DOCSLIB.ORG

Impact of Climate Variability and Change on the Kupa River

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impact of Climate Variability and Change on the Kupa River Impact of Climate Variability and Change on the Kupa River Dušan Trninić, Tomislava Bošnjak Meteorological and Hydrological Service Zagreb, CROATIA Abstract The latest studies on climate variability and changes in South and East Europe, including Croatia, the continued air temperature increase trend is expected to be accompanied by further decrease in precipitation and, consequently, number of days with snow and snow cover, decrease in runoff, land humidity and availability of water resource. The results of studies on climate variability and changes (WMO, UNEP, 2008) indicate 23-36 % decrease in annual runoff in South and East Europe for time thresholds set at 2020, 2050 and 2070. The Kupa River annual runoff analysis for the locations near Hrvatsko and Kamanje (period: 1957-2008) shows a decreasing trend. An outcome of such, less than optimistic, forecast is a need for demanding water resources management. The observations and forecasts of climate variability and changes should be continued, focusing in particular on the near future. Also, it is necessary to continue with observation of meteorological and hydrological values for the region and take into consideration the anthropological impact on climate variability and changes. Keyword: climate variability and changes, runoff, Kupa River Introduction Significant meteorological, hydrological, morphological, sediment and other changes have recently been observed in the Kupa River catchment area. Some results of the annual precipitation amount and annual runoff analyses are presented in this paper. The increasing presence of scientifically verified climate variability and changes should be highlighted as well as intensified anthropological impact on hydrological regime. The increasing climate variability and changes, and presence of anthropological impacts, complicate the water-related problems at the entire Croatian territory, including the Kupa River catchment area. These issues have been frequently addressed by the Croatian Hydrometeorological Service (2009), The Sava River Directorate (1975), WMO, and UNEP (2008). The background documents used in preparation of this paper were reports (1996, 2009) and books by Srebrenović (1986), Šiklomanov (1979) and Žugaj (2000). Annual precipitation amount Annual precipitation amount analysis results are an important input in analysis of the Kupa annual runoff. Fig. 1. shows defined linear trends of annual precipitation amounts recorded at the weather stations in: Parg (1951-2009), Rijeka (1961-2009), Ogulin (1949-2008) and Karlovac (1949-2009). These results indicate that the calculations carried out using data from the Parg Weather Station show decrease in annual precipitation of 1.75 mm/year, those from Rijeka of 1.82 mm/year, Ogulin only 0.69 mm/year and Karlovac 1.06 mm/year. Hydrological characteristics of the Kupa River The Kupa River catchment area is 10,236 km2, of which 8,412 km2 is on the Croatian and the rest on the Slovenian territory. The Kupa River is 294 km long, and the border course reach is 100 km long. The Kupa River springs from a turquoise karst lake the Risnjak National Park, Gorski Kotar region. Its major tributaries are: Čabranka, Kupica, Utinja, Kupčina, Trepča, Glina and Odra. BALWOIS 2010 – Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia – 25, 29 May 2010 1 Figure 1. Annual precipitation amount trends for Parg (1951-2009), Rijeka (1961-2009), Ogulin (1949- 2008) and Karlovac (1949-2009) Detailed information on basic and hydrogeological characteristics of two water gauging stations in the upper course of the Kupa River is shown in Table 1. which presents the basic characteristics of the gauging stations: catchment area F (km2), distance from the river mouth L (km), and elevation ˝0˝ (m a.s.l.), and characteristic flows (m3 s-1): Qmin, Qmin mean, Qmean, Qmax mean, Qmax at the Hrvatsko and Kamanje gauging stations in the upper reach of the Kupa catchment. Table 1. Basic characteristics of gauging stations and characteristic Kupa flows at Hrvatsko and Kamanje CHARACTERISTIC FLOWS '' 0 '' F L STREAM STATION 2 (m Q Q (km ) (km) Q min Q max Q a.s.l.) min mean max (m3s-1) mean (m3s-1) mean (m3s-1) (m3s-1) (m3s-1) HRVATSKO 370 286.75 285.212 0.659 1.99 20.2 260 419 KUPA KAMANJE 2047 171.15 123.827 4.070 8.90 72.6 806 1145 Changes in annual runoff The results of annual runoff analysis for the Kupa at Hrvatsko and Kamanje show a trend of decrease in annual runoff trend, as shown in Fig 2. A negligible decrease trends of 0.0027 109 m3 (0.55% of annual mean) and 0.0125 109 m3 (0.42% of annual mean) was recorded at the Hrvatsko gauging station. BALWOIS 2010 – Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia – 25, 29 May 2010 2 Figure 2. Annual runoff trend V (109 m3) for the Kupa at Hrvatsko and Kamanje (1957-2008) Contemporary hydrological studies point to unacceptable orientation encountered in water management and hydrological calculations towards using steady mean annual runoff. V.G. Andrijanov was the first author to stress that such calculations should focus more on specific transfer of previous hydrological data to the future ones, and he introduced a concept of ˝expected mean annual runoff˝. The concept was defined as follows: ˝The expected mean annual runoff is its average multiannual characteristic, expected for a period of operation of an engineered water structure or any phase in its operation, defined by an average quantity for a previous period with a share of adequate climate and anthropological factors˝. An analytical form of the expected mean annual runoff is: EX= QCLIM QANT (1) EX – expected mean annual runoff - mean annual runoff determined for a previous multiannual period QCLIM, QANT – expected change rates for mean annual runoff affected by climate and anthropologic factors Design engineering of numerous capital water structures is based on previously recorded climate and hydrological data for structures that will last for 50 to 100 years. In case of climate changes, these data cannot be used as realistic input for the future states. Thus, in planning and design, it is necessary to account for anthropological factors and potential future climate variability and changes. Climate variability and changes Based on the results of studies of changes in climate variability and changes by WMO, UNEP (2008), the decrease in annual runoff at the south (south-east) of Europe for individual time thresholds is given in Table 2. BALWOIS 2010 – Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia – 25, 29 May 2010 3 Table 2. Decrease in annual runoff Year Decrease Region Remark Decrease in summer 2020 up to 23 % South Europe flows 2050 up to 20-30 % South-east Europe - Decrease in summer 2070 up to 36 % South Europe low waters to 80 % The Hydrometeorological Service works intensively on the downscaling method which is used to adapt the global climate model outputs to a smaller area using a regional climate model. Therefore, the climate variability and change results are adjusted from a comparatively low resolution (e.g. 200-300 km) to a fine spatial resolution (20-50 km). Downscaling enables better presentation of spatial variations in climate parameters on smaller scales, particularly extreme events whose intensity is usually reduced in global models because the smallest spatial distribution of several hundred kilometres could encompass the entire region analyzed. Quality of downscaling results depends both on quality of the regional model used for downscaling and on quality of the global model. Annual precipitation amount trend (Hydrometeorological Service, 2009) shows its decrease at the entire Croatian territory during the 20th century, which means that it has joined the drought trend at the Mediterranean. The trend is more pronounced at the Adriatic than in inland areas. According to the data series prolonged until 2008, the decade trends of annual and seasonal precipitation amounts have not changed significantly. Decrease in annual precipitation amounts is contributed by changes in low-intensity rain days frequency and considerable increase in dry days (Rd < 1.0 mm) in entire Croatia. Anthropological factors impact on runoff Man-caused impact on the water regime changes in its character and intensity depending on the degree of economic, technical and climate variability and changes. It is sometimes very difficult to assess such an impact since a catchment might be exposed to different impacts at the same time, and some impacts might compensate for others. The most important anthropological factors affecting runoff will be given below, as an information and without numerical quantification. They include: river training and erosion control structures, irrigation, hydraulic engineering works, water supply, transfer of water in time and space, etc. The Srednje Posavlje flood control system includes the Kupa-Kupa canal, Brodarci dam, Šišljević and Kupčina dams at the Kupa-Kupa canal and Kupčina retention basin, the structures of major importance in defence of the City of Karlovac against high and flood waters. The Brodarci dam distributes the Kupa water mass by directing it into the Kupa-Kupa canal while respecting the basic criterion that the discharge through the City of Karlovac does not exceed 600-700 m3s-1 (depending on the Korana River backwater effect) and that maximum water level in Karlovac is maintained at el. 110.75 m a.s.l. Fig. 3. shows a detail of the Kupa channel near Hrvatsko. Conclusions and recommendations Analysis of annual runoff shows a decreasing trend. According to the results of studies into global climate variability and changes, decrease in annual runoff at the south (south-east) of Europe, they should be expected to be 23 to 36 % lower for particular time thresholds. Such, less than optimistic predictions for the Kupa catchment indicates that water resources management is very demanding. The trend analysis results have shown that annual precipitation amounts at the analyzed weather stations has a slight decreasing trend. Also, it is recommended to continue with monitoring and forecasts of the state development in the near future in relation to the processes of climate variability and changes in the region.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FEEFHS Journal Volume VII No. 1-2 1999
    FEEFHS Quarterly A Journal of Central & Bast European Genealogical Studies FEEFHS Quarterly Volume 7, nos. 1-2 FEEFHS Quarterly Who, What and Why is FEEFHS? Tue Federation of East European Family History Societies Editor: Thomas K. Ecllund. [email protected] (FEEFHS) was founded in June 1992 by a small dedicated group Managing Editor: Joseph B. Everett. [email protected] of American and Canadian genealogists with diverse ethnic, reli- Contributing Editors: Shon Edwards gious, and national backgrounds. By the end of that year, eleven Daniel Schlyter societies bad accepted its concept as founding members. Each year Emily Schulz since then FEEFHS has doubled in size. FEEFHS nows represents nearly two hundred organizations as members from twenty-four FEEFHS Executive Council: states, five Canadian provinces, and fourteen countries. lt contin- 1998-1999 FEEFHS officers: ues to grow. President: John D. Movius, c/o FEEFHS (address listed below). About half of these are genealogy societies, others are multi-pur- [email protected] pose societies, surname associations, book or periodical publish- 1st Vice-president: Duncan Gardiner, C.G., 12961 Lake Ave., ers, archives, libraries, family history centers, on-line services, in- Lakewood, OH 44107-1533. [email protected] stitutions, e-mail genealogy list-servers, heraldry societies, and 2nd Vice-president: Laura Hanowski, c/o Saskatchewan Genealogi- other ethnic, religious, and national groups. FEEFHS includes or- cal Society, P.0. Box 1894, Regina, SK, Canada S4P 3EI ganizations representing all East or Central European groups that [email protected] have existing genealogy societies in North America and a growing 3rd Vice-president: Blanche Krbechek, 2041 Orkla Drive, group of worldwide organizations and individual members, from Minneapolis, MN 55427-3429.
    [Show full text]
  • ACTIVE FLOOD DEFENCE in CROATIA: Regulatory Framework, Roles & Responsibilities
    Workshop on Flood Risk Management measures & links to EU WFD November 11-12, 2015, Zagreb, Croatia ACTIVE FLOOD DEFENCE IN CROATIA: regulatory framework, roles & responsibilities Zoran Đurokovi ć, M.Sc.C.E. Croatian Waters Main Flood Protection Centre Head of Main Centre ∗ Climate change has intensified in recent years worldwide, including Croatia ∗ Extremely dry and wet periods have been alternating frequently in the last approximately 15 years ∗ Damage from extreme hydrological events is increasing ∗ “Average” or “normal” years are becoming increasingly rarer ∗ The frequency of high water waves and extreme water levels including floods is increasing ∗ There are almost no longer any rules concerning the occurrence of high water waves ∗ Forecasting climate models indicate increasingly frequent extreme climate events, both globally and locally ∗ Only in the last 15 years or so, the major part of the Croatian territory has experienced frequent extreme hydrological events which caused droughts in the years 2000, 2003, 2011 and 2012, but also floods in the years 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 ∗ Heavy damage is recorded, primarily in agriculture, but settlements, infrastructure and industrial facilities are also at risk ∗ Still, unlike in many other countries, major fatalities and disastrous damage in the urban areas have been avoided in Croatia ∗ Floods are natural phenomena which cannot be completely prevented. However, flood risks can be reduced to an acceptable level through constant development of flood
    [Show full text]
  • DIKTAS Country Report
    Protection and Sustainable Use of the Dinaric Karst Transboundary Aquifer System Country Report (Regional Aspect) - Croatia http://diktas.iwlearn.org Protection and Sustainable Use of the Dinaric Karst Transboundary Aquifer System Contents HYDROGEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW 1. Introduction 1.1. Project task and role of WG1 1.2. General on karst – term, distribution. Importance 1.3. Histrical review of karst researches 2. Physiography and climate 2.1. Geographic position and boundaries 2.2. Vegetation and land cover 2.3. Rainfall regime 2.4. Air temperature 2.5. Other climate elements 3. Hydrology 3.1. Hydrographic network 3.2. Stream-flow regime 3.3. Controlling streamflow – dams and reservoirs 4. Geological pattern 4.1. Paleogeography of Dinaric region 4.2. Dinaric Carbonate Platform (External Dinarides) - litostratigraphic units 4.3. Tectonic 5. Geomorphology and karstification 5.1. Karstification process 5.2. Karstic features 5.2.1. Surface karstic features 5.2.2. Potholes and caves 6. Aquifer systems 6.1. Aquifers classification and distribution 7. Groundwater basins 7.1. Regional groundwater direction 7.2. Grounwater bodies ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC OVERVIEW 1. Administrative boundaries 2. Population and demography 3. Tourism 4. Land use 5. Sources of income 6. Agriculture 7. Roads 8. Industries 9. Mining sites 10. Solid waste disposal 11. Wastewater treatment Protection and Sustainable Use of the Dinaric Karst Transboundary Aquifer System 12. Dams and Hydropower Plants 13. Protected areas 14. Karstic caves 15. Groundwater dependent ecosystems 16. Water use 17. Surface water quality LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND POLICY 1. Introduction 2. Updated report on legal, institutional and policy framework in Croatia 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial of the Republic of Croatia
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Article in PDF Format
    Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst. 2021, 422, 13 Knowledge & © L. Raguž et al., Published by EDP Sciences 2021 Management of Aquatic https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2021011 Ecosystems Journal fully supported by Office www.kmae-journal.org français de la biodiversité RESEARCH PAPER First look into the evolutionary history, phylogeographic and population genetic structure of the Danube barbel in Croatia Lucija Raguž1,*, Ivana Buj1, Zoran Marčić1, Vatroslav Veble1, Lucija Ivić1, Davor Zanella1, Sven Horvatić1, Perica Mustafić1, Marko Ćaleta2 and Marija Sabolić3 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb 10000, Croatia 2 Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb, Savska cesta 77, Zagreb 10000, Croatia 3 Institute for Environment and Nature, Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development, Radnička cesta 80, Zagreb 10000, Croatia Received: 19 November 2020 / Accepted: 17 February 2021 Abstract – The Danube barbel, Barbus balcanicus is small rheophilic freshwater fish, belonging to the genus Barbus which includes 23 species native to Europe. In Croatian watercourses, three members of the genus Barbus are found, B. balcanicus, B. barbus and B. plebejus, each occupying a specific ecological niche. This study examined cytochrome b (cyt b), a common genetic marker used to describe the structure and origin of fish populations to perform a phylogenetic reconstruction of the Danube barbel. Two methods of phylogenetic inference were used: maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML), which yielded well supported trees of similar topology. The Median joining network (MJ) was generated and corroborated to show the divergence of three lineages of Barbus balcanicus on the Balkan Peninsula: Croatian, Serbian and Macedonian lineages that separated at the beginning of the Pleistocene.
    [Show full text]
  • Commercial Inland Fishing in Member Countries of the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC)
    Commercial inland fishing in member countries of the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC): Operational environments, property rights regimes and socio-economic indicators Country Profiles May 2010 Mitchell, M., Vanberg, J. & Sipponen, M. EIFAC Ad Hoc Working Party on Socio-Economic Aspects of Inland Fisheries The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. All rights reserved. FAO encourages the reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2012 All papers have been reproduced as submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Utvrde Na Prostoru Između Slunja I Karlovca
    Utvrde UTVRDE NA PROSTORU IZMEĐU SLUNJA I KARLOVCA Sjeverno od Slunja, na prostoru izme- FORTRESSES IN THE AREA BETWEEN SLUNJ AND KARLOVAC đu Kupe i Une, prostoru kojim prot- ječu rijeke Dobra, Korana s pritoci- Many fortresses used to stand in the area between Slunj and Karlovac, in the ma Radonjom i Mrežnicom te Glina drainage basin between the Kupa tributaries: Dobra, Mrežnica, Korana and Glina, na istoku, nalazio se veći broj utvrda, most often near river shoals. An interesting feature of these fortifications is that they međusobno povezanih u čvrsti obram- were initially old castles built by local aristocracy, but were subsequently beni niz brojnim čardacima i promat- strengthened to assist in the defense against Turk incursions. All these strongholds are today in ruins, and the exact location of some of them is presently unknown, račnicama. Većina je tih utvrda bila although old drawings confirm their existence. Some of these fortresses were smještena na uzvisinama iznad rijeka, occupied by Turks and burned down, some were abandoned by defenders, and some najčešće u blizini riječkih plićaka used to be for a long time border strongholds only to be demolished after the preko kojih su se Turci zalijetali u cessation of hostilities. Some of these strongholds survived for a longer period of zaleđe hrvatskog prostora ali i u time, but were finally devastated in the second world war. It would be highly Kranjsku. Značajka je svih tih utvr- significant to at least protect present remains of such fortresses. Current renovation da da su još u vrijeme turske opas- of Novigrad on the Dobra river is a sign that at least something will remain to bear nosti bile u vrlo lošem stanju, da su witness to tumultuous military past of this area.
    [Show full text]
  • Session 4 SRB Assessment
    Status of transboundary waters in South Eastern Europe Characterization Report on the Sava River Basin Dejan Komatina, Ph.D. Civ. Eng., Secretary, ISRBC General description of the basin • The Sava River Basin as a Danube sub-basin – Basin area: 95 720 km 2 (the second largest, after the Tisza basin) – Average flow (at the mouth): 1722 m 3/s (the largest tributary) – River length: 940 km (586 km of which were navigable before the war) Country Share of the Share of the basin (%) territory (%) Albania 0.1 0.5 Bosnia & Herzegovina 40 76 Croatia 26 45 Montenegro 7.5 52 Serbia 15.4 17 Slovenia 11 53 Int. Workshop on ITWRM in SEE, Sarajevo, 18-20 May 2009 2 Overview (location) of the SRB Int. Workshop on ITWRM in SEE, Sarajevo, 18-20 May 2009 3 Int. Workshop on ITWRM in SEE, Sarajevo, 18-20 May 2009 4 Values / uses / threats Int. Workshop on ITWRM in SEE, Sarajevo, 18-20 May 2009 5 Values / uses / threats Int. Workshop on ITWRM in SEE, Sarajevo, 18-20 May 2009 6 Values / uses / threats Int. Workshop on ITWRM in SEE, Sarajevo, 18-20 May 2009 7 Values / uses / threats Int. Workshop on ITWRM in SEE, Sarajevo, 18-20 May 2009 8 Values / uses / threats Int. Workshop on ITWRM in SEE, Sarajevo, 18-20 May 2009 9 Values / uses / threats Int. Workshop on ITWRM in SEE, Sarajevo, 18-20 May 2009 10 Land cover/land use in the SRB Land class % Artificial surfaces 2,23 Agricultural areas 42,36 Forests and semi natural areas 54,71 Wetland 0,08 Inland water 0,63 Int.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kupa River in Antiquity: a Preliminary Reconstruction of a Fluvial Landscape and Its Navigation Practices Anton Divić, Giulia Boetto, Krunoslav Zubčić
    The Kupa River in antiquity: A preliminary reconstruction of a fluvial landscape and its navigation practices Anton Divić, Giulia Boetto, Krunoslav Zubčić To cite this version: Anton Divić, Giulia Boetto, Krunoslav Zubčić. The Kupa River in antiquity: A preliminary re- construction of a fluvial landscape and its navigation practices. River valleys, river vessels, river harbours – Records from Antiquities and Medieval times, Lars Kröger, Feb 2018, Jena, Germany. halshs-01978917 HAL Id: halshs-01978917 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01978917 Submitted on 23 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Kupa River in antiquity: A preliminary reconstruction of a fluvial landscape and its navigation practices Anton Divid * Giulia Boetto ** Krunoslav Zubčid *** * PhD candidate, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CCJ, Aix-en-Provence, France; École française de Rome, Italy ** Senior researcher, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, CCJ, Aix-en-Provence, France *** Senior archaeologist-conservator, Department for Underwater Archaeology, Croatian Conseration Institute, Zagreb, Croatia 1. This communication intends to present preliminary results, as well as some future aspiration, of a project focused on the reconstruction of the fluvial and nautical landscapes of the Kupa River in Croatia during the Antiquity.
    [Show full text]
  • Rivers and River Deities in Roman Period in the Croatian Part of Pannonnia
    Ante Rendić-Miočević - Rivers and river deities in... (293-305) Histria Antiqua, 21/2012 Ante RENDIĆ-MIOČEVIĆ RIVERS AND RIVER DEITIES IN ROMAN PERIOD IN THE CROATIAN PART OF PANNONNIA UDK 903/904:656.62>:291.212>(398 Panonija)“00/02“ Ante Rendić-Miočević, prof. Original scientific paper Poljička ul. 29a Received: 3.07.2012. 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Approved: 23.08.2012. e-mail: [email protected] he purpose of this contribution is to point out several remarks on river navigation, as well as on worship of river deities, in the Croatian part of the Roman province of Pannonia. The rivers were at the Roman period the most im- Tportant were the largest European rivers, such as the Rhine and the Danube, both connecting the northern with the southern and the western with the eastern regions of the continent. Besides the Danube (Danuvius, Danubius), the border river of the Empire, the most important rivers for traffic, economy, trade, and often also for strategic and military matters of Croatian part of Pannonia were the Drava (Dravus) and the Sava (Savus), together with, due to specific circumstances, the Kupa (Colapis), as well as the Bosut (Bathinus) and some others. This is recognized in literary sources and in a vast number of archaeological finds. On their banks were built important urban centres, together with accompanying infrastructure, harbours, bridges, etc. In this context, an inscription on a brick from Siscia is suggestive, testifying the fact that there were two harbours in Siscia, on both banks of the Kupa river. The most important urban centres were the colonies of Siscia (Sisak), Mursa (Osijek) and Cibalae (Vinkovci).
    [Show full text]
  • Okoliš Detection of Coal Combustion
    DETECTION OF COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN STREAM SEDIMENTS BY CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY MEASUREMENTS S. Frančišković-Bilinski Institut “Ruđer Bošković”, Zavod za istraživanje mora i okoliša, Laboratorij za fizičku kemiju tragova OKOLIŠ 1. Introduction The aim of this preliminary study was to apply a rapid and inexpensive, low-field magnetic susceptibility method (MS) to stream sediments, as described by Scholger (1998) and Petrovsky et al. (2000), and to delineate ZAGREB polluted areas in the Kupa river basin. Geochemical characterization of the <63 μm sediment fraction has already Sava River been carried out (Frančišković-Bilinski, 2007). Increased MS was observed in: (1) The lower stretch of the Mrežnica and Korana rivers, where several elements (U, Sb, Sn, Zr, Nb, S, Na, Ni, Se, Sr, Y, Nb) showed Kupa River anomalously high concentrations. This region is located on the Dinaric carbonate platform and the anomalies are of Kupa River KARLOVAC SISAK anthropogenic origin. (2) At the middle flow of Glina River, where several other elements showed anomalously high concentrations (Fe, Sc, V, Zr, Na, Cu, Ga, Y). The anomalies in this region are of natural origin, influenced by Korana River Mrežnica River Supradinaric belt with ophiolites. The MS did not detect extreme Ba anomalies, described in the same drainage basin (Frančišković-Bilinski, 2006). In the present work we concentrated our research on the MS anomaly observed in the lower parts of the Mrežnica and Korana rivers. The study area, including 22 sampling locations, is presented in Figure 1. Sampling station details are listed in Table 1. The pollution source in the Mrežnica river was a large textile factory in Duga Resa (near Karlovac), which burned coal for ~110 y, until 1994; all coal slag and ash were deposited directly into the Mrežnica river.
    [Show full text]
  • Decision EIA Middle Sava Baisin
    REPUBLIC OF CROATIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, PHYSICAL PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION 10000 Zagreb, Ulica Republike Austrije 20 Phone: 01/ 37 82 444 Fax: 01/ 37 72 822 Class: UP/I-351-03/07-02/54 Reg. No.: 531-08-1-1-2-6-08-11 Zagreb, 20 May 2008 Pursuant to Article 30 of the Environmental Protection Act (Official Gazette 82/94, 128/99) in connection with Article 237, paragraph 1 of the Environmental Protection Act (Official Gazette 110/07), at request of the developer, company Hrvatske vode, Water Management Department for the Sava River Basin , Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Zagreb, following the completion of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedure for the construction of the Middle Sava basin flood control system , the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical Planning and Construction hereby issues the following DECISION I The planned project – construction of the Middle Sava basin flood control system, developer: Hrvatske vode, Water Management Department for the Sava River Basin, Zagreb, based on the Environmental Impact Study prepared by the company Vodoprivredno-projektni biro d.d. Zagreb in July 2007 and based on the annex(es) to this Decision – is acceptable for the environment with the implementation of the environmental protection measures and the environmental monitoring program laid down by the law and this Decision. A. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES A.1 Landscape 1.1 Plan replacement paths to access the structures in such a way to minimize intrusion into the surrounding forest and agricultural land. 1.2 Define in the Detailed Design the detailed routes of replacement paths, temporary stockpiles for construction material, and surfaces and corridors for the movement and parking of construction machinery and vehicles.
    [Show full text]