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Solar Bones by Mike Mccormack Marie Mianowski Études de stylistique anglaise 14 | 2019 (Des)Équilibre(s) à l’irlandaise&nbsp: représentations de l’équilibre, équilibre des représentations Vanina Jobert-Martini et Claire Majola-Leblond (dir.) Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/esa/3493 DOI : 10.4000/esa.3493 ISSN : 2650-2623 Éditeur Société de stylistique anglaise Référence électronique Vanina Jobert-Martini et Claire Majola-Leblond (dir.), Études de stylistique anglaise, 14 | 2019, « (Des)Équilibre(s) à l’irlandaise&nbsp: représentations de l’équilibre, équilibre des représentations » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 10 septembre 2019, consulté le 11 mars 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/esa/3493 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/esa.3493 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 11 mars 2020. Études de Stylistique Anglaise 1 NOTE DE LA RÉDACTION Remerciements Merci à Sandrine Sorlin de sa confiance, Merci à Yves Durif-Varambon pour l’illustration de couverture. Études de stylistique anglaise, 14 | 2019 2 SOMMAIRE Préambule (Des)Équilibre(s) à l’irlandaise : représentations de l’équilibre, équilibre des représentations Claire Majola-Leblond et Vanina Jobert-Martini Perpetuum mobile Ciaran Carson and the Equilibrium of Language(s) Clíona Ní Ríordáin Immaterial matters in Solar Bones by Mike McCormack Marie Mianowski Entre Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha (1993) et Smile (2017), la recherche de l’équilibre stylistique chez Roddy Doyle Léa Boichard Entre voix et regards, histoires de DES(équ)I(lib)R(es) dans The Well of the Saints de John Millington Synge Claire Majola-Leblond Les mots sur le fil Equilibre et déséquilibre des formes de la parole rapportée dans « The Mourning » et « Sitting with the Dead » de William Trevor Michel Brunet “There is always room for at least two truths” : Entre dualité et art du compromis, à la recherche d’un espace de l’équilibre dans TransAtlantic de Colum McCann (section “1998 – para bellum”) Marion Bourdeau La recherche d’équilibre dans l’enquête Saville sur Bloody Sunday (1998-2010) Charlotte Barcat Études de stylistique anglaise, 14 | 2019 3 Préambule (Des)Équilibre(s) à l’irlandaise : représentations de l’équilibre, équilibre des représentations Claire Majola-Leblond et Vanina Jobert-Martini Dans un contexte de ruptures multiples et de conflits majeurs, de construction de murs et de repli des frontières, la détermination d’hommes, de femmes et d’enfants à traverser les mondes déséquilibre impérieusement nos certitudes. L’Irlande, hier comme aujourd’hui terre de migrations, d’invasions et de libérations, voit, au cœur des interrogations du Brexit, les démons d’un passé toujours présent révéler les fragilités et les dissonances des accords. Le désir d’équilibre apparaît comme irrépressible et sa quête souhaitable. C’est la loi de l’homéostasie qui règle le vivant et l’étymologie d’équilibre, (equi-libra ) évoque Thémis, figure de la justice, tenant d’une main la balance et de l’autre le glaive. Alors parfois, loin du consensus, l’équilibre tranche, au risque du déséquilibre. De quelles stratégies narratives, de quels procédés rhétoriques les poètes, nouvellistes, romanciers, dramaturges ou politiques usent-ils pour entraîner leurs interlocuteurs dans cette quête dont l’objet, désirable, est par nature fragile, éphémère, voire illusoire ? Si certains discours visent à promouvoir un équilibre, d’autres prônent la rupture, dénonçant des équilibres factices. L’ambition de ce volume est de faire entrer en résonance perspectives stylistiques et études irlandaises afin d’interroger les stratégies du déséquilibre en jeu dans la (re)définition des modes de l’équilibre et dessiner ainsi les contours d’un funambulisme à l’irlandaise, perpetuum mobile en quête de mots pour se dire. La première phase de cette réflexion, perpetuum mobile , nous place au cœur d’une oscillation emblématique de l’irlandité, le multiculturalisme. Clíona Ní Ríordáin nous présente un écrivain aux multiples plumes et aux multiples langues, poète, romancier et traducteur, Ciaran Carson. Inlassable quête d’altérité, son œuvre se déroule vers un équilibre toujours réinventé entre langues et intertextes ; la traduction, entre irlandais, anglais et français s’y révèle trans-création, invention d’une parole libre et singulière, toute entière tendue vers la rencontre, métamorphosant le lecteur en co-créateur. Études de stylistique anglaise, 14 | 2019 4 A l’inverse, c’est à un travail sur les forces du déséquilibre que nous invite Marie Mianowski dans son étude de Solar Bones. Le troisième roman de Mike McCormack est une longue portion de phrase de plus de 200 pages, portée par un narrateur revenu du pays des morts, le 2 novembre 2008, entraînant le lecteur au fil de ses questionnements entre ici et au-delà, imaginaire et réalité, physique et métaphysique. Les modes traditionnels de représentation volent en éclats sur la page alors que se réaffirment la matérialité du mot et l’exigence de responsabilité dans cette Irlande de l’après Tigre Celtique. Léa Boichard poursuit l’interrogation sur les modes de la représentation dans l’œuvre d’un autre romancier contemporain à la signature stylistique singulière, Roddy Doyle. Smile, publié en 2017 quelque 20 ans après Paddy Clarke Ha Ha avec lequel il entre en résonance tout en s’offrant en contraste, pose la question d’un point d’équilibre complexe entre oralité et littérarité face aux fantômes du passé. La singularité de Smile se révèle « trait d’union de l’œuvre fictionnelle de Doyle puisqu’il relie l’œuvre de Barrytown à la trilogie The Last Roundup […] géographiquement, temporellement, thématiquement et stylistiquement très différente. » De différences en similitudes, un salto arrière sur le fil du temps nous ramène à l’exubérance verbale d’autres personnages, ceux de J.M. Synge. Claire Majola-Leblond invite à quelques petits jeux anagrammatiques autour des lettres du mot déséquilibre dans The Well of the Saints afin d’y écouter le désir se dire parfois jusqu’au délire dans cette Irlande en quête d’indépendance et d’identité du début du XXème siècle. Au terme d’infinis détours, entre tragique et comique, empathie et cruauté, le choix final de la cécité physique se révèle funambulesque manifeste de discernement et de liberté, flamboyant pied de nez à une communauté mortifère. En réponse à ce perpetuum mobile de mises en question et d’incertaines certitudes, c’est au difficile (des)équilibre entre stratégies de contournements et de révélations que nous invite la seconde phase de cette étude, les mots sur le fil. Michel Brunet s’intéresse à l’art de la conversation dans deux nouvelles de William Trevor, « The Mourning » et « Sitting With The Dead », traçant minutieusement les subtils entrelacs entre modes de représentation de la parole et perspectives narratives, fragmentations et cohérences jusqu’à ces points d’équilibre fragile entre dire et silence, empathie et distance, résultant d’élaborations intuitives conjointes entre lecteur et écrivain. Marion Bourdeau, quant à elle, nous emmène entre Amérique et Irlande dans la section « 1998 – Para Bellum » du roman de Colum McCann, TransAtlantic, durant les dernières semaines des négociations des accords de paix du Vendredi Saint, en compagnie du Sénateur Mitchell. Elle explore un paradoxe majeur, le choix du déséquilibre comme mode de construction d’un équilibre dynamique et inclusif, permettant de conclure, au-delà des oppositions binaires : « There is always room for at least two truths ». C’est enfin à un retour au réel, en quête de cette vérité complexe même, que nous invite Charlotte Barcat, offrant une véritable coda à cette étude. Elle poursuit une investigation méticuleuse de la manière dont l’enquête Saville (mise en place en 1998 et dont le rapport sera publié 12 ans plus tard, en 2010) se donne pour mission incontournable une présentation impartiale des événements du dimanche 30 janvier 1972, « Bloody Sunday ». Dans le contexte plus large du processus de paix, la perspective, jugée scandaleusement biaisée, du rapport de l’enquête Widgery, rebaptisé Études de stylistique anglaise, 14 | 2019 5 « Widgery Whitewash » (et publié seulement 3 mois après les événements), rendait le rééquilibrage indispensable. C’est ainsi que, derrière chaque terme choisi, chaque geste et chaque perspective présentés, se trouvent révélées la force politique de toute parole ainsi que la complexité de l’impartialité et de l’équité dans la quête de ce que Ricœur nomme « politique de la juste mémoire ». Et puisque c’est en compagnie d’un poète que s’est ouverte cette réflexion sur les formes de l’équilibre, confions à un autre, Seamus Heaney, le soin de la clore sur l’envoi de ce joyeux bricoleur farceur, invitation à la quête impossible d’un insaisissable équilibre : On you go now! run, son, like the devil And tell your mother to try To find me a bubble for the spirit level And a new knot for this tie1. NOTES 1. Petit poème intitulé “The Errand” publié en 1996 dans le recueil de HEANEY, The Spirit Level Études de stylistique anglaise, 14 | 2019 6 Perpetuum mobile Études de stylistique anglaise, 14 | 2019 7 Ciaran Carson and the Equilibrium of Language(s) Clíona Ní Ríordáin Introduction Do m’athair Liam Mac Carráin To my father William Carson Belfast Confetti, Gallery 1989 1 Ciaran Carson expresses his bilingual identity via the dedication he addresses to his father in the collection entitled Belfast Confetti (1989). The apparent equilibrium achieved between the Irish and English lines reflects Carson’s preoccupation with language. The text can be viewed as the physical representation of an attempted balance between Irish and English. Irish, as Carson’s mother tongue comes first; the English language translation figures underneath. Yet, as Carson himself would be the first to admit, an equilibrium between the two languages is impossible, not just for reasons of world language vs minority language, but because the effect produced by each language is completely different. In an interview Carson gave the Guardian he expressed his relationship with language, and his own bilingualism, as follows: “I think as a result of that [his upbringing in Irish] I was always aware of language, how it operates.
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