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Marseille Faculte De Pharmacie Foutse Yimta UNIVERSITE D’AIX -MARSEILLE FACULTE DE PHARMACIE Ecole Doctorale sciences de l’environnement THESE Présentée pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE D’AIX- MARSEILLE Spécialité : Environnement et Santé ENQUÊTE ETHNOBOTANIQUE SUR LES PLANTES MEDICINALES UTILISEES DANS LA REGION DE L’OUEST CAMEROUN ETUDE PHYTOCHIMIQUE ET PHARMACOLOGIQUE D’AFZELIA AFRICANA J.E. Smith ex Pers Présentée le 8 décembre 2017 à Marseille Par FOUTSE YIMTA Membres du Jury : Pr Evelyne OLLIVIER : Directeur Université Aix Marseille, Dr Béatrice BAGHDIKIAN Co-directeur Université Aix Marseille, Pr Denis WOUESSIDJEWE Rapporteur Université Grenoble, Pr Dominique LAURAIN-MATTAR Rapporteur Université de Nancy Dr Géneviève BOURDY Examinateur Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Dr Gaëtan HERBETTE Examinateur Université Aix-Marseille Dr Valérie MAHIOU-LEDDET Invité Université Aix Marseille Dr Carole DI GIORGIO Invité Université Aix Marseille 1 REMERCIEMENTS Au Président de l’AED Monsieur Henri Njomgang et aux membres du bureau exécutif, je voudrais vous remercier pour la confiance et le soutien financier que vous avez consentis pour que cette formation se déroule dans de bonnes conditions. Je vous promets en retour de m’investir totalement dans la transmission des connaissances acquises en direction de la jeune génération et de participer activement au développement de notre Institution UdM. Au Président de l’Université des Montagnes le Pr Lazare KAPTUE, à la Vice- présidente chargée de l’enseignement, le Pr Jeanne NGONGANG, je tiens à exprimer toute ma gratitude pour avoir soutenu ce projet de formation durant ces trois années. Je vous promets de tout mettre en œuvre pour lever les défis qui me seront proposés. Au Pr Kaba KOUROUMA, Vice-Doyen de la filière de pharmacie, je vous remercie d’avoir soutenu ce projet de formation, vos conseils tout au long de ces années m’ont été utiles pour conduire à son terme ma formation. Au Dr François NGUIMATSIA, je vous remercie de la confiance que vous m’avez accordée en soutenant ce projet de formation. Vos multiples conseils m’ont toujours redonné le courage. Soyez assuré de toute ma gratitude. A tous les enseignants de la filière pharmacie de l’Université des Montagnes, Pr Jean Michel TEKAM, Dr Jonas KOUAMOUO, Dr Ernest DJOKO, Dr François KAMAGNE, Dr Rosine CHOUGOUO, Dr Bérenger NGALEMO, Dr Josué SIMO pour vos multiples conseils. A Madame le Professeur Evelyne OLLIVIER, je tiens à vous exprimer ma profonde gratitude pour la spontanéité avec laquelle vous m’avez acceptée au sein du Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et d’Ethnopharmacologie de la Faculté de Pharmacie de l’Université de Aix-Marseille. Votre enthousiasme, votre humanisme, votre constante disponibilité me marqueront à jamais. Vous n’avez cessé de me conseiller, de m’orienter et de me soutenir tout au long de ce travail. Veuillez trouver ici le témoignage de mon respect et de ma reconnaissance. ii A Madame le Docteur Béatrice BAGHDIKAN, vous avez accepté de me guider dans la réalisation de ce travail qui n’aurait pas pu se faire sans vos compétences scientifiques, votre totale disponibilité et votre esprit critique. Vous m’avez aidée en toutes circonstances à combler un vide pendant la période d’absence de Madame MAHIOU. J’ai pu apprécier votre grande gentillesse, votre compréhension et vos qualités humaines. Soyez assurée de ma profonde reconnaissance. A Madame le Docteur Valérie MAHIOU, je tiens à vous remercier très sincèrement pour votre aide, vos conseils précieux, votre grande gentillesse, votre compréhension et votre disponibilité dans la réalisation de ce travail malgré les difficultés que vous traversiez. A Monsieur le Pr Dénis WOUESSIDJEWE, je tiens à vous exprimer toute ma gratitude et mon respect pour avoir cru en moi et proposé à l’AED et à l’UdM, non sans difficultés d’accepter et de contribuer à ma formation par le biais de cette thèse. Vos constants encouragements, votre grande disponibilité et votre soutien permanent et vos conseils scientifiques ont été d’une importance capitale tout au long de mon travail. Vous avez fait de mes difficultés les vôtres. C’est toujours avec beaucoup de gentillesse, de compréhension, de patience et de justesse que vous avez traité les quelques difficultés survenues durant ce travail. En outre, je suis heureuse et fière que vous soyez un des rapporteurs de cette thèse. A Madame le Pr Dominique LAURAIN-MATTAR Je vous remercie pour avoir accepté d’être l’un des rapporteurs de cette thèse. Recevez toute ma reconnaissance. A Madame le Dr Géneviève BOURDY : Je vous remercie pour votre disponibilité à examiner cette thèse. A Madame le Docteur Sok-Siya BUN, à Monsieur le Docteur Riad ELIAS, je vous remercie très sincèrement pour votre acceuil chaleureux, vos précieux conseils et vos encouragements. A Monsieur Fathi MABROUKI, Madame Elisabeth ORNETO, Madame Pascale MARCEL et Madame Rose VALENTE, merci pour votre grande disponibilité pendant la réalisation de ce travail. iii A Madame le Docteur Carole DI GIORGIO, Monsieur Sébastien HUTTER, je tiens à vous remercier pour votre gentillesse et votre disponibilité pour la réalisation des tests pharmacologiques. A Monsieur Gaëtan HERBETTE, merci pour votre grande gentillesse, pour votre disponibilité dans la phase de la détermination structurale des composés. A Madame le Docteur Sandrine ALIBERT, merci pour votre disponibilité dans la réalisation des tests antibactériens et sur les pompes à efflux. A tous les collègues de promotion du laboratoire, Elnur GARAGEVet Minh Aih, merci pour votre grande disponibilité malgré vos occupations multiples, vous trouviez toujours le temps de répondre à mes nombreuses questions, merci infiniment. A mes chers parents, Feu papa FOUTSE ABRAHAM et maman Dora NJAWE JESSIE, pour tous les sacrifices, les efforts et le profond amour que vous prodiguiez quotidiennement pour la réussite de vos enfants. Ce travail est la concrétisation de l’affection et de la profonde reconnaissance que j’éprouve pour vous. A la mémoire de mes grands-parents, papa MESSACK TAKEU, papa Moise WOUTOUCK, maman Simone YUEGO, Maman Rébecca TINTCHOO. Je suis le fruit de votre lignée. Merci de m’avoir transmis vos gènes de discernement et de compréhension. A la mémoire de maman Charlotte TCHOUGA, tu m’as ouvert tes bras, tu m’as donné de précieux conseils et maintenant tu n’es plus là ! Trouve par ce travail ma profonde reconnaissance. A la famille M et Mme Sadrack KOM, vous m’avez soutenue quand j’en avais le plus besoin, merci pour vos encouragements. Le seigneur vous le rendra au centuple. Aux familles Mr et Mme léopold KOUAHOU, M et Mme Armand Marcel KOIMON merci pour tous vos encouragements, votre soutien moral durant mes séjours à Marseille, merci pour votre sympathie. iv A mes belles mamans : Pauline TANDOUM, Tapita NJIEMOU et Marthe NGAMI, merci pour votre disponibilité à veiller sur les enfants pendant mon abscence et pour tous vos encouragements. Je suis vraiment très émue ! A toi Mbeuh Nhap Ngong Josten Magloire WANDJI, je te remercie pour ta grande compréhension, tes conseils pendant les moments difficiles, ton soutien moral et financier, pour tous tes sacrifices concentis pour que cette thèse se termine dans de bonnes conditions. Tu as toujours été là quand j’en avais besoin, je ne te remercierai jamais assez ! A mes tendres enfants, Jovial, Hermann et Princesse Charlotte, vous n’avez jamais cessé de m’encourager, merci infiniment pour votre bonne compréhension, vous êtes des amours ! A mes oncles et tantes, maman Justine, maman Madeleine, maman Marceline, papa Justin, vous m’avez soutenue chacun à votre manière. Sincères remerciements. A mes frères, cousins, cousines, neveux et nièces: Jeannette, Cécile, Momo, Khomh, Hoqtieh, Chouppoh, Khamtchuheng, Yuegoh, Clémentine, Gounou, Louisben, Danielle, Flore, Bibi, Tatiane, kehl, Dimitri, Mao et Emmanuel pour tous vos encouragements, votre soutien moral durant ces trois années. A toi Nicole NTCHAYA NJEVEME, je ne te remercierais jamais assez pour ta disponibilité à garder les enfants. A mes amis, pour votre gentillesse, votre amitié sincère et surtout votre fidélité : Mme Audrey KEMAJOU, Mme Liliane NGAWA, Mlle Ariane NANSENET, Mr Sinclair NJIKE, Mr Christophe JUITSA NANWOUO, Mr Edmond YIMAGOU et Mr Appolinaire NKEMKOUA. Merci pour tous vos encouragements permanents. Mes remerciements s’adressent également à : Tous les enseignants, personnels administratifs et cliniques de l’Université des Montagnes, merci pour vos encouragements. Ceux que je n’ai pas cités mais pour qui j’ai de l’affection recevez toute ma sympathie v TABLE DES MATIERES REMERCIEMENTS ...................................................................................................... ii LISTE DES TABLEAUX ........................................................................................... xiv LISTE DES FIGURES ................................................................................................ xvi LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... xx PUBLICATIONS ............................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 2 CHAPITRE I : LE CAMEROUN ................................................................................... 5 1. Généralités ................................................................................................................ 6 1.1. Situation géographique .....................................................................................
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