Grillparzer, the Enlightener: Displaced Paternity In

GRILLPARZER, THE ENLIGHTENER: DISPLACED PATERNITY IN GRILLPARZER’S WORKS by STEPHANIE FRITSCH CHAPMAN A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of German and Scandinavian and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2017 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Stephanie Fritsch Chapman Title: Grillparzer, the Enlightener: Displaced Paternity in Grillparzer’s Works This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of German and Scandinavian by: Jeffrey Librett Chairperson Sonja Boos Core Member Kenneth Calhoon Core Member John McCole Institutional Representative and Scott L. Pratt Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2017 ii © 2017 Stephanie Fritsch Chapman This work is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-NC-ND License iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Stephanie Fritsch Chapman Doctor of Philosophy German and Scandinavian June 2017 Title: Grillparzer, the Enlightener: Displaced Paternity in Grillparzer’s Works It is my intention to bring to light nuances of Grillparzer’s work that reflect the ambivalent conflation of formal and stylistic elements of the Enlightenment and the Baroque, which, in turn, foreshadow the continual displacement of both paternity and the patriarchy in the decades following the French Revolution. I define “ambivalent conflation” as follows: a fluctuating, sometimes contradictory approach toward a set of concepts that are brought, simultaneously, into unity and opposition with one another. This is symptomatic—at least in part—of Grillparzer's attempts to reconcile elements of the Baroque dramas after which he fashioned much of his work with his own idealism of Enlightenment ideologies, and, particularly, with Lessing's humanism and his position regarding religious tolerance. The subtle variations on the theme of paternal displacement manifest themselves in the following ways: 1) fathers who serve as such either through namesake, mentorship, or ideological and intellectual inspiration; 2) father figures who exist as such through extended family relationships, such as the figure of the father-in-law; and 3) father figure representations that exist in dream symbolism. In many of Grillparzer’s lyrical works as well as in his novella, Der arme Spielmann, and in his dramas, Die Jüdin von Toledo and Der Traum ein Leben, these forms of paternal displacement mirror conflicts and issues in Grillparzer’s own life, including his iv emotionally symbiotic relationship with his mother, his obsessional personality traits, and his prescient reflections on topics that would become central to modern psychoanalysis. v CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF AUTHOR: Stephanie Fritsch Chapman GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University of Oregon, Eugene Purdue University, West Lafayette University of Alberta, Edmonton University of Colorado, Boulder DEGREES AWARDED: Doctor of Philosophy, 2017, University of Oregon Master of Arts, 2012, Purdue University Bachelor of Arts, 2010, University of Colorado at Boulder AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Musical Aesthetics Poetics European Enlightenment Psychoanalytic Theory PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Graduate Employee, University of Oregon, 2013-2017 Teaching Assistant, Purdue University, 2011-2012 Teaching Apprentice, University of Alberta, 2010 GRANTS, AWARDS, AND HONORS: Philip Hansen Graduate Award, Department of German and Scandinavian, University of Oregon, 2016 Roger Nicholls Emeritus Professor Award, Department of German and Scandinavian, University of Oregon, 2014 vi PUBLICATIONS: Chapman, Stephanie F. “Herder’s Kalligone and Beyond: Sound, Silence, Cognition, and the Meaningful Ephemeral.” J.G. Herder: From Cognition to Cultural Science/Von der Erkenntnis zur Kulturwissenschaft. Edited by Beate Allert, Synchron, 2016. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my dissertation committee members: Dr. Jeffrey S. Librett, Dr. Sonja Boos, Dr. Kenneth S. Calhoon, and Dr. John J. McCole. Without their support of this endeavor, this work would not have been possible. Furthermore, I’d like to thank Dr. Michael J. Stern, whose positive attitude, encouragement, and forthrightness contributed immensely to my intellectual and professional development. My heartfelt thanks go to Dr. Dorothee Ostmeier, whose kindness, compassion, and helpfulness must not go unrecognized. I’d also like to express my appreciation to other members—both past and present—of: the Departments of German and Scandinavian and Romance Languages at the University of Oregon, MLCS at Alberta, GSLL at Colorado, and SLC at Purdue University in Indiana. This includes the many faculty members, lecturers, instructors, staff, students, and fellow graduate students who helped shape the direction of my research, and who, furthermore, influenced the course of my academic trajectory over the years, always inspiring me to reach higher and rise to the occasion, regardless of the circumstance. Finally, I’d like to acknowledge the community members who have contributed time, energy, and resources to our Department’s graduate program at the University of Oregon. Their generosity has been invaluable in seeing this project through to its completion, and, for that, I extend my sincerest thanks. viii This work is dedicated to: the gentle hearts, the peaceful spirits, the thoughtful minds, and all of those who will “fly” with me. You will always be, whether here or there. “He moved on from Anatole France to the eighteenth-century philosophers, though not to Rousseau. Perhaps this was because one side of him - the side easily moved by passion - was too close to Rousseau. Instead, he approached the author of 'Candide', who was closer to another side of him - the cool and richly intellectual side. At twenty-nine, life no longer held any brightness for him, but Voltaire supplied him with man-made wings. Spreading these man-made wings, he soared with ease into the sky. The higher he flew, the farther below him sank the joys and sorrows of a life bathed in the light of intellect. Dropping ironies and smiles upon the shabby towns below, he climbed through the open sky, straight for the sun - as if he had forgotten about that ancient Greek who plunged to his death in the ocean when his man-made wings were singed by the sun.” ― Ryunosuke Akutagawa “Mit den Flügeln der Zeit fliegt die Traurigkeit davon.” —Jean de La Fontaine ix TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1 Grillparzer’s Autobiographical Poetry: Paternal Sovereignty Questioned, but not Usurped ...............................................5 Beyond a Shadow of a Doubt: From Grillparzer and Fröhlich to Barbara and Jakob ............................................6 The Role of the Narrator and Innocent Loss of Life in Der arme Spielmann .......................................................12 The Role of the Obsessional Woman in the Framework of the Jewish Question…………………………………………………………...19 A Tale of Wish Fulfillment: Procrastination and Denial in Grillparzer’s Der Traum ein Leben ........................22 II. THE ROOTS OF PATERNAL DISPLACEMENT: THE TEMPORAL, THE IMMANENT, AND THE DIVINE IN GRILLPARZER’S LYRICAL WORKS ................................................................................................25 Introduction ............................................................................................................25 “Am Grabe Mozart des Sohnes” and “Der Selbstmörder” ....................................26 “Als mein Schreibpult Zersprang,” “Napoleon,” and “Vater Unser” ..................................................................................................49 Conclusion .............................................................................................................78 III. THROUGH THE LENS OF NACHTRÄGLICHKEIT: PAPAL ALLEGORY AND PATERNAL DISPLACEMENT IN DER ARME SPIELMANN .................79 Introduction………………………………………………………………………79 The Narrator as Papal Allegory .............................................................................80 An Unusual Encounter: x Chapter Page The Interaction Between the Frame Narrator and Jakob .......................................92 Jakob’s Nachträglichkeit ........................................................................................99 Jakob: Displacement, Sublimation, and Enlightenment ........................................102 Conclusion .............................................................................................................109 IV. OBSESSIONAL TENDENCIES: SEEKING THE NEW FRATERNAL ORDER IN GRILLPARZER’S DIE JÜDIN VON TOLEDO……………………………..111 Introduction ............................................................................................................111 Historical Underpinnings of Die Jüdin von Toledo ...............................................117 The Psychoanalytic Dimension: Paternal Displacement and Obsessionality ........124 Isaak and His Daughters ........................................................................................125 König Alfonso: the Male Obsessional ...................................................................137 Rahel’s Contribution to the Drama: Devil’s Advocate or Social Reformer With a Death Wish? ..................................139

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