Fabulae Faciles:
Hercules & JASON
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Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary
First Edition
© 2012 by Geoffrey D. Steadman revised April 2013, March 2014
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ISBN-13: 978-0-9843065-5-8 ISBN-10: 0-9843065-5-2
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How to Use this Commentary
Research shows that, as we learn how to read in a second language, a combination of reading and direct vocabulary instruction is statistically superior to reading alone. One of the purposes of this book is to encourage active acquisition of vocabulary. 1. Master the core vocabulary list as soon as possible. Develop a daily regimen for memorizing vocabulary and forms before you begin reading. Start with an intensive review of the running core list on the next page. Although a substantial number of core vocabulary words come within the first few lessons of the commentary, readers have encountered most of these words in first-year Latin and should be able to master the list quickly. Once readers have reviewed these words, I recommend that they consult and memorize slightly less frequent words in Fabulae Faciles as they encounter them.
2. Read actively. Read in Latin word order. Initially, readers have a tendency both (a) to scan through the entire Latin sentence quickly to order to attain a sense of the constructions and (b) to treat the sentence as a puzzle and jump around the passage from subject to verb to object and so on. As you acquire more vocabulary and your comfort with the Latin increases, make reading in Latin word order your primary method. It is a lot of fun and with persistence very satisfying as well.
Develop the habit of making educated guesses as you read. The purpose of the graded reader to provide you with an opportunity to encounter difficult constructions, particularly subjunctive clauses and indirect discourse, so frequently that you cannot help but to develop proficiency identifying and translating them. Make educated guests as you read. If you guess correctly, the commentary will reaffirm your knowledge of the Latin. If you answer incorrectly, you will become more aware of your weaknesses and therefore more capable of correcting them.
3. Reread a passage immediately after you have completed it. Repeated readings not only help you commit Latin to memory but also increase your ability to read the Latin as Latin. Always read the words out loud (or at least whisper them to yourself). While you may be inclined to translate the text into English as you reread, develop the habit of reading Latin as Latin.
4. Reread the most recent passage immediately before you begin a new one. This additional repetition will strengthen your ability to recognize vocabulary, forms, and syntax quickly, bolster your confidence, and most importantly provide you with much-needed context as you begin the next selection in the text. xii
Abbreviations
abs. absolute impf. imperfect pl. plural acc. accusative imper. impersonal plpf. pluperfect act. active indic. indicative pred. predicate adj. adjective i.o. indirect object prep. preposition adv. adverb ind. indirect pres. present app. appositive inf. infinitive pron. pronoun comp. comparative inter. interrogative quest. question dat. dative m. masculine reflex. reflexive dep. deponent n. neuter rel. relative d.o. direct object nom. nominative seq. sequence f. feminine obj. object sg. singular fut. future pple. participle subj. subject gen. genitive pass passive superl. superlative imp. imperative pf. perfect voc. vocative
12 Heracles
13. HERCULES AND THE SERPENTS 1 phicl s, fr ter Herculis, magn v ce excl m vit; sed Hercul s ipse, fortissimus puer, haudqu quam territus est. Parv s manibus serpent s statim prehendit, et colla e rum magn v compressit. T l mod serpent s puer interfectae sunt. Alcm na autem, 5 m ter puer rum, clam rem aud verat, et mar tum suum somn excit verat. Ille l men accendit et gladium suum rapuit; tum ad puer s proper bat, sed ubi ad locum v nit, rem m ram v dit, Hercul s enim r d bat et serpent s mortu s m nstr bat. 10 14. THE MUSIC-LESSON Hercul s puer corpus suum d ligenter exerc bat; magnam partem di in palaestr cons m bat; didicit etiam arcum intendere et t la conicere. H s exercit ti nibus v r s eius c nfirm tae sunt. In music etiam Lin centaur rudi batur (centaur autem equ 15 erant sed caput hominis hab bant); huic tamen art minus d ligenter stud bat. Hic Linus Herculem lim obiurg bat, quod n n studi sus erat; tum puer r tus citharam subit rapuit, et omnibus v ribus caput magistr nf l cis percussit. Ille ict pr str tus est, et paul post v t excessit, neque quisquam poste id officium suscipere 20 voluit.
15. HERCULES ESCAPES SACRIFICE D Hercule haec etiam inter alia n rrantur. lim dum iter facit, in f n s Aegypti rum v nit. Ibi r x qu dam, n mine B s ris, ill 25 tempore r gn bat; hic autem vir cr d lissimus homin s immol re c nsu verat. Herculem igitur corripuit et in vincula coni cit. Tum
Heracles 13 accend , -ere, -nd , -nsum: kindle, light, 2 r tus, -a, -um: angry, 5 Aegypti , - rum m.: Egyptians, 1 Linus, - m.: Linus, 2 Alcmena, -ae f.: Alcmena, 4 l men, l minis n.: light, 3 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 magister, magistr m.: teacher, 1 arcus, - s m.; bow, 4 maritus, - m.: husband, 3 ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 minus: less, 1 B s ris, -idis m.: Busiris, 1 m rus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7 centaurus, - m.: centaur, 12 monstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 3 cithara, -ae f.: cithera, lyre, 1 mortuus, -a, -um: dead, 7 cl mor, - ris m.: shout, roar, applause, 4 m sica, -ae f.: music, 1 collum, - n.; neck, 6 n rr (1): to narrate, relate, 7 comprim , -ere, -press : press together, 2 n men, n minis, n.: name, 12 confirm (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 obiurg (1): child, scold, reproach, 2 consuesc , -ere, - v , -su tum: to accustom, 3 officium, -i , n.: duty, 2 cons m , -ere, -mps , -mptum: take, spend 9 lim: once, formerly, 10 corripi , -ere, -u , -reptus: snatch (up), 6 palaestra, -ae f.: wrestling-court, 1 cr d lis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 parvus, -a, -um: small, 3 diligenter: carefully, diligently, 3 percuti , -ere, -cuss , -cussum: strike, 2 disc , -ere, didic : to learn, come to know, 1 poste : after this, afterwards, 7 equus, - m.: horse, 7 prehend , -ere, -hend , -h nsum: seize, 5 rudi , - re, - v , - tum: instruct, 1 proper (1): to hasten, 1 exc d , -ere, -cess , -cessum: go out, depart, 2 prostern , -ere, -str v , - tum: to lay out, 3 excit (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 quisquam, quidquam: anyone, anything, 4 excl m (1): cry out, 3 rapi , -ere, rapu , raptum: to seize, snatch, 5 exerce , - re, -u , -ercitum: train, exercise. 1 r gn (1): to rule, reign, 3 exercit ti , -ti nis f.: training, exercise, 1 ride , - re, r s , -r sum: to laugh, 1 f nis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 serp ns, serpentis f.: serpent, 6 fortis, -e: strong, brave, valiant, 5 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 fr ter, -tris m.: brother, 5 stude , - re, -u : be eager, be enthusiastic, 1 gladius, - m.: sword, 10 studi sus, -a, -um: eager, diligent, studious, 1 haudqu quam: not at all, in no way, 2 suscipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: undertake, 14 ictus, - s m.: strike, blow, 4 t lis, -e: such, 6 immol , - re, - v , - tum: sacrifice, 1 t lum, - n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 3 Inf l x, -f l cis: unhappy, unfortunate, 2 terre , - re, -u , territum: to terrify, scare, 5 intend , -ere, -nd , -ntum: stretch out, aim, 4 vinculum, - n.: bond, chain, 4 inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 v ta, -ae, f.: life, 9 phicl s, -is m.: Iphicles, 1 v x, v cis, f.: voice, 9
1 magn v ce: in a loud…; abl. of manner, stude , ‘be eager or enthusiastic for (dat.)’ loses prep. ‘cum’ when there is an adj. 16 minus: comp. adv. modifies d ligenter 3 magn v : with great force; abl. of manner; 18 v ribus: cf. line 14, abl. of means, note irreg. abl. sg. v s that this word is 3rd decl. while vir, vir 4 t l mod : in such a way; abl. of manner, ‘man’ is 2nd decl. abl. sg. 3rd decl. i-stem adj. t lis, -e 19 paul : (by) a little; abl. of degree of 12 puer : from boyhood difference modifies adverbial post, ‘later’ 13 di : partitive gen. sg. 5th decl. di s 20 v t excessit: euphemism for dying didicit: pf. disc id officium: this duty; demon. adj. 14 v r s: strength; fem. pl. of v s, which 24 D : about… translates as ‘force’ in the sg. haec: these (things); neuter acc. pl. eius: gen. sg., is, ea, id 25 n mine: by name; abl. of respect 16 huic…art : dat. sg. ars, artis f.; obj. of ill tempore: at…; abl. of time when 14 Heracles n nti s d m sit et diem sacrifici d xit. Mox ea di s appet bat, et 1 omnia r t par ta sunt. Man s Herculis cat n s ferre s vinctae sunt, et mola salsa in caput eius inspersa est. M s enim erat apud ant qu s salem et far capitibus victim rum imp nere. Iam victima ad ram st bat; iam sacerd s cultrum s mpserat. Subit tamen 5 Hercul s magn c n t vincula perr pit; tum ict sacerd tem pr str vit; alter r gem ipsum occ dit.
16. A CRUEL DEED Hercul s iam adul sc ns Th b s habit bat. R x Th b rum, vir 10 ign vus, Cre n appell b tur. Minyae, g ns bellic sissima, Th b n s f nitim erant. L g t autem Miny s ad Th b n s quotann s mitt bantur; h Th b s veni bant et centum bov s postul bant. Th b n enim lim Miny s super t erant; trib ta igitur r g Miny rum quotann s pend bant. At Hercul s c v s su s 15 h c stipendi l ber re c nstituit; l g t s igitur comprehendit, atque aur s e rum absc dit. L g t autem apud omn s gent s s nct habentur.
17. THE DEFEAT OF THE MINYAE 20 Erg nus, r x Miny rum, ob haec vehementer r tus statim cum omnibus c pi s in f n s Th b n rum contendit. Cre n adventum eius per explor t r s cogn vit. Ipse tamen pugn re n luit, nam magn tim re affectus erat; Th b n igitur Herculem imper torem cre v runt. Ille nunti s in omn s part s d misit, et c pi s co git; 25 tum proxim di cum magn exercit profectus est. Locum id neum d l git et aciem nstr xit. Tum Th b n superi re loc
14 Heracles Heracles 15 n nti s d m sit et diem sacrifici d xit. Mox ea di s appet bat, et 1 absc d , -ere, -c d , -c sum: cut away or off, 5 insperg , -ere, -ers , -ersum: sprinkle upon, 1 aci s, - f.: sharp edge, battle line, army, 3 instru , -ere, - x , -uctum: equip, draw up, 6 omnia r t par ta sunt. Man s Herculis cat n s ferre s vinctae sunt, adul sc ns, -entis: young (man), youth(ful), 3 r tus, -a, -um: angry, 5 adventus, - s m.: arrival, approach, 3 l g tus, - m.: ambassador, legate, 3 et mola salsa in caput eius inspersa est. M s enim erat apud affici , -ere, -f c , fectum: influence, treat, 13 l ber (1): to set free, release, 6 ant qu s salem et far capitibus victim rum imp nere. Iam victima alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 Minyae, - rum f.: Minyae, 5 ant quus, -a, -um: ancient, 3 mola, -ae f.: meal, 1 ad ram st bat; iam sacerd s cultrum s mpserat. Subit tamen 5 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 m s, m ris m.: custom, manner, law, 6 Hercul s magn c n t vincula perr pit; tum ict sacerd tem appet , -ere, - v , -pet tum: draw near, 3 nam: for, 6 apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 n l , n lle, n lu : not…wish, be unwilling 12 pr str vit; alter r gem ipsum occ dit. ra, -ae f.: altar, 2 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 auris, -is f.: ear, 1 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 bellic sus, -a, -um: warlike, 2 occid , -ere, -cid , -c sus: kill, cut down, 14 16. A CRUEL DEED cat na, -ae f.: chain, 2 lim: once, formerly, 10 centum: hundred, 3 pend , -ere, , pepend , pensum: pay, hang, 1 Hercul s iam adul sc ns Th b s habit bat. R x Th b rum, vir 10 c vis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 perrump , -ere, -r p , -ruptum: break c g , c gere, - g , - ctum: collect, compel, 5 through, 2 ign vus, Cre n appell b tur. Minyae, g ns bellic sissima, comprehend , -ere, -d , -sum: grasp, seize, 3 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 Th b n s f nitim erant. L g t autem Miny s ad Th b n s con tus, - s m.: attempt, effort, 7 prostern , -ere, -str v , - tum: to lay out, 3 contend , -ere, - , -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5 quotann s mitt bantur; h Th b s veni bant et centum bov s c pia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 pugn (1): to fight, 4 cre (1): to create, 2 quotann s: every year, yearly, 2 postul bant. Th b n enim lim Miny s super t erant; trib ta Creon, -ontis m.: Creon, 5 r t : duly, fitly, 1 igitur r g Miny rum quotann s pend bant. At Hercul s c v s su s 15 culter, cultr m.: knife, 1 sacerd s, -d tis m. f.: priest(ess), 2 d lig , -ere, -l g , -lectum: choose, select, 6 sacrificium, -i n.: sacrifice, 5 h c stipendi l ber re c nstituit; l g t s igitur comprehendit, atque d mitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: to drop, 3 s l, salis m.: salt, 1 aur s e rum absc dit. L g t autem apud omn s gent s s nct mitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: send out, 2 salsus, -a, -um: salted, salty, 1 Erg nus, - m.: Erginus, 1 sanctus, -a, -um: sacred, holy, 1 habentur. exercitus, - s m.: army, 2 st pendium, - n.: tax, tribute, 1 expl r tor, - ris m.: scout, spy, 1 st (1): to stand, 8 f r, farris n.: spelt (wheat), sacrifical meal, 1 sum , sumere, sumps , sumptum: to take, 3 17. THE DEFEAT OF THE MINYAE 20 ferreus, -a, -um: of iron, iron, 1 superior, -ius: higher, upper, 3 f nis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 super (1): to overcome, defeat, 3 Erg nus, r x Miny rum, ob haec vehementer r tus statim cum f nitimus, -a, -um: neighboring, bordering, 2 Th bae, - rum f.: Thebes, 4 g ns, gentis f.: clan, race, nation, herd, 4 Th b n , - rum m.: Theban, 7 omnibus c pi s in f n s Th b n rum contendit. Cre n adventum ictus, - s m.: strike, blow, 4 trib tum, - n.: tribute, tax, contribution, 1 eius per explor t r s cogn vit. Ipse tamen pugn re n luit, nam id neus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 ignavus, -a, -um: lazy, cowardly, 2 victima, -ae f.: victim, 2 magn tim re affectus erat; Th b n igitur Herculem imper torem imper tor, - ris m.: commander, 1 vinci , - re, v nx , v nctus: bind, tie, 4 impon , -ere, -posu , -positus: place on, 7 vinculum, - n.: bond, chain, 4 cre v runt. Ille nunti s in omn s part s d misit, et c pi s co git; 25 tum proxim di cum magn exercit profectus est. Locum 1 sacrifici : for sacrifice; dat. of purpose 12 Th b n s: to Thebans; dat. with a special id neum d l git et aciem nstr xit. Tum Th b n superi re loc d xit: appointed, proclaimed adj. f nitim ea di s: this day; a demonstrative adj. 13 h : these; i.e. the l g t , envoys 3 M s erat: it was the custom to; impersonal Th b s: to Thebes; place to which, towns 4 capitibus: on…; dat. of compound verb and cities do no require ‘ad’ magn c n t : with…; abl. of manner 15 pend bant: used to pay; iterative impf 7 alter (ict ): with another blow; abl. means 16 h c stipendi : from…; abl. separation 10 Th b s: in Thebes; locative (place where) 18 habentur: are held (to be); + nom. pred. 11 Cre n: nom. predicate 22 c pi s: troops; as often in Caesar bellic sissima: superlative adj. 26 profectus est: set out; pf. dep. proficiscor 16 Heracles
impetum in host s f c runt. Ill autem impetum sustin re n n 1 potu runt; itaque aci s hostium pulsa est atque in fugam conversa.
18. MADNESS AND MURDER Post hoc proelium Hercul s c pi s su s ad urbem red xit. Omn s 5 Th b n propter vict riam maxim gaud bant; Cre n autem magn s honoribus Herculem decor vit, atque f liam suam e in m trim nium dedit. Hercul s cum ux re su be tam v tam ag bat; sed post pauc s ann s subit in fur rem incidit, atque l ber s su s ipse su man occ dit. Post breve tempus ad s nit tem reductus est, 10 et propter hoc facinus magn dol re affectus est; mox ex urbe eff git et in silv s s rec pit. Nol bant enim c v s serm nem cum e hab re.
19. HERCULES CONSULTS THE ORACLE 15 Hercul s tantum scelus expi re magnopere cupi bat. Constituit igitur ad r culum Delphicum re; hoc enim r culum erat omnium celeberrimum. Ibi templum erat Apollinis pl rim s d n s orn tum. H c in templ sed bat f mina quaedam, n mine Pythia, et c nsilium dabat e s qu ad r culum veni bant. Haec autem f mina 20 ab ips Apolline doc b tur, et volunt tem de hominibus nunti bat. Hercul s igitur, qu Apollinem praecipu col bat, h c v nit. Tum rem t tam exposuit, neque scelus c l vit.
20. THE ORACLE'S REPLY 25 Ubi Hercules f nem f cit, Pythia pr m tac bat; tandem tamen iussit eum ad urbem T ryntha re, et Eurysthe r gis omnia imper ta facere. Hercul s ubi haec aud vit, ad urbem illam contendit, et Eurysthe r g s in servit tem tr didit. Duodecim
Heracles 17 aci s, - f.: sharp edge, battle line, army, 3 ire affici , -ere, -f c , fectum: influence, treat, 13 itaque: and so, 8 ag , agere, g , ctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 l ber , - rum m.: children, 1 Apollo, -inis m.: Apollo, 7 matrim nium, -i n.: marriage, 6 beatus, -a, -um: blessed, happy, 3 maxim : especially, very greatly, 5 celeber, -bris, -bre: frequented, celebrated, 2 n l , n lle, n lu : not…wish, be unwilling 12 c l (1): hide, conceal, 5 n men, n minis, n.: name, 12 c vis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 occid , -ere, -cid , -c sus: kill, cut down, 14 col , -ere, colu , cultum: cultivate, cherish, 3 r culum, - n.: oracle, 11 contend , -ere, - , -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 rn (1): to equip, adorn, 1 convert , -ere, - , -rsus: turn (around), 6 pl rimus, -a, -um: most, very many, 3 c pia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 praecipu ; especially, 2 Creon, -ontis m.: Creon, 5 proelium, -i n.: battle, 4 cupi , -ere, - v , - tum: desire, long for, 4 propter: on account of, because of, 6 decor (1): to adorn, distinguish, 2 pulsa Delphicus, -a, -um: Delphic, 1 P thia, -ae f.: Pythia, 4 doce , - re, -u , -ctus: teach, tell, 9 recipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: accept, take d num, - n.: gift, 6 back, 8 duodecim: twelve, 6 red c , -ere, -x , -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 effugi , -ere, -f g : flee away, escape, 1 s nit s, -t tis f.: soundness, sanity, 1 nunti (1): speak out, 1 scelus, sceleris n.: wickedness, crime, 4 expi (1): expiate, 2 sede , - re, s d , sessum: to sit, 6 exp n , -ere, -su , -situm: set out, explain 7 serm , serm nis m.: conversation, talk, 2 facinus, facinoris n.: bad deed, crime, 1 servit s, servit tis, f.: servitude, 2 f mina, -ae f.: woman, 3 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7 f nis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 sustine , - re, u , -tentum: hold up, endure, 7 fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 tace , - re, -u , -itum: be silent, 2 furor, - ris m.: rage, fury, madness, 4 templum, - n.: temple, 3 gaude , - re, g v sus sum: enjoy, rejoice, 4 Th b n , - rum m.: Theban, 7 honor, - ris m.: honor, glory; offering, 4 T ryns, Tirynthis f.: Tiryns, 1 hostis, -is m./f.: stranger, enemy, foe, 5 uxor, x ris f.: wife, spouse, 10 h c: to this place, hither, 2 vict ria, -ae f.: victory, 1 imper (1): order, command, 12 v ta, -ae, f.: life, 9 incid , -ere, -cid : fall into, fall upon, 3 volunt s, -t tis f.: will, wish, permission, 1
1 in host s: against…; as often in battle erat…orn tum: orn tum erat, plpf. pass. 2 in fugam: to flight 20 e s: dat. pl. ind. obj. with dabat 5 c pi s: troops 21 hominibus: dat. pl. ind. obj. 7 e : to him; dat. sg. ind. obj. is, ea, id 22 col bat: used to worship; iterative 8 ag bat: lived; idiom with v tam h c: to here; place to which of h c 10 ipse: he himself; supply a subject scelus: neuter acc. sg. 11 affectus est: was afflicted 26 pr m : at first; adverb 12 s rec pit: retreated; s recipiere is a re: to go; inf. e common idiom for “retreat” 27 Eurysthe r gis: gen. sg. 16 tantum scelus: neuter acc. sg. 28 imper ta: commands; ‘things having been 17 re: to go; inf. e commanded’ neuter acc. pl. PPP (pf. pass. omnium: partitive gen. with superlative pple) of imper 18 celeberrimum: predicate, superlative adj. 29 Eurysthe r g : dat. ind. obj. 18 Heracles
ann s cr d lissim Eurysthe servi bat, et duodecim l b r s, qu s 1 ille imper verat, c nf cit; h c enim n mod tantum scelus expi r potuit. D h s l b ribus pl rima po t s scr pta sunt. Multa tamen quae po tae n rrant vix cr dibilia sunt. 5 21. 1st LABOR: THE NEMEAN LION Pr mum ab Eurysthe iussus est Hercul s le nem occ dere qu ill tempore vallem Nemeaeam redd bat nfestam. In silv s igitur in quibus le habit bat statim s contulit. Mox feram v dit, et arcum, quem s cum attulerat, intendit; eius tamen pellem, quae d nsissima 10 erat, tr icere non potuit. Tum cl v magn quam semper ger bat le nem percussit, fr str tamen; neque enim h c mod eum occ dere potuit. Tum d mum collum m nstr bracchi s su s complexus est et fauc s eius omnibus v ribus compressit. H c mod le brev tempore exanim tus est; n lla enim resp rand 15 facult s e dab tur. Tum Hercul s cad ver ad oppidum in umer s rettulit; et pellem, quam d tr xerat, poste pr veste ger bat. Omn s autem qu eam regi nem incol bant, ubi f mam d morte le nis acc p runt, vehementer gaud bant et Herculem magn hon re hab bant. 20
22. 2nd LABOR: THE LERNEAN HYDRA Paul post iussus est ab Eurysthe Hydram nec re. Hoc autem m nstrum erat cui novem erant capita. Hercul s igitur cum am c Iola profectus est ad pal dem Lernaeam, in qu Hydra habit bat. 25 Mox m nstrum inv nit, et quamquam r s erat magn per cul ,
Heracles 19 affer , -ferre, attul , all tum: carry to bring 5 le , le nis m.: lion, 5 am cus, - m.: friend, 6 Lernaeus, -a, -um: of Lerna, 1 arcus, - s m.; bow, 4 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 bracchium, - n.: arm, 2 n rr (1): to narrate, relate, 7 cad ver, -eris n.: corpse, dead body, 3 nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 cl va, -ae f.: club, 1 Nemeaeus, -a, -um: of Nemea, 1 collum, - n.; neck, 6 novem: nine, 3 complector, -plect , -plexus sum: embrace, 3 occid , -ere, -cid , -c sus: kill, cut down, 14 comprim , -ere, -press : press together, 2 oppidum, - n.: town, 4 credibilis, -e: credible, 2 pal s, pal dis f.: swamp, marsh, 3 cr d lis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 pellis, -is f.: hide, skin, pelt, 2 d mum: at length, finally, 3 percuti , -ere, -cuss , -cussum: strike, 2 densus, -a, -um: thick, 2 pl rimus, -a, -um: most, very many, 3 d trah , -ere, -ax , -actum: draw away/off, 2 po ta, -ae m.: poet, 4 duodecim: twelve, 6 poste : after this, afterwards, 7 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 pr : before, in front of, for, 9 expi (1): expiate, 2 quamquam: although, 4 facult s, -t tis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 redd , -ere, did , dditum: give back, return 4 f ma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 resp r (1): to breathe back, breathe out, 2 fauc s, -ium f.: throat, 2 scelus, sceleris n.: wickedness, crime, 4 fera, -ae f.: wild animal, beast, 1 scr b , -ere, scr ps , scr ptum: write, 2 frustr : in vain, for nothing, 13 semper: always, ever, forever, 2 gaude , - re, g v sus sum: enjoy, rejoice, 4 servi , - re, - v , - tum: to be slave to, serve, 1 honor, - ris m.: honor, glory; offering, 4 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7 Hydra, -ae f.: Hydra, 5 tr ici , -ere, -i c , -iectum: pierce, throw imper (1): order, command, 12 across, 1 incol , -ere, -u : inhabit, 4 umerus, - m.: shoulder, 3 inf stus, -a, -um: unsafe, dangerous, 1 vallis, -is f.: valley, vale, 2 intend , -ere, -nd , -ntum: stretch out, aim, 4 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 inveni , - re, -v n , -ventum: find, discover 8 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 12 Iol us, - m.: Iolaus, 1 vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5
1 ann s: for…; acc. of duration distinguish it from vir, vir servi bat: served; governs a dative object complexus est: a deponent verb; translate 2 h c… n mod : in this one way; manner as a perfect active verb scelus: nom. subj., neuter sg. 15 brev tempore: at…; abl. time when, 3 expi r : passive inf. expi , expi re 3rd decl. i-stem abl. sg. pl rima: very many (things); neuter pl. resp rand : gen. sg. of the gerund (-ing) subject, superlative of multus modifying nom. sg. facult s multa: many things; subject 16 e : dat. sg. indirect object of is, ea, id 7 pr mum: first (of all); adverbial acc. 17 rettulit: pf. refer ill tempore: at…; abl. time when 19 magn hon re: in great honor 9 s contulit: carried himself; i.e. he went, 23 paul : a little; dat. of degree of difference pf. c nfer 24 cui…erant: (the one) to whom there were; 10 s cum: cum s i.e. ‘who had’ or ‘whose…were’ dat. of attulerat: plpf. affer possession is common with a form of sum 11 ger bat: he was carrying 25 profectus est: pf. dep. profic scor, 12 frustr : in vain; adverb translate as pf. active h c mod : in this way; abl. of manner 26 magn per cul : of great danger; genitive 14 v ribus: with strength; abl. of means, of description in the predicative position pl. of v s, ‘force;’ 3rd declension endings 20 Heracles
collum eius sinistr prehendit. Tum dextr capita novem absc dere 1 coepit; quoti ns tamen hoc f cerat, nova capita exori bantur. Di fr str l b r bat; tandem h c c n t d stitit. Deinde arbor s succ dere et ignem accendere c nstituit. Hoc celeriter f cit, et postquam ligna ignem comprehend runt, face rdente colla ad ssit, 5 unde capita exori bantur. Nec tamen sine magn l b re haec f cit; v nit enim auxili Hydrae cancer ing ns, qu , dum Hercul s capita absc dit, cr ra eius mord bat. Postquam m nstrum t l mod interf cit, sagitt s su s sanguine eius imbuit, itaque mortifer s reddidit. 10
23. 3rd LABOR: THE CERYNEAN STAG Postquam Eurysthe caed s Hydrae nunti ta est, magnus timor animum eius occup vit. Iussit igitur Herculem cervum quendam ad s referre; n luit enim virum tantae aud ciae in urbe retin re. Hic 15 autem cervus, cuius cornua aurea fuisse tr duntur, incr dibil fuit celerit te. Hercul s igitur pr m vest gi s eum in silv persequ batur; deinde ubi cervum ipsum v dit, omnibus v ribus currere coepit. sque ad vesperum curr bat, neque nocturnum tempus sibi ad qui tem relinqu bat, fr str tamen; n ll enim 20 mod cervum c nsequ poterat. Tandem postquam t tum annum cucurrerat (ita tr ditur), cervum curs exanim tum c pit, et v vum ad Eurystheum rettulit.
24. 4th LABOR: THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR Tum v r iussus est Hercul s aprum quendam capere qu ill 25 tempore agr s Erymanthi s v st bat et incol s huius regi nis magnopere terr bat. Hercul s rem susc pit et in Arcadiam
Heracles 21 absc d , -ere, -c d , -c sum: cut away or off, 5 incr dibilis, -e: incredible, 2 accend , -ere, -nd , -nsum: kindle, light, 2 Itaque: and so, 8 ad r , - rere, - ss , stum: set fire to, burn 1 lab r (1): work, toil, labor, strive, 2 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 l gnum, - n.: wood, 4 aper, arp m.: wild boar, 3 morde , -ere, momord , morsum: bite, 1 arbor, -is f.: tree, 5 mortifer, -fera, -ferum: death-bearing, 2 Arcadia, -ae f.: Arcadia, 2 nec: and not, nor, 10 arde , - re, ars , arsum: be on fire, burn, 3 nocturnus, -a, -um: nocturnal, 2 aud cia, -ae f.: boldness, audacity, 2 n l , n lle, n lu : not…wish, be unwilling 12 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 novem: nine, 3 caed s, -is f.: slaughter, killing, 1 novus, -a, -um: new, 4 cancer, -cancr m.: crab, 1 nunti (1): announce, 3 celerit s, -t tis f.: speed, quickness, 7 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 celeriter: swiftly, quickly, 1 persequor, -sequ , -sec tus: follow up, 1 cervus, - m.: stag, 5 prehend , -ere, -hend , -h nsum: seize, 5 collum, - n.; neck, 6 qui s, qui tis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5 comprehend , -ere, -d , -sum: grasp, seize, 3 quoti ns: as often as, 2 con tus, - s m.: attempt, effort, 7 redd , ere, did , -dditum: give back, return, 4 consequor, - , sec tus: follow after; pursue, 3 relinqu , -ere, -l qu , -lictum: leave behind, 9 corn , - s n.: horn, 2 retine , - re, -u , -tentum: hold/keep back, 3 cr s, cr ris n.: leg, 1 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10 curr , -ere, cucurr , cursus: run, rush, fly, 4 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 6 cursus, - s m.: course, running, haste, 10 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7 deinde: then, thereupon, 8 sinistra, -ae f.: left hand, 1 d sist , -ere, -stit , -stitum: desist, stop, 5 succ d , -ere, -c d , -c sum: cut down or off, 1 dexter, -tra, -trum: right (hand); favorable, 1 suscipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: undertake, 14 di : a long time, long, 13 t lis, -e: such, 6 Erymanthius, -a, -um: of Erymanthus, 1 terre , - re, -u , territum: to terrify, scare, 5 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 unde: whence, from which source, 6 exorior, -or r , -ortus sum: arise from, rise, 2 usque: all the way to, up to, continuously, 2 fax, facis f.: torch, firebrand, 2 vast (1): lay waste, 2 frustr : in vain, for nothing, 13 v r : in truth, in fact, certainly, 5 Hydra, -ae f.: Hydra, 5 vesper, vesper m.: evening, 4 ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 vest gium, -i n.: track, foot-print, 4 imbu , -uere, -bu , -b tum: wet, soak, 2 v vus, -a, -um: living, alive, 4 incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7
1 sinistr (man ): with is left hand; abl. 9 mortifer s reddidit: rendered (the arrows) means; as often supply ‘man ’ deadly; mortifer s is acc. pred. dextr (man ): again, abl. of mean 15 referre: irreg. inf. of re-fer exori bantur: impf. deponent tantae aud ciae: of…; gen. of description 3 frustr : in vain; adverb 16 fuisse: pf. inf. sum h c c n t : from…; abl. of separation tr duntur: are reported 5 ligna: nom. subject, neuter plural incr dibil celerit te: of…; abl. of quality face rdente: abl. abs.; pres. pple rde 17 pr m : adverb 7 auxili Hydrae: as help for the Hydra; 18 persequ b tur: impf. dep., translate act. ‘for help,’ double dative (dat. purpose and 20 sibi: for him; dat. of interest dat. of interest) 21 c nsequ : to catch up with; dep. inf. 8 eius: gen. sg. is, ea, id; i.e. Heracles’ 22 ita tr ditur: thus it is reported tal mod : in such a way; abl. of manner, 23 rettulit: pf. refer 3rd decl. i-stem abl. 25 ill tempore: in…; abl. of time when 22 Heracles profectus est. Postquam in silvam paulum pr gressus est, apr 1 occurrit. Ille autem simul atque Herculem v dit, statim ref git; et tim re perterritus in altam fossam s proi cit. Hercul s igitur laqueum quem attulerat ini cit, et summ cum difficult te aprum foss extr xit. Ille ets fortiter repugn bat, n ll mod s l ber re 5 potuit; et ab Hercule ad Eurystheum v vus rel tus est.
25. HERCULES AT THE CENTAUR'S CAVE D quart l b re, quem supr n rr vimus, haec etiam tr duntur. Hercul s dum iter in Arcadiam facit, ad eam regi nem v nit quam 10 centaur incol bant. Cum nox iam appeteret, ad sp luncam d vertit in qu centaurus qu dam, n mine Pholus, habit bat. Ille Herculem benign exc pit et c nam par vit. At Hercul s postquam c n vit, v num Phol postul vit. Erat autem in sp lunc magna amphora v n optim repl ta, quam centaur ibi 15 d posuerant. Pholus igitur hoc v num dare nol bat, quod reliqu s centaur s tim bat; n llum tamen v num praeter hoc in sp lunc hab bat. "Hoc v num," inquit, "mihi commissum est. S igitur hoc dab , centaur m interficient." Hercul s tamen eum irr sit, et ipse p culum v n d amphor hausit. 20
26. THE FIGHT WITH THE CENTAURS Simul atque amphora aperta est, odor i cundissimus undique diff sus est; v num enim su vissimum erat. Centaur n tum od rem s ns runt et omn s ad locum conv n runt. Ubi ad 25 sp luncam perv n runt, magnopere r t erant quod Herculem
Heracles 23 affer , -ferre, attul , all tum: carry to bring 5 laqueus, - m.: noose, 1 altus, -a, -um: high, lofty, tall, 2 l ber (1): to set free, release, 6 amphora, -ae f.: amphora, jar, 3 n rr (1): to narrate, relate, 7 aper, arp m.: wild boar, 3 n l , n lle, n lu : not…wish, be unwilling 12 aperi , - re, -u , -ertus: open, disclose, 3 n men, n minis, n.: name, 12 appet , -ere, - v , -pet tum: draw near, 3 n tus, -a, -um: known, familiar, 3 Arcadia, -ae f.: Arcadia, 2 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7 benignus, -a, -um: kind, 4 occurr , -ere: run into, meet, attack, 2 c na, -ae f.: dinner, 5 odor, od ris m.: smell, odor, 2 c n (1): to dine, eat dinner, 2 optimus, -a, -um: best, noblest, finest, 1 committ , -mittere, -m s : commit, entrust, 6 perterre , - re: frighten, terrify, 5 conveni , - re, v n , ventum: come together 8 Pholus, - m.: Pholus, 6 d pon , -ere, -su , -situm: put down or aside9 p culum, - n.: cup, 7 d vert , -ere, -vert : turn away, turn aside, 1 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 difficult s, -t tis f.: difficulty, 7 praeter: except, besides, 2 diffund , -ere, -f d , -f sum: pour out, 1 pr ici , -icere, -i c , -iectum: throw forth, 4 ets : even if, although, though, 13 quartus, -a, -um: one-fourth, 3 excipi , ere, c p , ceptum: receive, welcome9 refugi , -ere, -f g : flee back, 5 extrah , -ere, -trax , -tractum: draw out, 2 reple , - re, -pl v , -pl tum: fill again, fill, 4 fortiter: bravely, 2 repugn (1): fight against, oppose, resist, 2 fossa, -ae f.: ditch, trench, 3 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7 hauri , haur re, haus , -stum: drink, draw, 1 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10 incol , -ere, -u : inhabit, 4 su vis, -e: sweet, pleasant, 1 inici , -ere, -i c , -iectum: throw in or upon, 2 supr : above, before, 6 inquam, inquis, inquit: to say, 6 time , - re, -u : fear, dread, 6 inr de , - re, -r s , -r sum: laugh at, mock, 1 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7 r tus, -a, -um: angry, 5 v vus, -a, -um: living, alive, 4 i cundus, -a, -um: pleasant, sweet, 1
1 profectus est: pf. dep. proficiscor, translate 10 eam: that; demonstrative adj. in the pf. active 12 n mine: by name; abl. of respect paulum: adverbial acc. 13 benign : - ending forms an adverb progressus est: pf. dep. progredior 14 Erat: there was apr : dat. obj. of a compound verb 15 repl ta: PPP (pf. pass. pple) reple 2 simul atque: as soon as; ‘the same time as’ 18 mihi: dat. ind. object 3 altam: deep commissum est: was entrusted 4 attulerat: pf. affer S …dab , interficient: If I give…will 5 ets : although kill; fut. more vivid condition (s , fut. ind., n ll mod : in no way; abl. of manner fut. ind.), the protasis (dab ) in English 6 rel tus est: pf. pass. re-fer translation is pres. in form but fut. in sense 9 d : about 23 Simul atque: as soon as; ‘at the same time 9 supr : above; i.e. earlier in the story as’ haec: neut. pl. nom. subject r t : angered; predicate nominative tr duntur: are reported
24 Heracles
bibentem v d runt. Tum arma rapu runt et Pholum interficere 1 vol bant. Hercul s tamen in adit sp luncae c nstitit et impetum e rum fortissim sustin bat. Fac s rdent s in e s coni cit; mult s etiam sagitt s su s vulner vit. Hae autem sagittae eaedem erant quae sanguine Hydrae lim imb tae erant. Omn s igitur qu s ille 5 sagitt s vulner verat ven n statim abs mpt sunt; reliqu autem ubi hoc v d runt, terga vert runt et fug sal tem peti runt.
27. THE FATE OF PHOLUS Postquam reliqu f g runt, Pholus ex sp lunc gressus est, et 10 corpora spect bat e rum qu sagitt s interfect erant. Magnopere autem mir tus est quod tam lev vulnere exanim t erant, et causam eius re quaer bat. Adiit igitur locum ubi cad ver cuiusdam centaur iac bat, et sagittam vulnere tr xit. Haec tamen s ve c s s ve c nsili de rum manibus eius lapsa est, et pedem leviter 15 vulner vit. Ille extempl dol rem gravem per omnia membra s nsit, et post breve tempus v ven n exanim tus est. Mox Hercul s, qu reliqu s centaur s sec tus erat, ad sp luncam rediit, et magn cum dol re Pholum mortuum v dit. Mult s cum lacrim s corpus amic ad sepult ram dedit; tum, postquam alterum p culum 20 v n exhausit, somn s dedit.
28. 5th LABOR: THE AUGEAN STABLES Deinde Eurystheus Hercul hunc l b rem gravi rem imp suit. Aug s qu dam, qui ill tempore r gnum in lide obtin bat, tria 25 m lia boüm hab bat. H in stabul ingentis magnit dinis
Heracles 25 absum , -ere, -mps , -mptum: take away, 1 m gnit d , -t dinis f.: size, greatness, 13 ade , - re, -i(v) : go to, approach, 4 membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 aditus, - s m.: approach, access, entrance, 2 m lle (pl. m lia): thousand, 7 alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 m ror, - r , - tus: to wonder, be amazed at, 7 am cus, - m.: friend, 6 mortuus, -a, -um: dead, 7 arde , - re, ars , arsum: be on fire, burn, 3 obtine , - re, -u , -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 arma, - rum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 lim: once, formerly, 10 Aug s, -ae m.: Augeas, 1 p s, pedis m.: foot, 8 bib , -ere, bib : drink, 4 pet , petere, pet v , pet tum: seek, aim at, 10 cad ver, -eris n.: corpse, dead body, 3 Pholus, - m.: Pholus, 6 c sus, - s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 p culum, - n.: cup, 7 const , -st re, -stit , -stitum: stand together, rapi , -ere, rapu , raptum: to seize, snatch, 5 it is agreed, 6 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10 deinde: then, thereupon, 8 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 6 lis, -idis f.: Elis, 1 sepeli , - re, - v , sepultum: to bury, 1 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 sequor, - , sec tus: follow, pursue, attend, 4 exhauri , - re, -aus , -austum: drink up, 1 s ve: or if, whether if, 6 extempl : immediately, straightaway, 1 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 fax, facis f.: torch, firebrand, 2 spect (1): to watch, look at, 1 fortis, -e: strong, brave, valiant, 5 stabulum, - n.: stable, inclosure, 5 fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 sustine , - re, u , -tentum: hold up, endure, 7 fugi , fugere, f g , --: to flee, hurry away, 9 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8 Hydra, -ae f.: Hydra, 5 tergum, - n.: back, 8 iace , - re, -u : to lie, lie low, 3 trah , -ere, tr x , tractum: to draw, drag, 6 imbu , -uere, -bu , -b tum: wet, soak, 2 tr s, tria: three, 9 impetus, - s m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 ven num, - n.: poison, 7 impon , -ere, -posu , -positus: place on, 7 vert , -ere, vert , versum: to turn, 4 l bor, l b , l psum sum: to slip, glide, 1 vol (1): to fly, 3 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 vulner (1): wound, injure, 7 levis, leve: light, slight, 2 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6 leviter
1 bibentem: pres. pple bib 14 iac bat: from iace , iac re, ‘to lie 3 fortissim : very…; superlative adverb down’ not iaci , iacere, ‘to throw’ sustin bat: was holding off s ve…s ve: whether…or Fac s: acc. pl. fax 14 c s : by chance; abl. of cause, elsewhere rdent s: pres. pple rde c sus means ‘misfortune’ in: ‘at’ or ‘against’ in context of fighting 15 c nsil : by the plan; abl. of cause 4 eaedem: the same; the suffix -dem does l psa est: pf. deponent not decline, but eae- modifies sagittae eius: gen. sg., i.e. Pholus 6 reliqu : the remaining (centaurs) 16 extempl : adverb 7 fug : in flight; abl. of mean 17 v : abl. of means, v s peti(v) runt: syncopated pf. pet ven n : gen. sg. 10 reliqu : the remaining (centaurs) 18 sec tus est: pf. dep. sequor, translate act. gressus est: pf. dep. gredior rediit: pf. red-e 11 e rum: of those; demonstrative in sense 19 magn cum dol re, mult s cum lacrim s: 12 lev vulnere: abl. of means; i-stem 3rd abl. of manner, adj. is emphasized decl. adj. 21 somn : to sleep; dat. ind. obj. 13 eius re : of this matter; gen. sg. 24 graviorem: comparative adjective Adiit: pf. ad-e 26 bo(v)üm: of cattle; gen. pl. b s cuiusdam: gen. sg. qu dam 26 ingentis magnit dinis: gen. of description 26 Heracles
incl d bantur. Stabulum autem inluvi ac squ l re erat obsitum, 1 neque enim ad hoc tempus umquam purg tum erat. Hoc Hercules intr spatium n us di purg re iussus est. Ille, ets r s erat multae operae, neg tium susc pit. Pr mum magn l b re fossam duod v gint pedum d xit, per quam fl minis aquam d montibus 5 ad murum stabul perd xit. Tum postquam m rum perr pit, aquam in stabulum imm sit et t l mod contr op ni nem omnium opus c nf cit.
29. 6th LABOR: THE STYMPHALIAN BIRDS 10 Post pauc s di s Hercul s ad oppidum Stymph lum iter f cit; imper verat enim e Eurystheus ut av s Stymphalid s nec ret. Hae av s rostra a nea hab bant et carne hominum v sc bantur. Ille postquam ad locum perv nit, lacum v dit; in h c autem lac , qu non procul erat ab oppid , av s habit bant. N lla tamen dab tur 15 appropinquand facult s; lacus enim n n ex aqu sed l m c nstitit. Hercul s igitur neque pedibus neque lintre pr gred potuit. Ille cum magnam partem di fr str c nsumpsisset, h c c n t d stitit et ad Volc num s contulit, ut auxilium ab e peteret. 20 Volc nus (qu ab fabr s maxim col b tur) crepundia quae ipse ex aere fabric tus erat Hercul dedit. H s Hercul s tam acrem crepitum f cit ut av s perterritae vol rent. Ille autem, dum volant, magnum numerum e rum sagitt s tr nsf xit.
Heracles 27 ac: and, and also, 14 linter, lintris f.: boat, skiff, 3 acer, acris, acre: sharp; fierce, keen, 1 maxim : especially, very greatly, 5 a neus, -a, -um: of bronze, 3 mons, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5 aes, aeris n.: bronze, 2 m rus, - m.: (city) wall, rampart, 4 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 neg tium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 avis, avis f.: bird, 4 numerus, - m.: number, multitude, 7 vol (1): to fly away, 2 obsitus, -a, -um: overgrown or covered with 1 car , carnis f.: flesh, meat, 4 opera, -ae f.: effort, work, 1 col , -ere, colu , cultum: cultivate, cherish, 3 op ni , -i nis f.: opinion, reputation, 6 con tus, - s m.: attempt, effort, 7 oppidum, - n.: town, 4 const , -st re, -stit , -stitum: stand together, opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 it is agreed, 6 perd c , -ere, -x , -ctum: lead through, 4 cons m , -ere, -mps , -mptum: take, spend 9 perrump , -ere, -r p , -ruptum: break contr : against (+ acc.), 7 through, 2 crepitus, - s m.: rattle, clatter, 1 perterre , - re: frighten, terrify, 5 crepundia, - rum n.: rattle, 1 p s, pedis m.: foot, 8 d sist , -ere, -stit , -stitum: desist, stop, 5 pet , petere, pet v , pet tum: seek, aim at, 10 duc , -ere, d x , ductus: lead, draw, bring, 5 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5 duo-de-viginti: eighteen, 1 purg (1): to cleanse, make clean, 2 ets : even if, although, though, 13 rostrum, - n.: beak, 1 faber, fabr m.: smith, engineer, 2 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10 fabricor, - r , - tus sum: make, fashion, 1 spatium, -i n.: space, span, extent, 6 facult s, -t tis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 squ lor, - ris m.: dirt, filth, 1 fossa, -ae f.: ditch, trench, 3 stabulum, - n.: stable, inclosure, 5 frustr : in vain, for nothing, 13 Stymphalis, -idis: of Stymphalus, 1 immitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: send, et in, 2 suscipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: undertake, 14 imper (1): order, command, 12 t lis, -e: such, 6 incl d , -ere, - s , - sum: close in, shut in, 7 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8 inluvi s, - f.: dirt, filth, 1 tr nsf g , -f gere, -f x , -f xum: pierce, 4 intr : within, among (+ acc.), 4 umquam: ever, 5 lacus, - s m.: lake, 3 vescor, vesc : to feed on, eat (+ abl.) 3 l mus, - m.: mud, 1 Volc nus, - m.: Vulcan, 13
2 ad hoc tempus: up to…., until… 13 v sc bantur: governs an abl. obj. 3 n us di : of one day; gen. sg., nus has 16 appropinquand : of approaching; a - us in the gen. sg. and - in dat. sg. gen. sg. gerund modifying facult s multae operae: of…; gen. description as 17 neque…neque: neither…nor predicate; gen. of 1st decl. opera, -ae f. pr gred : dep. inf. pr gredior, translate as 4 pr mum: adverb an active inf. 5 pedum: gen. pl. of measure after fossam 19 cum…c nsumpsisset: when…had spent; d xit: drew up a ditch; i.e. ‘dig’ or ‘build’ cum + plpf. subjunctive, translate in plpf. 7 t l mod : in such a way; abl. of manner tense op ni nem: expectation; with contr h c c n t : from…; abl. of separation opus: neuter acc. sg. direct object s contulit: carried himself; pf. c nfer 12 imper verat: had ordered (dat) that 20 ut…peteret: so that…he might seek; e : dat. ind. obj. is, ea, id purpose clause, impf. subjunctive ut…nec ret: that…; ind. command, impf. 22 h s: for these (birds); dat. of interest subj. in secondary seq. (main verb is in the 23 ut… vol rent: that..flew away; result past); you may translate this construction clause, impf. subj. in secondary seq. ‘that he kill’ or often as an inf. ‘to kill…’ 28 Heracles
30. 7th LABOR: THE CRETAN BULL 1 Tum Eurystheus Hercul imper vit ut taurum quendam fer cissimum ex nsul Cr t v vum referret. Ille igitur n vem c nscendit, et cum ventus id neus esset, statim solvit. Cum tamen nsulae iam appropinqu ret, tanta tempest s subit coörta est ut 5 n vis cursum ten re non posset. Tantus autem timor anim s naut rum occup vit ut paene omnem spem sal tis d p nerent. Hercul s tamen, ets navigand imper tus erat, haudqu quam territus est. 10 Post breve tempus summa tranquillit s c nsec ta est, et nautae, qu s ex tim re iam rec perant, n vem incolumem ad terram appul runt. Hercul s n v gressus est, et cum ad r gem Cr tae v nisset, causam veniend docuit. Deinde, postquam omnia par ta sunt, ad eam regi nem contendit quam taurus v st bat. Mox 15 taurum v dit, et quamquam r s erat magn per cul , cornua eius prehendit. Tum, cum ingent l b re m nstrum ad n vem tr xisset, cum praed in Graeciam rediit.
31. 8th LABOR: MAN-EATING HORSES OF DIOMEDE 20 Postquam ex nsul Cr t rediit, Hercul s ab Eurysthe in Thr ciam missus est, ut equ s Diom dis red ceret. H equ carne hominum v sc bantur; Diom d s autem, vir cr d lissimus, ill s obici bat peregr n s omn s qu in eam regi nem v nerant. Hercul s igitur magn celerit te in Thr ciam contendit et ab 25 Diom de postul vit ut equ sibi tr derentur. Cum tamen ille hoc facere n llet, Hercul s r comm tus r gem interf cit et cad ver eius equ s obic iussit.
Heracles 29 appell , -ere, -pul , -puls : drive to, 14 incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 cad ver, -eris n.: corpse, dead body, 3 nauta, -ae f.: sailor, 3 car , carnis f.: flesh, meat, 4 n vig (1): to sail, 5 celerit s, -t tis f.: speed, quickness, 7 n l , n lle, n lu : not…wish, be unwilling 12 conscend , -ere, -nd , -nsum: climb aboard, 6 obici , -ere, -i c , -iectum: throw or cast at, 3 consequor, - , sec tus: follow after; pursue, 3 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 contend , -ere, - , -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 paene: almost, nearly, 8 coörior, -or r , -ortus sum: to arise, 4 peregr nus, - m.: stranger, foreigner, 1 corn , - s n.: horn, 2 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 Cr ta, -ae f.: Crete, 3 praeda, -ae f.: plunder, spoils, 2 cr d lis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 prehend , -ere, -hend , -h nsum: seize, 5 cursus, - s m.: course, running, haste, 10 quamquam: although, 4 deinde: then, thereupon, 8 recipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: take back, 8 d pon , -ere, -su , -situm: put down or aside9 red c , -ere, -x , -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 Di m d s, -is m.: Diomedes, 3 taurus, - m.: bull, 7 doce , - re, -u , -ctus: teach, tell, 9 tene , ten re, tenu , tentum: to hold, keep 13 equus, - m.: horse, 7 terre , - re, -u , territum: to terrify, scare, 5 ets : even if, although, though, 13 Thr cia, -ae f.: Thrace, 3 fer x, - cis: fierce, savage, 1 trah , -ere, tr x , tractum: to draw, drag, 6 Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 tranquillit s, -t tis f.: calm, tranquility, 2 haudqu quam: not at all, in no way, 2 vast (1): lay waste, 2 id neus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 ventus, - m.: wind, 10 imper tus, -a, -um: inexperienced, 1 vescor, vesc : to feed on, eat (+ abl.) 3 imper (1): order, command, 12 v vus, -a, -um: living, alive, 4
2 Hercul : Hercules; dat. obj. of imper vit of description as predicate ut…referret: that…; ind. command with 17 ingent lab re: with…; abl. of means impf. subj. refer (secondary seq.) may be or manner; i-stem 3rd decl. adj. translated as ‘that…carry back’ or often as tr xisset: plpf. subj. trah , see line 13 inf. ‘to carry back…’ 18 rediit: pf. red-e 4 cum…esset: when…; impf. subj. of sum, 22 ut…red ceret: in order that…might; translate just as impf. indicative purpose clause, impf. subj. can be 5 appropinqu ret: impf. subj., see line 4 translated “in order that” or “so that” or as ut…posset: that..was able; result clause, infinitives expressing purpose impf. subj. possum (secondary seq.) 23 v sc bantur: dep. governs abl. object 7 ut…d p neret: that…carried off; result ill s: at them; dat. of compound verb clause, impf. subj. (secondary seq) 25 magn celerit te: with…; abl. of manner 8 navigand : of sailing; gen. sg. gerund 26 ut…tr derentur: that..be handed over…; modifies imper tus ind. command, impf. subj. s …rec perant: had retreated; idiom 27 cum…n llet: when…; impf. subj. n l 13 cum…v nisset: when…; plpf. subj. (inf. n lle) of veni , translate as plpf. indicative 27 cad ver: neuter acc. direct object veniend : for coming; gen. sg. gerund here 28 equ s: to…; dat. of compound verb a objective genitive obic : pres. pass. inf. ob-ici 16 magn per cul : of great danger; gen.
With the exception of purpose clauses (may, might) and if-then clauses, almost all the subjunctives that readers will encounter do not require a special translation. Simply identify the tense of the verb and translate as one would an indicative. 30 Heracles
Ita m ra rerum comm t ti facta est; is enim qu ante mult s cum 1 cruci t nec verat ipse e dem supplici nec tus est. Cum haec nunti ta essent, omn s qu eam regi nem incol bant maxim laetiti affect sunt et Hercul meritam gr tiam refer bant. N n modo maxim s hon ribus et praemi s eum decor v runt sed 5 or bant etiam ut r gnum ipse susciperet. Ille tamen hoc facere n l bat, et cum ad mare rediisset, n vem occup vit. Ubi omnia ad navigandum par ta sunt, equ s in n v colloc vit; deinde, cum id neam tempest tem nactus esset, sine mor port solvit, et paul post equ s in l tus Argolicum exposuit. 10
32. 9th LABOR: THE GIRDLE OF HIPPOLYTE G ns Am zonum dicitur omn n ex mulieribus c nstitisse. Hae summam scientiam re m lit ris hab bant, et tantam virt tem adhib bant ut cum vir s proelium committere aud rent. Hippolyt , 15 Am zonum r g na, balteum habuit celeberrimum quem Mars e dederat. Adm t autem, Eurysthe f lia, f mam d h c balte acc perat et eum possid re vehementer cupi bat. Eurystheus igitur Hercul mand vit ut c pi s c geret et bellum Am zonibus nferret. Ille nunti s in omn s part s d m sit, et cum magna multitud 20 conv nisset, e s d l git qu maximum sum in r m lit r hab bant.
33. THE GIRDLE IS REFUSED H s vir s Hercul s persu sit, postquam causam itineris exposuit, ut 25 s cum iter facerent. Tum cum e s quibus persu serat n vem
Heracles 31 adhibe , - re, -u , -itum: to apply, hold to, 4 infer , -ferre, -tul , -l tus: bring on, wage, 3 Adm ta, -ae f.: Admeta, 1 laetitia, -ae f.: joy, happiness, 3 Am zon s, -um f.: Amazon, 7 mand (1): to entrust, give, commit, 2 antea: before, earlier, formerly, previously, 7 Mars, Martis m.: Mars, 1 Argolicus, -a, -um: of Argolis, 1 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9 aude , - re, ausus sum: to dare, 1 meritus, -a, -um: deserved, due, just, 4 balteus, -e m.: belt, girdle, 5 m lit ris, -e: military, warlike, 3 bellum, - , n.: war, 6 m rus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7 celeber, -bris, -bre: frequented, celebrated, 2 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 c g , c gere, - g , - ctum: collect, compel, 5 mulier, mulieris f.: woman, 3 committ , -mittere, -m s : commit, entrust, 6 multit d , -t dinis f.: multitude, 2 comm t tio, -ti nis f.: change, 2 nanciscor, nancisc , nactus: attain, meet, 7 conloc (1): place together, 1 n vig (1): to sail, 5 const , -st re, -stit , -stitum: stand together, nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 it is agreed, 6 n l , n lle, n lu : not…wish, be unwilling 12 conveni , - re, v n , ventum: come together 8 nunti (1): announce, 3 c pia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 cruci tus, - s m.: torture, 2 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 cupi , -ere, - v , - tum: desire, long for, 4 omn n : altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 decor (1): to adorn, distinguish, 2 r (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5 deinde: then, thereupon, 8 persu de , - re, -su s , -su sum: persuade, 9 d lig , -ere, -l g , -lectum: choose, select, 6 portus, - s m.: harbort, port, 3 equus, - m.: horse, 7 posside , - re, poss d , possessum: possess 1 exp n , -ere, -su , -situm: set out, explain 7 praemium, i n.: reward, 5 f ma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 r g na, -ae f.: queen, 2 g ns, gentis f.: clan, race, nation, herd, 4 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6 gr tia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 supplicium, -i n.; punishment, supplication, 5 Hippolyt , - s f.: Hippolyte, 4 suscipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: undertake, 14 honor, - ris m.: honor, glory; offering, 4 sus, s s m.: use, employment, 3 id neus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 incol , -ere, -u : inhabit, 4 virt s, - tis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10
1 is…qu : for he who… as a plpf. active indicative cum cruci t : abl. of manner solvit: set sail; ‘ 3 nunti ta essent: when…; plpf. pass. subj. 10 paul : little; abl. of degree of difference in a cum-clause, translate as as you would a 13 c nstitisse: to have consisted; pf. inf. plpf. pass. indicative 14 re m lit ris: of military affairs; gen. sg. eam: this; demonstrative adj. 15 ut…aud ret: so that…; impf. subj. of 4 Hercul : to Hercules; dat. ind. object aude , aud re in a result clause N n modo…sed…etiam: not only… proelium committere: begin battle; idiom but also; modo is an adverb 16 celeberrimum: superlative with balteum 5 hon ribus, praemi s: abl. of means e : dat. ind. obj. is, ea, id 6 ut…susciperet: that…undertake; impf. 19 Hercul : dat. ind. obj. subj. in ind. command can alternatively be ut..c geret… nferret: that…force; impf. translated as an inf. ‘to undertake’ subj. ind. command 7 cum…rediisset: plpf. subj. red-e , translate Am zonibus: on…; dat. of compound as plpf. indicative verb ad…: for…; ad + acc. gerund (-ing) 20 part s: directions expresses purpose 21 r m lit r : military affairs 8 in n v : 3rd decl. i-stem abl. 25 persu sit: governs dat + ind. command 9 nactus esset: plpf. deponent subj., translate 26 quibus…: whom he had persuaded… 32 Heracles
c nscendit, et cum ventus id neus esset, post pauc s di s ad 1 stium fl minis Therm dontis appulit. Postquam in f n s Am zonum v nit, n ntium ad Hippolytam m sit, qu causam veniend doc ret et balteum posceret. Ipsa Hippolyt balteum tr dere vol bat, quod d Herculis virt te f mam acc perat; reliquae 5 tamen Am zon s e persu s runt ut neg ret. At Hercul s, cum haec nunti ta essent, bell fort nam tempt re c nstituit. Proxim igitur di cum c pi s d xisset, locum id neum d l git et host s ad pugnam voc vit. Am zon s quoque c pi s su s ex castr s d x runt et n n magn interv ll ab Hercule aciem 10 nstr x runt.
34. THE BATTLE Pal s erat n n magna inter du s exercit s; neutr tamen initium tr nseund facere vol bant. Tandem Hercul s signum dedit, et ubi 15 pal dem tr nsiit, proelium comm sit. Am zon s impetum vir rum fortissim sustinu runt, et contr op ni nem omnium tantam virt tem praestit runt ut mult s e rum occ derint, mult s etiam in fugam coni cerint. Vir enim nov genere pugnae perturb bantur nec magnam virt tem praest bant. 20 Hercul s autem cum haec vid ret, de su s fort n s d sp r re coepit. M lit s igitur vehementer cohort tus est ut pr stinae virt tis memoriam retin rent neu tantum d decus admitterent, hostiumque impetum fortiter sustin rent; quibus verb s anim s omnium ita r xit ut mult etiam qu vulneribus confect essent proelium sine 25 mor redintegr rent.
Heracles 33 aci s, - f.: sharp edge, battle line, army, 3 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 4 admitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: admit, allow, 1 m l s, m litis m.: soldier, 2 Am zon s, -um f.: Amazon, 7 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 appell , -ere, -pul , -puls : drive to, 14 nec: and not, nor, 10 balteus, -e m.: belt, girdle, 5 neg (1): to deny, say that…not, 3 bellum, - , n.: war, 6 neu: nor, and not, 1 castra, - rum n.: camp, 1 neuter, neutra, neutrum: neither, 1 cohortor, -hort r , -hort tus: encourage, 2 novus, -a, -um: new, 4 committ , -mittere, -m s : commit, entrust, 6 nunti (1): announce, 3 conscend , -ere, -nd , -nsum: climb aboard, 6 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 contr : against (+ acc.), 7 occid , -ere, -cid , -c sus: kill, cut down, 14 c pia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 op ni , -i nis f.: opinion, reputation, 6 d decus, d decoris n.: dishonor, disgrace, 1 stium, -i n.: mouth, entrance, 3 d lig , -ere, -l g , -lectum: choose, select, 6 pal s, pal dis f.: swamp, marsh, 3 d sp r (1): to despair, give up, 4 persu de , - re, -su s , -su sum: persuade, 9 doce , - re, -u , -ctus: teach, tell, 9 perturb (1): to trouble, greatly disturb, 2 duo, duae, duo: two, 10 posc , -ere, pop sc : ask, demand, 1 d c , -ere, -d x , -ductum: lead out, draw, 3 praest , -st re, -stit : stand in front, show, 6 rig , -ere, -r x , -rectum: raise up, lift, 1 pr stinus, -a, -um: former, 1 voc (1): call out, challenge, 1 proelium, -i n.: battle, 4 exercitus, - s m.: army, 2 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5 f ma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 pugna, -ae f.: fight, 2 f nis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 que: and, 14 fortis, -e: strong, brave, valiant, 5 quoque: also, 1 fortiter: bravely, 2 redintegr (1): make whole again, renew, 1 fort na, -ae f.: fortune, chance, luck, 3 retine , - re, -u , -tentum: hold/keep back, 3 fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 signum, - n.: sign, signal, 2 genus, -eris n.: birth, race; kind, family, 2 sustine , - re, u , -tentum: hold up, endure, 7 Hippolyt , - s f.: Hippolyte, 4 tempt (1): to attempt; attack; test, probe, 1 hostis, -is m./f.: stranger, enemy, foe, 5 Therm d n, -dontis m.: Thermodon, 1 id neus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 tr nse , - re, -i ( v ), itus: pass (by), 10 impetus, - s m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 initium, - n.: beginning, entrance, 1 verbum, - n.: word, speech, 4 instru , -ere, - x , -uctum: equip, draw up, 6 virt s, - tis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10 inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 vol (1): to fly, 3 intervallum, - n.: interval, distance, 2 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6
1 esset: impf. subj. sum, translate impf. 15 tr nseund : gen. sg. gerund (-ing), 3 qu …doceret…posceret: who would... tr ns-e and would; relative clause of purpose; impf. 16 tr nsiit: pf. tr ns-e subj. 17 fortissim : superlative adv. 4 veniend : gen. sg. gerund (-ing) sustin runt: held off Hippolyt : fem. nom. sg. 18 ut…occ derint: that…; pf. subj. in a result 6 persu s runt: persuaded (dat) that…; clause, translate as pf. indicative governs ind. command (ut); impf. subj. nov genere: by the new type 7 nunti ta essent: plpf. subj. translate 24 ut…sustin rent: ind. command just as plpf. pass. indicative quibus verb s: with these words; ‘which’ 8 Proxim di : on…; abl. of time when 25 ut…redintegr rent: that…; result clause, d xisset: plpf. subj. d c impf. subj. 10 magn interv ll : at a great interval confect essent: plpf. pass. subj. in a 14 neutr : neither; nom. pl. subj. neuter rel. clause of characteristic 34 Heracles
35. THE DEFEAT OF THE AMAZONS 1 Di et criter pugn tum est; tandem tamen ad s lis occ sum tanta comm t ti r rum facta est ut mulier s terga verterent et fug sal tem peterent. Multae autem vulneribus d f ssae dum fugiunt captae sunt, in qu numer ipsa erat Hippolyt . Hercul s summam 5 cl mentiam praestitit, et postquam balteum acc pit, l bert tem omnibus capt v s dedit. Tum v r soci s ad mare red xit, et quod n n multum aest tis supererat, in Graeciam profic sc m t r vit. N vem igitur c nscendit, et tempest tem id neam nactus statim solvit; antequam tamen in Graeciam perv nit, ad urbem Tr iam 10 n vem appellere c nstituit, fr mentum enim quod s cum hab bat iam d ficere coeperat.
36. LAOMEDON AND THE SEA-MONSTER La med n qu dam ill tempore r gnum Tr iae obtin bat. Ad hunc 15 Nept nus et Apoll ann superi re v nerant, et cum Tr ia n ndum moenia hab ret, ad hoc opus auxilium obtulerant. Postquam tamen h rum auxili moenia c nfecta sunt, n l bat L omed n praemium quod pr posuerat persolvere. Nept nus igitur et Apoll ob hanc causam r t m nstrum 20 quoddam m s runt speci horribil , quod cot die mar veni bat et homin s pecud sque vor bat. Tr i n autem tim re perterrit in urbe contin bantur, et pecora omnia ex agr s intr m r s compulerant. L omed n h s r bus comm tus r culum c nsuluit, ac deus e praec pit ut f liam H si nen m nstr obiceret. 25
Heracles 35 ac: and, and also, 14 nanciscor, nancisc , nactus: attain, meet, 7 criter: sharply, fiercely, 2 Nept nus, - m.: Neptune, 4 aest s, aest tis f.: summer, 1 n l , n lle, n lu : not…wish, be unwilling 12 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 nondum: not yet, 4 antequam: before, 9 numerus, - m.: number, multitude, 7 Apollo, -inis m.: Apollo, 7 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 appet , -ere, - v , -pet tum: draw near, 3 obici , -ere, -i c , -iectum: throw or cast at, 3 balteus, -e m.: belt, girdle, 5 obtine , - re, -u , -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 capt vus, -a, -um: prisoner, 2 occ sus, - s m.: fall, destruction, 4 clementia, -ae f.: mercy, kindness, 1 offer , -ferre, -tul , -l tum: offer, present 5 comm t ti , -ti nis f.: change, 2 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 compell , -ere, -pul : drive together, 3 r culum, - n.: oracle, 11 conscend , -ere, -nd , -nsum: climb aboard, 6 pecus, pecoris n.: herd, flock, 4 consul , consulere, -lu , -ltum: to consult, 3 pecus, pecudis f.: herd of cattle, 1 contine , - re, -nu : hold or keep together, 4 persolv , -ere, -solv , -sol tum: to pay up, 1 cott di : daily, 2 perterre , - re: frighten, terrify, 5 d fessus, -a, -um: wearied, exhausted, 1 pet , petere, pet v , pet tum: seek, aim at, 10 d fici , -ere, -f c , -fectum: fail, 3 praecipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: order, take, 6 di : a long time, long, 13 praemium, i n.: reward, 5 fr mentum, - n.: grain, 4 praest , -st re, -stit : stand in front, show, 6 fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 prop n , -ere, -su , -situm: put or set forth, 4 fugi , fugere, f g , --: to flee, hurry away, 9 pugn (1): to fight, 4 Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 que: and, 14 H sion , - s f.: Hesione, 1 red c , -ere, -x , -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 Hippolyt , - s f.: Hippolyte, 4 s l, s lis m.: sun, 10 horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 superior, -ius: higher, upper, 3 id neus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 super (1): to overcome, defeat, 3 intr : within, among (+ acc.), 4 tergum, - n.: back, 8 r tus, -a, -um: angry, 5 Tr ia, -ae f.: Troy, 9 La medon, -ontis m.: Laomedon, 5 Tr i n , - rum m.: Trojans, 1 l bert s, -t tis f.: freedom, liberty, 1 v r : in truth, in fact, certainly, 5 m t r (1): to hasten, ripen, 7 vert , -ere, vert , versum: to turn, 4 moenia, - rum n.: walls, 2 vor (1): to devour, 1 mulier, mulieris f.: woman, 3 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6 m rus, - m.: (city) wall, rampart, 4
2 pugn tum est: they fought; ‘it was fought,’ proficisc : dep. inf. proficiscor an impersonal passive is often translated in 9 nactus: having obtained; dep. nanc scor the active in English, supply a subject 10 solvit: set sail ad: near… 15 ill tempore: at…; abl. time when 3 ut…peterent: that…; result, impf. subj. 16 ann superi re: in the previous year fug : in flight; abl. means cum…hab ret: since…; causal in sense 4 Multae: many (Amazons) 17 ad…: for…; expressing purpose vulneribus: abl. means 21 speci horribil : of…; abl. of quality, 5 Hippolyt : Greek 1st decl. nominative sg. 3rd decl. i-stem abl. adjective 7 v r : in fact; adverb 24 comm tus: upset; ‘troubled,’ PPP, as 8 multum aest tis: much of the summer; often, to move emotionally, not physically partitive gen. 25 e praec pit: instructed him; ‘ordered’ supererat: remained; impf. supersum ut…obiceret: ind. command, impf.
36 Heracles
37. THE RESCUE OF HESIONE 1 La med n, cum hoc resp nsum ren nti tum esset, magnum dol rem perc pit; sed tamen, ut c v s su s tant per cul l ber ret, r cul par re constituit et diem sacrifici d xit. Sed s ve c s s ve c nsili de rum Hercul s tempore opport nissim Tr iam attigit; 5 ips enim temporis p nct qu puella cat n s v ncta ad l tus d d c b tur ille n vem appulit. Hercul s n v gressus d r bus quae ger bantur certior factus est; tum r comm tus ad r gem s contulit et auxilium suum obtulit. Cum r x libenter e concessisset ut, s posset, puellam l ber ret, Hercul s m nstrum interf cit; et 10 puellam, quae iam omnem spem sal tis d posuerat, incolumem ad patrem red xit. L omed n magn cum gaudi f liam suam acc pit, et Hercul pr tant benefici meritam gr tiam rettulit.
38. 10th LABOR: THE OXEN OF GERYON 15 Tum v r missus est Hercul s ad nsulam Eryth am, ut bov s G ry nis arcesseret. R s erat summae difficult tis, quod bov s qu dam Euryti ne et cane bicipite cust di bantur. Ipse autem G ryon speciem horribilem praeb bat; tria enim corpora inter s coni ncta hab bat. Hercul s tamen ets intelleg bat quantum 20 per culum esset, neg tium susc pit; ac postquam per mult s terr s iter f cit, ad eam partem Libyae perv nit quae Eur pae proxima est. Ibi in utr que l tore fret quod Eur pam Liby d vidit column s c nstituit, quae poste Herculis Columnae appell bantur.
Heracles 37 ac: and, and also, 14 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 La medon, -ontis m.: Laomedon, 5 appell , -ere, -pul , -puls : drive to, 14 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 arcess , -ere, - v , -itum: summon, invite, 2 l ber (1): to set free, release, 6 atting , -ere, -tig , -t ctum: touch at, reach, 3 Libya, -ae f.: Libya, 3 beneficium, - n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 meritus, -a, -um: deserved, due, just, 4 biceps, bicipitis: two-headed, 1 neg tium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 canis, -is m. f.: dog, 3 offer , -ferre, -tul , -l tum: offer, present 5 c sus, - s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 opport nus, -a, -um: suitable, convenient, 2 cat na, -ae f.: chain, 2 r culum, - n.: oracle, 11 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 pare , - re, paru : obey, 3 c vis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 columna, -ae f.: column, pillar, 2 percipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: feel perceive 5 conc d , -ere; go away, withdraw, yield, 1 poste : after this, afterwards, 7 coniung , -ere, -nx , -nctum: join together, 2 praebe , - re, -u , -itum: to present, give, 7 custodi , - re, - v , - tum: to guard, 4 pr : before, in front of, for, 9 d d c , -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5 d pon , -ere, -su , -situm: put down or aside9 puella, -ae f.: girl, 8 difficult s, -t tis f.: difficulty, 7 punctum, - n.: point, instant, moment, 1 d vid , -ere, -v s , -v sum: divide, separate, 3 quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4 Eryth a, -ae f.: Erythia, 1 red c , -ere, -x , -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 ets : even if, although, though, 13 renunti , (1): report, announce, 2 Europa, -ae f.: Europe, 2 responde , - re, -d , - nsus: to answer, 13 Euryti n, - nis m.: Eurytion, 2 sacrificium, -i n.: sacrifice, 5 fretum, n.: strait, 1 s ve: or if, whether if, 6 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 suscipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: undertake, 14 G ryon, - nis m.: Geryon, 4 tr s, tria: three, 9 gr tia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 Tr ia, -ae f.: Troy, 9 horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 uterque, utraque, utrumque: each (of two) 1 incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 v r : in truth, in fact, certainly, 5 inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 vinci , - re, v nx , v nctus: bind, tie, 4
2 cum…ren nit tum esset: plpf. pass. subj., disembarked’ dep. pf. translates as a plpf. indicative 8 quae ger bantur: which were being 3 ut…l ber ret: so that…; purpose carried out; the antecedent is r bus tant per cul : from…; abl. of separation certior factus est: were made more certain; with impf. subj. of l ber i.e. ‘were informed;’ commom idiom in 4 par re: to obey; governs a dat. object Caesar; certior is a pred. adj. in the diem…d xit: appointed the day comparative degree sacrifici : for…; dat. of purpose s contulit: carried himself; pf. confer s ve…s ve: whether…or 9 concessisset: had yielded to him c s : by chance; abl. of cause; elsewhere 10 ut…l ber ret: so that he might free…; c sus means ‘misfortune’ purpose 5 c nsil : by the plan; abl. of cause s posset: if he should be able; impf. opport nissim : most opportune; i.e. subj. possum; fut. less vivid condition in most timely, abl. time when secondary sequence 6 ips p nct : at that very point; ‘at the 13 pr : (in return) for… point itself,’ abl. of time when rettulit: pf. re-fer qu : at which (time); abl. time when 17 arcesseret: so that…might; purpose v ncta: PPP (pf. pass. pple) vinci 21 esset: was; ind. question, impf. subj. sum 7 gressus: having stepped out; i.e. ‘having 22 Eur pae: to…; dat. with special adj. 38 Heracles
39. THE GOLDEN SHIP 1 Dum h c mor tur, Hercul s magnum incommodum ex cal re s lis accipi bat; tandem igitur r comm tus arcum suum intendit et s lem sagitt s petiit. S l tamen aud ciam vir tantum adm r tus est ut lintrem auream e dederit. Hercul s hoc d num libentissim 5 acc pit, n llam enim n vem in h s regi nibus inven re potuerat. Tum lintrem d d xit, et ventum nactus id neum post breve tempus ad nsulam perv nit. Ubi ex incol s cogn vit qu in loc bov s essent, in eam partem statim profectus est et r ge G ry ne postul vit ut bov s sibi tr derentur. Cum tamen ille hoc facere 10 n llet, Hercul s et r gem ipsum et Euryti nem, qu erat ingent magnit dine corporis, interf cit.
40. A MIRACULOUS HAIL-STORM Tum Hercul s bov s per Hisp niam et Liguriam compellere 15 c nstituit; postquam igitur omnia par ta sunt, bov s ex nsul ad continentem transport vit. Ligur s autem, g ns bellic sissima, dum ille per f n s e rum iter facit, magn s c pi s co g runt atque eum longius pr gred prohib bant. Hercul s magnam difficult tem hab bat, barbar enim in loc s superi ribus c nstiterant et saxa 20 t laque in eum conici bant. Ille quidem paene omnem spem sal tis d posuerat, sed tempore opport nissim Iuppiter imbrem lapidum ingentium cael d m sit. H tant v cecid runt ut magnum numerum Ligurum occ derint; ipse tamen Hercul s (ut in t libus r bus accidere c nsu vit) nihil incommod c pit. 25
38 Heracles Heracles 39
39. THE GOLDEN SHIP 1 accid , -ere, accid : to happen, fall (on)to, 8 intend , -ere, -nd , -ntum: stretch out, aim, 4 adm ror, - r , tus sum: admire, wonder at, 1 inveni , - re, -v n , -ventum: find, discover 8 Dum h c mor tur, Hercul s magnum incommodum ex cal re s lis arcus, - s m.; bow, 4 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 aud cia, -ae f.: boldness, audacity, 2 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 accipi bat; tandem igitur r comm tus arcum suum intendit et aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 lapis, -idis m.: stone, 1 s lem sagitt s petiit. S l tamen aud ciam vir tantum adm r tus est barbarus, -a, -um: foreign, savage, 1 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 bellic sus, -a, -um: warlike, 2 Ligur s, -um m.: Ligurians, 3 ut lintrem auream e dederit. Hercul s hoc d num libentissim 5 cad , -ere, cecid , c sum: to fall, 1 Liguria, -ae f.: Liguria, 1 caelum, - n.: sky, 4 linter, lintris f.: boat, skiff, 3 acc pit, n llam enim n vem in h s regi nibus inven re potuerat. calor, - ris m.: heat, 1 long : far, far and wide, 6 Tum lintrem d d xit, et ventum nactus id neum post breve tempus c g , c gere, - g , - ctum: collect, compel, 5 m gnit d , -t dinis f.: size, greatness, 13 compell , -ere, -pul : drive together, 3 moror, - r , - tus sum: delay, linger, 3 ad nsulam perv nit. Ubi ex incol s cogn vit qu in loc bov s const , -st re, -stit , -stitum: stand together, nanciscor, nancisc , nactus: attain, meet, 7 essent, in eam partem statim profectus est et r ge G ry ne it is agreed, 6 nihil: nothing, 14 consuesc , -ere, - v , -su tum: to accustom, 3 n l , n lle, n lu : not…wish, be unwilling 12 postul vit ut bov s sibi tr derentur. Cum tamen ille hoc facere 10 contine , - re, -nu : hold or keep together, 4 numerus, - m.: number, multitude, 7 c pia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 occid , -ere, -cid , -c sus: kill, cut down, 14 n llet, Hercul s et r gem ipsum et Euryti nem, qu erat ingent d d c , -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 opport nus, -a, -um: suitable, convenient, 2 magnit dine corporis, interf cit. d mitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: to drop, 3 paene: almost, nearly, 8 d pon , -ere, -su , -situm: put down or aside9 pet , petere, pet v , pet tum: seek, aim at, 10 difficult s, -t tis f.: difficulty, 7 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 40. A MIRACULOUS HAIL-STORM d num, - n.: gift, 6 pr hibe , - re, -hibu : hold back, hinder, 2 Euryti n, - nis m.: Eurytion, 2 que: and, 14 Tum Hercul s bov s per Hisp niam et Liguriam compellere 15 f nis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8 g ns, gentis f.: clan, race, nation, herd, 4 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10 c nstituit; postquam igitur omnia par ta sunt, bov s ex nsul ad G ryon, - nis m.: Geryon, 4 s l, s lis m.: sun, 10 Hisp nia, -ae f.: Spain, 1 superior, -ius: higher, upper, 3 continentem transport vit. Ligur s autem, g ns bellic sissima, dum id neus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 t lis, -e: such, 6 ille per f n s e rum iter facit, magn s c pi s co g runt atque eum imber, imbris m.: rain, 1 t lum, - n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 3 incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 transport (1): carry over or across, 2 longius pr gred prohib bant. Hercul s magnam difficult tem incommodum, - n.: inconvenience, 2 ventus, - m.: wind, 10 hab bat, barbar enim in loc s superi ribus c nstiterant et saxa 20 t laque in eum conici bant. Ille quidem paene omnem spem sal tis 2 mor tur: is lingering; pres. deponent c pi s: troops d posuerat, sed tempore opport nissim Iuppiter imbrem lapidum 4 petiit: attacked; i.e. ‘chased’ syncopated pf. co g runt: pf. c g (co-ag ) means peti(v)it ‘drive, compel’ or, as here, ‘gather’ ingentium cael d m sit. H tant v cecid runt ut magnum S l: the god Sun; here personified 19 longius: farther, comparative adv. 5 ut…dederit: pf. subj. in a result clause, progred : dep. inf. progredior numerum Ligurum occ derint; ipse tamen Hercul s (ut in t libus translate as a pf. indicative; d , dare 22 d poserat: had put aside; i.e. lost r bus accidere c nsu vit) nihil incommod c pit. 25 5 e : dat. sg. ind. obj. is, ea, id tempore: at…; abl. of time when libentissim : superlative adverb lapidum ingentium: gen. pl. 3rd decl. 7 nactus: having attained; pple nanc scor 23 H : these (rocks); supply lapid s 8 qu in loc : in which place; in qu loc v : irregular abl. sg. v s 9 profectus est: pf. dep. proficiscor cecid runt: pf. cad 10 tr derentur: that…be handed over; 24 ut…occiderint: that…; pf. subj. in a result impf. pass. in an ind. command clause, translate as a pf. indicative 11 n llet: impf. subj. of n l (inf. n lle) ut: as…; ut + ind., translate as ‘as’ or in a cum-clause ‘when’ ingent magnit dine: of…; abl. of quality 25 nihil incommod : no harm; ‘nothing as the predicate of erat of inconvenience,’ partitive gen. 17 continentem: the continent 18 f n s: borders; or ‘territory’ 40 Heracles
41. THE PASSAGE OF THE ALPS 1 Postquam Ligur s h c mod super t sunt, Hercul s quam celerrim pr gressus est et post pauc s di s ad Alp s perv nit. Necesse erat h s trans re, ut in taliam bov s ageret; r s tamen summae erat difficult tis. H enim mont s, qu ulteri rem 5 citeri re Galliam d vidunt, nive perenn sunt tect ; quam ob causam neque fr mentum neque p bulum in h s regi nibus inven r potest. Hercul s igitur antequam ascendere coepit, magnam c piam fr ment et p bul compar vit et h c comme t bov s oner vit. Postquam in h s r bus tr s di s c ns mpserat, quart di profectus 10 est, et contr omnium op ni nem bov s incolum s in taliam tr d xit.
42. CACUS STEALS THE OXEN Brev tempore ad fl men Tiberim v nit. Tum tamen n lla erat urbs 15 in e loc , R ma enim n ndum condita erat. Hercul s itinere fessus c nstituit ibi pauc s di s mor r , ut s ex lab ribus recre ret. Haud procul valle ubi bov s pasc bantur sp lunca erat, in qu C cus, horribile m nstrum, tum habit bat. Hic speciem terribilem praeb bat, n n modo quod ingent magnit dine corporis erat, sed 20 quod ignem ex re exsp r bat. C cus autem d advent Herculis f mam acc perat; noct igitur v nit, et dum Hercul s dormit, quattuor pulcherrim rum boüm abripuit. H s caud s in sp luncam tr xit, n Hercul s vest gi s cogn scere posset qu in loc c l t essent. 25
Heracles 41 abripi , -ere, -ripu , -reptum: snatch away 2 m gnit d , -t dinis f.: size, greatness, 13 adventus, - s m.: arrival, approach, 3 mons, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5 ag , agere, g , ctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 moror, - r , - tus sum: delay, linger, 3 Alp s, -ium f.: Alps, 1 necesse: necessary, 2 antequam: before, 9 nix, nivis f.: snow, 1 ascend , -ere, - , - nsus: ascend, mount, 3 noct : at night, by night, 2 C cus, - m.: Cacus, 4 nondum: not yet, 4 cauda, -ae f.: tail, 2 nulla celer, -eris, -ere: swift, quick, 12 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 c l (1): hide, conceal, 5 oner (1): to load, burden, 2 citerior, -ius: on this side, on the near side, 1 op ni , -i nis f.: opinion, reputation, 6 comme tus, - s m.: supplies, provisions, 1 s, ris n.: face, mouth 3 compar (1): prepare, collect, 4 pabulum, - n.: food, fodder, pasture, 2 cond , -ere, condid , -ditum: found, store pascor, - , p stum: feed, 1 away, hide, 2 perennis, -e: perennial, perpetual, 1 consum , -ere, -mps , -mptum: take, spend 9 praebe , - re, -u , -itum: to present, give, 7 contr : against (+ acc.), 7 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5 c pia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 pulcher, -chra, -chrum: beautiful, pretty, 2 difficult s, -t tis f.: difficulty, 7 quartus, -a, -um: one-fourth, 3 d vid , -ere, -v s , -v sum: divide, separate, 3 quattuor: four, 1 dormi , - re, - v : to sleep, 8 recre (1): to make anew, renew, 1 exsp r (1): breathe out, 1 Roma, -ae f.: Rome, 1 f ma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 super (1): to overcome, defeat, 3 fessus, -a, -um: wearied, exhausted, 2 tectum, - n.: roof, house, 1 fr mentum, - n.: grain, 4 terribilis, -e: terrible, dreadful, 5 Gallia, -ae f.: Gaul, 1 Tiberis, is m.: Tiber, 1 haud: by no means, not at all, 4 tr d c , -ere, -x , -ctum: lead or bring over, 1 horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 trah , -ere, tr x , tractum: to draw, drag, 6 ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 tr nse , - re, -i ( v ), itus: pass (by), 10 incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 tr s, tria: three, 9 inveni , - re, -v n , -ventum: find, discover 8 lterior, -ius: farther, 3 talia, -ae f.: Italy, 2 vallis, -is f.: valley, vale, 2 Ligur s, -um m.: Ligurians, 3 vest gium, -i n.: track, foot-print, 4
2 h c mod : in…; abl. manner 10 quart di : on…; abl. time when quam celerrim : quam + superlative: ‘as X 11 omnium: gen. pl. i-stem adj. as possible,’ here with a superlative adverb op ni nem: expectation; obj. of contr 4 Necesse erat: it was necessary 15 Brev tempore: abl. time when; 3rd h s: i.e. the Alps, Alp s is fem. pl. decl. i-stem adj. ageret: purpose clause, impf. subj. ag 16 condita erat: had been established 5 summae difficult tis: of…; gen. of itinere: abl. of means, iter description as predicate of erat 17 pauc s di s: for…; acc. duration of time ulteri rem…Galliam: farther-side Gaul mor r : to linger; dep. inf. from nearer-side (Gaul); the Alps divided ut…recre ret: so that…might; purpose nearer-side Gaul (northern Italy) from 20 n n modo…sed: not only…but farther-side Gaul (France) ingent magnit dine: of…; abl. of quality 6 nive perenn : abl. sg. of nix, nivis 23 boüm: of the cattle; partitive gen. sunt tect : tect sunt, pf. pass. teg n …posset: neg. purpose clause, impf. quam ob causam: for which reason subj. possum 7 neque…neque: neither…nor 25 quo in loc …c l t essent: in qu loc ; inven r : pass. inf. inveni plpf. subj. in ind. question 42 Heracles
43. HERCULES DISCOVERS THE THEFT 1 Poster di simul atque somn excit tus est, Hercul s furtum animadvertit et bov s miss s omnibus loc s quaer bat. H s tamen n squam reper re poterat, n n modo quod loc n t ram ignor bat, sed quod vest gi s fals s deceptus est. Tandem cum magnam 5 partem di fr str c ns mpsisset, cum reliqu s b bus pr gred c nstituit. At dum profic sc parat, nus b bus qu s s cum habuit m g re coepit. Subit e qu in sp lunc inclus erant mug tum reddid runt, et h c mod Herculem certi rem f cerunt qu in loc c l t essent. Ille vehementer r tus ad sp luncam quam celerrim 10 s contulit, ut praedam reciperet. At C cus saxum ing ns ita d i cerat ut aditus sp luncae omn n obstruer tur.
44. HERCULES AND CACUS Hercul s cum n llum alium introitum reper re posset, hoc saxum 15 m v re c n tus est, sed propter eius magnit dinem r s erat difficillima. Di fr str l b r bat neque quicquam efficere poterat; tandem tamen magn c n t saxum m vit et sp luncam patef cit. Ibi miss s bov s magn cum gaudi c nspexit; sed C cum ipsum vix cernere potuit, quod sp lunca repl ta erat f m quem ille m re 20 su vom bat. Hercul s in sit t speci turb tus breve tempus haesit bat; mox tamen in sp luncam irr pit et collum m nstr bracchi s complexus est. Ille ets multum repugn vit, n ll mod s l ber re potuit, et cum n lla facult s resp rand dar tur, mox exanim tus est. 25
Heracles 43 aditus, - s m.: approach, access, entrance, 2 incl d , -ere, - s , - sum: close in, shut in, 7 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 inrump , -ere, -r p , -ruptum: burst in, 2 mitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: lose, let go, 8 introitus, - s m.: entrance, 6 move , - re, -m v , -m tum: move away, 5 in sit tus, -a, -um: unusual, 1 animadvert , -ere: turn mind to, notice, 6 r tus, -a, -um: angry, 5 bracchium, - n.: arm, 2 lab r (1): work, toil, labor, strive, 2 C cus, - m.: Cacus, 4 l ber (1): to set free, release, 6 celer, -eris, -ere: swift, quick, 12 m gnit d , -t dinis f.: size, greatness, 13 c l (1): hide, conceal, 5 m s, m ris m.: custom, manner, law, 6 cern , -ere, cr v , cr tus: discern, decide, 1 m gi , - re, - v : moo, bellow, 2 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 nat ra, -ae. f.: nature, 9 collum, - n.; neck, 6 n squam: nowhere, 1 complector, -plect , -plexus sum: embrace, 3 obstru , -ere, - x , - ctum: block, close off 4 con tus, - s m.: attempt, effort, 7 omn n : altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 conspici , -ere, - x , -ectum: catch sight of, 3 patefaci , -ere, -f c , -factum: to lay open, 2 consum , -ere, -mps , -mptum: take, spend 9 posterus, -a, -um: following, next, 2 decipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: catch, deceive 1 praeda, -ae f.: plunder, spoils, 2 d ici , -ere, -i c , -iectum: throw/cast down 2 propter: on account of, because of, 6 difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 quisquam, quidquam: anyone, anything, 4 di : a long time, long, 13 recipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: accept, take effici , -ere, -f c , -fectus: make, form, 3 back, 8 ets : even if, although, though, 13 redd , -ere, did , dditum: give back, return, 4 vom , -ere, -u , -vomitum: vomit forth, 1 reperi , - re, repper , repertum: find out, 9 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 reple , - re, -pl v , -pl tum: fill again, fill, 4 excit (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 repugn (1): fight against, oppose, resist, 2 facult s, -t tis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 resp r (1): to breathe back, breathe out, 2 fall , -ere, fefell , falsum: deceive, 3 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10 frustr : in vain, for nothing, 13 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 f mus, - m.: smoke, 2 turb (1): to confuse, disturb, 2 furtum, - n.: theft, 1 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 vest gium, -i n.: track, foot-print, 4 haesitabat vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5 ignarus, -a, -um: ignorant, 1
2 poster di : on…; abl. time when qu in loc c l t essent: in qu loc ; simul atque: as soon as; “as the same plpf. pass. subj., ind. question time as” 10 quam celerrim : quam + superlative: ‘as 3 miss s: lost; PPP (pf. pass. pple) mitt X as possible,’ here a superlative adverb loc s: in…; abl. place where 11 s contulit: carried himself; pf confer 4 n n modo…sed: not only…but ut…reciperet: so that…might; purpose quod: because 12 ut…obstruer tur: purpose 6 di : of the day; partitive gen., 5th decl. posset: impf. subj. possum (inf. posse) b bus: irreg. abl. pl. b s, bovis 16 c n tus est: pf. deponent, translate in act. pr gred : dep. inf. pr gredior 17 difficillima: superlative, stems ending 7 profic sc : dep. inf. profic scor in r and l duplicate instead of -issimus b bus: irreg. abl. pl. b s, bovis quicquam: quidquam, acc. direct obj. 8 e qu : those who…; nom. pl. demonstrative 18 magn c n t : with…; abl. manner 9 h c mod : in…; abl. of manner 19 miss s: see line 3 certi rem f c runt: made…more certain; 20 m re su : by his custom i.e. ‘informed,’ a double acc., comparative 23 multum: much; adverbial acc. adj. is is an acc. predicate 24 resp rand : gen. gerund (-ing) 44 Heracles
45. 11th LABOR: GOLDEN APPLES OF THE HESPERIDES 1 Eurystheus postquam bov s G ry nis acc pit, l b rem ndecimum Hercul imposuit, gravi rem quam qu s supr n rr vimus. Mand vit enim e ut aurea p ma ex hort Hesperidum auferret. Hesperid s autem nymphae erant quaedam f rm praestantissim , 5 quae in terr longinqu habit bant, et quibus aurea quaedam p ma I n ne commissa erant. Mult homin s, aur cupidit te induct , haec p ma auferre iam ante c n t erant. R s tamen difficillima erat, namque hortus in qu p ma erant m r ingent undique circumdatus erat; praetere drac qu dam cui centum erant capita 10 portam hort d ligenter cust di bat. Opus igitur quod Eurystheus Hercul imper verat erat summae difficult tis, n n modo ob caus s qu s memor vimus, sed etiam quod Hercul s omn n ignor bat qu in loc hortus ille situs esset. 15 46. HERCULES ASKS AID OF ATLAS Hercul s, quamquam qui tem vehementer cupi bat, tamen Eurysthe par re c nstituit, et simul ac iussa eius acc pit, profic sc m t r vit. mult s merc t ribus quaes verat qu in loc Hesperid s habit rent, nihil tamen certum reper re potuerat. Fr str 20 per mult s terr s iter f cit et multa per cula subiit; tandem, cum in h s itineribus t tum annum c ns mpsisset, ad extr mam partem orbis terr rum, quae proxima est cean , perv nit. H c st bat vir qu dam, n mine tl s, ingent magnit dine corporis, qu caelum (ita tr ditum est) umer s su s sustin bat, n in terram d cideret. 25
Heracles 45 ac: and, and also, 14 mand (1): to entrust, give, commit, 2 antea: before, earlier, formerly, previously, 7 m t r (1): to hasten, ripen, 7 tl s, -antis m.: Atlas, 8 memor (1): to recall, mention, 1 aufer , -ferre, abstul , -l tum: carry away 11 merc tor, - ris m.: trader, merchant, 3 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 m rus, - m.: wall, rampart, 4 aurum, - n.: gold, 3 namque: for, 2 caelum, - n.: sky, 4 n rr (1): to narrate, relate, 7 centum: hundred, 3 nihil: nothing, 14 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 n men, n minis, n.: name, 12 circumd , -are, -ded , -datus: to surround, 1 nympha, -ae f.: nymph, 2 committ , -mittere, -m s : commit, entrust, 6 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 c nor, c n r , c n tus sum: to try, attempt, 7 ceanus, - m.: Oceanus, 1 consum , -ere, -mps , -mptum: take, spend 9 omn n : altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 cupidit s, -t tis f.: desire, passion, 5 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 cupi , -ere, - v , - tum: desire, long for, 4 orbis, -is m.: sphere; + terr rum, world, 1 custodi , - re, - v , - tum: to guard, 4 pare , - re, paru : obey, 3 d cid , -ere, -cid : to fall down, 1 p mum, - n.: fruit, apple, 9 difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 porta, -ae f.: gate, 7 difficult s, -t tis f.: difficulty, 7 praest , -st re, -stit : stand in front, show, 6 diligenter: carefully, diligently, 3 praetere : besides, moreover, 3 drac , - nis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5 extr mus, -a, -um: outermost, farthest, last, 2 quamquam: although, 4 f rma, -ae, f.: beauty, shape, form, 3 qui s, qui tis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5 frustr : in vain, for nothing, 13 reperi , - re, repper , repertum: find out, 9 G ryon, - nis m.: Geryon, 4 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10 Hesperid s, -um f.: Hesperides, 5 situs, -a, -um: situated, place, 2 hortus, - m.: garden, 7 st (1): to stand, 8 ign r (1): not know, be ignorant, 5 sube , - re, -i : to undergo, go up (to), 5 imper (1): order, command, 12 supr : above, before, 6 impon , -ere, -posu , -positus: place on, 7 sustine , - re, u , -tentum: hold up, endure, 7 ind c , -ere, -x , -ctum: induce, lead in, 2 umerus, - m.: shoulder, 3 I n , - nis m.: Juno, 3 undecimum: eleven, 1 longinquus, -a, -um: distant, remote, far off, 1 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7 m gnit d , -t dinis f.: size, greatness, 13 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11
3 gravi rem: comparative adj. 10 cui…erant: to whom there were; i.e. ‘who quam (l b r s) qu s: than (the labors) had,’ or ‘whose…were,’ dat. of possession which…; supply lab r s 12 summae difficult tis: of…; gen. of 4 supr : above; i.e. in previous discussion description as a predicate of erant mand vit: ordered; else “entrusted” n n modo…sed etiam: not only…but also e : dat. ind. object 14 qu in loc : in qu loc ut…auferret: that…; impf. subj. au-fer esset: impf. subj., ind. question (irreg. inf. ferre), ind. command 18 par re to obey; governs a dat. obj. 5 f rm praestantissim : of…; abl. of simul ac: as soon as quality as the predicate of erant 23 orbis terr rum: of the world; ‘sphere of praestantissim : most outstandiing lands’ a very common phrase for ‘earth’ 6 quibus: to whom; dat. ind. object 24 n mine: by name; abl. of respect 7 aur : for gold; object genitive ingent magnit dine: of…; abl. of quality induct : drawn; PPP ind c 25 ita tr ditum est: so it has been reported 8 auferre: inf. aufer n …d cideret: neg. purpose clause 9 ingent : i-stem 3rd decl. abl. with mur 46 Heracles
Hercul s tant s v r s magnopere mir tus statim in colloquium cum 1 Atlante v nit, et cum causam itineris docuisset, auxilium ab e petiit.
47. HERCULES BEARS UP THE HEAVENS 5 Atl s autem Hercul maxim pr desse potuit; ille enim cum ipse esset pater Hesperidum, cert sc vit qu in loc esset hortus. Postquam igitur aud vit quam ob causam Hercul s v nisset, "Ipse," inquit, "ad hortum b et f li bus me s persu d b ut p ma su sponte tr dant." Hercul s cum haec aud ret, magnopere g v sus est; 10 vim enim adhib re n luit, s r s aliter fier posset. C nstituit igitur obl tum auxilium accipere. Atl s tamen postul vit ut, dum ipse abesset, Hercul s caelum umer s sustin ret. Hoc autem neg tium Hercules libenter susc pit, et quamquam r s erat summ l b ris, totum pondus cael continu s compl r s di s s lus sustin bat. 15
48. THE RETURN OF ATLAS tl s intere abierat et ad hortum Hesperidum, qu pauca m lia passuum aberat, s quam celerrim contulerat. E cum v nisset, causam veniend exposuit et f li s su s vehementer hort tus est ut 20 p ma tr derent. Illae di haer bant; n l bant enim hoc facere, quod ab ips I n ne (ita ut ante dictum est) hoc m nus acc pissent. tl s tamen aliquando e s persu sit ut sibi par rent, et p ma ad Herculem rettulit. Hercul s intere cum pl r s di s exspect visset neque llam f mam d redit tlantis acc pisset, h c mor graviter 25
Heracles 47 abe , - re, -i , -itus: go away, go off, depart, 6 meus, -a, -um: my, mine, 2 absum, -esse, fu : to be away, be absent, 7 m lle (pl. m lia): thousand, 7 adhibe , - re, -u , -itum: to apply, hold to, 4 m ror, - r , - tus: to wonder, be amazed at, 7 aliquand : sometimes, at some time, 1 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 aliter: otherwise, in another way, 3 m nus, m neris n.: service, gift, duty, 1 ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 neg tium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 tl s, -antis m.: Atlas, 8 n l , n lle, n lu : not…wish, be unwilling 12 caelum, - n.: sky, 4 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 celer, -eris, -ere: swift, quick, 12 offer , -ferre, -tul , -l tum: offer, present 5 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 pare , - re, paru : obey, 3 compl r s, -pl ra: several, many, 1 passus, - s: pace, 7 conloquium, -i n.: conversation, 1 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 continuus, -a, -um: continuous, successive, 2 persu de , - re, -su s , -su sum: persuade, 9 di : a long time, long, 13 pet , petere, pet v , pet tum: seek, aim at, 10 doce , - re, -u , -ctus: teach, tell, 9 pl s, pl ris: more, many, 1 e , re, i ( v ), it rus: go, 3 p mum, - n.: fruit, apple, 9 exp n , -ere, -su , -situm: set out, explain 7 pondus, ponderis n.: weight, 2 f ma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 fi , fier , factus: become, be made, 9 pr sum, pr desse, pr fu : profit, benefit, 6 gaude , - re, g v sus sum: enjoy, rejoice, 4 quamquam: although, 4 haere , - re, haes , haes rum: stick, cling, 3 reditus, - s m.: return, 5 Hesperid s, -um f.: Hesperides, 5 sci , - re, - v (i ), - tus: know, understand, 9 hortus, - m.: garden, 7 s lus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6 hortor, - r , - tus sum: to encourage, urge, 4 sponte: of one’s own will, voluntarily, 2 inquam, inquis, inquit: to say, 6 suscipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: undertake, 14 intere : meanwhile, 7 sustine , - re, u , -tentum: hold up, endure, 7 I n , - nis m.: Juno, 3 llus, -a, -um: any, 3 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 umerus, - m.: shoulder, 3 maxim : especially, very greatly, 5 vehementer: strongly, violently, ardently, 11
1 v r s: acc. pl. v s 12 obl tum: offered; PPP of-fer mir tus: having marveled at; dep. PPP ut...sustin ret: ind. command 2 docuisset: plpf. subj. cum-clause 13 abesset: impf. subj. ab-sum 6 pr desse: inf. pr sum, governs a dat. obj. 14 summ lab ris: of…; gen. of desciption cum…esset: since…; causal in sense, impf. 15 continu s…di s: for…; acc. of duration subj. 18 abierat: impf. ab-e 7 cert : for sure, in fact; adverb milia passum: miles; ‘thousands of qu in loc : in qu loc paces;’ acc. of extent of space esset: impf. subj. sum, ind. question 19 s contulerat: had carried himself; i.e. 8 quam ob causam: for what reason ‘had gone’ v nisset: plpf. subj., ind. question quam celerrim : quam + superlative 9 b : 1st sg. fut. e , re often is translated “as X as possible,” f li bus: irreg. dat. pl. obj. ind. obj. E : to there; ibi is ‘there;’ inde (ibi + ut…tr dant: ind. command governed by de) is ‘from there;’ and e ‘to there’ persuad b ; pres. subj tr d 20 veniend : gen. sg. gerund (-ing) su sponte: by their own will ut: that..; ind. command after dep. hortor 10 g v sus est: rejoiced; pf. dep.; gaude is 22 quod…acc pissent: because…had semi-deponent (deponent in pf. tenses) received; plpf. subj. of alleged cause 11 vim: acc. sg. v s ita ut: thus as...; ut + indicative is ‘as’ fier : to be done; inf. fi which can be 24 rettulit: pf. re-fer employed as the passive of faci pl r s di s: for…; acc. duration of time 48 Heracles
comm tus est. Tandem qu nt di Atlantem v dit redeuntem, et 1 mox magn cum gaudi p ma acc pit; tum, postquam gr ti s pr tant benefici git, ad Graeciam profic sc m t r vit.
49. 12th LABOR: CERBERUS THE THREE-HEADED DOG 5 Postquam aurea p ma ad Eurystheum rel ta sunt, nus mod relinqu b tur duodecim l b ribus qu s Pythia Hercul praec perat. Eurystheus autem cum Herculem magnopere tim ret, eum in aliquem locum mittere vol bat unde numquam red re posset. Neg tium igitur e dedit ut canem Cerberum ex Orc in 10 l cem traheret. Hoc opus omnium difficillimum erat, n m enim umquam ex Orc redierat. Praetere Cerberus iste m nstrum erat horribil speci , cui tria erant capita serpentibus saev s c ncta. Antequam tamen d h c l b re n rr mus, non ali num vid tur, quoniam d Orc menti nem f cimus, pauca d e regi ne 15 pr p nere.
50. CHARON'S FERRY D Orc , qu dem H d s appell b tur, haec tr duntur. Ut quisque d v t d cesserat, m n s eius ad Orcum, s dem mortu rum, de 20 Mercuri d d c bantur. Huius regi nis, quae sub terr fuisse d citur, r x erat Pl t , cui uxor erat Pr serpina, Iovis et Cereris f lia. M n s igitur Mercuri d duct pr mum ad r pam veni bant Stygis fl minis, qu r gnum Pl t nis contin tur. Hoc tr ns re necesse erat antequam in Orcum ven re possent. Cum tamen in h c 25 fl mine n llus p ns factus esset, m n s tr nsveh bantur
Heracles 49 ag , agere, g , ctum: drive, lead, spend, 13 n m , n ll us, n min , n minem, alienus, -a, -um: of another, foreign, 1 n ll /n ll : no one, 6 aliqu , -qua, -quod: some, any, definite, 3 numquam: never, at no time, 4 antequam: before, 9 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 Orcus, - m.: Orcus, underworld, 11 tl s, -antis m.: Atlas, 8 Pl t , Pl t nis m.: Pluto, 6 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 p mum, - n.: fruit, apple, 9 beneficium, - n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 p ns, pontis m.: bridge, 2 canis, -is m. f.: dog, 3 praecipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: order, take, 6 Cerberus, - m.: Cerberus, 6 praetere : besides, moreover, 3 Cer s, Cereris f.: Ceres, 1 pr : before, in front of, for, 9 cing , -ere, cinx , cinctum: surround, gird, 1. prop n , -ere, -su , -situm: put or set forth, 4 contine , - re, -nu : hold or keep together, 4 Proserpina, -ae f.: Proserpina, 2 d c d , -ere, -cess , -cessum: depart; die, 2 P thia, -ae f.: Pythia, 4 d d c , -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 quintus, -a, -um: fifth, 1 difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 quisque, quidque: each one, each person, 3 duodecim: twelve, 6 quoniam: since now, seeing that, 1 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 relinqu , -ere, -l qu , -lictum: leave behind, 9 Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 r pa, -ae f.: bank, shore, 7 gr tia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 saevus, -a, -um: savage, fierce, 3 H d s, -ae m.: Hades, 1 s des, s dis f.: seat; abode, home, 5 horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 serp ns, serpentis f.: serpent, 6 iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 Styx, Stygis f.: Styx, 6 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 sub: under, 4 l x, l cis m.: light, 6 time , - re, -u : fear, dread, 6 m n s, -ium m.: spirit, shade, 4 trah , -ere, tr x , tractum: to draw, drag, 6 m t r (1): to hasten, ripen, 7 tr nse , - re, -i ( v ), itus: pass (by), 10 menti , -ti nis f.: mention, 2 tr nsveh , -ere, -vex : to carry across, 2 Mercurius, - m.: Mercury, 8 tr s, tria: three, 9 morior, mor , mortuus sum: to die, 4 umquam: ever, 5 n rr (1): to narrate, relate, 7 unde: whence, from which source, 6 necesse: necessary, 2 uxor, x ris f.: wife, spouse, 10 neg tium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 v ta, -ae, f.: life, 9
1 quint di : on…; abl. time when 12 iste: that; commonly ‘that…of yours,’ is redeuntem: acc. pred. pple. red-e an alternative for ille that often expresses 2 gr ti s… git: gave thanks; common contempt idiom, gr ti s ag in the pf. 13 horribil speci : of…; abl. quality pr : (in return) for cui…erant: to whom there were…; ‘who 3 proficisc : pres. dep. inf. had,’ dat. of possession 6 modo: just; or ‘only;’ an adverb which is 14 vid tur: it seems; ‘is seen,’ the subject is often confused with the noun modus, - the inf. pr p nere below; ali num is a 7 Hercul : dat. ind. obj. predicate nominative cum: since…; causal in sense + impf. subj. 19 tr duntur: are reported; pres. pass. 10 unde…posset: from where…; impf. subj. Ut: when…; as often with indicative in a rel. clause of characteristic 20 Huius regi nis: gen. sg. with rex neg tium…ut: task, (namely) that…; 22 cui: whose; dat. of possession an indirect command in apposition 24 qu : by which; abl. of means 11 omnium: partitive gen. i-stem adj. with 25 necesse erat: it was necessary; impersonal the following superlative difficilimum possent: were able; subj. of ideal limit redierat: plpf. red-e 50 Heracles
Charonte qu dam, qu cum parv scaph ad r pam exspect bat. 1 Char n pr h c offici merc dem postul bat, neque quemquam, nisi hoc praemium prius dedisset, tr nsvehere vol bat. Quam ob causam m s erat apud antiqu s n mmum in re mortu p nere e c nsili , ut, cum ad Stygem v nisset, pretium tr i ctus solvere 5 posset. E autem qu post mortem in terr n n sepult erant Stygem tr ns re n n potu runt, sed in r p per centum ann s err re co ct sunt; tum d mum Orcum intr re lic bat.
51. THE REALM OF PLUTO 10 Ut autem m n s Stygem h c mod tr nsierant, ad alterum veni bant fl men, quod L th appell b tur. Ex h c fl mine aquam bibere c g bantur; quod cum f cissent, r s omn s in v t gest s memori d pon bant. D n que ad s dem ips us Pl t nis veni bant, cuius introitus cane Cerber cust di b tur. Ibi Pl t nigr vest t 15 ind tus cum ux re Pr serpin in soli s d bat. St bant etiam n n procul ab e loc tria alia solia, in quibus s d bant M n s, Rhadamanthus, Aeacusque, i dic s apud nfer s. H mortu s i s d c bant et praemia poen sque c nstitu bant. Bon enim in Camp s Elysi s, s dem be t rum, veni bant; improb autem in 20 Tartarum mitt bantur ac mult s et vari s supplici s ibi excruci bantur.
Heracles 51 ac: and, and also, 14 niger, nigra, nigrum: black, 1 Aeacus, - m.: Aeacus, 1 nisi: if not, unless, 2 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 nummus, - m.: coin; cash, 1 alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 ant quus, -a, -um: ancient, 3 officium, -i , n.: duty, 2 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 Orcus, - m.: Orcus, underworld, 11 apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 s, ris n.: face, mouth 3 aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 parvus, -a, -um: small, 3 beatus, -a, -um: blessed, happy, 3 Pl t , Pl t nis m.: Pluto, 6 bib , -ere, bib : drink, 4 poena, poenae, f.: punishment, 3 bonus, -a, -um: good, kind(ly), useful 1 pon , ponere, posu , positum: to place, put, 5 campus, - m.: plain, field, 1 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 canis, -is m. f.: dog, 3 praemium, i n.: reward, 5 centum: hundred, 3 pretium, i n.: price, charge, 1 Cerberus, - m.: Cerberus, 6 prius: before, 3 Char n, -ontis m.: Charon, 5 pr : before, in front of, for, 9 c g , c gere, - g , - ctum: collect, compel, 5 procul: from afar, from a distance, 5 custodi , - re, - v , - tum: to guard, 4 Proserpina, -ae f.: Proserpina, 2 d mum: at length, finally, 3 que: and, 14 denique: lastly, finally, 1 quisquam, quidquam: anyone, anything, 4 d pon , -ere, -su , -situm: put down or aside9 Rhadamanthus, - m.: Rhadamanthus, 1 lysius, -a, -um: Elysian, 1 r pa, -ae f.: bank, shore, 7 err (1): wander, 3 scapha, -ae f.: boat, skiff, 4 excruci (1): torture, 1 sede , - re, s d , sessum: to sit, 6 improbus, -a, -um: wicked, 1 s des, s dis f.: seat; abode, home, 5 indu , -ere, indu , ind tum: put on, 8 sepeli , - re, - v , sepultum: to bury, 1 infer , - rum m.: the dead, the shades, 1 solium, - n.: throne, seat, 2 intr (1): go into, enter, 7 st (1): to stand, 8 introitus, - s m.: entrance, 6 Styx, Stygis f.: Styx, 6 i dex, i dicis m.: judge, 1 supplicium, -i n.; punishment, supplication, 5 i s, i ris n.: justice, law, right, 4 Tartarus, - m.: Tartarus, 1 L th , - s f.: Lethe (river), 1 tr iectus, - s m.: passage (across), 1 licet, - re, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5 tr nse , - re, -i ( v ), itus: pass (by), 10 m n s, -ium m.: spirit, shade, 4 tr nsveh , -ere, -vex : to carry across, 2 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 4 tr s, tria: three, 9 merc s, merc dis f.: pay, wages, 1 uxor, x ris f.: wife, spouse, 10 M n s, M n s m.: Minos, 1 varius, -a, -um: various, 2 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 vest tus, - s m.: clothing, 1 mortuus, -a, -um: dead, 7 v ta, -ae, f.: life, 9 m s, m ris m.: custom, manner, law, 6
1 ad: near, at tr iect s: gen. sg., 4th decl. tr iectus 2 pr : (in return) for 7 Hercul : dat. ind. obj. 3 nisi…dedisset: if he had not given; 8 lic bat: it would be allowed; iterative protasis in a simple past condition, or customary impf. originally pf. ind., made plpf. subj. 11 Ut: When…; ut + indicative, transe vol bat: was (Charon) willing… 13 r s…gest s: all matters carried out… quam ob causam: for which reason 15 cuius: of which; gen. qu , quae, quod 4 m s erat: it was the custom…to 16 st bant: subj. is neuter pl. tria s lia e c nsili , ut…: with this purpose 18 i s d c bant: dispensed justice (namely) that…; purpose clause 20 Camp s Elysi s: Elysian Fields 52 Heracles
52. HERCULES CROSSES THE STYX 1 Hercul s postquam imperia Eurysthe acc pit, in Lac niam ad Taenarum statim s contulit; ibi enim sp lunca erat ingent magnit dine, per quam, ut tr d b tur, homin s ad Orcum d scend bant. E cum v nisset, ex incol s quaes vit qu in loc 5 sp lunca illa sita esset; quod cum cogn visset, sine mor d scendere c nstituit. Nec tamen s lus hoc iter faci bat, Mercurius enim et Minerva s e soci s adi nxerant. Ubi ad r pam Stygis v nit, Hercul s scapham Charontis c nscendit, ut ad ulteri rem r pam tr ns ret. Cum tamen Hercul s vir esset ingent magnit dine 10 corporis, Char n solvere n l bat; magnopere enim ver b tur n scapha sua tant pondere oner ta in medi fl mine merger tur. Tandem tamen, min s Herculis territus, Char n scapham solvit, et eum incolumem ad ulteri rem r pam perd xit. 15 53. THE LAST LABOR IS ACCOMPLISHED Postquam fl men Stygem h c mod tr nsiit, Hercul s in s dem ips us Pl t nis v nit; et postquam causam veniend docuit, ab e pet vit ut Cerberum auferre sibi lic ret. Pl t , qu d Hercule f mam acc perat, eum benign exc pit, et facult tem quam ille 20 pet bat libenter dedit. Postul vit tamen ut Hercul s ipse, cum imper ta Eurysthe f cisset, Cerberum in Orcum r rsus red ceret. Hercul s hoc pollicitus est, et Cerberum, quem n n sine magn per cul manibus prehenderat, summ cum l b re ex Orc in
Heracles 53 adiung , -ere, -iunx , -iunctum: join to, 2 nec: and not, nor, 10 aufer , -ferre, abstul , -l tum: carry away 11 n l , n lle, n lu : not…wish, be unwilling 12 benignus, -a, -um: kind, 4 oner (1): to load, burden, 2 Cerberus, - m.: Cerberus, 6 Orcus, - m.: Orcus, underworld, 11 Char n, -ontis m.: Charon, 5 perd c , -ere, -x , -ctum: lead through, 4 conscend , -ere, -nd , -nsum: climb aboard, 6 pet , petere, pet v , pet tum: seek, aim at, 10 d scend , -ere, -nd , -nsum: descend, 4 Pl t , Pl t nis m.: Pluto, 6 doce , - re, -u , -ctus: teach, tell, 9 polliceor, -c r , -citus: promise, proffer, 2 excipi , ere, c p , ceptum: take out, receive 9 pondus, ponderis n.: weight, 2 facult s, -t tis f.: ability, opportunity, 5 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 f ma, -ae f.: fame, reputation, report, rumor 7 prehend , -ere, -hend , -h nsum: seize, 5 imperium, -i n.: power to command, rule, 2 red c , -ere, -x , -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 imper (1): order, command, 12 r pa, -ae f.: bank, shore, 7 incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 rursus: again, backward, back, 7 incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 scapha, -ae f.: boat, skiff, 4 Lac nia, -ae f.: Laconia, Sparta, 1 s des, s dis f.: seat; abode, home, 5 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 situs, -a, -um: situated, place, 2 licet, - re, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5 s lus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6 m gnit d , -t dinis f.: size, greatness, 13 Styx, Stygis f.: Styx, 6 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 Taenarus, - m.: Taenarus, 1 Mercurius, - m.: Mercury, 8 terre , - re, -u , territum: to terrify, scare, 5 merg , mergere, mers , mersum: to sink, 3 tr nse , - re, -i ( v ), itus: pass (by), 10 minae, - rum f.: threads, 1 lterior, -ius: farther, 3 Minerva, -ae f.: Minerva, 4 vereor, - r , -itus: be afraid, fear; revere, 5 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14
3 s contulit: carried themselves; i.e. solvere: to set sail “betook himself,” pf. confer 11 ver b tur: impf. dep. vereor ingent magnit dine: of…; abl. of quality; n …merger tur: that…might sink; clause 3rd decl. i-stem abl. of fearing, translate positively 4 ut: as…; ut + indicative 17 h c mod : in this way; abl. manner 5 E : to there; ibi is ‘there;’ inde is ‘from tr nsiit: pf. tr nse there;’ and e ‘to there’ 18 veniend : gen. sg. gerund (-ing) qu in loc : in qu loc 19 pet vit ut: asked that…; introduces an 6 esset: impf. subj. sum, ind. question ind. command quod cum: which when…; relative clause lic ret: it be allowed; impersonal impf. 8 e : to him; dat. of compound verb 20 exc pit: welcomed soci s: as comrades; predicative 21 ut…red ceret: that…lead back; ind. 10 ut…tr ns ret: so that…might; impf. subj. command; impf. subjunctive tr nse in a purpose clause 22 pollicitus est: promised; pf. dep.
54 Heracles
l cem et ad urbem Eurysthe tr xit. E cum v nisset, tantus timor 1 animum Eurysthe occup vit ut ex tri statim ref gerit; cum autem paulum s ex tim re rec pisset, mult s cum lacrim s obsecr vit Herculem ut m nstrum sine mor in Orcum red ceret. S c contr omnium op ni nem duodecim ill l b r s qu s Pythia 5 praec perat intr duodecim ann s confect sunt; quae cum ita essent, Hercul s servit te tandem l ber tus magn cum gaudi Th b s rediit.
54. THE CENTAUR NESSUS 10 Poste Hercul s multa alia praecl ra perf cit, quae nunc perscr bere longum est. Tandem iam aet te pr vectus D ian ram, Oene f liam, in m trim nium d xit; post tamen tr s ann s accidit ut puerum quendam, cui n men erat Eunomus, c s occ derit. Cum autem m s esset, ut s quis hominem c s occ disset, in exsilium 15 ret, Hercul s cum ux re sua f nibus eius c vit tis ex re m t r vit. Dum tamen iter faciunt, ad fl men quoddam perv n runt in qu n llus p ns erat; et dum quaerunt qu nam mod fl men tr nseant, accurrit centaurus Nessus, qu vi t ribus auxilium obtulit. Hercul s igitur ux rem suam in tergum Ness imposuit; tum ipse fl men 20 tr n vit. Nessus autem paulum in aquam pr gressus ad r pam subit revert b tur et De an ram auferre c n b tur. Quod cum animadvertisset Hercul s, r graviter comm tus arcum intendit et pectus Ness sagitt tr nsf xit.
Heracles 55 accid , -ere, accid : to happen, fall (on)to, 8 obsecr (1): beseech, implore, entreat, 5 accurr , -ere, -cucurr , -cursum: to run to, 2 occid , -ere, -cid , -c sus: kill, cut down, 14 aet s, aet tis f.: age, lifetime, time, 4 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 Oeneus, - m.: Oeneus, 1 animadvert , -ere: turn mind to, notice, 6 offer , -ferre, -tul , -l tum: offer, present 5 aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 op ni , -i nis f.: opinion, reputation, 6 arcus, - s m.; bow, 4 Orcus, - m.: Orcus, underworld, 11 atrium, atri n.: atrium, 3 pectus, pectoris n.: breast, chest, heart, 3 aufer , -ferre, abstul , -l tum: carry away 11 perfici , -ere, -f c , -fectum: accomplish, 3 c sus, - s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 perscr b , -ere, -scr ps , scr ptum: write c vit s. c vit tis f.: citizenship, state, 1 through, 3 c nor, c n r , c n tus sum: to try, attempt, 7 p ns, pontis m.: bridge, 2 contr : against (+ acc.), 7 poste : after this, afterwards, 7 D ian ra, -ae f.: Deianira, 5 praecipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: order, take, 6 duc , -ere, d x , ductus: lead, draw, bring, 5 praecl rus, -a, -um: bright, very famous, 2 duodecim: twelve, 6 proveh , -ere, -vex , -vectum: carry forth, 3 e , re, i ( v ), it rus: go, 3 P thia, -ae f.: Pythia, 4 Eunomus, - m.: Eunomus, 1 quonam exe , - re, -i , -itus: go out, 5 recipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: accept, take exsilium, -i n.: exile, 2 back, 8 f nis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 red c , -ere, -x , -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 refugi , -ere, -f g : flee back, 5 impon , -ere, -posu , -positus: place on, 7 revert , -ere, revers : turn back, return, 2 intend , -ere, -nd , -ntum: stretch out, aim, 4 r pa, -ae f.: bank, shore, 7 intr : within, among (+ acc.), 4 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 servi , - re, - v , - tum: to be slave to, serve, 1 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 s c: thus, in this way, 2 l ber (1): to set free, release, 6 tergum, - n.: back, 8 longus, -a, -um: long, 4 Th bae, - rum f.: Thebes, 4 l x, l cis m.: light, 6 trah , -ere, tr x , tractum: to draw, drag, 6 matrim nium, -i n.: marriage, 6 tr n (1): to swim across,1 m t r (1): to hasten, ripen, 7 tr nse , - re, -i ( v ), itus: pass (by), 10 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 tr nsf g , -f gere, -f x , -f xum: pierce, 4 m s, m ris m.: custom, manner, law, 6 tr s, tria: three, 9 Nessus, - m.: Nessus, 7 uxor, x ris f.: wife, spouse, 10 n men, n minis, n.: name, 12 vi tor, -t ris m.: traveler, 1 nunc: now, at present, 4
1 E : to there 11 praecl ra: famous (things); neuter pl. 2 ut…ref gerit: that…; result; unusual with 12 aet te pr vectus: having advanced in pf. subj., translate in the perfect tense age; abl. of respect; PPP pr vehor 3 paulum: a little; adverbial acc. tr s ann s: for…; acc. of duration of time s rec pisset: had retreated; idiom 13 accidit ut: it happened that; noun result 4 ut…red ceret: ind. command clause with pf. subjunctive 6 praec perat: had instructed 14 cui: to whom was; ‘who had,’ or ‘whose… quae cum...essent: Since these things were was,’ dat. of possession so; i.e. ‘as a result,’ common in Cicero 15 s quis: if anyone had killed, he would go 7 servit te: from…; abl. of separation 18 qu nam…tr nseant: in what way...; abl. 8 Th b s: to Thebes; place to which, ‘ad’ is manner; ind. question, pres. subj. tr ns-e not included for towns and cities 22 Quod: this; ‘which,’ English prefers a rediit: pf. red-e demonstrative in transitions 56 Heracles
55. THE POISONED ROBE 1 Nessus igitur sagitt Herculis tr nsf xus mori ns hum iac bat; at n occ si nem su ulc scend d mitteret, ita loc tus est: “T , D ian ra, verba morientis aud . S am rem mar t tu c nserv re v s, hunc sanguinem, qu nunc pectore me effunditur, sume ac 5 rep ne; tum, s umquam in suspici nem tibi v nerit, vestem mar t h c sanguine infici s.” Haec loc tus, Nessus animam effl vit; D ian ra autem nihil mal suspic ta imper ta f cit. Paul post Hercul s bellum contr Eurytum, r gem Oechaliae, susc pit; et cum r gem ipsum cum f li s interf cisset, Iol n eius f liam 10 capt vam s cum red xit. Antequam tamen domum v nit, n vem ad C naeum promunt rium appulit, et in terram gressus ram c nstituit, ut Iov sacrific ret. Dum tamen sacrificium parat, Licham comitem suum domum m sit, qu vestem albam referret; m s enim erat apud ant qu s, dum sacrificia facerent, albam 15 vestem gerere. At D ian ra verita n Hercul s am rem erg Iol n hab ret, vestem priusquam Lichae dedit, sanguine Ness inf cit.
56. THE DEATH OF HERCULES Hercul s nihil mal suspic ns vestem quam Lich s attulerat statim 20 induit; paul post tamen dol rem per omnia membra s nsit, et quae causa esset eius re magnopere m r b tur. Dol re paene exanim tus, vestem d trahere c n tus est; illa tamen in corpore haesit, neque ll mod abscind potuit. Tum d mum Hercul s, quasi fur re impulsus, in montem Octam s contulit, et in rogum, 25
Heracles 57 abscind , -ere, -scid , -scissum: tear off, 1 malus, -a, -um: bad, 3 ac: and, and also, 14 maritus, - m.: husband, 3 affer , -ferre, attul , all tum: carry to bring 5 membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 albus, -a, -um: white, 2 meus, -a, -um: my, mine, 2 amor, - ris m.: love, desire, passion, 3 m ror, - r , - tus: to wonder, be amazed at, 7 anima, -ae f.: breath, soul, life, 1 mons, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5 antequam: before, 9 morior, mor , mortuus sum: to die, 4 ant quus, -a, -um: ancient, 3 m s, m ris m.: custom, manner, law, 6 appell , -ere, -pul , -puls : drive to, 14 Nessus, - m.: Nessus, 7 apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 nihil: nothing, 14 ra, -ae f.: altar, 2 numquam: never, at no time, 4 bellum, - , n.: war, 6 nunc: now, at present, 4 capt vus, -a, -um: prisoner, 2 occ si , -i nis f.: chance, opportunity, 6 C naeum, - n.: Cenaeum ( n Euboea), 1 Octam comes, -it is m. f.: companion, 3 Oechalia, -ae f.: Oechalia, 1 c nor, c n r , c n tus sum: to try, attempt, 7 paene: almost, nearly, 8 conserv (1): preserve, keep, 1 pectus, pectoris n.: breast, chest, heart, 3 contr : against (+ acc.), 7 priusquam: before than, sooner than, 2 D ian ra, -ae f.: Deianira, 5 promunturium, -i n.: promontory, 1 d mum: at length, finally, 3 quasi: as if, 4 d trah , -ere, -ax , -actum: draw away/off, 2 red c , -ere, -x , -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 domus, - s f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 repon , -ere, -posu , -positum: put back, 2 effl (1): breath out, 1 rogus, - m.: pyre, 2 effund , -ere, -f d , -f sum: pour out, 1 sacrificium, -i n.: sacrifice, 5 erg : toward, for (+ acc.), 1 sacrific (1): to sacrifice, 1 Eurytus, - m.: Eurytus, 1 sagitta, -ae f.: arrow, 10 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 sanguis, sanguinis m.: blood, 6 furor, - ris m.: rage, fury, madness, 4 sum , sumere, sumps , sumptum: to take, 3 haere , - re, haes , haes rum: stick, cling, 3 suscipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: undertake, 14 hum : on the ground, 2 suspici , -i nis f.: suspicion, look askance, 1 iace , - re, -u : to lie, lie low, 3 suspic , - re, - v , - tum: suspect, mistrust, 7 impell , ere, -pul , -pulsum: drive on, incite3 tr nsf g , -f gere, -f x , -f xum: pierce, 4 imper (1): order, command, 12 tu: you, 10 indu , -ere, indu , ind tum: put on, 8 tuus, -a, -um: your, yours, 3 nfici , -ere, -f c , -fectum: stain, dye, 4 ulc scor, ulc sc , ultus sum: to avenge, 2 Iol , - s f.: Iole, 2 llus, -a, -um: any, 3 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 verbum, - n.: word, speech, 4 Lich s, -ae m.: Lichas, 3 vereor, - r , -itus: be afraid, fear; revere, 5 loquor, loqu , loc tus sum: speak, address, 9 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 12
2 mori ns: dying; pres. pple. morior infect; a future-more-vivid condition (fut. hum : on the ground; locative pf., fut.); in English, the protasis is present 3 n …d mitteret: so that…not; neg. purpose but future in sense clause 8 nihil mal : nothing (of) bad; partitive su ulc scend : of avenging themselves; paul : little later; abl. degree of difference noun + gerundive: employ a gerundive- 11 s cum: cum s gerund flip and translate as gerund + obj. 13 ut…sacrific ret: so that…; purpose 4 aud : sg. imperative, audi Iov : to Jupiter; dat. of interest 5 v s: 2nd sg. pres. vol , velle 14 domum: to home; place to which sume, rep ne: sg. imperatives referret: would bring; rel. of purpose 6 v nerit, infici s: if…comes, you will 16 verita n : fearing lest; fearing clause 58 Argonauts
quem summ celerit te exstr xit, s imposuit. Hoc cum f cisset, 1 e s qu circumst bant r vit ut rogum quam celerrim succenderent. Omn s di rec s bant; tandem tamen p stor qu dam, ad misericordiam inductus, ignem subdidit. Tum, dum omnia f m obscurantur, Hercul s, d ns n be vel tus Iove, in Olympum 5 abreptus est.
57. THE WICKED UNCLE Erant lim in Thessali duo fr tr s, qu rum alter Aes n, Peli s alter appell b tur. Aes n pr m r gnum obtinuerat; at post pauc s 10 ann s Peli s, r gn cupidit te adductus, n n modo fr trem suum expulit, sed etiam in anim hab bat I sonem, Aes nis f lium, interficere. Qu dam tamen ex am c s Aes nis, ubi sententiam Peliae cogn v runt, puerum tant per cul ripere c nstituerunt. Noct igitur I sonem ex urbe abstul runt, et cum poster di ad 15 r gem rediissent, e renunti v runt puerum mortuum esse. Peli s cum hoc aud visset, ets r v r magnum gaudium percipi bat, speciem tamen dol ris praebuit et quae causa esset mortis quaes vit. Ill autem cum bene intellegerent dol rem eius falsum esse, nesci quam f bulam d morte puer f nx runt. 20
58. A FATEFUL ACCIDENT Post breve tempus Peli s, veritus n r gnum suum tant v et fraude occup tum mitteret, am cum quendam Delph s m sit, qu r culum c nsuleret. Ille igitur quam celerrim Delph s s contulit 25 et quam ob causam v nisset d m nstr vit. Respondit r culum
Argonauts 59 abripi , -ere, -ripu , -reptum: snatch away 2 ind c , -ere, -x , -ctum: induce, lead in, 2 add c , -ere, -x , -ctum: to lead to, bring, 8 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 Aes n, - nis m.: Aeson, father of Jason, 4 misericordia, -ae f.: pity, compassion, 1 alter, -era, -erum: other (of two), second, 7 morior, mor , mortuus sum: to die, 4 am cus, - m.: friend, 6 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 mitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: lose, let go, 8 nesci , - re, -sc v , -sc tum: not know, 4 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 noct : at night, by night, 2 aufer , -ferre, abstul , -l tum: carry away 11 n b s, -is f.: cloud, 1 bene: well, 5 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 celerit s, -t tis f.: speed, quickness, 7 obsc r (1): hide, conceal, 1 circumst , - re, -stet : stand around, 1 obtine , - re, -u , -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 consul , consulere, -lu , -ltum: to consult, 3 occup (1): occupy, seize, 8 cupidit s, -t tis f.: desire, passion, 5 lim: once, formerly, 10 Delph , - rum m.: Delphi, oracle of Apollo, 2 Olympus, - m.: Olympus, 1 d monstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 r culum, - n.: oracle, 11 densus, -a, -um: thick, 2 r (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5 di : a long time, long, 13 pastor, pastoris m.: shepherd, 2 duo, duae, duo: two, 10 Peli s, -ae f.: Pelias, 14 ripi , -ere, -u , reptus: tear from, rescue, 2 percipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: feel perceive 5 ets : even if, although, though, 13 posterus, -a, -um: following, next, 2 expell , -ere, -pul , -pulsum: drive out, 3 praebe , - re, -u , -itum: to present, give, 7 exstru , -ere, -ux , - ctum: build, heap up, 1 rec s (1): refuse, give a reason against, 1 fabula, -ae f.: story, 1 renunti , (1): report, announce, 2 fall , -ere, fefell , falsum: deceive, 3 responde , - re, -d , - nsus: to answer, 13 f lius, -i m.: son, 10 rogus, - m.: pyre, 2 fing , -ere, finx , fictum: make up, imagine, 1 sententia, -ae f.: thought, feeling, opinion, 2 fr ter, -tris m.: brother, 5 subd , -ere, -did , -ditum: put under, apply, 1 fraus, fraudis f.: fraud, deception, 2 succend , -ere, -cend , -censum: kindle, 1 f mus, - m.: smoke, 2 Thessalia, -ae f.: Thessaly, 4 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 vel (1): to veil, cover, 1 ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 vereor, - r , -itus: be afraid, fear; revere, 5 impon , -ere, -posu , -positus: place on, 7 verus, -a, -um: true, real, 2
1 summ celerit te: with…; abl. manner 16 e : nom. pl. or dat. sg. for is, ea, id 2 e s qu : those who; demonstrative puerum…esse: that…; ind. discourse, ut..succenderent: that..; ind. command translate pres. inf. of sum as imperfect quam celerrim : as fast as possible 17 cum…aud visset: plpf. subj. audi , 9 Erant: there were translate as you would plpf. indicative alter…alter: one…the other; apply the r v r : in true fact; abl. of respect verb appell b tur to both nom. subjects 18 quae causa esset mortis: what was…; 10 pr m : first; adverb indirect question with impf. subj. sum 11 regn : for the kingdom; objective gen. 19 dol rem…esse: that…; see 16 above adductus: attracted; “drawn” PPP 20 nesci quam: some; “I-do-not-know- n n modo…etiam: not only…but also what,” indefinite modifying f bulam 12 in anim hab bat: had in mind; common 23 veritus n : having feared that…would; way in Latin to express ‘I intended’ PPP, fearing clause (n + impf. subj.) 14 ripere: commonly means ‘to rescue’ v : with force; irreg. abl. of means, v s 15 abstul runt: pf. au-fer ( /ab + fer ) 24 Delph s: to Delph ; place to which cum…rediissent: when…; plpf. subj. 25 c nsuleret: would consult; purpose rede as often translate in the correct tense 26 quam ob causam: for what reason poster di : on…;abl. of time when v nisset: plpf. subj., ind. question 60 Argonauts n llum esse in praesenti per culum; monuit tamen Peliam ut s 1 quis num calceum ger ns ven ret, eum cav ret. Post pauc s ann s accidit ut Peli s magnum sacrificium fact rus esset; nunti s in omn s part s d m serat et certam diem conveniend d xerat. Di c nstit t magnus hominum numerus undique ex agr s conv nit; in 5 h s autem v nit etiam I son, qu pueriti apud centaurum quendam habit verat. Dum tamen iter facit, num calce s in tr nseund nesci qu fl mine m sit.
59. THE GOLDEN FLEECE 10 I son igitur cum calceum missum n ll mod recipere posset, n pede n d in r giam perv nit. Quem cum Peli s v disset, subit tim re affectus est; intell xit enim hunc esse hominem quem r culum d m nstr visset. Hoc igitur c nsilium iniit. R x erat qu dam Ae t s, qu r gnum Colchidis ill tempore obtin bat. Huic 15 commissum erat illud vellus aureum quod Phrixus lim ibi rel querat. C nstituit igitur Peli s I son neg tium dare ut h c vellere pot r tur; cum enim r s esset magn per cul , eum in itinere per t rum esse sp r bat. I sonem igitur ad s arcess vit, et eum cohort tus quid fier vellet docuit. Ille ets intelleg bat rem esse 20 difficillimam, neg tium libenter susc pit.
60. THE BUILDING OF THE GOOD SHIP ARGO Cum tamen Colchis mult rum di rum iter ab e loc abesset, s lus I son profic sc n luit. D m sit igitur nunti s in omn s part s, qu 25 causam itineris doc rent et diem certam conveniend d cerent.
Argonauts 61 absum, -esse, fu : to be away, be absent, 7 nesci , - re, -sc v , -sc tum: not know, 4 accid , -ere, accid : to happen, fall (on)to, 8 n l , n lle, n lu : not…wish, be unwilling 12 Ae t s: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 n dus, -a, -um: naked, bare, 1 affici , -ere, -f c , fectum: influence, treat, 13 numerus, - m.: number, multitude, 7 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 mitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: lose, let go, 8 obtine , - re, -u , -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 apud: among, in the presence of (+ acc.), 9 lim: once, formerly, 10 arcess , -ere, - v , -itum: summon, invite, 2 r culum, - n.: oracle, 11 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 Peli s, -ae f.: Pelias, 14 calceus, - m.: shoe, 3 pere , -per re, peri , perit rum: to perish, 1 cave , - re, c v , cautum: be on guard, 1 p s, pedis m.: foot, 8 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 Phrixus – m.: Phrixus, 1 cohortor, -hort r , -hort tus: encourage, 2 potior, - r , pot tus sum: get possession of, 1 Colchis, -idis f.: Colchis, 4 praesentia, -ae f.: the present, 1 committ , -mittere, -m s : commit, entrust, 6 pueritia, -ae, f.: childhood, 1 conveni , - re, v n , ventum: come together 8 recipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: take back, 8 d monstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 r gia, -ae f.: palace, 4 difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 relinqu , -ere, -l qu , -lictum: leave behind, 9 doce , - re, -u , -ctus: teach, tell, 9 sacrificium, -i n.: sacrifice, 5 ets : even if, although, though, 13 s lus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6 fi , fier , factus: become, be made, 9 sp r (1): hope (for), expect, 5 ine , - re, - , -itum: go into, enter, 4 suscipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: undertake, 14 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 tr nse , - re, -i ( v ), itus: pass (by), 10 mone , - re, -u , monitum: to warn, 1 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7 neg tium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12
1 n llum…per culum: that…; ind. disc.; n ll mod : in no way; abl. manner main verb pf. so translate inf. as impf. n …n d : abl. absolute, add ‘being,’ ut…cav ret: that he beware of; ind. since there is no pple for sum, the subject command, impf. subj. in secondary seq. and pred. form the absolute without a pple s quis: if anyone…; quis is indefinite 12 quem cum: whom when…; the pronoun is before s , nisi, num, and n part of the cum-clause but often precedes 2 Post pauc s ann s: a few years later; the conjunction ‘cum’ in transitions ‘later by a few years,’ abl. of degree of 13 hunc esse: that…; acc. subject in ind. disc. difference 14 d m nstr visset: plpf. subj. in a 3 accidit ut: it happened that; as often, relative clause of characteristic accidit introduces a noun result clause 15 ill tempore: at…; abl. of time when fact rus esset: was going to make; fut. Huic: dat. ind. obj. of comissum erat periphrastic (fut. pple + sum), impf. subj. 16 commissum erat: had been entrusted 4 part s: directions 17 n g tium ut: task, (namely) that… d xerat: had appointed 18 pot r tur: that he possess; ind. command, conveniend : of convening; gen. gerund impf. subj. deponent potior governs an abl. Di constit : on…; abl. of time when magn per cul : of…; gen. description 5 hominum: partitive genitive 19 per t rum esse: fut. inf. in ind. disc. 8 tr nseund : in crossing some river; 20 cohort tus: having urged; deponent PPP this gerundive of tr nse modifies fl mine; quid f er vellet: what he wanted to be employ a gerund-gerundive flip: translate as done; ind. question, impf. subj. vol a gerund (-ing) with fl mine as direct obj. 21 difficillimam: superlative, acc. pred. nesci qu : some; ‘I-do-not-know-what’ 24 iter: a journey of many days; acc. extent 11 cum…posset: when…; impf. subj. 26 d cerent: who would appoint; relative possum, translate as impf. indicative clause of purpose, see line 4 62 Argonauts
Intere , postquam omnia quae sunt su ad armand s n v s 1 comport r iussit, neg tium dedit Arg cuidam, qu summam scientiam nautic rum r rum hab bat, ut n vem aedific ret. In h s r bus circiter decem di s c nsumpt sunt; Argus enim, qu oper praeerat, tantam d ligentiam adhib bat ut n nocturnum quidem 5 tempus ad l b rem intermitteret. Ad multit dinem hominum tr nsportandam n vis paul erat l tior quam quibus in nostr mar t c nsu vimus, et ad vim tempest tum perferendam t ta r bore facta est. 10 61. THE ANCHOR IS WEIGHED Intere is di s appet bat quem I son per nunti s d xerat, et ex omnibus regi nibus Graeciae mult , qu s aut re novit s aut sp s gl riae mov bat, undique conveni bant. Tr ditum est autem in h c numer fuisse Herculem, de qu supr multa perscr psimus, 15 Orpheum, citharoedum praecl rissimum, Th seum, Castorem, mult sque ali s qu rum n mina sunt n tissima. Ex h s I son qu s arbitr tus est ad omnia per cula subeunda par tissim s esse, e s ad numerum qu nqu gint d l git et soci s sibi adi nxit; tum pauc s di s commor tus, ut ad omn s c s s subsidia compar ret, n vem 20 d d xit, et tempest tem ad n vigandum id neam nactus magn cum plaus omnium solvit.
62. A FATAL MISTAKE Haud mult post Argonautae (ita enim appell bantur qu in ist 25 n v veh bantur) nsulam quandam, n mine Cyzicum, attig runt; et n v gress r ge ill us regi nis hospiti except sunt. Pauc s
Argonauts 63 adhibe , - re, -u , -itum: to apply, hold to, 4 l tus, -a, -um: wide, broad, 1 adiung , -ere, -iunx , -iunctum: join to, 2 move , - re, m v , m tum: move, arouse, 3 aedific (1): make a building, build, 2 multit d , -t dinis f.: multitude, 2 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 nanciscor, nancisc , nactus: attain, meet, 7 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 nauticus, -a, -um: naval, nautical, 1 appet , -ere, - v , -pet tum: draw near, 3 n vig (1): to sail, 5 arbitror, - r , - tus sum: to judge, think, 11 neg tium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 Arg , - s f.: Argo, 2 nocturnus, -a, -um: nocturnal, 2 Argus, - m.: Argus, builder of the Argo, 1 n men, n minis, n.: name, 12 arm (1): arm, equip, 4 noster, nostra, nostrum: our, 1 atting , -ere, -tig , -t ctum: touch at, reach, 3 n tus, -a, -um: known, familiar, 3 aut: or (aut...aut – either…or), 2 novit s, -t tis f.: newness, novelty, 3 Castor, -oris m.: Castor, 1 numerus, - m.: number, multitude, 7 c sus, - s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 circiter: about, around, 1 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 citharoedus, - m.: cithara-player, 1 Orpheus, - m.: Orpheus, 1 commoror, - r , - tum: delay, linger, tarry, 3 perfer , -ferre, -tul , -l tus: bear, betake, 2 compar (1): prepare, collect, 4 perscr b , -ere, -scr ps , scr ptum: write comport (1): carry together, collect, 1 through, 3 consuesc , -ere, - v , -su tum: to accustom, 3 plausus, - s m.: applause, 1 consum , -ere, -mps , -mptum: take, spend 9 praecl rus, -a, -um: bright, very famous, 2 conveni , - re, v n , ventum: come together 8 praesum, -esse, -fu : be before, preside over 2 Cyzicus, - f.: Cyzicus, 1 que: and, 14 decem: ten, 4 quidem: indeed, in fact, assuredly, certainly, 8 d lig , -ere, -l g , -lectum: choose, select, 6 qu nqu gint : fifty, 1 diligentia, -ae f.: diligence, attentiveness, 5 r bor, r b ris n.: oak; strength, 1 duc , -ere, d x , ductus: lead, draw, bring, 5 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6 d c , -ere, -d x , dictum: declare, proclaim, 4 sube , - re, -i : to undergo, go up (to), 5 excipi , ere, c p , ceptum: receive, welcome9 subsidium, -i n.: support, relief, protection 1 gl ria, -ae f.: glory, 1 supr : above, before, 6 Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 7 Th seus, - m.: Theseus, 1 haud: by no means, not at all, 4 t tus -a, -um: whole, entire, 14 hospitium, n.: hospitality, 5 transport (1): carry over or across, 2 id neus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7 intere : meanwhile, 7 sus, s s m.: use, employment, 3 intermitt , -ere: interrupt, break off, 5 tor, t , sum sum: use, employ, enjoy 2 iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 veh , -ere, v x , vectum: to convey, carry, 5
1 sunt su : are of use; ‘for a use’ dat. sg. of quam: than; follows a comparative adj. purpose, 4th decl. noun sus quibus: (those) which; abl. obj. of t ad…n v s: for arming…; ‘for ships to be 8 t : deponent inf. tor, governs an abl. obj. armed’ use a gerundive-gerund flip and ad…perferendam: ad + gerundive; ll. 1, 6 translate as gerund + acc. direct object vim: irreg. feminine acc. sg. of v s ut…aedific ret: that…; purpose 14 Tr ditum est: it was reported that… 5 praeerat: was (in charge) over + dat. 18 ad…subeunda: for undergoing…; sube n nocturnum quidem: not even night…; 21 ad n vigandum: for sailing; a gerund n , quidem emphasize an intervening word nactus: having attained; dep., nanc scor ut…intermitterent: that; result clause 22 solvit: set sail 6 ad l b rem: for; ‘ad’ expresses purpose 25 mult : much; abl. of degree of difference ad…: for transporting…; ad + gerundive 27 gress : having stepped out; PPP, gredior 7 paul : a little; abl. of degree of difference except sunt: were welcomed 64 Argonauts h r s ibi commor t ad s lis occ sum r rsus solv runt; sed 1 postquam pauca m lia passuum pr gress sunt, tanta tempest s subit coörta est ut cursum ten re n n possent, et in eandem partem nsulae unde nuper profect erant magn cum per cul d icerentur. Incolae tamen, cum nox esset obsc ra, Argonaut s n n 5 agn sc bant, et n vem inim cam v nisse arbitr t arma rapu runt et e s gred prohib bant. criter in l tore pugn tum est, et r x ipse, qu cum ali s d cucurrerat, ab Argonaut s occ sus est. Mox tamen, cum iam d l c sceret, s ns runt incolae s err re et arma abi c runt; Argonautae autem cum r gem occ sum esse v d rent, 10 magnum dol rem perc p runt.
63. THE LOSS OF HYLAS Postr di eius di I son tempest tem satis id neam esse arbitr tus (summa enim tranquillit s iam c nsec ta erat), ancor s sustulit, et 15 pauca m lia passuum pr gressus ante noctem Mysiam attigit. Ibi pauc s h r s in ancor s exspect vit; naut s enim cogn verat aquae c piam quam s cum hab rent iam d ficere, quam ob causam qu dam ex Argonaut s in terram gress aquam quaer bant. H rum in numer erat Hyl s qu dam, puer form praestantissim . Qu dum 20 fontem quaerit, comitibus paulum s cesserat. Nymphae autem quae fontem col bant, cum iuvenem v dissent, e persu d re c n tae sunt ut s cum man ret; et cum ille neg ret s hoc fact rum esse, puerum v abstul runt.
Argonauts 65 abici , -icere, -i , -it rum: throw away, 1 iuvenis, -is m.: youth, young man, 4 criter: sharply, fiercely, 2 mane , - re, mans , --: to stay, wait, 9 agnosc , -ere, -n v , -n tum: to recognize, 4 m lle (pl. m lia): thousand, 7 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 9 M sia, -ae f.: Mysia, 1 ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 nauta, -ae f.: sailor, 3 ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 neg (1): to deny, say that…not, 3 aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7 arbitror, - r , - tus sum: to judge, think, 11 numerus, - m.: number, multitude, 7 arma, - rum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 n per: recently, lately, not long ago, 2 atting , -ere, -tig , -t ctum: touch at, reach, 3 nympha, -ae f.: nymph, 2 aufer , -ferre, abstul , -l tum: carry away 11 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 col , -ere, colu , cultum: cultivate, cherish, 3 obsc rus, -a, -um: dark, 1 comes, -it is m. f.: companion, 3 occ sus, - s m.: fall, destruction, 4 commoror, - r , - tum: delay, linger, tarry, 3 occid , -ere, -cid , -c sus: kill, cut down, 14 c nor, c n r , c n tus sum: to try, attempt, 7 passus, - s: pace, 7 consequor, - , sec tus: follow after; pursue, 3 percipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: feel perceive 5 coörior, -or r , -ortus sum: to arise, 4 persu de , - re, -su s , -su sum: persuade, 9 c pia, -ae f.: abundance, supply; troops, 10 postr di : the day after, the next day, 4 curr , -ere, cucurr , cursus: run, rush, fly, 4 praest , -st re, -stit : stand in front, show, 6 d curr , -ere, -cururr : to run down, 1 pr hibe , - re, -hibu : hold back, hinder, 2 d fici , -ere, -f c , -fectum: fail, 3 pugn (1): to fight, 4 d ici , -ere, -i c , -iectum: throw/cast down 2 rapi , -ere, rapu , raptum: to seize, snatch, 5 dil c sc , -ere, -l x : grow light, 1 rursus: again, backward, back, 7 err (1): wander, 3 satis: enough, sufficient, 6 fons, fontis m.: origin, fount, source, 3 s c d , -ere, s cess , s cessum: to withdraw 1 f rma, -ae, f.: beauty, shape, form, 3 s l, s lis m.: sun, 10 hora, -ae f.: hour, 5 tene , ten re, tenu , tentum: to hold, keep 13 Hyl s, -ae m.: Hylas, 2 toll , tolle, sustul , subl tum: raise, lift up 10 id neus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 tranquillit s, -t tis f.: calm, tranquility, 2 incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 unde: whence, from which source, 6 inim cus, -a, -um: unfriendly, hostile, 2
1 h r s: for…; acc. duration of time 14 postr di eius di : the day after that commor t : having…; PPP deponent day; abl. time when; gen. solv runt: they set sail; ‘set loose’ tempest tem…esse: ind. disc. 2 m lia passuum: for…miles; acc. extent arbitr tus: having thought; dep. PPP progress sunt: pf. deponent progredior, 15 sustulit: pf. suf-fer translate in the active 16 m lia passuum: see note line 2 3 coörta est: pf. deponent coörior progressus: dep. PPP progredior ut…: that…; result, impf. possum 17 pauc s h ras: for…; acc. duration 5 cum…esset: since…; causal, impf. subj. 18 c piam…d ficere: that…; ind. disc. 6 n vem…v nisse: that…; ind. disc. hab rent: subordinate verbs often are with pf. inf. veni , n vem is acc. subj. made subjunctive in ind. discourse arbitr t : having…; dep. PPP quam ob causam: for which reason 7 gred : from stepping out; dep. inf. gredior 19 H rum: of these; partitive gen. pugn tum est: they fought; “it was 20 form : of…beauty; abl. of quality fought,” impersonal pass., translate active Qu dum: while he…; ‘who while…’ 9 incolae: nom. subject of s ns runt 22 e : him; dat. sg. (is, ea, id) of persuade s err re: that…; reflexive, ind. disc. 23 ut..man ret: to remain; ind command 10 occ sum esse: pf. pass. inf. occ d in s …fact rum esse: that…; fut. inf. ind. discourse; acc. subject is r gem 24 abstul runt: pf. au-fer ( /ab + fer ) 66 Argonauts
64. DIFFICULT DINING 1 Post haec Argonautae ad Thr ciam cursum tenu runt, et postquam ad oppidum Salmydessum n vem appul runt, in terram gress sunt. Ibi cum ab incol s quaesissent quis r gnum eius regi nis obtin ret, certi r s fact sunt Ph neum quendam tum r gem esse. 5 Cogn v runt etiam hunc caecum esse et d r qu dam supplici affic , quod lim s cr d lissimum in f li s su s praebuisset. Cuius supplic hoc erat genus: missa erant Iove m nstra quaedam speci horribil , quae capita virginum, corpora volucrum hab bant. Hae volucr s, quae Harpyiae appell bantur, Ph ne summam molestiam 10 adfer bant; quoti ns enim ille accubuerat, veni bant et cibum appositum statim aufer bant. Qu factum est ut haud multum abesset qu n Ph neus fame morer tur.
65. THE DELIVERANCE OF PHINEUS 15 R s igitur male s hab bat cum Argonautae n vem appul runt. Ph neus autem simul atque aud vit e s in su s f n s gress s esse, magnopere g v sus est. Sci bat enim quantam op ni nem virt tis Argonautae hab rent, nec dubit bat qu n sibi auxilium ferrent. N ntium igitur ad n vem m sit, qu I sonem soci sque ad r giam 20 voc ret. E cum v nissent, Ph neus d m nstr vit quant in per cul suae r s essent, et pr m sit s magna praemia dat rum esse, s ill remedium repperissent. Argonautae neg tium libenter susc p runt, et ubi h ra v nit, cum r ge accubu runt; at simul ac
66 Argonauts Argonauts 67
64. DIFFICULT DINING 1 absum, -esse, fu : to be away, be absent, 7 molestia, -ae f.: trouble, annoyance, 1 ac: and, and also, 14 morior, mor , mortuus sum: to die, 4 Post haec Argonautae ad Thr ciam cursum tenu runt, et postquam accumb , -ere, accubu ,: lie (at dinner), 4 nec: and not, nor, 10 affer , -ferre, attul , all tum: carry to bring 5 neg tium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 ad oppidum Salmydessum n vem appul runt, in terram gress affici , -ere, -f c , fectum: influence, treat, 13 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 appell (1): call (by name), name, 12 obtine , - re, -u , -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 sunt. Ibi cum ab incol s quaesissent quis r gnum eius regi nis appell , -ere, -pul , -puls : drive to, 14 lim: once, formerly, 10 obtin ret, certi r s fact sunt Ph neum quendam tum r gem esse. 5 app n , -ere, -posu , -positum: set before, 3 op ni , -i nis f.: opinion, reputation, 6 aufer , -ferre, abstul , -l tum: carry away 11 oppidum, - n.: town, 4 Cogn v runt etiam hunc caecum esse et d r qu dam supplici caecus, -a, -um: blind, 2 Ph neus, - m.: Phineus, 7 affic , quod lim s cr d lissimum in f li s su s praebuisset. Cuius certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 praebe , - re, -u , -itum: to present, give, 7 cibus, - m.: food, 5 praemium, i n.: reward, 5 supplic hoc erat genus: missa erant Iove m nstra quaedam speci cr d lis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 promitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: send forth, 3 cursus, - s m.: course, running, haste, 10 quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4 horribil , quae capita virginum, corpora volucrum hab bant. Hae d monstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 qu n: nay (even), (but) that, 12 volucr s, quae Harpyiae appell bantur, Ph ne summam molestiam 10 d rus, -a, -um: dreadful, 1 quoti ns: as often as, 2 dubit (1): to hestitate, doubt, 5 r gia, -ae f.: palace, 4 adfer bant; quoti ns enim ille accubuerat, veni bant et cibum fam s, -is f.: hunger, 3 remedium, i n.: remedy, cure, 1 appositum statim aufer bant. Qu factum est ut haud multum fer , ferre, tul , l tus: carry, bear, endure, 10 reperi , - re, repper , repertum: find out, 9 f lius, -i m.: son, 10 Salmydessus, - m.: Salmydessus, 1 abesset qu n Ph neus fame morer tur. f nis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 sci , - re, - v (i ), - tus: know, understand, 9 gaude , - re, g v sus sum: enjoy, rejoice, 4 simul: at the same time; at once, together, 10 genus, -eris n.: birth, race; kind, family, 2 supplicium, -i n.; punishment, supplication, 5 65. THE DELIVERANCE OF PHINEUS 15 Harp iae, - rum f.: Harpies, 3 suscipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: undertake, 14 haud: by no means, not at all, 4 tene , ten re, tenu , tentum: to hold, keep 13 R s igitur male s hab bat cum Argonautae n vem appul runt. hora, -ae f.: hour, 5 Thr cia, -ae f.: Thrace, 3 horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 virg , virginis f.: maiden, 2 Ph neus autem simul atque aud vit e s in su s f n s gress s esse, incola, -ae m.: inhabitant, 7 virt s, - tis f.: valor, manhood, excellence, 10 magnopere g v sus est. Sci bat enim quantam op ni nem virt tis Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 voc (1): call, summon, invoke, 2 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 volucris, -is f.: bird, 3 Argonautae hab rent, nec dubit bat qu n sibi auxilium ferrent. male: badly, 1 N ntium igitur ad n vem m sit, qu I sonem soci sque ad r giam 20 voc ret. E cum v nissent, Ph neus d m nstr vit quant in 2 Post haec: after these (things); neuter acc. 12 appositum: having been served; 3 ab incol s: from…; abl. of source ‘having been set before,’ PPP app n per cul suae r s essent, et pr m sit s magna praemia dat rum 4 quis…obtin ret: who…; ind. question Qu factum…morer tur: (because of) esse, s ill remedium repperissent. Argonautae neg tium libenter 5 certi r s fact sunt: were made more which it happened that it was by no means certain; ‘were informed’ a common phrase very far away that Phineus would die from susc p runt, et ubi h ra v nit, cum r ge accubu runt; at simul ac in Caesar, often followed by ind. discourse famine; abl. of cause, noun result clause 6 hunc caecum esse…affic : that this one…; 16 male s hab bat: was faring poorly; ind. discourse with 2 verbs: pres. pass. inf. idiom ‘held itself poorly’ 7 quod: because… 17 simul atque: as soon as; ‘same time as’ in…: against gress s esse: pf. dep., e s is acc. subj praebuisset: had shown; governs a double 18 g v sus est: pf. of semi-deponent gaude acc.; relative clause of characteristic, quantam op ni nem: how great a praebe (prae-habe ) reputation…; introduces ind. question cuius supplic : gen. modifies genus 19 nec dubit bat qu n: he did not doubt 8 speci horribil : of…; abl. quality; the adj. that; qu n often follows “n n dubit ” is 3rd decl. i-stem (horribile horribil ) 20 qu …: to call…; relative clause of purpose 9 (et) corpora: and bodies; ellipsis, add ‘et’ 21 E : there; frequenctly an adverb, ‘to there’ 10 Phine : to…; dat. of compound verb 22 s …dat rum esse: that he…; fut. inf. 11 quoti ns enim: for…; enim is postpositive 24 simul ac: as soon as; ‘same time as’ l. 17 68 Argonauts c na apposita est, Harpyiae c n culum intr v runt et cibum auferre 1 c n bantur. Argonautae pr mum gladi s volucr s peti runt; cum tamen vid rent hoc nihil pr desse, Z t s et Calais, qu l s erant instruct , in ëra s sublev v runt, ut d super impetum facerent. Quod cum s nsissent Harpyiae, re novit te perterritae statim 5 auf g runt, neque poste umquam redi runt.
66. THE SYMPLEGADES H c fact Ph neus, ut pr tant benefici meritam gr tiam referret, I son d m nstr vit qu rati ne Sympl gad s v t re posset. 10 Sympl gad s autem duae erant r p s ingent magnit dine, quae Iove positae erant e c nsili , n quis ad Colchida perven ret. Hae parv intervall in mar nat bant, et s quid in medium spatium v nerat, incredibil celerit te concurr bant. Postquam igitur Ph ne doctus est quid faciendum esset, I son subl t s ancor s 15 n vem solvit, et l n vent provectus mox ad Sympl gad s appropinqu vit. Tum in pr r st ns columbam quam in man ten bat m sit. Illa recta via per medium spatium vol vit, et priusquam r p s c nfl x runt, incolumis v sit caud tantum miss . Tum r p s utrimque discess runt; antequam tamen rursus 20 concurrerent, Argonautae, bene intellegent s, omnem spem sal tis in celerit te positam esse, summ v r m s contend runt et n vem incolumem perd x runt. H c fact d s gr ti s maxim s g runt, qu rum auxili tant per cul rept essent; omn s enim sci bant n n sine auxili de rum rem tam f l citer v nisse. 25
Argonauts 69 a r, a ris n.: air, 6 Iuppiter, Iovis m.: Jupiter, 8 la, -ae f.: wing, 2 l nis, l ne: gentle, 1 mitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: lose, let go, 8 m gnit d , -t dinis f.: size, greatness, 13 ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9 antequam: before, 9 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 app n , -ere, -posu , -positum: set before, 3 meritus, -a, -um: deserved, due, just, 4 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 nat (1): to swim, float, 1 aufer , -ferre, abstul , -l tum: carry away 11 nihil: nothing, 14 aufugi , -ere, -f g : flee, run away, 1 novit s, -t tis f.: newness, novelty, 3 bene: well, 5 parvus, -a, -um: small, 3 beneficium, - n.: benefit, favor; kindness, 8 perd c , -ere, -x , -ctum: lead through, 4 Calais, is m.: Calais, 1 perterre , - re: frighten, terrify, 5 cauda, -ae f.: tail, 2 Ph neus, - m.: Phineus, 7 celerit s, -t tis f.: speed, quickness, 7 pon , ponere, posu , positum: to place, put, 5 c na, -ae f.: dinner, 5 poste : after this, afterwards, 7 cen culum, - n.: dining-room, 1 priusquam: before than, sooner than, 2 cibus, - m.: food, 5 pr : before, in front of, for, 9 Colchis, -idis f.: Colchis, 4 pr ra, -ae f.: prow, bow, 1 columba, -ae f.: pigeon, dove, 1 pr sum, pr desse, pr fu : profit, benefit, 6 concurr , -ere, -curr , -cursus: run together 4 proveh , -ere, -vex , -vectum: carry forth, 3 confl g , -ere, -fl x , -fl ctum: dash together 1 rati , - nis f.: plan, method, means, reason, 2 c nor, c n r , c n tus sum: to try, attempt, 7 rectus, -a, -um: direct, straight, 2 contend , -ere, - , -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 r mus, - m.: oar, 4 d monstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 r p s, r pis f.: rock, cliff, 6 d super: from above, 2 rursus: again, backward, back, 7 disc d , -ere, -ss , -ssum: go away, depart, 4 sci , - re, - v (i ), - tus: know, understand, 9 doce , - re, -u , -ctus: teach, tell, 9 spatium, -i n.: space, span, extent, 6 duo, duae, duo: two, 10 st (1): to stand, 8 mitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: send out, 2 sublev (1): life up, raise, 1 ripi , -ere, -u , reptus: tear from, rescue, 2 Sympl gad s, -um f.: Symplegades, 3 vad , -ere, v s , v sum: go out, escape, 9 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8 veni , - re: turn out, happen, 8 tene , ten re, tenu , tentum: to hold, keep 13 f liciter: happily, fortunately, 3 toll , tolle, sustul , subl tum: raise, lift up 10 gladius, - m.: sword, 10 umquam: ever, 5 gr tia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 utrimque: on both sides, from both sides, 1 Harp iae, - rum f.: Harpies, 3 ventus, - m.: wind, 10 impetus, - s m.: attack, onset, assault, 9 via, -ae, f.: way, road, 4 incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 v t (1): to avoid, 2 incr dibilis, -e: incredible, 2 vol (1): to fly, 3 instru , -ere, - x , -uctum: equip, draw up, 6 volucris, -is f.: bird, 3 intervallum, - n.: interval, distance, 2 Z t s, -ae m.: Zetes, 1 intr (1): go into, enter, 7
3 hoc...pr desse: that this was not beneficial 11 ingent magnit dine: of…; abl. quality erant instruct : had been equipped 12 e c nsili , n : with this purpose, so that 4 ut…: so that…; purpose 13 intervall : at a small interval; manner 5 re novit te: by the novelty of the situation 15 faciendum esset: had to be done; passive 6 redi runt: pf. red-e periphrastic (gerundive + sum) 9 H c fact : ablative abs., common transition subl t s ancor s: abl. abs., PPP of toll 8 speci horribil : of…; abl. quality 19 caud : with only the tail lost; abl. abs. 10 qu rati ne: by what means; ind. question 23 g runt: gave thanks; idiom, gr ti s ag 70 Argonauts
67. A HEAVY TASK 1 Brev intermiss spati Argonautae ad fl men Phasim v n runt, quod in f nibus Colch rum erat. Ibi cum n vem appulissent et in terram gress essent, statim ad r gem Aeëtem s contul runt et ab e postul v runt ut vellus aureum sibi tr der tur. Ille cum 5 aud visset quam ob causam Argonautae v nissent, r comm tus est et di neg bat s vellus tr d t rum esse. Tandem tamen, quod sci bat I sonem n n sine auxili de rum hoc neg tium susc pisse, mut t sententi prom sit s vellus tr dit rum, s I son l b r s du s difficillim s prius perf cisset; et cum I son d xisset s ad 10 omnia per cula subeunda par tum esse, quid fier vellet ostendit. Pr mum iungend erant duo taur speci horribil , qu flamm s ex re d bant; tum h s i nct s ager qu dam arandus erat et dent s drac nis serend . H s aud t s I son ets rem esse summ per cul intelleg bat, tamen, n hanc occ si nem re bene gerendae 15 mitteret, neg tium susc pit.
68. THE MAGIC OINTMENT M d a, r gis f lia, I sonem adam vit, et ubi aud vit eum tantum per culum subit rum esse, rem aegr fer bat. Intelleg bat enim 20 patrem suum hunc l b rem pr posuisse e ips consili , ut I son morer tur. Quae cum ita essent, M d a, quae summam scientiam medic nae hab bat, hoc c nsilium iniit. Medi nocte, nsciente patre, ex urbe v sit, et postquam in mont s f nitim s v nit, herb s
Argonauts 71 adam , - re, - v , - tum: fall in love, love, 1 iung , -ere, iunx , -iunctum: to join, 3 Ae t s: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 medic na, -ae f.: medicine, art of healing, 4 aegr : with difficulty, wearily, 4 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 mons, montis m.: mountain, mount, 5 mitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: lose, let go, 8 morior, mor , mortuus sum: to die, 4 appell , -ere, -pul , -puls : drive to, 14 m t (1): to change, 1 ar , ar re, - v : plow, 4 neg (1): to deny, say that…not, 3 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 neg tium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 bene: well, 5 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7 Colch , - rum m.: Colchians, 3 ob: on account of (acc.), 13 d ns, dentis m.: tooth, 5 occ si , -i nis f.: chance, opportunity, 6 difficilis, -e: hard, difficult, troublesome, 6 s, ris n.: face, mouth 3 di : a long time, long, 13 ostend (1): show, display, 6 drac , - nis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 duo, duae, duo: two, 10 perfici , -ere, -f c , -fectum: accomplish, 3 d , -ere, did , ditum: give out, emit, 3 Ph sis, Ph sidis m.: Phasis, 1 ets : even if, although, though, 13 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 vad , -ere, v s , v sum: go out, escape, 9 prius: before, 3 fer , ferre, tul , l tus: carry, bear, endure, 10 promitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: send forth, 3 f nis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 prop n , -ere, -su , -situm: put or set forth, 4 f nitimus, -a, -um: neighboring, bordering, 2 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6 fi , fier , factus: become, be made, 9 sci , - re, - v (i ), - tus: know, understand, 9 flamma, -ae f.: flame, fire, torch, love, 1 sententia, -ae f.: thought, feeling, opinion, 2 herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 ser , serere, s v , satum: to sow, plant, 1 horribilis, -e: horrible, dreadful, 11 spatium, -i n.: space, span, extent, 6 ine , - re, - , -itum: go into, enter, 4 sube , - re, -i : to undergo, go up (to), 5 insci ns, -scientis: unknowing, 2 suscipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: undertake, 14 intermitt , -ere: interrupt, break off, 5 taurus, - m.: bull, 7 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12
2 Brev …spati : abl. absolute (going) to be joined,’ passive periphrastic 4 gress essent: plpf. subj. cum-clause (gerundive + sum) expresses obligation or s contul runt: carried themselves; pf. necessity 5 ut…tr der tur: that…; ind. command speci horribil : of…; abl. of quality 6 quam ob causam: for what reason 13 h s i nct s: ablative abs. v nissent: plpf. subj., ind. question arandus erat: see line 12 8 tr dit rum esse: fut. inf., s is acc. subject serend (erant): see line 12 9 mut t sententi : having changed his 14 h s aud t s: ablative abs. opinion; “opinion changed,” abl. abs. rem esse: that…; ind. discourse tr dit rum (esse): s is acc. subject summ per cul : of…; gen. description 10 difficillim s: superlative, difficilis 15 n … mitteret: neg. purpose clause prius: comparative adverb gerendae: of carrying out…; gerundive, perf cisset: plpf. subj. perfici employ a gerundive-gerund flip ad…subeunda: for undergoing…; ad + 20 subit rum esse: fut. inf. sub-e gerundive, employ gerund-gerundive flip: aegr fer bat: bore poorly… translate as gerund and direct object; sube 21 e …consili , ut: with…purpose, so that… 11 par tum esse: pf. pass. inf., ind. disc. 22 morer tur: impf. of deponent morior quid…vellet: what he wished to be quae cum: since these things were so; i.e. done; impf. subj. vol , ind. question ‘as a result,’ common phrase in Cicero 12 Pr mum: first; adverb 23 insciente p tre: abl. absolute, pres. pple iungend erant: had to be joined; ‘were 72 Argonauts qu sdam carpsit; tum s c express unguentum par vit quod v su 1 corpus aleret nerv sque c nfirm ret. H c fact I son unguentum dedit; praec pit autem ut e di qu ist l b r s c nficiend essent corpus suum et arma m ne oblineret. Iason ets paene omnibus hominibus magnit dine et v ribus corporis antecell bat (v ta enim 5 omnis in v n ti nibus atque in studi re m lit ris c ns m batur), tamen hoc c nsilium n n neglegendum esse c ns bat.
69. THE SOWING OF THE DRAGON'S TEETH Ubi is di s v nit quem r x ad arandum agrum d xerat, I son ort 10 l ce cum soci s ad locum c nstit tum s contulit. Ibi stabulum ing ns repperit, in qu taur erant incl s ; tum port s apert s taur s in l cem tr xit, et summ cum difficult te iugum imposuit. At Aeëtes cum vid ret taur s nihil contr I sonem val re, magnopere m r tus est; nesci bat enim f liam suam auxilium e dedisse. Tum 15 I son omnibus aspicientibus agrum ar re coepit, qu in r tantam d ligentiam praebuit ut ante mer diem t tum opus c nf cerit. H c fact ad locum ubi r x sed bat adiit et dent s drac nis postul vit; qu ubi acc pit, in agrum quem ar verat magn cum d ligenti sparsit. H rum autem dentium n t ra erat t lis ut in e loc ubi 20 s ment s factae essent vir arm t m r qu dam mod gignerentur.
Argonauts 73 ade , - re, -i(v) : go to, approach, 4 m lit ris, -e: military, warlike, 3 Ae t s: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 m ror, - r , - tus: to wonder, be amazed at, 7 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 m rus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7 al , -ere, alu , alitus: support, feed, nourish, 1 nat ra, -ae. f.: nature, 9 ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 negleg , ere, -l x , negl ctum: to neglect, 1 antecell , -ere: surpass, excel, 1 nervus, - m.: sinew, muscle, 1 aperi , - re, -u , -ertus: open, disclose, 3 nesci , - re, -sc v , -sc tum: not know, 4 arma, - rum n.: arms, equipment, tools, 6 nihil: nothing, 14 arm (1): arm, equip, 4 oblin , -ere, -l v , -litum: daub over, smear, 1 ar , ar re, - v : plow, 4 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 aspici , -ere, -sp x , -spectum: look at, 1 orior, or r , ortus sum: arise, spring up, 5 carp , -ere, -s , -tum: pluck, seize, 1 paene: almost, nearly, 8 cense , - re: to think, 2 porta, -ae f.: gate, 7 confirm (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 consum , -ere, -mps , -mptum: take, spend 9 praebe , - re, -u , -itum: to present, give, 7 contr : against (+ acc.), 7 praecipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: order, take, 6 d ns, dentis m.: tooth, 5 que: and, 14 difficult s, -t tis f.: difficulty, 7 reperi , - re, repper , repertum: find out, 9 diligentia, -ae f.: diligence, attentiveness, 5 sede , - re, s d , sessum: to sit, 6 drac , - nis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 s mentis, -is f.: seeding, sowing, 1 d c , -ere, -d x , dictum: declare, proclaim, 4 sparg , -ere, spars , sparsum: to sprinkle, 3 ets : even if, although, though, 13 stabulum, - n.: stable, inclosure, 5 exprim , -ere, -press , -pressum: press out, 1 studium, - n.: zeal, desire, pursuit, 1 gign , -ere, genu , genitum: bear, produce, 3 s cus, - m.: juice, sap, moisture, 1 impon , -ere, -posu , -positus: place on, 7 t lis, -e: such, 6 incl d , -ere, - s , - sum: close in, shut in, 7 taurus, - m.: bull, 7 iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 trah , -ere, tr x , tractum: to draw, drag, 6 iugum, - n.: yoke, 1 unguentum, - m.: ointment, 3 l x, l cis m.: light, 6 vale , - re, u : be strong, fare well, be able, 5 m gnit d , -t dinis f.: size, greatness, 13 ven ti , -ti nis f.: hunting, 1 m n : in the morning, 1 v ta, -ae, f.: life, 9 mer d s, - m.: midday, noon; south, 2
1 s c express : abl. absolute acc. subject, all governed by c ns bat quod…aleret…confirm ret: which…; 10 ad arandum agrum: for…; employ a impf. subj., relative clause of characteristic gerundive-gerund flip and translate this v su : by its own power; abl. means gerundive (adj.) as a gerund (noun) 2 H c fact : abl. absolute d xerat: had appointed 3 praec pit: governs an ind. command ort l ce: abl. abs.; deponent PPP qu (di )…: on which; the second of two 12 port s apert s: abl. absolute; aperi abl. of time when constructions 14 nihil: not at all; adverbial acc. serves as a c nficiend essent: had to be…; ‘were strong negative (going) to be completed’ a passive 15 f liam…dedisse: that…had given; e is periphrastic (gerundive + sum) suggests dat. sg. (is, ea, id) ind. obj obligation or necessity; here impf. subj. 16 omnibus aspicientibus: abl. abs. 4 hominibus: dat. of compound verb qu in r : in qu r ; relative adj. 5 magnit dine et v ribus: in…; abl of 17 ut…conf cerit: that…; result, pf subj. respect Hoc fact : abl. abs. 6 re m lit ris: of military affairs 20 H rum dentium: nature of these teeth 7 neglegendum esse: see line 3: passive t lis ut: such that…; result, impf subj. periphrastic in ind. disc.; c nsilium is 21 m r mod : in a certain amazing way 74 Argonauts
70. A STRANGE CROP 1 N ndum tamen I son t tum opus c nf cerat; imper verat enim e Aeëtes ut arm t s vir s qu dentibus gignerentur s lus interficeret. Postquam igitur omn s dent s in agrum sparsit, I son lassit dine exanim tus qui t s tr didit, dum vir ist gignerentur. 5 Pauc s h r s dormi bat, sub vesperum tamen somn subit excit tus rem ita v nisse ut praedictum esset cogn vit; nam in omnibus agr partibus vir ingent magnit dine corporis gladi s gale sque arm t m rum in modum terr ori bantur. H c cognit I son c nsilium quod dedisset M d a n n mittendum esse 10 put bat. Saxum igitur ing ns (ita enim M d a praec perat) in medi s vir s coni cit. Ill undique ad locum concurr runt, et cum quisque sibi id saxum hab re vellet, magna contr versia orta est. Mox strict s gladi s inter s pugn re coep runt, et cum h c modo pl rim occ s essent, reliqu vulneribus c nfect I sone n ll 15 neg ti interfect sunt.
71. THE FLIGHT OF MEDEA R x Aeët s ubi I sonem l b rem pr positum c nf cisse cogn vit, r graviter comm tus est; id enim per dolum factum esse 20 intelleg bat; nec dubit bat qu n M d a e auxilium tulisset. M d a autem cum intellegeret s in magn fore per cul s in r gi man ret, fug sal tem petere c nstituit. Omnibus r bus igitur ad fugam par t s medi nocte, nsciente patre, cum fr tre Absyrt v sit, et quam celerrim ad locum ubi Arg subducta erat s 25
Argonauts 75
Absyrtus, - m.: Absyrtus, Medea’s brother, 2 nam: for, 6 Ae t s: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 nec: and not, nor, 10 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 neg tium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 Arg , - s f.: Argo, 2 nesci , - re, -sc v , -sc tum: not know, 4 arm (1): arm, equip, 4 nondum: not yet, 4 concurr , -ere, -curr , -cursus: run together 4 nox, noctis, f.: night, 7 contr versia, -ae f.: dispute, controversy, 2 occid , -ere, -cid , -c sus: kill, cut down, 14 c r: why, 1 omitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: neglect, omit, 6 d ns, dentis m.: tooth, 5 opus, -eris n.: work, deed, toil, 9 dolus, - m.: trick, deceit, 4 orior, or r , ortus sum: arise, spring up, 5 dormi , - re, - v : to sleep, 8 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 dubit (1): to hestitate, doubt, 5 pet , petere, pet v , pet tum: seek, aim at, 10 vad , -ere, v s , v sum: go out, escape, 9 pl rimus, -a, -um: most, very many, 3 veni , - re: turn out, happen, 8 praecipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: order, take, 6 exanim (1): to kill, exhaust, 9 praed c , -ere, -d x , -dictum: sto predict, 1 excit (1): excite, rouse, incite, 8 prop n , -ere, -su , -situm: put or set forth, 4 fer , ferre, tul , l tus: carry, bear, endure, 10 pugn (1): to fight, 4 fr ter, -tris m.: brother, 5 put (1): to think, consider, 2 fuga, -ae f.: flight, haste, exile, speed, 6 que: and, 14 galea, -ae f.: helmet, 3 qui s, qui tis f.: rest, repose, sleep, 5 gign , -ere, genu , genitum: bear, produce, 3 qu n: nay (even), (but) that, 12 gladius, - m.: sword, 10 quisque, quidque: each one, each person, 3 hora, -ae f.: hour, 5 r gia, -ae f.: palace, 4 imper (1): order, command, 12 s lus, -a, -um: alone, only, lone, sole, 6 insci ns, -scientis: unknowing, 2 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 inter: between, among (+ acc.), 10 sparg , -ere, spars , sparsum: to sprinkle, 3 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 string , -ere, strinx , strictum: to draw out, 3 iste, ista, istud: that or those (of yours), 7 sub: under, 4 lassit d , -inis f.: weariness, 2 subd c , -ere, -d x , -ductum: draw up, 2 m gnit d , -t dinis f.: size, greatness, 13 undique: from everywhere, from all sides, 7 mane , - re, mans , --: to stay, wait, 9 vesper, vesper m.: evening, 4 medius, -a, -um: middle of, 10 vulnus, -eris n.: wound, blow, 6 m rus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7
2 e : (for) him; dat. obj. if imper verat (going) to be omitted’ pass. periphrastic 3 ut…interficeret: ind. command in ind. disc. in secondary sequence; 5 qui t s tr didit: gave himself to rest; i.e. c nsilium is acc. subject he rested 13 id saxum: this rock; demonstrative adj. 6 pauc s h r s: for…; acc.of duration vellet: impf. subj. vol , (inf. velle) sub: near 14 strict s gladi s: abl. abs. 7 v nisse: had turned out; pf. inf. veni h c mod : in…; abl. manner, cum is the ita…ut…esset: thus as it had been adverbial conjunction ‘when’ predicted; otherwise indicative, subordinate 15 pl rim : very many (men); nom. subj. verbs in ind. disc. become subjunctive n ll neg ti : with no effort; manner 8 ingent magnit dine: of…; abl. quality 21 nec dubit bat qu n: he did not doubt 9 m rum in modum: in an amazing way; that; qu n often follows ‘n n dubit ’ ‘according to an amazing manner’ tulisset: plpf. subj. fer H c cognit : abl. abs. 22 fore: would be; ~fut rum esse, fut. inf. 10 quod dedisset: which…; relative clause of 23 omnibus…par t s: abl. abs. characteristic, plpf. subj 24 nsciente p tre: abl. abs., pres. pple 10 mittendum esse: had to be…: ‘was 25 quam celerrim : as quickly as possible 76 Argonauts contulit. E cum v nisset, ad ped s I sonis s pr i cit, et mult s 1 cum lacrim s eum obsecr vit n in tant discr mine mulierem d sereret quae e tantum pr fuisset. Ille quod memori ten bat s per eius auxilium magn per cul v sisse, libenter eam exc pit, et postquam causam veniend aud vit, hort tus est n patris ram 5 tim ret. Pr m sit autem s quam pr mum eam in n v su vect rum.
72. THE SEIZURE OF THE FLEECE Postr di eius di I son cum soci s su s ort l ce n vem d d xit, et 10 tempest tem id neam nact ad eum locum r m s contend runt, qu in loc M d a vellus c l tum esse d m nstr bat. Cum e v nissent, I son in terram gressus est, et soci s ad mare relict s, qu praesidi n v essent, ipse cum M d in silv s s contulit. Pauca m lia passuum per silvam pr gressus, vellus quod quaer bat 15 ex arbore susp nsum v dit. Id tamen auferre erat summae difficult tis; n n modo enim locus ipse gregi et n t r et arte erat mun tus, sed etiam drac qu dam speci terribil arborem cust di bat. Tum M d a, quae, ut supr d m nstr vimus, medic nae summam scientiam habuit, r mum quem de arbore 20 proxim d ripuerat ven no nf cit. H c fact ad locum appropinqu vit, et drac nem, qu , faucibus apert s, eius adventum exspect bat, ven n sparsit; deinde, dum drac somn oppressus dormit, I son vellus aureum d arbore d ripuit et cum M d quam celerrim pedem rettulit. 25
Argonauts 77 adveni , - re, -v n , -ventum: approach, 1 m lle (pl. m lia): thousand, 7 aperi , - re, -u , -ertus: open, disclose, 3 mulier, mulieris f.: woman, 3 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 muni , - re, - v , - tum: to fortify, build, 2 arbor, -is f.: tree, 5 nanciscor, nancisc , nactus: attain, meet, 7 ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 nat ra, -ae. f.: nature, 9 aufer , -ferre, abstul , -l tum: carry away 11 obsecr (1): beseech, implore, entreat, 5 veh , -ere, -vex , -vectum: carry away, 1 opprim , -ere, -press : to overpower 5 c l (1): hide, conceal, 5 orior, or r , ortus sum: arise, spring up, 5 contend , -ere, - , -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 passus, - s: pace, 7 custodi , - re, - v , - tum: to guard, 4 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 d d c , -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 p s, pedis m.: foot, 8 deinde: then, thereupon, 8 postr di : the day after, the next day, 4 d monstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 praesidium, -i n.: protection, guard, 3 d ripi , -ere, d ripu , -reptum: tear away, 2 pr ici , -icere, -i c , -iectum: throw forth, 4 d ser , -ere, -u , -sertum: to desert, 2 pr mitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: send forth, 3 difficult s, -t tis f.: difficulty, 7 pr sum, pr desse, pr fu : profit, benefit, 6 discr men, -cr minis n.: crisis, peril, 5 proximus, -a, -um: nearest, next, 5 dormi , - re, - v : to sleep, 8 r mus, - m.: branch, 1 drac , - nis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 relinqu , -ere, -l qu , -lictum: leave behind, 9 gregi : excellently, 1 r mus, - m.: oar, 4 vad , -ere, v s , v sum: go out, escape, 9 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6 excipi , ere, c p , ceptum: receive, welcome9 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7 fauc s, -ium f.: throat, 2 somnus, - m.: sleep, 14 hortor, - r , - tus sum: to encourage, urge, 4 sparg , -ere, spars , sparsum: to sprinkle, 3 id neus, -a, -um: suitable, appropriate, 12 supr : above, before, 6 nfici , -ere, -f c , -fectum: stain, dye, 4 suspend , -ere, -pend , -pensum: hang up, 1 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 tene , ten re, tenu , tentum: to hold, keep 13 lacrima, -ae f.: tear, 10 terribilis, -e: terrible, dreadful, 5 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 time , - re, -u : fear, dread, 6 l x, l cis m.: light, 6 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12 medic na, -ae f.: medicine, art of healing, 4 ven num, - n.: poison, 7 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 4
1 s contulit: carried himself; pf. confer day; abl. time when; gen. sg. E : (to) there; adverb ort l ce: abl. abs., deponent PPP 2 n …d sereret: neg. ind. command 11 nact : having attained; pple nanc scor 3 e tantum pr fuisset: had been so good to contend runt: hastened; ‘strove’ him; ‘had been so much profit to him,’ dat. 12 e : to there; see line 1 interest and inner acc. “so great a benefit’; 13 soci s…relict s: abl. abs. plpf. subj. pr sum, relative of characteristic 14 praesidi n v essent: served as guard for memori ten bat: i.e. remembered; ‘in the ship; ‘for guard for the ship,’ double memory’ is in fact an abl. of means dat. (purpose and interest) s … v sisse: that he…; follows ten bat 16 id…auferre: to carry it off; subject inf. 4 exc pit: welcomed; as often, ‘received’ summae difficult tis: of…; gen. of 5 veniend : gen. sg. gerund description is a predicate hort tus est: pf. dep. hortor 17 n n modo…sed etiam: not only…but also n …tim ret: negative ind. command et…et: both…and 6 s … vect rum (esse): that…would erat mun tus: mun tus erat; plpf. pass. carry away; fut. inf. (add esse to the pple.) 21 nf cit: infected a branch with poison quam pr mum: as soon as possible 24 quam celerrim : as quickly as possible 10 postr di eius di : the day after that 25 pedem rettulit: i.e. “returned” refer 78 Argonauts
73. THE RETURN TO THE ARGO 1 Dum autem ea geruntur, Argonautae, qu ad mare relict erant, anxi anim reditum I sonis exspect bant; id enim neg tium summ esse per cul intelleg bant. Postquam igitur ad occ sum s lis fr str exspect v runt, d eius sal te d sp r re coep runt, nec 5 dubit bant qu n aliqu c sus accidisset. Quae cum ita essent, m t randum sibi c nsu runt, ut d c auxilium ferrent; sed dum profic sc parant, l men quoddam subit c nspiciunt m rum in modum intr silv s refulg ns, et magnopere m r t quae causa esset eius re ad locum concurrunt. Qu cum v nissent, I son et M d ae 10 advenientibus occurr runt, et vellus aureum l minis eius causam esse cogn v runt. Omn tim re subl t magn cum gaudi d cem suum exc p runt, et d s gr ti s maxim s g runt quod r s tam f l citer v nisset. 15 74. THE PURSUIT H s r bus gest s omn s sine mor n vem r rsus c nscend runt, et subl t s ancor s pr m vigili solv runt; neque enim satis t tum esse arbitr t sunt in e loc man re. At r x Aeët s, qu iam ante inim c in e s fuerat anim , ubi cogn vit f liam suam n n modo ad 20 Argonaut s s rec pisse sed etiam ad vellus auferendum auxilium tulisse, h c dol re gravius ex rsit. N vem longam quam celerrim d d c iussit, et m litibus imposit s fugient s nsec tus est. Argonautae, qu rem in discr mine esse bene sci bant, omnibus
Argonauts 79 accid , -ere, accid : to happen, fall (on)to, 8 insequor, -sequ , -sec tum: follow upon, 1 adveni , - re, -v n , -ventum: approach, 1 intr : within, among (+ acc.), 4 Ae t s: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 longus, -a, -um: long, 4 aliqu , -qua, -quod: some, any, definite, 3 l men, l minis n.: light, 3 ancora, ancorae f.: anchor, 7 mane , - re, mans , --: to stay, wait, 9 ante: before, in front of (acc.); adv. before, 5 m t r (1): to hasten, ripen, 7 anxius, -a, -um: anxious, 3 maximus, -a, -um: greatest, 9 arbitror, - r , - tus sum: to judge, think, 11 m l s, m litis m.: soldier, 2 aufer , -ferre, abstul , -l tum: carry away 11 m ror, - r , - tus: to wonder, be amazed at, 7 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 m rus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7 bene: well, 5 mora, -ae f.: delay, hesitation, hindrance, 14 c sus, - s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 nec: and not, nor, 10 cense , - re: to think, 2 neg tium, i n.: task, business, occupation, 13 concurr , -ere, -curr , -cursus: run together 4 occ sus, - s m.: fall, destruction, 4 conscend , -ere, -nd , -nsum: climb aboard, 6 occurr , -ere: run into, meet, attack, 2 conspici , -ere, - x , -ectum: catch sight of, 3 qu n: nay (even), (but) that, 12 d d c , -ere: lead or bring down, launch, 10 recipi , -ere, -c p , -ceptum: accept, take d sp r (1): to despair, give up, 4 back, 8 discr men, -cr minis n.: crisis, peril, 5 reditus, - s m.: return, 5 dubit (1): to hestitate, doubt, 5 refulge , - re, -fuls : flash back, shine, 1 dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 5 relinqu , -ere, -l qu , -lictum: leave behind, 9 veni , - re: turn out, happen, 8 rursus: again, backward, back, 7 ex rd sc , -ere, - rs , - rsum: catch fire, 2 satis: enough, sufficient, 6 excipi , ere, c p , ceptum: receive, welcome9 sci , - re, - v (i ), - tus: know, understand, 9 f liciter: happily, fortunately, 3 silva, -ae f.: wood, forest, woodland, 7 fer , ferre, tul , l tus: carry, bear, endure, 10 s l, s lis m.: sun, 10 frustr : in vain, for nothing, 13 tam: so, so much, so very, such, 8 fugi , fugere, f g , --: to flee, hurry away, 9 toll , tolle, sustul , subl tum: raise, lift up 10 gaudium, -i n.: gladness, joy, 9 tutus, -a, -um: safe, secure, 3 gr tia, -ae f.: graditude, favor, thanks, 10 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12 impon , -ere, -posu , -positus: place on, 7 vigilia, -ae f.: watch, night-watch, 1 inim cus, -a, -um: unfriendly, hostile, 2
2 ea: these (things); neuter pl. demonstrative quae…esset: ind. question, impf. subj. sum ad: near, at 10 Qu : to where; ‘to which place’ 3 anxi anim : with anxious heart; manner I son , M d ae: dat. of compound verb id neg tium: this task; acc. subj. advenientibus: dat. pl. pres. pple 4 summ per cul : of…; gen. description 12 omn …subl t : abl. abs., PPP toll 5 nec dubit bat qu n: he did not doubt ‘remove,’ in other instances ‘lifted up’ that; qu n often follows “n n dubit ” 13 exc p runt: welcomed 6 aliqu : some; nom. sg. adj. modifies c sus gr ti s g runt: gave thanks; idiom, ag quae cum...: Since these things were quod… v nisset: because it had turned so; i.e. ‘as a result,’ common in Cicero out; plpf. subj. of alleged cause 7 m t randum (esse) sibi: that he had to 17 H s…gest s: abl. abs., PPP ger hurry; ‘(it is) (going) to be hurried by him’ 18 subl t s ancor s: abl. abs., toll ‘lifted up’ passive periphrastic (gerundive + sum) with 19 man re: subject of esse, t tum is the pred. dat. of agent: translate in active 20 inim c anim : of…; abl. quality duc : to the leader; dat. ind. obj. dux 21 s rec pisse: had retreated; idiom 8 m rum in modum: in an amazing way ad auferendum: for carrying off… 9 refulg ns: pres. pple, modifies neut. l men 22 gravius: more strongly; comp. adv. m r t : having wondered; dep. PPP 23 m litibus imposit s: abl. abs. 80 Argonauts
v ribus r m s contend bant; cum tamen n vis qu veh bantur 1 ingent esset magnit dine, n n e dem celerit te qu Colch pr gred poterant. Qu factum est ut minimum abesset qu n Colch s sequentibus caperentur, neque enim longius intererat quam qu t lum adic posset. At M d a cum v disset qu in loc r s 5 essent, paene omn sp d posit , infandum hoc c nsilium c pit.
75. A FEARFUL EXPEDIENT Erat in n v Argonaut rum f lius qu dam r gis Aeëtae, n mine Absyrtus, quem, ut supr d m nstr vimus, M d a ex urbe fugi ns 10 s cum abd xerat. Hunc puerum M d a interficere c nstituit e c nsili , ut membr s eius in mare coni ct s cursum Colch rum imped ret; cert enim sci bat Aeëtem, cum membra f l v disset, n n longius pr sec t rum esse. Neque op ni M d am fefellit, omnia enim ita v n runt ut sp r verat. Aeët s ubi pr mum 15 membra v dit, ad ea colligenda n vem ten r iussit. Dum tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae n n intermiss remigand l b re mox c nspect hostium aufer bantur, neque prius fugere d stit runt quam ad fl men Erid num perv n runt. Aeëtes nihil sibi pr fut rum esse arbitr tus s longius pr gressus esset, anim 20 d miss domum revertit, ut f l corpus ad sepult ram daret.
76. THE BARGAIN WITH PELIAS Tandem post multa per cula I son in eundem locum perv nit unde profectus erat. Tum n v gressus ad r gem Peliam, qu r gnum 25 adhuc obtin bat, statim s contulit, et vellere aure m nstr t ab e
Argonauts 81 abduc , -ere, d x , ductum: to lead away, 1 intermitt , -ere: interrupt, break off, 5 absum , -ere, -mps , -mptum: take away, 1 intersum, interesse, -fu : be between, 1 Absyrtus, - m.: Absyrtus, Medea’s brother, 2 long : far, far and wide, 6 adhuc: still, 5 m gnit d , -t dinis f.: size, greatness, 13 adici , -ere, -i c , -iectum: throw at, hurl, 1 membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 Ae t s: Aeetes, king of Cochis, 10 minimus, -a, -um: very little, 1 arbitror, - r , - tus sum: to judge, think, 11 monstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 3 aufer , -ferre, abstul , -l tum: carry away 11 nihil: nothing, 14 aureus, -a, -um: golden, 13 n men, n minis, n.: name, 12 celerit s, -t tis f.: speed, quickness, 7 obtine , - re, -u , -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 certus, -a, -um: fixed, sure, 11 op ni , -i nis f.: opinion, reputation, 6 Colch , - rum m.: Colchians, 3 paene: almost, nearly, 8 Colchis, -idis f.: Colchis, 4 Peli s, -ae f.: Pelias, 14 conlig , -ere: gather, tie together, 1 prius: before, 3 conspectus, - s m.: sight, view, 6 prosequor, sequ , -sec tum: follow, pursue 1 contend , -ere, - , -tus: strive; hasten; fight 11 pr sum, pr desse, pr fu : profit, benefit, 6 cursus, - s m.: course, running, haste, 10 qu n: nay (even), (but) that, 12 d mitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: to drop, 3 r mig (1): row, 1 d monstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 r mus, - m.: oar, 4 d pon , -ere, -su , -situm: put down, deposit9 revert , -ere, revers : turn back, return, 2 d sist , -ere, -stit , -stitum: desist, stop, 5 sci , - re, - v (i ), - tus: know, understand, 9 domus, - s f.: house, home, dwelling, 11 sepult ra, -ae f.: burial, 2 ridanus, - m.: Eridanus, 1 sequor, - , sec tus: follow, pursue, attend, 4 veni , - re: turn out, happen, 8 sp r (1): hope (for), expect, 5 fall , -ere, fefell , falsum: deceive, fail, 3 supr : above, before, 6 f lius, -i m.: son, 10 t lum, - n.: weapon, arrow, spear, 3 fugi , fugere, f g , --: to flee, hurry away, 9 tene , ten re, tenu , tentum: to hold, keep 13 hostis, -is m./f.: stranger, enemy, foe, 5 unde: whence, from which source, 6 impedi , - re, - v , - tum: hinder, impede, 1 veh , -ere, v x , vectum: to convey, carry, 5 infandus, -a, -um: unspeakable, 1 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12
1 v ribus: with all their strength; manner c nsilium c pit: adopted a plan; ‘took up’ contend bant: hastened 9 n mine: by name; abl. respect cum: since 10 ut: as; ut + indicative qu : relative pronoun, abl. means fugi ns: pres. pple fugi , -ere 2 ingent magnit dine: of…; abl. quality, 11 e c nsili : with this purpose, (namely) pred. of esset; 3rd decl. i-stem ablative so that; precedes purpose cl. celerit te: with…; abl. manner 12 membris…coni ct s: abl. abs. qu : with which; abl. manner 14 longius: farther; comparative adv. pr gred : pres. deponent inf. op ni : expectation 3 Qu factum…morer tur: because of 15 ita…ut: just as; ut + indicative which it happened that it was not at all far pr mum: first; adverb from being captured by the pursuing 16 ad ea colligenda: for gathering them; Colchians; ‘were least away that they…’ employ a gerund-gerundive flip abl. of cause; the ut-clause is a noun result 17 remigand : gen. gerund clause; minimum is adv. acc. 18 prius…quam: earlier than, before Longius intererat quam: for it was no fugere: from fleeing; English idiom farther between than…; comparative 19 nihil: that it would be no profit for him; 5 qu t lum: (that) in which, (that) to which inner acc. or adv. acc. (not at all), cf. p. 77 posset: impf. subj. possum + pass. inf. 20 anim d miss : with dejected heart 6 paene omn …d posit : abl. abs. 26 s contulit: carried himself; confer 82 Argonauts postul vit ut r gnum sibi tr der tur; Peli s enim pollicitus erat, s 1 I son vellus rettulisset, s r gnum e tr dit rum. Postquam I son quid fier vellet ostendit, Peli s pr m nihil respondit, sed di in e dem tr stiti tacitus permansit; tandem ita loc tus est: “Vid s m aet te iam esse c nfectum, neque dubium est qu n di s supr mus 5 mihi appropinquet. Liceat igitur mihi, dum v vam, hoc r gnum obtin re; cum autem tandem d cesser , tu mihi succ d s.” H c r ti ne adductus I son respondit s id fact rum quod ille rog sset.
77. MAGIC ARTS 10 H s r bus cognit s M d a rem aegr tulit, et r gn cupidit te adducta mortem r g per dolum nferre c nstituit. H c c nstit t ad f li s r gis v nit atque ita loc ta est: “Vid tis patrem vestrum aet te iam esse c nfectum neque ad l b rem r gnand perferendum satis val re. Vultisne eum r rsus iuvenem fier ?” Tum f liae r gis 15 ita respond runt: “Num hoc fier potest? Quis enim umquam sene iuvenis factus est?” At M d a respondit: “M medic nae summam hab re scientiam sc tis. Nunc igitur v b s d m nstr b qu mod haec r s fier possit.” Postquam f nem loquend f cit, arietem aet te iam confectum interf cit et membra eius in v se a ne 20 posuit, atque ign supposit in aquam herb s qu sdam inf dit. Tum, dum aqua efferv sceret, carmen magicum cant bat. Mox aries v se exsiluit et, v ribus refect s, per agr s curr bat.
Argonauts 83 add c , -ere, -x , -ctum: to lead to, bring, 8 num: question expecting negative answer, 2 aegr : with difficulty, wearily, 4 nunc: now, at present, 4 a neus, -a, -um: of bronze, 3 obtine , - re, -u , -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 aet s, aet tis f.: age, lifetime, time, 4 r tio, -ionis f.: speaking, speech, language, 2 ager, -gr m.: land, field, territory, 11 ostend (1): show, display, 6 appropinqu (1): come near, approach, 8 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 aqua, -ae f.: water, 11 Peli s, -ae f.: Pelias, 14 ari s, -ietis m.: ram, battering-ram, 2 perfer , -ferre, -tul , -l tus: bear, betake, 2 cant (1): sing, 1 permane , - re, -mans : to remain, 1 carmen, carminis n.: song, 2 polliceor, -c r , -citus: promise, proffer, 2 cupidit s, -t tis f.: desire, passion, 5 pon , ponere, posu , positum: to place, put, 5 curr , -ere, cucurr , cursus: run, rush, fly, 4 postul (1): demand, claim, request, ask, 11 d c d , -ere, -cess , -cessum: depart; die, 2 qu n: nay (even), (but) that, 12 d monstr (1): to show, demonstrate, 13 refici , -ere, f c , fectum: renew, make new 2 di : a long time, long, 13 r gn (1): to rule, reign, 3 dolus, - m.: trick, deceit, 4 responde , - re, -d , - nsus: to answer, 13 dubius, -a, -um: doubtful, uncertain, 3 rog (1): to ask, 1 efferv sc , -ere, -ferbu : to boil up or over, 1 rursus: again, backward, back, 7 exsili , - re, -silu : leap out or forth, 1 satis: enough, sufficient, 6 fer , ferre, tul , l tus: carry, bear, endure, 10 scientia, -ae f.: knowledge, wisdom, 6 f nis, -is m./f.: end, limit, border, boundary, 12 sci , - re, - v (i ), - tus: know, understand, 9 fi , fier , factus: become, be made, 9 senex, senis m.: old man, 1 herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 succ d , -ere, -cess : to come up, succeed, 1 ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 suppon , -ere, -su , -situm; set beneath, 1 infer , -ferre, -tul , -l tus: bring on, wage, 3 supr mus, -a, -um: highest, last, 1 infund , -ere, -f d , f sum: pour into, 1 tace , - re, -u , -itum: be silent, 2 iuvenis, -is m.: youth, young man, 4 tristitia, -ae f.: sadness, 1 licet, - re, -uit: is allowed, permitted, 5 tu: you, 10 loquor, loqu , loc tus sum: speak, address, 9 umquam: ever, 5 magicus, -a, -um: magic, 5 vale , - re, u : be strong, fare well, be able, 5 medic na, -ae f.: medicine, art of healing, 4 v s, v sis n.: vessel, 5 membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 vellus, velleris n.: fleece, 12 mors, mortis, f.: death, 9 vester, vestra, vestrum: your, 2 ne: introduces a yes/no question, 1 v vus, -a, -um: living, alive, 4 nihil: nothing, 14 v s: you, you all, 3
1 ut: that…; ind. command 8 id…quod: that which… 2 rettulisset: if…had brought back; fut. fact rum (esse): fut. inf. in indirect disc. pf. indicate in future-more-vivid rog (vi)sset: syncopated plpf subj. condition made plpf subj in ind. disc. 10 H s…cognit s: abl. abs. e : dat. sg. indirect object 11 tulit: bore poorly; pf. fer tradit rum (esse): fut. inf.; add esse 12 r g : upon the king; dat. of compound verb 3 quid…vellet: what he wished to be 14 c nfectum (esse): see note, line 5 done; impf. subj. vol , ind. question ad…perferendum: for accomplishing… 5 c nfectum (esse): have been exhausted; r gnand : gen. sg. gerund (-ing) neque…qu n: there is not doubt that… 15 satis val re: is not strong enough 6 mihi: to me; dat. of compound verb Vultis: 2nd pl. present vol liceat: let it be allowed; jussive pres. subj. fier : to be made/done; inf. fi v vam: 1st sg. pres. subjunctive 16 Num: surely….not?; expects a ‘no’ answer 7 d cesser : I depart (from life); fut. pf. 18 qu mod : in what way; indirect question mihi: me; dat with compound verb 23 v ribus refect s: strength recovered; abs. 84 Argonauts
78. A DANGEROUS EXPERIMENT 1 Dum f liae r gis hoc m r culum stupent s intuentur, M d a ita loc ta est: “Vid tis quantum valeat medic na. V s igitur, s vultis patrem vestrum in adul scentiam red cere, id quod f c ipsae faci tis. V s patris membra in v s conicite; ego herb s magic s 5 praeb b .” Quod ubi aud tum est, f liae r gis c nsilium quod dedisset M d a n n mittendum put v runt. Patrem igitur Peliam nec v runt et membra eius in v s a neum coni c runt; nihil autem dubit bant qu n hoc maxim e pr fut rum esset. At r s omn n aliter v nit ac sp r verant, M d a enim n n e sdem herb s dedit 10 quibus ipsa sa erat. Itaque postquam di fr str exspect v runt, patrem suum r v r mortuum esse intell x runt. H s r bus gest s M d a s cum coniuge su r gnum accept ram esse sp r bat; sed c v s cum intellegerent qu mod Pelias periisset, tantum scelus aegr tul runt. Itaque I sone et M d r gn expuls s, Acastum 15 r gem cre v runt.
79. A FATAL GIFT I son et M d a Thessali expuls ad urbem Corinthum v n runt, cuius urbis Cre n qu dam r gnum tum obtin bat. Erat autem 20 Creont f lia na, n mine Glauc . Quam cum v disset, Iason c nstituit M d ae ux r suae n ntium mittere e c nsili , ut Glauc n in m trim nium d ceret. At M d a ubi intell xit quae ille in anim hab ret, r graviter comm ta i re iurand c nfirm vit s tantam ini riam ult ram. Hoc igitur c nsilium c pit. Vestem 25
Argonauts 85
Acastus, - m.: Acastus, 1 membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 adulescentia, -ae f.: youth, 1 m r culum, - n.: wonder, marvel, miracle, 1 aegr : with difficulty, wearily, 4 mortuus, -a, -um: dead, 7 a neus, -a, -um: of bronze, 3 nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 aliter: otherwise, in another way, 3 nihil: nothing, 14 c vis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 5 n men, n minis, n.: name, 12 confirm (1): make strong, strengthen, 5 nuntius, -i m.: messenger, 12 coni nx, -iugis m/f: husband, wife, spouse, 1 obtine , - re, -u , -tentum: hold, maintain, 9 Corinthus, - m.: Corinth, 1 omitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: neglect, omit, 6 cre (1): to create, 2 omn n : altogether, wholely, entirely, 11 Creon, -ontis m.: Creon, 5 pater, patris, m.: father, 12 di : a long time, long, 13 Peli s, -ae f.: Pelias, 14 dubit (1): to hestitate, doubt, 5 pere , -per re, peri , perit rum: to perish, 1 duc , -ere, d x , ductus: lead, draw, bring, 5 praebe , - re, -u , -itum: to present, give, 7 ego: I, 9 pr sum, pr desse, pr fu : profit, benefit, 6 veni , - re: turn out, happen, 8 put (1): to think, consider, 2 expell , -ere, pul , pulsum: drive out, expel 3 quantus, -a, -um: how much, how great, 4 fer , ferre, tul , l tus: carry, bear, endure, 10 qu n: nay (even), (but) that, 12 frustr : in vain, for nothing, 13 red c , -ere, -x , -ctus: lead or bring back, 11 Glauc , - s f.: Glauce, 4 scelus, sceleris n.: wickedness, crime, 4 herba, -ae f.: plant, grass, 6 sp r (1): hope (for), expect, 5 ini ria, -ae f.: wrong, insult, injustice, 2 stupe , - re, -u : be stunned, be astounded, 1 intueor, -tu r , -tuitus sum: look upon, 1 Thessalia, -ae f.: Thessaly, 4 ra, rae f.: anger, 12 ulc scor, ulc sc , ultus sum: to avenge, 2 Itaque: and so, 8 tor, t , sum sum:use, employ, enjoy 2 iur (1): to swear, 2 uxor, x ris f.: wife, spouse, 10 i s, i ris n.: justice, law, right, 4 vale , - re, u : be strong, fare well, be able, 5 loquor, loqu , loc tus sum: speak, address, 9 v s, v sis n.: vessel, 5 magicus, -a, -um: magic, 5 verus, -a, -um: true, real, 2 matrim nium, -i n.: marriage, 6 vester, vestra, vestrum: your, 2 maxim : especially, very greatly, 5 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 12 medic na, -ae f.: medicine, art of healing, 4 v s: you, you all, 3
3 quantum valeat medic na: how strong ipsa: (she) herself is…; inner acc. ind. question, pres. subj. sa est: pf. dep. tor, governs abl. vultis: 2nd pl. vol 12 r v r : in true fact; i.e. actually 4 id quod: that which…; demonstrative h s…gest s: abl. abs., PPP ger 5 conicite: plural imperative, -ici from iaci 13 accept ram esse: would receive; s 6 quod: this; ‘which,’ nom. subject is acc. subj.; fut. inf. quod…M d a: plpf. subj., relative 14 qu mod : in what way; abl. manner clause of characteristic periisset: plpf. subj. per-e , ind. quest 7 mittendum (esse): must be…: ‘was 15 tul runt: pf. fer , again to bear poorly (going) to be omitted,’ pass. periphrastic I sone…expuls s: abl. abs. in ind. disc.; c nsilium is acc. subject, 20 cuius urbis: of which city; + regnum 9 dubit bant qu n: they did not at all 21 Cre nt : there was to Creon; ‘Creon doubt that; nihil is an adv. acc. or inner acc. had,’ dat. of possession (had no doubt); qu n often follows dubit re 24 i re iurand : by sworn oath; ‘by oath pr fut rum esset: would be profitable; (going) to be worn,’ abl. means ‘was going to be profitable,’ periphrastic 25 ult rum (esse): fut. inf. ulc scor fut. (fut pple + sum); impf subj c pit: adopted; ‘took up’ 11 quibus: which; abl. obj. of sa est 86 Argonauts par vit summ arte textam et vari s col ribus nfectam; hanc 1 mortifer qu dam ven n t nxit, cuius v s t lis erat ut s quis eam vestem induisset, corpus eius quasi ign rer tur. H c fact vestem ad Glauc n m sit; illa autem nihil mal suspic ns d num libenter acc pit, et vestem n vam m re f min rum statim induit. 5
80. MEDEA KILLS HER SONS Vix vestem induerat Glauc cum dol rem gravem per omnia membra s nsit, et paul post cr d l cruci t affecta v t excessit. H s r bus gest s M d a fur re atque menti impulsa f li s su s 10 nec vit; tum magnum sibi fore per culum arbitr ta s in Thessali man ret, ex e regi ne fugere c nstituit. H c c nstit t S lem or vit ut in tant per cul auxilium sibi praeb ret. S l autem h s precibus comm tus currum m sit cui erant i nct drac n s l s nstruct . M d a n n omittendam tantam occ si nem arbitr ta 15 currum ascendit, itaque per ëra vecta incolumis ad urbem Ath n s perv nit. I son ipse brev tempore m r mod occ sus est. Accidit s ve c s s ve c nsili de rum ut sub umbr n vis suae, quae in l tus subducta erat, dorm ret. Mox n vis, quae adhuc r cta steterat, in eam partem ubi I son iac bat subit d l psa virum nf l cem 20 oppressit.
Argonauts 87 accid , -ere, accid : to happen, fall (on)to, 8 libenter: gladly, willingly, 12 adhuc: still, 5 malus, -a, -um: bad, 3 r, a ris n.: air, 6 mane , - re, mans , --: to stay, wait, 9 affici , -ere, -f c , fectum: influence, treat, 13 membrum, - n.: limb, member, 10 la, -ae f.: wing, 2 m rus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, 7 mentia, -ae f.: madness, 2 mortifer, -fera, -ferum: death-bearing, 2 arbitror, - r , - tus sum: to judge, think, 11 m s, m ris m.: custom, manner, law, 6 ars, artis f.: skill, craft, art, 5 nec (1): to kill, slay, put to death, 9 ascend , -ere, - , - nsus: ascend, mount, 3 nihil: nothing, 14 Athenae, - rum f.: Athens, 1 novus, -a, -um: new, 4 c sus, - s m.: misfortune, accident, event, 8 occ si , -i nis f.: chance, opportunity, 6 color, col ris m.: color, 1 occid , -ere, -cid , -c sus: kill, cut down, 14 cruci tus, - s m.: torture, 2 omitt , -ere, -m s , -missum: neglect, omit, 6 cr d lis, -e: cruel, bitter, bloody, 6 opprim , -ere, -press : to overpower 5 currus, - s m.: chariot, cart, 2 r (1): pray (for), entreat, beseech, 5 d l bor, -l b , -lapsum: slip or fall down, 1 praebe , - re, -u , -itum: to present, give, 7 d num, - n.: gift, 6 prec s, -um: prayer, entreaty, 3 dormi , - re, - v : to sleep, 8 quasi: as if, 4 drac , - nis m.: dragon, serpent, 7 s ve: or if, whether if, 6 rig , -ere, -r x , -rectum: raise up, lift, 1 s l, s lis m.: sun, 10 exc d , -ere, -cess , -cessum: go out, depart, 2 st (1): to stand, 8 f mina, -ae f.: woman, 3 sub: under, 4 f lius, -i m.: son, 10 subd c , -ere, -d x , -ductum: draw up, 2 fugi , fugere, f g , --: to flee, hurry away, 9 suspic , - re, - v , - tum: suspect, mistrust, 7 furor, - ris m.: rage, fury, madness, 4 t lis, -e: such, 6 Glauc , - s f.: Glauce, 4 tex , -ere, -u , textum: to weave, 1 iace , - re, -u : to lie, lie low, 3 Thessalia, -ae f.: Thessaly, 4 ignis, ignis, m.: fire, 9 ting , -ere, tinx , tinctum: wet, soak; dye, 1 impell , -ere, pul , pulsum: drive on incite 3 umbra, -ae f.: shade, shadow, 1 incolumis, -e: inscathed, uninjured, safe, 7 r , rere, uss , ustum: to burn, 1 indu , -ere, indu , ind tum: put on, 8 varius, -a, -um: various, 2 Inf l x, -f l cis: unhappy, unfortunate, 2 veh , -ere, v x , vectum: to convey, carry, 5 nfici , -ere, -f c , -fectum: stain, dye, 4 ven num, - n.: poison, 7 instru , -ere, - x , -uctum: equip, draw up, 6 vestis, -is f.: clothing, 12 Itaque: and so, 8 v ta, -ae, f.: life, 9 iung , -ere, iunx , -iunctum: to join, 3 vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 5
1 summ arte: with…; abl. manner cr d l : abl. i-stem modifies cruci t textam, nfectam: PPP tex , nfici 10 H s…gest s: abl. abs. 2 t lis: such; nom. predicate of erat 11 magnum…fore …per culum: that… ut… rer tur: that…burned; result would be; ~fut rum esse, ind. disc s quis: if anyone…; quis is indefinite governed by arbitr ta (PPP arbitror) before s , nisi, num, and n sibi: reflexive, dat. of interest 3 induisset: plpf. subj. s …man ret: fut. pf. ind. subordinate ign : abl. of means, i-stem 3rd decl. noun verb made subjunctive in ind. disc. h c fact : abl. abs. 13 ut…praeb ret: that…; ind. command 4 nihil mal : nothing (of) evil; partitive 14 cui: to which…had been joined 5 m re: by custom; ‘from the custom’ 15 mittendam (esse): must not be omitted 8 Glauc : nom. subject; Greek 1st decl. 17 Accidit…ut…dorm ret: it happened 9 paul post: a little later; abl. of degree that…; noun result clause of difference 18 s ve…s ve: whether by….or by… 125
Alphabetized Core Vocabulary List (Words 15 or More Times) This is an alphabetized list of the running core vocabulary found at the beginning of this commentary. To use this book properly, readers should review and memorize the running core vocabulary as they read the stories. If they encounter a word in the text that is not found in the facing vocabulary, it is most likely in the running vocabulary and the list below. The number of occurrences of each word i was tabulated with the help by the author.
, ab, abs: (away) from, out of, 72 accipi : to receive, get, accept, 26 ad: to, toward; near, 188 animus, - m.: soul, spirit, breath, courage, pride, 18 annus, - m.: year, 18 Argonautae, - rum m.: Argonauts, 18 at: but; mind you; but, you say, 27 atque: and, and also, and even, 21 audi , aud re, aud v , aud tum: to hear, listen to, 22 autem: however, moreover, 81 auxilium, - n.: help, aid, assistance, 19 b s, bovis m. f.: cow, ox, bull (bobus-dat. abl.), 18 brevis, -e: short, brief, 15 capi , capere, c p , captum: to take, capture, seize, 14 caput, capitis, n.: head; life, 20 causa, -ae f.: reason, cause; case, 31 Circ , - s f.: Circe, 15 coep , coepisse, coeptum: begin, 16 cogn sc , -ere, -n v , -nitum: to learn, perf. know, 22 confer , -ferre: bring together, collect, carry, 18 confici , -ere: to exhaust, finish, accomplish, 16 conici , -ere, -i c : throw together, throw, take oneself, 13 c nsilium, -i n.: plan, advice; council, assembly, 23 constitu , -ere, -u , - tus: decide, establish, resolve, 36 corpus, corporis, n.: body, 19 cum: with (+ abl.); when, since, although, 196 d : down from, from, about, concerning (+ abl.), 29 deus, - m.: god, divinity, deity, 19 d c , -ere, d x , dictus: say, speak, tell, call, name, 17 di s, - m./f.: day, time, season, 46 d mitt , -ere, -m s , -missus: send away, let go, 8 d , dare, ded , datum: give, put, make; grant, allow, 42 dolor, - ris m.: pain, grief, anger, passion, 17 dum: while, as long as, until, 35 , ex: out from, from, out of (+ abl.), 108 gredior, - , -gressus: go out, disembark, 18 126 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary enim: for, indeed, in truth, 77 et: and, also, even, 287 etiam: besides, also, even, 17 Eurystheus, - m.: Eurystheus, 23 exspect (1): look out for, wait for, await, 15 faci , -ere, f c , fectum: make, do, 89 f lia, -iae f.: daughter, 20 fl men, -inis n.: river, stream, 15 ger , -ere, gess , gestus: carry (on), wage, 18 gravis, -e: heavy, serious, severe; venerable, 16 habe , - re, habu , -itus: have, hold; consider, 34 habit (1): to inhabit, live, 18 Hercules, -is m.: Hercules 121 hic, haec, hoc: this, that; he, she, it, 222 hom , -inis m./f.: man, mortal, human, 21 iam: now, already, soon, 29 I son, -onis m.: Jason, 45 ibi: there, in that place, 21 dem, eadem, idem: the same, 15 igitur: therefore, then, accordingly, 71 ille, illa, illud: that (famous); he, she, it, 84 in: in (+ abl.) , into (+ acc.), 272 ing ns (ingentis): huge, immense, vast, huge, 21 insula, -ae f.: island, 20 intelleg , -ere, -l x , -l ctum: to realize, understand, 24 interfici , -ere, -f c , -fectum: kill, slay, destroy, 15 ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 50 is, ea, id: this, that; he, she, it, 230 ita: so, thus, 25 iter, itineris n.: way, road, journey, 19 iube , iub re, iuss , iussum: to order, command, 17 labor, - ris m.: labor, hardship, task, 22 l tus, l toris n.: shore, beach, 19 locus, - m.: place, region, situation; opportunity, 51 m gnopere: greatly, very much, 15 magnus, -a, -um: great, large, tall; mighty, important, 79 manus, - s f.: hand, 16 mare, maris n.: sea, 15 M d a, -ae f.: Medea, 27 mitt , -ere, -m s , missum: to send, let go, 18 modus, - m.: way, manner; modo (adv.) only 38 monstrum, - n.: monster, 26 mox: soon, 19 multus, -a, -um: much, many, abundant, 36 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary 127 n vis, n vis, f.: ship, boat, 63 n : lest, that not, no, not, 22 neque: and not (neque…neque = neither…nor), 27 n n: not, by no means, not at all, 40 n llus, -a, -um: none, no, no one, 24 omnis, omne: every, all, 96 par (1): prepare, make (ready), 21 pars, partis, f.: part, share, 23 pauc , -ae, -a: little, few, scanty, 22 paulus, -a, -um: little, small, 16 per: through, over, across, 23 per culum, - n.: risk, danger, peril, 31 Perseus, - m.: Perseus, 26 perveni , - re, -v n , -ventum: to come through, arrive 19 Polyph mus, - m.: Polyphemus, 19 possum, posse, potu : be able, can, avail, 46 post: after, behind (+ acc.); afterward, next, 32 postquam: after, when, 58 pr mus -a -um: first, 16 profic scor, - , -fectus: set out, depart, 19 progredior, -gred , progressus sum: advance, 17 puer, puer , m.: boy, 17 quaer , -ere, quaes v , quaes tum: to seek, ask, inquire, 21 qu , quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, that, 307 qu dam, quaedam, quiddam: certain, a certain, 50 rede , - re, - v : go back, return, come back, 19 refer , -ferre, -tul , -l tum: report, bring back, 18 regi , - nis f.: region, district, 18 regnum, - n.: (royal) power, kingdom, realm, 19 reliquus, -a, um: remaining, left (over), 15 r s, re , f.: thing, matter, affair, business, 83 r x, r gis m.: king; adj. ruling, royal, 44 sal s, - tis f.: safety, security, health, 15 saxum, sax n.: rock, 15 s : himself, herself, itself, themselves, 115 sed: but, moreover, however, 31 senti , sent re, s ns , s nsum: to feel, perceive, 16 s : if (only), whether, in case that, 20 sine: without (abl.), 19 socius, - m.: ally, companion, comrade, 33 solv , -ere, solv , sol tum: to loosen, release, 20 species, - i f.: sight, look, appearance, aspect, 15 spelunca, -ae f.: cave, 30 statim: immediately, on the spot, at once, 28 subit : immediately, straightaway, 19 128 Alphabetized Core Vocabulary sum, esse, fu , fut rum: to be, 422 summus, -a, -um: highest, greatest, top of, 29 suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 84 tamen: nevertheless, however, 99 tandem: finally, at last, at length, in the end, 28 tantus, -a, -um: so great, so much, so large, 55 tempest s, -t tis f.: weather; storm, 17 tempus, -poris n.: time, 31 terra, -ae f.: land, earth, 22 timor, -oris m.: fear, dread, anxiety, 15 tr d , -dere, -did , -ditum: to give over, hand down, 20 tum: then, at that time, 73 ubi: where, when, 56 Ulix s, -is m.: Ulysses, 43 nus, -a, -um: one, 14 urbs, urbis, f.: city, 19 ut: as, just as, when (+ ind.); (so) that, in order that, 112 veni , - re, v n , ventus: come, go, 72 vide , vid re, v d , v sum: to see, 50 vinum, vin n.: wine, 16 vir, vir m.: man, male, 23 v s, (v s), f.: force, power, violence; pl. v r s, strength, 23 vol , velle, volu : will, wish, be willing, 22