall Crime and Safety Situation The U.S. Embassy in Djibouti does not assume responsibility for the professional ability or integrity of the persons or firms appearing in this report. The ACS Unit cannot recommend a particular individual or location and assumes no responsibility for the quality of service provided. Review OSAC’s Djibouti-specific page for original OSAC reporting, consular messages, and contact information, some of which may be available only to private-sector representatives with an OSAC password. Crime Threats There is moderate risk from crime in Djibouti. Most reported incidents are crimes of opportunity (e.g. pickpocketing, petty theft) for immediate gain. Panhandlers and street children target foreigners for petty theft by creating distractions. Unreported crimes also commonly occur within the local community. Exercised caution in congested areas such as the central market, city center, and downtown neighborhoods (known locally as quartiers), especially after dark. Avoid isolated areas, particularly along the urban coastline. The large number of illegal immigrants/refugees and unemployed Djiboutians loitering downtown and in other areas expatriates frequent may allow criminals to roam undetected. People in congested areas (e.g. port, market areas, and city center) are at greatest risk for street crime. Do not give money to people who wash your cars without permission, or who watch your car while parked. -
World Bank Document
The World Bank Second Djibouti-Ethiopia Power System Interconnection Project (P173763) Public Disclosure Authorized For Official Use Only Public Disclosure Authorized Concept Environmental and Social Review Summary Concept Stage (ESRS Concept Stage) Date Prepared/Updated: 06/25/2020 | Report No: ESRSC01414 Public Disclosure Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Jun 25, 2020 Page 1 of 11 The World Bank Second Djibouti-Ethiopia Power System Interconnection Project (P173763) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Country Region Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Africa AFRICA P173763 Project Name Second Djibouti-Ethiopia Power System Interconnection Project Practice Area (Lead) Financing Instrument Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Energy & Extractives Investment Project 9/21/2020 1/20/2021 Financing For Official Use Only Borrower(s) Implementing Agency(ies) Republic of Djibouti - Electricité de Djibouti Ministry of Economy and Finance Proposed Development Objective(s) The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to enhance reliable and affordable electricity trade between Ethiopia and Djibouti. Public Disclosure Financing (in USD Million) Amount Total Project Cost 75.00 B. Is the project being prepared in a Situation of Urgent Need of Assistance or Capacity Constraints, as per Bank IPF Policy, para. 12? No C. Summary Description of Proposed Project [including overview of Country, Sectoral & Institutional Contexts and Relationship to CPF] The proposed IDA credit will co-finance with the AfDB the Djibouti section of the 2nd Djibouti-Ethiopia interconnector. Additional Technical Assistance, Capacity Building and Program Management may be provided under the IDA credit. D. Environmental and Social Overview Jun 25, 2020 Page 2 of 11 The World Bank Second Djibouti-Ethiopia Power System Interconnection Project (P173763) D.1. -
Djibouti 2013
APPEL GLOBAL DJIBOUTI 2013 Crédit: Jean-Baptiste Tabone DJIBOUTI Appel global 2013 i APPEL GLOBAL DJIBOUTI 2013 Participants au Plan d’Action Humanitaire 2013 à Djibouti C CARE International, Croissant Rouge de Djibouti F FAO, FNUAP H HCR J Johanniter International O OIM, OMS, ONUSIDA P PAM, PNUD U UNICEF, UNOCHA Veuillez noter que les appels sont révisés régulièrement. La dernière version de ce document est disponible sur http ://unocha.org/cap/. Les détails complets des projets sont continuellement mis à jour, et peuvent être consultés, téléchargés et imprimés sur http://fts.unocha.org. ii APPEL GLOBAL DJIBOUTI 2013 TABLE DES MATIERES 1. RESUME ................................................................................................................................... 1 Tableau de bord humanitaire ........................................................................................................ 2 Table I: Besoins par groupe sectoriel ....................................................................................... 4 Table II: Besoins par niveau de priorité ..................................................................................... 4 Table III: Besoins par agence ..................................................................................................... 5 2. REVUE DE L’ANNEE 2012 ....................................................................................................... 6 Réalisation des objectifs stratégiques de 2012 et leçons retenues ............................................. 6 -
Market Chain Analysis of Live Goats Asaita District, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia
Market chain analysis of live goats Asaita District, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia Gebremariam Gebrezgabher Gebremedhin and Yemiru Tesfaye Country Report Drylands and pastoralism Keywords: April 2015 Drylands, pastoralism, economic resilience About the authors Partner organisations Gebremariam Gebrezgabher Gebremedhin, Masters’ degree IIED is a policy and action research organisation. We promote candidate, School of Natural Resources and Environmental sustainable development to improve livelihoods and protect Studies, Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural the environments on which these livelihoods are built. We Resources, Hawassa University, Wondogenet, Ethiopia specialise in linking local priorities to global challenges. IIED Contact email: [email protected] is based in London and works in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and the Pacific, with some of the world’s most Yemiru Tesfaye is an assistant professor at Wondo Genet vulnerable people. We work with them to strengthen their voice College of Forestry and Natural Resources in Hawassa in the decision-making arenas that affect them — from village University, Ethiopia. He got his Masters and PhD degrees councils to international conventions. in forest management from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. He has been teaching courses on The Feinstein International Center of the Tufts University ‘Forest Management’, ‘Forest Economics’, and ‘Research Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Methods and Scientific Writing’. His research interests include Science and Policy develop and promote operational and ‘Forest Management, Forest Economics, Participatory forest policy responses to protect and strengthen the lives and management and local livelihoods’. livelihoods of people living in crisis-affected and marginalized communities who are impacted by violence, malnutrition, loss Produced by IIED’s Climate Change of assets or forced migration. -
World Bank Document
PA)Q"bP Q9d9T rlPhGllPC LT.CIILh THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA Ph,$F&,P f1~77Pq ).rlnPQnlI (*) ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY w Port Otflce Box 1770 Addlr Ababa Ethlopla ra* ~3 ~TC1770 nRn nnrl rtms Cable Addreu Hlghways Addlr Ababa P.BL'ICP ill~~1ill,& aa~t+mn nnrl Public Disclosure Authorized Telex 21issO Tel. No. 551-71-70/79 t&hl 211860 PlOh *'PC 551-71-70179 4hb 251-11-5514865 Fax 251-11-551 866 %'PC Ref. No. MI 123 9 A 3 - By- " - Ato Negede Lewi Senior Transport Specialist World Bank Country Office Addis Ababa Ethiopia Public Disclosure Authorized Subject: APL 111 - Submission of ElA Reports Dear Ato Negede, As per the provisions of the timeframe set for the pre - appraisal and appraisal of the APL Ill Projects, namely: Public Disclosure Authorized 1. Aposto - Wendo - Negelle, 2. Gedo - Nekemte, 3. Gondar - Debark, and 4. Yalo - Dallol, we are hereby submitting, in both hard and soft copies, the final EIA Reports of the Projects, for your information and consumption, addressing / incorporating the comments received at different stages from the Bank. Public Disclosure Authorized SincP ly, zAhWOLDE GEBRIEl, @' Elh ,pion Roods Authority LJirecror General FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY E1546 v 4 N Y# Dalol W E Y# Kuneba Y# CONSULTANCYBerahile SERVICES S F OR FOR Ab-Ala Y# FEASIBILITY STUDY Y# ENVIRONMENTALAfdera IMPACT ASSESSMENT Megale Y# Y# Didigsala AND DETAILEDYalo ENGINEERING DESIGN Y# Y# Manda Y# Sulula Y# Awra AND Y# Serdo Y# TENDEREwa DOCUMENT PREPARATIONY# Y# Y# Loqiya Hayu Deday -
Migrant Smuggling: Paths from the Horn of Africa to Yemen and Saudi
Migrant smuggling Paths from the Horn of Africa to Yemen and Saudi Arabia Peter Tinti This report examines the smuggling networks facilitating irregular migration from the Horn of Africa to countries in the Arabian Peninsula, also referred to as the Gulf. In addition to analysing the structure and modus operandi of migrant smuggling networks, the author considers the extent to which these networks are involved in other forms of organised criminal activity, such as arms and narcotics trafficking. The report concludes with recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders operating in the Horn of Africa and Yemen. AFRICA IN THE WORLD REPORT 7 | NOVEMBER 2017 Introduction Key points Although it receives far less media and policy attention, the number of Foreign donors and bilateral irregular migrants travelling from the Horn of Africa to Yemen and Saudi partners should promote Arabia dwarfs the number migrating from the Horn of Africa toward Europe. general capacity-building of In 2016, a record 117 107 irregular arrivals were recorded in Yemen, 83% of relevant state institutions, which were Ethiopian. Somalis comprised the remaining 17%.1 rather than focusing on migrant smuggling, when training law- The numbers detected crossing along the same routes in 2017, close to enforcement, judiciary, and 55 000 as of the end of May,2 are lower than in 2016, but these flows still border-control staff. represent a substantial movement of people, raising several questions about human security, organised crime, regional migration management policies, Policies to counter migrant and to a lesser extent armed conflict in Yemen.3 Given the deteriorating smuggling must be country security situation in Yemen and limited monitoring in the transit countries of specific and adequately Djibouti and Somalia, it is likely that actual arrivals are considerably higher account for the social, than those recorded, with migrants also seeking to avoid detection by local economic and political context governments as well as humanitarian and aid agencies during their journey. -
World Bank Document
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized TABLE OF CONTENT Pages Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................................. iv Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Background and Context ............................................................................................. 10 1.2 Objectives of Social Assessment .................................................................................. 11 1.3 Scope of the Social Assessment ................................................................................... 12 1.4 Methodology of Social Assessment ............................................................................. 12 1.4.1 Study Approach ......................................................................................................... 12 1.4.2 Data Collection Methods and Tools ......................................................................... 13 1.4.2.1 Data Collection Methods .................................................................................. 13 1.4.2.1.1 Secondary Data Collection Methods ...................................................... 13 1.4.2.1.2 Primary Data Collection Methods ........................................................