False Memories in Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory Individuals
False memories in highly superior autobiographical memory individuals Lawrence Patihisa,1, Steven J. Frendaa, Aurora K. R. LePortb,c, Nicole Petersenb,c, Rebecca M. Nicholsa, Craig E. L. Starkb,c, James L. McGaughb,c, and Elizabeth F. Loftusa aDepartment of Psychology and Social Behavior, bDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, and cCenter for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 Edited by George Sperling, University of California, Irvine, CA, and approved October 22, 2013 (received for review July 29, 2013) The recent identification of highly superior autobiographical memory and the cellist Jacqueline du Pré died that day.” HSAM indi- (HSAM) raised the possibility that there may be individuals who viduals can remember what happened on a day a decade ago are immune to memory distortions. We measured HSAM partic- better than most people can remember a day a month ago. In ipants’ and age- and sex-matched controls’ susceptibility to false some ways, these abilities seem to be at odds with what we know memories using several research paradigms. HSAM participants about the reconstructive, unreliable, and malleable processes and controls were both susceptible to false recognition of non- underlying memory in people with typical memory. presented critical lure words in an associative word-list task. In a HSAM abilities are distinct from previously described superior- misinformation task, HSAM participants showed higher overall memory individuals (22–25) who typically rely upon practiced false memory compared with that of controls for details in a pho- mnemonics to remember unusually long lists of domain-specific tographic slideshow. HSAM participants were equally as likely as data, yet remain average in their ability to retrieve autobio- controls to mistakenly report they had seen nonexistent footage graphical information.
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