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De Økonomiske Forhold I De Grønlandske Kommuner

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De Økonomiske Forhold I De Grønlandske Kommuner ARBEJDSNOTAT NR. 16 DE OKONOMISKE FORHOLD I DE GRONLANDSKE KOM- MUNER VED HJEMMESTYRETS INDFORELSE D:!, DANMARKS STATISTIK . Kobenhavn 1985 7 JUNI 1985 DAN' 'TATISTIK buv ¡ KET F O R O R D Publikationen beskriver ferst forholdene i de gran- landske kommuner generelt pá baggrund af en rmkke vigtige indikatorer for den befolkningsmmssige og okonomiske ud- vikling, og derefter folger en beskrivelse af forholdene i de enkelte kommuner. Publikationen supplerer Statistiske Undersogelser nr. 40 1984 "Indkomst- og erhvervsforholdene i Granland ved Hjemmestyrets indforelse" med regionale oplysninger. Publikationen er udarbejdet af fuldmmgtig, cand. polit. Lise Lyck. Danmarks Statistik, januar 1985 5 I N D H O L D Side KAPITEL I KOMMUNEINDDELINGEN 7 KAPITEL II FORHOLDENE I DE GRONLANDSKE KOMMUNER BELYST UD FRA FORSKELLIGE BEFOLKNINGS- MÆSSIGE OG OKONOMISKE INDIKATORER .... 11 KAPITEL III TABELMATERIALE TIL BELYSNING AF DE BE- FOLKNINGSMÆSSIGE OG OKONOMISKE FORHOLD I DE ENKELTE KOMMUNER 19 KAPITEL IV DE BEFOLKNINGSMÆSSIGE OG OKONOMISKE FORHOLD I DE ENKELTE KOMMUNER 25 IV.01 Nanortalik/Nanortalik 25 IV.02 Julianeháb/Qagortoq 30 IV.03 Narssaq/Narsaq 34 IV.04 Ivigtut/Ivittuut 38 IV.05 Frederiksháb/Paamiut 42 IV.06 Godtháb/Nuuk 46 IV.07 Sukkertoppen/Maniitsoq 50 IV.08 Holsteinsborg/Sisimiut 54 IV.09 Kangatsiaq/Kangaatsiaq 58 IV.10 Egedesminde/Aasiaat 62 IV.11 Christiansháb/Qasigiannguit 66 IV.12 Jakobshavn/Ilulissat 70 IV.14 Godhavn/Qeqertarsuaq 74 IV.15 Umanak/Uummannaq 78 IV.16 Upernavik/Upernavik 82 IV.17 Thule/Qaanaaq 86 IV.18 Angmagssalik/Tasiilaq 90 IV.19 Scoresbysund/Ittoggortoormiit 94 IV.20 Hele Grenland 99 LITTERATURFORTEGNELSE 105 7 KAPITEL I KOMMUNEINDDELINGEN Grenland er opdelt i 18 kommuner samt nogle omráder uden for den kommunale inddeling, som omfatter baserne i Sdr. Stromfjord /Kangerlussuaq og i Thule /Qaannaq samt nogle vejrstationer mv. De 18 kommuner er inddelt i tre landsdele, Nordgrenland /Avanersuaq, der omfatter den lille Thule /Qaanaaq kommune, 0stgr0nland /Tunu, der omfatter kom- munerne Angmagssalik /Tasiilaq og Scoresbysund /Ittoqqorto- ormiit, samt Vestgronland /Kitaa, der omfatter de resteren- de femten kommuner. Oprindelig var der 19 kommuner, men i 1972 blev kommunen Vaigat /Qutligssat pá Disko0en nedlagt, og de ca. 800 indbyggere forflyttet til de omkringliggende kommuner. Nedlmggelsen af kommunen var en folge af, at kulbryd- ningen, der igennem en árrmkke havde vist sig urentabel for Den kongelige grenlandske Handel, blev standset. Afgrænsningen af kommunerne og landsdelene er fastlagt i bekendtgorelse nr. 462 af 24. november 1970, mndret ved bekendtgorelse nr. 80 af 15. februar 1973 og nr. 363 af 16. juli 1975. Bilag 1 viser den geografiske placering af de grenland- ske kommuner. Bilag 2 angiver de danske og grenlandske navne pá kom- muner samt deres indbyggerantal 1. januar 1980. S i l 6 a 9 l Deo 9eo9taf 5ke af de placating ßß ß° Aß .a ° o o ' : VIGTU JUlIANENA NAN ONT AUK 9 BILAG 2 De grenlandske kommuners navne pá dansk og grenlandsk samt indbyggerantal 1. januar 1980. Kom- Dansk GrOnlandsk Indbygger- mune betegnelse betegnelse antal nr. 1/1-1980 01 Nanortalik Nanortalik 2.801 02 Julianeháb Qagortog 3.056 03 Narssaq Narsaq 2.064 04 Ivigtut Ivittuut 37 05 Frederiksháb Paamiut 2.619 06 Godtháb Nuuk 9.561 07 Sukkertoppen Maniitsoq 3.926 08 Holsteinsborg Sisimiut 4.201 09 Kangatsiaq Kangaatsiaq 1.162 10 Egedesminde Aasiaat 3.495 11 Christiansháb Qasigiannguit 1.877 12 Jakobshavn Ilulissat 4.062 13 Vaigatl) Qutligssatl) 14 Godhavn Qegertarsuaq 1.012 15 Umanak Uummannaq 2.503 16 Upernavik Upernavik 2.089 17 Thule/Qanaq Qaanaaq 771 18 Angmagssalik Tasiilaq 2.618 19 Scoresbysund Ittoggortoormiit 496 I alt 48.350 Udenfor den kommunale inddeling 1.423 Den samlede befolkning i Grenland 49.773 1) Kommunen bleu nedlagt i begyndelsen af 1970'erne i for - bindelse med lukningen af kulbrydningen pá Diskooen. 11 KAPITEL II FORHOLDENE I DE GRONLANDSKE KOMMUNER BELYST UD FRA FORSKELLIGE BEFOLKNINGSMkSSIGE OG OKONOMISKE INDIKATORER I oversigt 1 ses de enkelte kommuners andele af 13 ve- sentlige faktorer, der tjener som rammeoplysninger til be- lysning af de befolkningsmassige og akonomiske forhold i Grenland i slutningen af 1970'erne. Oplysningerne i de forste 6 sajler omfatter befolk- ningsmessige forhold af betydning for de akonomiske for - hold, mens de resterende oplysninger omfatter akonomiske forhold til bl.a. belysning af indkomstdannelsen og den resulterende indkomst for personer og kommuner. Oversigten rummer hovedsagelig oplysninger for omrader/ personer, der honer under den kommunale inddeling. I sejle 1 belyses fordelingen af befolkningen pa de en- kelte kommuner 1. januar 1980. Det ses, at henimod hver femte person har bopel i Godt- hab /Nuuk. Selu om man betragter den samlede befolkningsan- del i bade den neststerste og den tredjestarste kommune (Holsteinsborg /Sisimiut og Jakobshavn /Ilulissat), ville andelen vere mindre end Godthabs /Nuuks. Godthab /Nuuk ad- skiller sig sAledes meget fra de avrige kommuner pA grund af den meget starke befolkningskoncentration i kommunen. Uden for den kommunale inddeling boede 1.423 personer, svarende til ca. 3 pct. af Gronlands samlede befolkning. Fem af Gronlands kommuner var sA sma, at de hver isar havde ferre indbyggere end antallet af indbyggere uden for den kommunale inddeling. Det drejede sig om Ivigtut /Ivit- tuut (37 personer), Scoresbysund /Ittoggortoormiit (496 personer), Thule /Qaanaaq (771 personer), Godhavn/Qegertar- suaq (1.012 personer) og Kangatsiaq /Kangaatsiaq (1.162 personer). 12 I nyere tid har folketallet hvert eneste Ar vmret sti- gende i Grenland. Dette skyldes, at antallet af levende- f0dte overstiger antallet af dede med betydeligt mere end nettoudvandringens storrelse. En undtagelse fra denne udvikling var 5ret 1977, idet folketallet faldt med 571 personer. Faldet var en felge af, at antallet af ikke -grenlændere i byerne mindskedes mmrkbart. Mellem de enkelte kommuner er befolkningsudviklingen dog meget differentieret deis pá grund af forskelle i fmd- selshyppighed, deis som felge af vandringer. Fiere kommu- ner har haft en direkte nedgang i folketallet fra 1. janu- ar 1977 til 1. januar 1980. Sajle. 2 og 3 angiver fordelingen af grenlændere og ik- ke- grenlændere i de enkelte kommuner. 85 pct. af befolkningen i kommunerne d. 1. januar 1980 var grenlmndere og de resterende 15 pct. ikke -grenlændere, nest danskere. Godtháb /Nuuk og den lille Ivigtut /Ivittuut kommune af- viger dog meget fra de 0vrige gronlandske kommuner som felge af deres meget store befolkningsmæssige andel af ik- ke- grenlændere. I kommunerne Julianeháb /Qagortoq, Narssaq/ Narsaq, Sukkertoppen /Maniitsoq, Holstèinsborg /Sisimiut og Scoresbysund /Ittoqqortoormiit er den befolkningsmæssige andel af grenlændere og ikke -grenlændere nogenlunde sva- rende til gennemsnittet for Gronland, mens de 0vrige kom- muner er kendetegnet ved at voere beboet af en relativt starre andel af grenlændere end af ikke- grenlmndere. Antallet af grenlændere og af ikke -grenlændere i kommu- nerne var 1. januar 1977 henholdsvis 40.551 og 7.669 og 1. januar 1980 40.893 og 7.457. Sajle 4 viser fordelingen af bygdebefolkningen i de en- kelte kommuner. Den samlede bygdebefolkning var 1. januar 1977 10.401 personer mod 9.965 personer 1. januar 1980, sA sels om den samlede befolkning i Grenland er vokset, er bygdebefolkningen generelt blevet mindre og bykoncentra- tionen dermed starre. 13 1. januar 1980 boede 21 pct. af kommunernes befolkning i Gronlands 99 bygder. Antallet og storrelsen af bygderne er imidlertid meget forskellig i de enkelte kommuner. Mere end halvdelen af bygdebefolkningen bor i kommunerne Angmagssalik /Tasiilaq, Nanortalik, Upernavik og Umanak /Uummannaq. I de fleste bygder er pengeokonomien af mindre omfang, mens naturalieindkomsten, især knyttet til fangsten, har afgorende betydning. Dette gelder dog ikke udpræget i Na- nortalik kommune, hvor okonomien i bygderne i hoj grad er baseret pá fáreavl og fiskeri. Bestræbelserne i de senere ár pá at hojne servicenivea- uet i bygderne, sammen med naturalieindkomstens betydning disse steder, kan skabe okonomiske problemer for kommuner med mange og starre bygder. Sojle 5 viser de kommunale andele af antallet af skole- elever i skoleáret 1978/79. Andelene er anfort deis for at muliggore et skein over tilgangen til de erhvervsaktive aldre de kommende ár, deis til belysning af udviklingen i de kommunale udgifter de kommende ár. Skoleadministrationen overfortes til kommu- nerne som et af de forste hjemmestyreomráder 1. januar 1980. Sammenholdes andelene med andelene i sojle 1, ses især Egedesminde /Aasiaat, men ogsá Sukkertoppen /Maniitsoq, Hol - steinsborg /Sisimiut og Angmagssalik /Tasiilaq at have en starre andel af skoleelever end af den samlede befolkning. Her spiller bl.a. Egedesmindes /Aasiaats rolle som skoleby ind. Det bemmrkes, at i Godtháb /Nuuk er andelen af skoleele- ver betydeligt mindre end befolkningsandelen, hvilket er en folge af byens store andel af udsendt personale. Befolkningen i Gronland er ud fra sin aldersmæssige fordeling meget ung. Den 1. januar 1980 var 31 pct. af be- folkningen under 15 Ar, og 26 pct. af befolkningen var skoleelever. 14 Sejle 6 viser kommunernes andele af befolkningen i de erhvervsaktive aldre fra 15 til 64 ár. 66 pct. af kommu- ' nerves indbyggere befandt sig i disse aldre. I Godtháb /Nuuk kommune er den erhvervsaktive andel af befolkningen betydelig starre end kommunens befolknings- mmssige andel. Noget tilsvarende, men i mindre málestok, gor sig gmldende for kommunerne Julianeháb /Qaqortoq, Nars-
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