2019-2020 PO No

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Nationally Accredited (3rd Cycle) with 'A' Grade by NAAC College with Potential for Excellence. Tiruchirappalli - 620002. PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY Programme: M.Sc. BIOCHEMISTRY 2019-2020 PO No. Programme Outcomes Upon completion of the B.Sc. Degree Programme, the graduate will be able to

PO-1 To enable to get quality education in the areas of Biochemistry PO-2 Acquire practical skills to gather information, assess, create and execute new ideas to develop entrepreneurial skills.

PO-3 Gain Proficiency in basic laboratory techniques and able to apply the scientific method on lab to land PO-4 Inculcate a domestic and international perspective and be competent enough in the area of life sciences.

PO-5 Learn to recognize potential laboratory safety and conserve nature and the environment.

PSO No. Programme Specific Outcomes Upon completion of these courses the student would

PSO-1 Will use current biochemical and molecular techniques and carry out experiments

PSO-2 Monitoring the changes in modern life styles leads to modern diseases

PSO-3 Develop skills in cultivation of plants.

PSO-4 Prepare them to do higher studies in other biological fields like Genetic, Entomology, Biological Oceanography etc PSO-5 Developed critical thinking skills/laboratory techniques to be capable of designing, carrying out ,interpreting scientific experiments

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) M.Sc. Biochemistry-Course Pattern 2019- 2020

Hrs/ Credi Mark t s Semeste Course Title of the paper Code Wee r k

I Major Core 1 Biomolecules P18BC1MCT01 5 5 100

Major Core 2 Bio analytical P18BC1MCT02 5 5 100 Techniques

Major Core 3 Cell Biology P18BC1MCT03 4 4 100

Major Core 4 Human Physiology and P18BC1MCT04 4 4 100 Histochemistry

Major Core 5 Practical-I P18BC1MCP05 6 4 100 Biomolecules, Cell Biology and Physiology

Major Elective Ecology and Evolution/ P18BC1MET01/ 4 4 100 1 Microbiology P18BC1MET02

Value 1 - - education

Library 1 - -

Internship P18SP1ECC01

Total 30 26 600

II Major Core 6 Enzymology P18BC2MCT06 5 5 100

Major Core 7 Intermediary P18BC2MCT07 5 5 100 Metabolism and Regulation

Major Core 8 Molecular Biology P18BC2MCT08 4 4 100

Major Core 9 Practical- II Enzymology P18BC2MCP09 6 4 100 and Molecular

Techniques

Major Elective Plant Biochemistry/ P18BC2MET01/ 4 4 100 2 Endocrinology P18BC2MET02

Non Major Food Processing and P18BC2NMT01 5 3 100 Elective 1 Packaging

Value 1 - - Education

Internship P18SP2ECC02/ P18SP2ECC01

Total 30 25 600

III Major Core 10 Principles and P18BC3MCT10 5 5 100 application of Genetic Engineering

Major Core 11 Immunology P18BC3MCT11 4 4 100

Major Core 12 Clinical Biochemistry P18BC3MCT12 5 5 100

Major Core 13 Practical - III P18BC3MCP13 6 4 100

Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology

Major Elective Biophysical chemistry/ P18BC3MET01/ 4 4 100 3 Basics of P18BC3MET02/ Bioinformatics/

Biostatistics and P18BC3MET03 Research Methodology/

Non Major Waste Management and P18BC3NMT02 5 3 100 Elective 2 Bioremediation

Extra credit Online Course P19BC3OCT01 - 2 -

Library 1 - -

Internship P18SP3ECC03/ P18SP3ECC02

Total 30 25+2 600 *

IV Major Core 14 Genetics and P18BC4MCT14 5 5 100 Developmental Biology

Self-Study Basics of Herbal P18BC4SST01 -- 2 100 Paper Medicine

Project Dissertation and Viva P18BC4 DIS01 25 9 100 Voce

Internship P18SP4ECC04/ P18SP4ECC02

Total 30 16 300

Grand Total 120 92 2100

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year - Semester – I COURSE TITLE MAJOR CORE 1 – BIOMOLECULES TOTAL HOURS 75 HOURS/WEEK 5 CODE P18BC1MCT01 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 5 MARKS 100 General Objective: To enable the students to understand the basic components of life and the structure, properties and functions of Biomolecules. Course Objectives: CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Understand and demonstrate how the structure of Biomolecules determines their chemical Properties and reactivity. CO-2 Understand the amino acid structures; describe their physical and chemical properties. CO-3 Understand and analyze the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure in proteins and identify the types of interactions important in each case. CO-4 understand the structure and Biological functions of lipids CO-5 Evaluate the structure of nucleic acids- DNA, and RNA.

Unit I : Water and Carbohydrate biology 15Hrs Water: Structure, Hydrogen bonds, Dissociation of water. Concepts of pH, Henderson –

Hassel batch equation. Buffers and buffering action.Polysaccharides: structure and biological functions of Homo polysaccharides – Glucans, chitin, fructans, mannans, xylans, and galactans. Hetero polysaccharides. Structure and biological importance of sugar derivatives - glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans. Glycoprotein – Blood group and bacterial cell wall polysaccharides, O- linked and N- linked oligosaccharides and Lectins Extra reading/Key words: Disorders related to carbohydrate deficiency

Unit II: Amino Acid and Protein biology 15Hrs Aminoacids - Classification of amino acids and general properties and titration curve. The peptide bond – the Ramachandran plot. Chemical synthesis of peptides– Merrifield method. Proteins – classification, denaturation and renaturation. Orders of protein structure. Secondary structure – the α-helix, β- pleated sheet. Pauling and Corey model for fibrous proteins. Collagen triple helix. Protein sequencing. Extra reading/Key words: Biopolymers, new peptides.

Unit III: Structures of Protein 15Hrs Higher order Structures of Protein: Super secondary structure – helix – loop helix, the hairpin β - motif and the β– α – β - motif. Forces stabilizing tertiary and quaternary structure. Structure of hemoglobin – oxygen binding and changes in conformation. Structure of myoglobin - Molecular Chaperones, Protein folding role of chaperones. Methods of isolation, characterization and purification of proteins. Extra reading/Key words: Electrophoresis, Protein deficiency

Unit IV: Lipid Biology 15Hrs Lipids: Definition and classification of lipids. Biological significance of fat. Types of Fatty acids Essential, Non essential. Structure and biological functions of phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids. Steroids – functions of cholesterol, bile acids, sex hormones, ergo sterol. Fatty acids as inflammatory mediators. Structure and biological role of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes. Extra reading/Key words: Novel lipids, lipid bilayer

Unit V: Nucleic acid biology and Minerals 15Hrs Nucleic acids: Structure of purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides and nucleotides. DNA double helical structure. A, B and Z forms of DNA. Triple and quadruple structures.DNA supercoiling and linking number. Properties of DNA: buoyant density, viscosity, hypochromicity, denaturation and renaturation– the cot curve. DNA sequencing – chemical and enzymatic methods. Chemical synthesis of DNA. RNA – types and biological role. Secondary, tertiary structures of RNA. Minerals: Minerals in Biological systems and its importance – Iron, calcium, Phosphorous, Iodine, Copper, Zinc. Fat and water soluble Vitamins – Structure, properties and function. Role of Vitamin as Antioxidant. Extra reading/Key words: RFLP, RAPD, DNA finger printing Note: Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing (Seminar/Assignment) Course Outcomes: CO Course Outcomes PSOs No. Cognitive Addressed Level Know the structure and function of different CO-1 PSO 1 U biomolecules Understand various metabolic pathways crucial for the CO-2 PSO 2 R sustenance of living systems. Explain the role of water in synthesis and breakdown CO-3 PSO 2 R of polymers. Understand and analyze the structure and function of CO-4 PSO 3 R the oligo and polysaccharides Understand and recall the functions of Nucleic acids CO-5 PSO 4 R,An and Minerals.

TEXT BOOKS: A.L. Lehninger, D.L. Nelson and M.M. Cox (1993): Principles of Biochemistry, 2nd edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors.

J.L. Jain, (2005): Fundamentals of Biochemistry, 6th Revised Edition, Sultan Chand and Company, New Delhi Company, New York.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE: Biochemistry - Zubay, 4th edition, William C. Brown Publication, 1998. Harper’s Biochemistry – Murray and Granner, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India, 2000 Biochemistry – Lubert Stryer, 7th edition, Freeman & Company, 2012. Principles of Biochemistry – Lehninger, Nelson Cox Macmillan worth 5th ed 2008 W H Freeman & Company Reprint, 2011. Biochemistry. Davidson and Sittmann, NMS 3th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, B.I Waverly Pvt. Ltd 1995. Biochemistry – Voet and Voet, John 4th ed Wiley

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year - Semester – I COURSE TITLE MAJOR CORE 2: BIOANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES TOTAL HOURS 75 HOURS/WEEK 5 CODE P18BC1MCT02 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 5 MARKS 100

General Objective: To enable the students to study the techniques used in understanding the biological process and to understand the principle and application of Bioinstrumentation.

Course Objectives: CO No. Course Objectives CO-1 Understand the working principles, tools and techniques of spectrophotometry by various analytical methods. CO-2 Understand and analyze the principles and applications of centrifuge in research and related experiments CO-3 Apply the knowledge for the separation of proteins/peptides by Electrophoretic techniques. CO-4 Understand and analyze the principles and applications of chromatography. CO-5 Understand and evaluate the strengths, limitations and creative use of PCR.

Unit I Spectroscopic techniques 15 Hrs

Laws of absorption and absorption spectrum. Principle, instrumentation and applications of UV-Visible spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry. Basic principles of turbidometry and nephelometry. Principle, instrumentation and applications of luminometry. Atomic spectroscopy – principle and applications of atomic flame and flameless spectrophotometry. Use of lasers for spectroscopy.CD,ORDandMALDITOF. Extra reading/Key words: thin film analysis, portable instruments Unit – II: Centrifugation and radioisotope techniques 15Hrs Centrifugation: Ultracentrifuges – Analytical ultracentrifuge – instrumentation and applications. Preparative ultracentrifuge – types, instrumentation and applications of preparative rotors. Analysis of sub cellular fractions and determination of relative molecular mass – sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium. Radioisotope techniques: Units of radioactivity. Detection and measurement of radioactivity – solid and liquid scintillation counting, scintillation cocktails and sample preparation. Cerenkov counting. Autoradiography. Applications of radioisotopes in biology. Radiation hazards. Extra reading/Key words: differential pelleting, isopycnic, rate zonal.

Unit III: Electrophoresis 15Hrs General Principles. Electrophoresis of proteins – SDS - PAGE, native gels, gradient gels, isoelectric focusing, 2 -D PAGE. Capillary electrophoresis. Detection, estimation and recovery of proteins in gels. Electrophoresis of nucleic acids– agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing gels, pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Membrane blotting and hybridization, Southern, Western, dot-blot and fluorescent in situ hybridization. RFLPtechnique and applications. Extra reading/Key words: Image analysis, peptide mass fingerprinting.

Unit IV: Chromatography 15Hrs Principle, instrumentation and applications of thin layer and gas chromatography. Column chromatography - packing, loading, eluting and detection. Ion - exchange chromatography preparation of resins, procedure and applications. Chromatofocusing. Molecular exclusion chromatography-principle, gel preparation, operation and

applications. Affinity chromatography– principle, materials, procedure and applications. Special forms of affinity chromatography – immunoaffinity, metal chelate, dye-ligand and covalent chromatography. HPTLC, HPLC– principle, materials, instrumentation and applications. Capillary electrochromatography. Extra reading/Key words: protein purification

Unit V: PCR techniques 15 Hrs Basic principle, RT-PCR, quantitative PCR and in situ PCR. Diagnostic and laboratory applications of PCR. Comet assay. Monitoring of oncogenes and antioncogenes. Mutagenecity testing– Ame’s test, DNA finger printing, DNA foot printing. HRT and HART. Extra reading/Key words: Optimized Reaction Condition, ethidium bromide. Note: Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing (Seminar/Assignment)

Course Outcomes: CO Course Outcomes PSOs No. Cognitive Addressed Level Understand working principle of spectrophotometer and CO-1 PSO 1 U able to handle spectrophotometer. CO-2 Elaborate the PCR techniques. PSO 2 R Explain classification, principle and application of CO-3 PSO 2 U,An chromatography. CO-4 Explain the principle and application of electrophoresis. PSO 3 R,An Understand and explain the principle and application of CO-5 PSO 4 R centrifugation.

TEXT BOOK: Keith Wilson and John Walker (2004): Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry, 5th edition, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE: Wilsonand Walker. A Biologists Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry. 4th ed. Cambridge University Press 2005. Upadhyay, Upadhyay and Nath. Biophysical Chemistry Principles and Techniq ues. 3rd ed Himalaya Publishings. 2003. Terance G. Cooper. The tools of Biochemistry, John Willey & Sons New York.1997 Biophysical Chemistry I & II Charles R Cantor & Paul L Schimmel WH Freeman & Company, New York, 1998. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis Bk.Sharma, Goel publications, Meerut, 2000. David Sheehan Physical Biochemistry – Principles & Application. 2ed Willy BlackWell UK 20

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year - Semester – I COURSE TITLE MAJOR CORE 3: CELL BIOLOGY TOTAL HOURS 60 HOURS/WEEK 4 CODE P18BC1MCT03 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 4 MARKS 100 General Objective: To enable the students to understand the ultra-structure and functions of Cell organelles and to understand cell growth and adaptation of cell to diverse environments. Course Objectives: CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Understand the cell growth and cell cycle.

CO-2 Understand and apply the morphology and functions of various cell organelles.

CO-3 Understand and apply the functions of bio membranes.

CO-4 Understand the processes involved in tumor formation. CO-5 Understand various events in Adaptation of cells.

Unit I : Cell Growth And Cell Cycle 12Hrs Cell types - organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cell cycle - phases of cell cycle, cell division - mitosis and meiosis and regulation of cell growth and cell cycle, cell motility- molecular motors, microtubules - structure and composition,. Programmed cell death – Brief outline of apoptosis. Differences between apoptosis and necrosis. Extra reading/Key words: Nucleoid, Tissue damage, Mutation

Unit II : Cellular Organelles 12Hrs Cellular organelles - Morphology - Characteristic features and functions of nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosome, chloroplast, peroxisomes, and glyoxysomes. Extra reading/Key words: Microbodies, Power house

Unit III : Biomembranes 12Hrs Differentiation of cell membrane - microvilli, epithelia, Bell and spot desmosomes mechanical function, cell-cell interaction, cell adhesion proteins, cell junctions, tight junctions. Overview of membrane protein - peripheral and integral, molecular model of cell membrane - fluid mosaic model and membrane fluidity, Membrane assembly – importins and exportins. Membrane transport. Diffusion (passive and facilitated) active transport (symport,antiport, Na+ K+ ATPase),ion gradients, ion selective channels, group translocations, porins,endocytosis and exocytosis Extra reading/Key words: Receptors, Cell digestion

Unit IV: Tumor biology 12Hrs Cancer cell – morphology and growth characteristics. Biochemical changes in tumor cells. Differences between benign and malignant tumors. Tumor markers – AFP, CEA and Hcg only. Agents causing cancer – radiation, viruses, chemicals (brief account only). Multistep carcinogenesis – initiation, promotion, progression. Oncogenes and proto-oncogenes – mechanisms of proto-oncogene activation. Tumor suppressor genes – p53. Extra reading/Key words: Angiogenesis, Cell Proliferation

Unit V: Adaptation of cells 12Hrs Traffic between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Endoplasmic reticulum - Vesicular traffic. Protein sorting and targetting - plasma membrane, mitochondria, chloroplast,

endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome. Extra reading/Key words: Transport Mechanism, Thylakoid Note: Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing (Seminar/Assignment)

Course Outcomes: CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Addressed Level Understand the Animal cells and various cell organelles by CO-1 PSO 1 U using microphotographs Explain the concept vital staining, distinguishing points CO-2 PSO 2 R between nuclear stain and cytoplasmic stain. Understand the techniques using for the study of blood CO-3 PSO 2 U corpuscles. Understand the meaning of Osmotic pressure, isotonic, CO-4 PSO 3 R hypotonic, and hypertonic. Describe the cell cycle and know the importance of various CO-5 cells in body of organisms PSO 4 An

TEXT BOOKS: Molecular Cell Biology Lodish et.al. 5th ed., WH Freeman & Company 2003 Essentials of Cell Biology- An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of the Cell. Alberts et al Garland Science Inc 1998

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE: The Cell – A Molecular Approach Geoffrey Cooper, Robert E. Harsman 3rd, ASM Press. Washington 2004. The World of Cell Becker & Deamer 2nd ed The Benjamin/ Cumming Publishing Company Inc 1991. Cell and Molecular Biology De Robertis and De Robertis.. 8th ed Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd 2001 Molecular Biology of the Cell Alberts et al 4th ed. Garland Science Inc. 2002.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year - Semester – I COURSE TITLE MAJOR CORE 4: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY TOTAL HOURS 60 HOURS/WEEK 4 CODE P18BC1MCT04 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 4 MARKS 100 General Objective: To enable the students to understand the anatomy and functions of the major organs of the body and to understand the principle and application of histology and histo-pathology in diagnosis of diseases. Course Objectives: CO No. Course Objectives CO-1 Understand and apply the structure and functions of digestive and excretory system and apply their mechanisms. CO-2 Understand and apply the mechanism of circulatory system and respiration and various body fluids and its function. CO-3 Understand and apply the structure and functions of muscular and nervous system CO-4 Understand the working principles, tools and techniques of Histochemistry CO-5 Explain the relationship between histology and the pathogenesis of disease

Unit I : Digestive and Excretory system 12Hrs Digestive system: Anatomy of the digestive system, Salivary, Gastric and Biliary Secretions- composition and functions. Intestinal hormones, movements in Gastro intestinal tract,Secretion, digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Absorption in the large intestine; Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Excretory system: Structure and functions of kidney. Urine- composition and formation.

Renal regulation of acid-base balance. Extra reading/Key words: Alimentary canal,Metanephros

Unit II: Circulatory, Respiratory system: 12 Hrs Blood cells, haemoglobin, haemopoiesis, blood coagulation and blood groups. Circulation: Structure of Heart and blood vessels, cardiac cycle, cardiac factors controlling blood pressure, electrocardiogram. Functions of heart. Respiration: Anatomy, and physiology of respiration, pulmonary surfactant, exchange of gases between lung and blood and between blood and tissues. Role of lung in acid-base balance Extra reading/Key words: Stem Cells,Pluripotent Cell,Pulmonary vein

Unit III: Muscular and Nervous system 12Hrs Muscle: Structure and Types of muscle. Muscle proteins. Theories and Mechanism of muscle contraction. Role of ATP and Calcium in muscle contraction. Central nervous system- Anatomy of Brain. Chemical composition and Functions of Cerebro Spinal Fluid. Blood brain barrier. Structure and types of Neurons. Resting and action potential- conduction of nerve impulse. Synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitters. Neuromuscular Junctions. Extra reading/Key words: Effectors,Muscle Proteins,Gray matter,Acetylcholine

Unit IV: Principles of Histochemistry 12Hrs Histochemistry: Principles, staining, mounting, preservation and methods of application and utility of classical histochemical Techniques: for localization of glycoproteins (PAS), nucleic acids (Feulgen) and steroid dehydrogenase activity. Extra reading/Key words: Fixation,Microtome,Microscopic Visualization

Unit V : Histopathology in Diseases 12Hrs Histopathology : Morphological alterations in cells due to disease, types of degeneration clouding, hyaline,hydrophic and fatty degeneration. Etiology, pathogenesis and histopathology ofLiver cirrhosis and atheroscelerosis, Neuropathology of alcoholism and methanol poisoning. Histopathology: Tumors-malignant and non-malignant, types of carcinoma, histopathology of breast and prostate tumors. Extra reading/Key words: Histopathology of liver cells Note: Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing (Seminar/Assignment)

Course Outcomes: CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Addressed Level Understand the Digestive and Excretory system CO-1 PSO 1 R, U Physiology.

CO-2 Understand the Circulatory, Respiratory system PSO 2 U,R

CO-3 Understand the Muscular and Nervous system. PSO 2 U

CO-4 Understand the principles of histochemistry PSO 3 R Recall and apply the procedures involved in CO-5 PSO 4 An histopathology to identify the diseases.

TEXT BOOKS: Chatterjee, C.C. (1985) Human Physiology, Vol.I &Vol.II published by A.K. Chatterjee, India. K.Sembulingam and Prema Sembulingam(2012) Essentials of Medical physiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE: Human Physiology: Vol I & II C.C. Chatterjee, Medical Publisher Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 2005. Text book of medical physiology – Guyton A.C, W.B.Saunders Company, London, 2000.

Human Physiology- Subash Shalya, CBS Publishers, 2000. K.Shyama Sundari and Hanumantha Rao, Histochemistry in Focus. MJP Publishers.2000. Curran RC. Colour Atlas of Histopathology, 3rd Harvas Millar Publishers, Oxford University 1995

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year - Semester – I COURSE TITLE MAJOR CORE 5: BIOMOLECULES, CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY TOTAL HOURS 90 HOURS/WEEK 6 CODE P18BC1MCP05 COURSE TYPE PRACTICAL - 1 CREDITS 4 MARKS 100 General Objective: To analyze the Micro and Macro Nutrients in food samples. CO No. Course Objectives CO-1 Understand the biological functions of biomolecules, secondary metabolites

CO-2 Identify and analyze the staining techniques CO-3 Understand principles, theory and calculations of each experiment

CO-4 Perform quantitative and qualitative analysis of known standards as well as unknown samples develop problem-solving skills and to nurture professional attitudes. CO-5 Understand the applicability of the biochemical methods to realistic situations.

BIOCHEMISTRY: 1. Estimation of liver Glycogen. 2. Estimation of proteins using Bradford and Lowry’s methods. 3. Estimation of total lipids. 4. Estimation of reducing sugars by anthrone method.

5. Estimation of Tryptophan. 6. Estimation of total phenol, alkaloids and flavonoids. 7. Purification of enzyme by ammonium sulphate precipitation 8. Desalting of protein by dialysis 9. Separation of polar and nonpolar lipids by TLC 10. RF value calculation of various amino acids using TLC and PC CELLBIOLOGY: 1. Simple staining for plant cell. 2. Isolation of mitochondrial organelle.

PHYSIOLOGY: 1.Blood Pressure- Measurement-Effect of exercise and postural variation in BP. 2. ECG recording 3. Body mass index calculation.

CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Addressed Level Gain technical experience and handle adjustable CO-1 PSO 1 U micro pipettes in a reproducible manner CO-2 Demonstrate the use of advance microscope. PSO 2 R

CO-3 Plan experiments, write protocols PSO 2 U,R CO-4 Perform logical reasoning and criticizing data PSO 3 R Understand and interpretation the ECG recording and CO-5 PSO 4 U,An BP

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE: Manuals in Biochemistry – Dr. J. Jayaraman, New Age International Pub, Bangalore 2011. Practical Biochemistry – Plummer, New Delhi: Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Company,2000.

Biochemical methods – S.Sadasivam, V.A Manickam 2 ed New Age International Publishers, 2006. Biochemical Tests – Principles and Protocols. Anil Kumar, Sarika Garg and Neha Garg. Vinod Vasishtha Viva Books Pvt Ltd, 2012.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year - Semester – I COURSE TITLE MAJOR ELECTIVE 1: ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION TOTAL HOURS 60 HOURS/WEEK 4 CODE P18BC1MET01 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 4 MARKS 100

General objective: To understand the basic concepts of Ecology, Evolution & Genetics Course Objectives CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Analyse the diversity of evolutionary thoughts

CO-2 Identify the species concepts, Life history strategies; adaptive radiation.

CO-3 Evaluate the Environmental and Community Ecology

CO-4 Explain the role of Ecosystem structure, function, energy flow. CO-5 Explain the Biodiversity and its conservation

Unit – I 12 Hrs Biotic and abiotic interactions. Concept of habitat and niche; Population Ecology; concept of metapopulation. Species Interactions: Types of interactions, inter specific competition, herbivory, carnivory, pollination, symbiosis. Nature, structure and attributes; levels of species diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones. Ecological Succession: Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of climax. Extra reading/Key words: Pioneer species

Unit – II 12 Hrs Ecosystem structure, function; energy flow (food chain and food web) and mineral cycling (C, N, and P); primary production and decomposition; structure and function of some Indian ecosystems: terrestrial (forest, grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, esturine). Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography; biogeographical zones of India. Conservation Biology: Principles and management, Indian case studies on conservation / management strategy (Project Tiger, Biosphere reserves). Extra reading/Key words: Factors affecting energy flow

Unit – III 12 Hrs Evolutionary Time scale. Origin of basic biological molecules; Abiotic synthesis of organic monomers and polymers; Concept of Oparin and Haldane; Experiment of Miller; The first cell; Evolution of prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Anaerobic and aerobic metabolism. Extra reading/Key words: Evolutionary adaptations

Unit –IV 12 Hrs Origin, evolution and diversification of life; natural selection; levels of selection. Types of selection (stabilizing, directional etc.); sexual selection; genetic drift; gene flow; adaptation; convergence; species concepts; Life history strategies; adaptive radiation; biogeography and evolutionary ecology; Molecular evolution; molecular clocks; systems of classification: cladistics and phenetics; molecular systematics; gene expression and evolution. Extra reading/Key words: Evolutionary research

Unit – V Evolutionary Biology – Lamarck; Darwin–concepts of variation, adaptation, struggle, fitness and natural selection; Spontaneity of mutations; the evolutionary synthesis. The

evolutionary time scale; Eras, periods and epoch; Origins of unicellular and multi cellular organisms; Hardy – Weinberg law. Extra reading/Key words: History, Darwinism Note: Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing (Seminar/Assignment)

CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Addressed Level Understand the diversity of evolutionary thoughts CO-1 PSO 1 R, U

Identify the species concepts, Life history strategies; CO-2 PSO 2 R, An adaptive radiation. Explain the Environmental and Community Ecology CO-3 PSO 2 U

Explain the role of Ecosystem structure, function, CO-4 PSO 3 R energy flow. CO-5 Understand the Biodiversity and its conservation PSO 4 U

REFERENCE BOOK(S): 1. Elements of Ecology SA. Nasim, Axis Books Pvt.Ltd, 2012 2. A Textbook of Ecology. SK Dubey. Wisdom Press. New Delhi 2010. 3. Genetics P.S.Verma & V.K. Agarwal, S.Chand & Company Pvt Ltd, New Delhi. Reprint 2010 4. Cytology, Genetics, Evolution and Ecology. P S Verma and V K Agarwal. S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi .2005. 5. Sharma P.D – Elements of Ecology, Rastogi Publishers, Meerut.1999. 6. Ecology Theories & Application, peter Stiling 4th ed PHI Learning Pvt .Ltd, 2009

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year - Semester – I COURSE TITLE MAJOR ELECTIVE 1: MICROBIOLOGY TOTAL HOURS 60 HOURS/WEEK 4 CODE P18BC1MET02 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 4 MARKS 100 General Objective: To enable the students to explain types, characteristics and significance of microorganisms.

Course Objectives:

CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Analyse the diversity of microorganisms, bacterial cell structure and function, microbial growth and metabolism. CO-2 Identify the microorganisms in environment.

CO-3 Evaluate and apply the microorganisms in various industries

CO-4 Explain the role of microorganisms in food and industrial production and preservation. CO-5 Explain the role of microorganisms in antibiotics production

Unit I: General microbiology 12 Hrs Introduction and scope of microbiology. Brief study of structure and organization of major groups of microorganisms - Archaebacteria, cyanobacteria, eubacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa and viruses. Culture of microorganisms – batch, continuous and pure

26 cultures. Control of microorganisms – physical, chemical and chemotherapeutic agents. Preservation of Microorganisms. Extra reading/Key words: Electron Microscope

Unit II: Environmental microbiology 12 Hrs Microbiology of soil – soil microflora, role of soil microbes in biogeochemical cycles (C, N, S) - Marine and fresh water microbiology. Contamination of domestic and marine waters. Water purification and sewage treatment. Microbes in waste water treatments. Microbiology of air. Extra reading/Key words: Pathogen detection, Environmental Management Unit III: Industrial microbiology 12 Hrs Selection of industrially useful microbes. Fermentors and fermentation technology. Industrial production of alcohol, vinegar, lactic acid, antibiotics, enzymes and amino acids. Microbiology of food: sources of contamination, food spoilage and food preservation methods. Extra reading/Key words: Food fermentation,lactic acid bacteria,probiotics,prebiotics.

Unit IV: Clinical microbiology 12 Hrs Epidemic, endemic, pandemic and sporadic diseases. Pathogenicity, virulence and infection. Epidemiology of infectious diseases. Bacterial diseases of human (typhoid, cholera, syphilis, gonorrhoea and pertusis). Fungal diseases of human (superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous and systemic mycoses) Mycotoxins. Viral diseases of human (AIDS, hepatitis, polio, rabies and measles). Mycoplasmal, Chlamydial, Rickettsial and protozoan diseases of human. Extra reading/Key words: Disease management

Unit V: Applied Microbiology 12 Hrs Role of microbes in the manufacture of antibiotics and vaccines. Microorganisms as biofertilizers. Microbes as foods - SCP production. Role of microbes in biogas

production, petroleum industry and mining. Microbial degradation of lignin, cellulose and pesticides. Microbial immobilization. Microbes in biological warfare. Extra reading/Key words: Retardation, bioproduction Note: Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing (Seminar/Assignment)

Course Outcomes: CO Course Outcomes PSOs No. Cognitive Addressed Level Describe the structure and functions of major CO-1 PSO 1 R, U components of microbial cells. Understand the concept of microbial growth, its CO-2 PSO 2 R measurement and growth curves.

CO-3 Classify microorganisms based on nutrition. PSO 2 U

CO-4 Isolate bacteria on solid media. PSO 3 R Discuss various methods of sterilization and CO-5 PSO 4 R,An disinfection.

TEXT BOOK: Pelczer M.J. Chan E.C. S Noel R.Krieg, (2004) Microbiology, Fifth Edn., Tata McGraw Hill publishing company Limited, New Delhi.

REFERENCES Ananthanarayan, R. and Jayaram Paniker, C.K. 2007. Text Book of Microbiology. (7th Edition). Orient Longman Ltd., Chennai. Lansing M Prescott, John P Harley and Donald A Klein. 2007. Microbiology. (7th Edition). Mc Graw Hill, New York. Martin Alexander (1969): Introduction to soil microbiology. Wiley International, NY Gladwin and Trattler, 2013, Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple (6th Edition), Medmaster, UK.

Mackie and McCarthy, 1994. Medical Microbiology, (4th Edition). Churchill Livingstone, New York. Michael Pelczar, Microbiology 5th Edition, 2001. Mcgraw Higher Ed Publisher.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year - Semester – II COURSE TITLE MAJOR CORE 6: ENZYMOLOGY TOTAL HOURS 75 HOURS/WEEK 5 CODE P18BC2MCT06 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 5 MARKS 100 General Objective: To enable the student to understand fundamentals of enzyme structure and function and kinetics of soluble and immobilized enzymes. Course Objectives: CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Understand the Thermodynamic terms and basic concepts.

CO-2 Understand the classification, structure, properties and functions of enzymes.

CO-3 Understand the mechanism of action of enzymes and analyse the different types of Catalysis. CO-4 Understand and apply the kinetic studies in the derivation of the M.M equation and their modification and understand different types of inhibition. CO-5 Apply and evaluate the role of enzymes in different areas like industries, clinical labs etc.

Unit I: Thermodynamic terms and basic concepts 15Hrs Types of thermodynamic systems. Enthalpy and biochemical reactions, biological thermodynamic standard state, activation energy and free energy. Biological oxidation, redox reactions. High-energy phosphate compounds, role of ATP in biological system; energy

30 transfer; acyl-phosphate group transfer. Types of energy transformation in living systems; energy in photosynthesis. Phosphorylation types. Organization of electron carriers and enzymes in mitochondria, chloroplast and microsomes and their inhibitors, cyanide resistant respiration. Extra reading/Key words: Energy Currency, Functional groups; Fusion protein;

Unit II: Historical aspects of enzymology. 15Hrs Nomenclature and classification of enzymes according to IUB-EC-1964. Intracellular localization of enzymes, homogenization techniques, isolation and fractionation of enzymes classical methods of purification and crystallization - separation based on molecular size, electric charge, solubility difference and selective adsorption, criteria of purity, units of enzyme activity. Turn over number, specific activity. Active site definition, organization and determination of active site residues. Extra reading/Key words: Katal ,rpm, Centrifugation

Unit III: Criteria of chemical reactions 15Hrs Collision & transition state theories, specificity of enzymes. Mechanism of catalysis: Proximity and orientation effects, general acid-base catalysis, covalent and electrostatic catalysis - nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks, catalysis by distortion, metal ion catalysis. Theories on mechanism of catalysis. Coenzymes - structure and function, Mechanism of enzymes action: mechanism of action of lysozyme, and chymotrypsin. Multienzymes system Mechanism of action and regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, and fatty acid synthasecomplex. Isoenzymes. Extra reading/Key words: Prosthetic group, Abzyme

Unit IV : Kinetics of catalyzed reaction 15Hrs Single substrate reactions, bisubstrate reactions, Concept and derivation of Michaelis – Menten equation, Briggs Haldane relationship, Determination and significance of kinetic constants, Limitations of Michaelis-Menten Kinetics. Inhibition kinetics - competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive. Allosteric inhibition, cooperative, cumulative, feedback inhibition. Extra reading/Key words: Orders of reactions, Vmax.EI, 1/2 Vmax,

Unit V Applications of enzymes 15Hrs Immobilization and Immobilized enzymes. Various methods of immobilization - ionic bonding, adsorption, covalent bonding (based on R groups of amino acids), microencapsulation and gel entrapment. Applications of immobilized enzymes. Biosensors – glucose oxidase, cholesterol oxidase, urease and antibodies as biosensors. Abzymes and Ribozymes. Enzymes of clinical importance - diagnostic significance and therapeutic effects. Enzyme Engineering.

Extra reading/Key words: Bioprocessing, Catalytic antibody Note:Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing(Seminar/Assignment)

Course Outcomes: CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Addressed Level Remember and understand the major classes of CO-1 PSO 1 R, U enzyme and their functions in the cell. Explain the role of co-enzyme cofactor in enzyme CO-2 PSO 2 R catalyzed reaction. Differentiate between equilibrium and steady state CO-3 kinetics and analyzed simple kinetic data and estimate PSO 2 R important parameter (Km. Vmax, Kcat etc). Define and describe the properties of enzymes in and CO-4 regulates biochemical pathways (inhibition, PSO 3 R allosterism)

CO-5 Explain the role of enzymes in different fields. PSO 4 An

TEXT BOOK Enzymes Trevor Palmer East West Press. Ltd, New Delhi 2004 Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, David l. Nelson & Michael M.Cox, 4th ed WH. BOOKS FOR REFERENCE: Enzymology, Devasena Oxford University press UK, 2010 Freeman Company, 2005. Dixon, M. and Webb, J.F.: Enzymes (Longman, London) 1979 Introduction to Biomolecules & Enzymes, Renuka Harikrishnan Indraji Pub 1999. Enzyme Kinetics – A modern Approach. AG Marangani, John Wiley & Sons, 2003 Enzyme Structure & mechanism, 2nd ed, Alan Fersht, WH Freeman & Company, 1995.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year - Semester – II MAJOR CORE 7: INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM & COURSE TITLE REGULATION

TOTAL HOURS 75 HOURS/WEEK 5 CODE P18BC2MCT07 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 5 MARKS 100 General Objective: To enable the students to understand the metabolism and regulation of different biomolecules and to know the inter relationship between different metabolites. Course Objectives CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 understand the metabolism of pathways that yield energy from carbohydrate

CO-2 understand the diversity of metabolic regulation involved in amino acid metabolism, analyze CO-3 understand and analyze how these biochemical processes are integrated with lipids CO-4 understand the metabolism of pathways of heme and porphyrins, integration of all pathways and evaluate the fate of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides through their synthesis and breakdown mechanisms CO-5 understand the energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in life, apply and evaluate the role of high energy compounds in driving cellular processes in animals, as well as plants through photosynthesis

Unit I : Carbohydrate Metabolism: 15Hrs Introduction to Metabolism - Anabolism and Catabolism, Experimental approaches to study metabolism. Metabolism of Carbohydrates - Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle, HMP shunt, Glucuronic acid pathway, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Glyoxylate cycle. Regulations of Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis and Glycogen metabolism. Metabolism of Amino sugars, Sialic acids, Mucopolysaccharides and Glycoproteins. Extra reading/Key words: insulin resistance

Unit II: Amino acid, Protein and Nucleic acid Metabolism: 15Hrs Overview of biosynthesis of nonessential amino acids. Catabolism of amino acid nitrogen - Transamination, deamination, ammonia formation and the urea cycle. Overview of catabolism of phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and methionine. Conversion of amino acids to specialized products – serotonin, melatonin, GABA and catecholamines. Extra reading/Key words: Glutathione, nitrogen balance

Unit III: Lipid Metabolism 15Hrs Oxidation of fatty acids and. Metabolism of ketone bodies - Formation, utilization, excretion and clinical significance. Biosynthesis & catabolism of fatty acids and its regulation. Metabolism and regulation of triglycerides, phospholipids and sphingolipids. Cholesterol Biosynthesis, regulation, transport and excretion. Metabolism of lipoproteins. Synthesis of Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Extra reading/Key words: Steroid metabolism,

Unit IV: Metabolism of Porphyrins & Heme and Metabolic Integration 15Hrs Biosynthesis and degradation of porphyrins and heme. Metabolism of iron - sorption, storage, transport and excretion.Overview of intermediary metabolism. Overview of

starvation. Organ profile during starvation. Integration of metabolism by inter relationship of tissues - brain, heart and skeletal muscles, adipose tissues, liver and pancreatic hormones. Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides – de novo and salvage pathways andregulation. Inhibitors of nucleotide synthesis and their role in chemotherapy. Nucleotidedegradation - catabolism of purines and pyrimidines. Extra reading/Key words: PRPP synthase amino acid. Ribonucleotide Reductase, the integration of iron metabolism

Unit V: Bioenergetics and Photosynthesis: 15Hrs Free energy and entropy. High energy and Low energy Phosphates. Enzymes involved in redox reactions. Biological oxidation - The electron transport chain – Oxidative Phosphorylation -. F1F0 ATPase- structure and mechanism of action. The chemiosmotic theory. Inhibitors of respiratory chain and oxidative. Phosphorylation-uncouplers, ionophores of phosphorylation. Photosynthesis – Photosystem I and II. C3 and C4 pathway. Crassulacean acid metabolism. Photorespiration Extra reading/Key words: thermodynamics; gibbs free energy Note: Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing (Seminar/Assignment)

Course Outcomes: CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Addressed Level Understand and explain major pathways like Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Urea CO-1 PSO 1 R, U cycle etc. Analyse and explain the amino acid catabolism like transamination, CO-2 PSO 2 R transmethylation, decarboxylation ,

CO-3 Understand biosynthesis and elongation of fatty acids. PSO 2 U,R

Understand regulation of heme synthesis, involvement of organs to achieve CO-4 PSO 3 U,R energy, explain the nucleic acid metabolism

CO-5 Analyse bioenergetics of carbohydrates, fatty acids etc. in plants and animals PSO 4 R,An

TEXT BOOKS Harper’s Biochemistry Murray, et al. 25th ed. McGraw Hill.2000 Biochemistry Lubert Stryer, Jermy M.Berg and Jonh L. Tymoczko. 5 ed W. H. Freeman Company, New York.2003

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE: Donald Voet, J.G. Voet , Biochemistry, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons.1995. Lehninger’s Princples of Biochemistry, David l. Nelson & Michael M.Cox, 4th ed WH.Freeman Company, 2005. Biochemistry, Geoffrey Zubay 4th ed. WCB Publishers.1998. West, E.S. and Todd, W.R.,Mason H.S., and Bruggen J.T. : Text Book of Biochemistry Macmilan Co. London

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year - Semester – II COURSE TITLE MAJOR CORE 8: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TOTAL HOURS 60 HOURS/WEEK 4 CODE P18BC2MCT08 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 4 MARKS 100 General Objective: To enable the students to understand the concepts of Central Dogma and to study the mechanism of gene regulation. Course Objectives: CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Understand the mechanism of Prokaryotic replication, transcription and regulation. CO-2 Understand the mechanism of Eukaryotic replication, transcription and regulation. CO-3 Understand the features of Genetic code and translation mechanism.

CO-4 Understand and the cellular mechanism of Gene expression and regulation. CO-5 Understand the concept of Protein- DNA interactions.

Unit I: Prokaryotic replication, transcription and regulation: 12Hrs Replication of DNA: DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Enzymes involved in replication, events on the replication fork and termination, mechanism of replication. Inhibitors ofDNA replication, DNA repair. Type of damages, types of mutation – point mutation and frameshift mutation. Suppressor mutations – nonsense & missense

38 suppression. Basic principles of transcription. Transcription- initiation, elongation and termination. Inhibitors of transcription. Post-transcriptional processing of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA. Regulationof transcription in prokaryotes– the lac, trp, Arab operon. Extra reading/Key words: replication–transcription conflicts, R- loops, replication stress

Unit II: Eukaryotic transcription and regulation 12Hrs Eukaryotic RNA polymerases- structure and functions. RNA pol I, II and III-promoters, transcription factors, transcription complex assembly and mechanism of transcription. Transport of macromolecules across nuclear membrane.Transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes- hormonal (steroid hormone receptors), phosphorylation (Stat proteins), activation of transcriptional elongation by HIV Tat protein, cell determination. Post transcriptional processing of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA. Alternative splicing. Catalytic RNA (ribozymes), RNA editing, Antisense RNA and RNAi Extra reading/Key words: Regulation of a gene, genome-wide, pre-initiation complex,

Unit III: Genetic code & translation 12Hrs The genetic code - general features. Mitochondrial genetic code. Components of protein synthesis – mRNA, ribosomes and tRNA. Mechanism of protein synthesis in bacteria and eukaryotes - amino acid activation, initiation, elongation and termination. Translational regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Inhibition of protein synthesis. Co and posttranslational modifications.Protein degradation: the ubiquitine pathway. Protein folding- models,molecular chaperones. Extra reading/Key words: nonstandard genetic codes translation factor, genetic code evolution.

Unit IV: Gene expression and regulation: 12Hrs Genetic and epigenetic gene regulation by DNA methylation. DNA methylation in prokaryotes restriction - modification systems, Dam methylation, Dcm methylation. DNA

methylation in eukaryotes - cytosine methylation, CpG islands. Methylation and gene regulation in mammals and plants. Epigenetic gene regulation by DNA methylation in mammals - role of imprinting and X chromosome inactivation. Extra reading/Key words: DNA, Learning and memory,

Unit V: Protein - DNA Interaction 12Hrs DNA binding domain. - leucine zipper, helix loop helix, helix turn helix, zinc finger and homeo domain. DNA mobile element - Transposons. DNA foot printing assay- Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, Chromatin Immuno Precipitation, DNA hypersensitivity assay . Human Genome Project (HGP). DNA microarrays and its applications. Extra reading/Key words: protein–DNA binding, chromatin structures Note:Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing(Seminar/Assignment)

Course Outcomes: CO Course Outcomes PSOs No. Cognitive Addressed Level Explain the mechanism of Prokaryotic replication, CO-1 PSO 1 R, U transcription and regulation. Describe the mechanism of Eukaryotic replication, CO-2 PSO 2 R transcription and regulation. Enumerate the features of Genetic code and translation CO-3 PSO 2 U mechanism. Evaluate the cellular mechanism of Gene expression CO-4 PSO 3 R and regulation. Understand the concept of Protein- DNA interactions. CO-5 And molality. PSO 4 U,An

TEXT BOOKS: Molecular Cell Biology, Lodish et.al. 5th ed., WH Freeman & Company 2003. Cell and Molecular Biology De Robertis and De Robertis.. 8th ed Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd 2001

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE: The Cell- a Molecular Approach Geoffrey Cooper, Robert E Harsman, 3rd ed ASM Press 2004. Molecular Biology of the Cell Alberts et al 4th ed. Garland Science Inc. 2002. Molecular Biology, David Freifelder, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2007. Cell and Molecular Biology, Gerald Karp, 4th ed John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York2004.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year - Semester – II PRACTICAL II – ENZYMOLOGY AND MOLECULAR COURSE TITLE TECHNIQUES TOTAL HOURS 75 HOURS/WEEK 6 CODE P18BC2MCP09 COURSE TYPE PRACTICAL -II CREDITS 4 MARKS 100 General Objective: 1. To assay the activity of enzymes from different sources. 2. To study the kinetics of an enzyme catalyzed reaction.

CO Course Objectives No. CO-1 Gain an enhanced overall understanding of enzyme assays and in particular the influence of various physicochemical characteristics upon enzyme activity. CO-2 Gain an understanding of buffers and their importance in the context of pH control. CO-3 Apply and analyze the basics of the major analytical techniques including sample preparation, standardization and data analysis for each technique and develop interpersonal and teamwork skills CO-4 Evaluate the theory and practice of protein purification, chromatography, electrophoresis, centrifugation, and other essential methods in modern molecular bioscience CO-5 Gain knowledge on molecular techniques

Experiments: Buffers 1. Preparations of buffers Acid Phosphatase 2. Extraction of Acid Phosphatase from potato. 3. Determination of Total & specific activity of Acid Phosphatase 4. Effect of  pH  Temperature  Time  Activator  Inhibitor  Substrate concentration Molecular Techniques 5. Isolation of Plasmid and Genome DNA 6. Separation of DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis 7. Separation of protein by SDS- PAGE 8. Separation of serum proteins by paper electrophoresis

CO Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive No. Level Addressed

CO-1 Acquire direct laboratory experience in electrophoresis PSO 1 U

Recognize ,draw graph and calculated the enzyme CO-2 PSO 2 U,R analysis CO-3 Learn how to run gel and chromatography PSO 2 U,R Have insight in the physico-chemical properties of CO-4 PSO 3 R proteins that underlie purification methods. Gain an appreciation of working as part of an integrated CO-5 PSO 4 An research team

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE: Diagnostic Enzymology – D.Hawcroft, John Wiley & sons, 1987. The nature of Enzymology – Foster, Croom Helm, London. 1980. Understanding enzymes – T. Palmer, Prentice Hall of India, 2000. Practical clinical Biochemistry- Herald Varley, CBS Publishers & Distributors, 2006. Lab Manual in General Microbiology - N Kannan, Palaniappa Brothers, 2000. Lab Manual in Microbiology - Dr P Gunasekaran, New Age International Pub, 2000.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First year- Semester II COURSE TITLE MAJOR ELECTIVE 2 –PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY TOTAL HOURS 60 HOURS/WEEK 4 CODE P18BC2MET04 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 4 MARKS 100

General Objective 1. To understand the basic concepts of Traditional medicine 2. To study the basics of Phytochemistry and Bioethics

CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Understand the basic concept of plant tissues and membranes

CO-2 Understand the plant metabolism

CO-3 Understand the basic concept of phyto-hormones.

CO-4 Analyze the importance of nitrogen metabolism CO-5 Understand the Host parasite interaction

Unit I Overview of plant structure, major tissues in plant, structure and components of a plant cell, plant cell membrane and constituents, transport systems across cell membrane, genome organization in plant (nucleus, plastids and mitochondrial). Solute transport and photo assimilate translocation: Uptake, transport and translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem. Extra reading/Key words: DNA Structure and its role

Unit II

Transpiration, mechanisms of loading and unloading of photo assimilation. Respiration: Plant Glycolysis-cytosolic and Plastidic process; plant mitochondrial electron transport and regulation. Photosynthetic apparatus in plants, photosystems I and II, light harvesting antenna complex. Electron flow and phosphorylation; cyclic and noncyclic, oxygen evolution, Calvin cycle, C3, C4, and CAM cycle; Photorespiration, regulation of photosynthesis, RUBISCO

Extra reading/Key words: Calculation of ATP molecules

Unit III

Plant hormones: Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport. Physiological effects and Mechanisms of action of auxins, gibberlins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid. Plant defense and secondary metabolites - Terpenes, phenols, flavonoids and nitrogenous compounds and their roles in plant physiology. Methods in phytochemicals: extraction, fractionation and characterization.

Extra reading/Key words: Isolation and identification methods of phytochemicals

Unit IV:

Nitrogen metabolism- Importance of nitrogen in biological systems, nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen fixation; symbiotic and non-symbiotic, nitrogenase complex, energetics and regulation. Formation of root nodules in legumes. Assimilation of nitrate and ammonium ion. Sulfur assimilation. Stress physiology: Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature and salt) stresses; mechanisms of resistance to biotic stress and tolerance to abiotic stress.

Extra reading/Key words: Food chain and food web of nitrogen

Unit V:

Host parasite interaction: Recognition and entry processes of different pathogens like bacteria, Viruses, alteration of host cell behavior by pathogens, virus-induced cell

transformation, pathogen induced diseases in plants, cell-cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells.

Extra reading/Key words: Disease resistance mechanism

Note: Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing (Seminar/Assignment)

CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs AddressedCognitive Level CO-1 Explain the plant tissue structure, transport mechanism PSO 1 R, U,An

CO-2 Understand the photosynthesis system. PSO 2 U,An

CO-3 Understand the basic properties of Plant hormones. PSO 2 U,R CO-4 Explain the role of the nitrogen cycle in plants. PSO 3 R

CO-5 Understand and explain the Host parasite interaction PSO 4 U,An

References

1. Principles of Biochemistry; David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox, 6th Edition, 2. W. H. Freeman (2013). 3. Biochemistry; Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, 4th Edition, John Wiley and sons (2010). PM, Plant Biochemistry, Harborne JB (1997) Academic Press. 4. Introduction to Plant Biochemistry, Goodwin TW, Mercer EI (1983) 5. Plant Physiology; Taiz and Zeiger, 3rd Edition 6. Plant Biochemistry; Hans Walter Heidt, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Publishers 7. Biochemistry & Molecular biology of Plants: Buchanan BB, Gruissem W, Jones RL (2000) American Society of Plant Physiologists Rockville 8. Singhal G (1999) Concepts in Photobiology: photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis: Springer Science & Business Media.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year - Semester – II COURSE TITLE MAJOR ELECTIVE 2 – ENDOCRINOLOGY TOTAL HOURS 60 HOURS/WEEK 4 CODE P18BC2MET02 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 4 MARKS 100 General Objective To enable the students to understand the hormonal regulations of various physiological functions and to explore the various cell signaling mechanisms. Course Objectives: CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Understand the Structure and functions of Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones. CO-2 Understand the hormonal regulations of thyroid and parathyroid glands.

CO-3 Understand the synthesis, secretion, metabolism, regulation and biological effects of adrenal hormones CO-4 Understand the structure, metabolism and biological actions of gonads and pancreatic hormones. CO-5 Understand the Fundamentals concepts of signal transduction and signaling pathways

Unit I: Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones 12Hrs Hormones – classification, biosynthesis, circulation in blood, modification and

48 degradation. Hormone receptors – structure and regulation. Mechanism of hormone action. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones. Hypothalamic releasing factors. Anterior pituitary hormones: biological actions, regulation and disorders of growth hormones, ACTH, gonadotrophins and prolactin. Leptin. Posterior pituitary hormones – biological actions and regulation of vasopressin. Diabetes insipdus and SIADH secretion.Oxytocin. Hypopituitarism. Extra reading/Key words Dopamine agonists, Adenohypophysis. Neurohypophysiss

Unit II: Thyroid and parathyroid hormones 12Hrs Thyroid hormones – synthesis, secretion, regulation, transport, metabolic fate and biological actions. Antithyroid agents. Thyroid functions tests. Hyper and hypothyroidism. Hormonal regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Secretion and biological actions of PTH, calcitonin and calcitriol. Hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. Extra reading/Key words Hypertension, Calcium; homeostasis

Unit III: Adrenal hormones: 12Hrs Adrenal cortical hormones. Synthesis, regulation, transport, metabolism and biological effects. Adrenal function tests. Cushing’s syndrome, aldosteronism, congenial adrenal hyperplasia,adrenal cortical insufficiency. Adrenal medullary hormones – synthesis, secretion, metabolism,regulation and biological effects of catecholamines. Phaeochromocytoma. Extra reading/Key words: Aldosterone, Zinc Phosphate, and ACTH Secretion

Unit IV: Gonadal, G.I. and Pancreatic hormones: 12Hrs Gonadal hormones - Biosynthesis, regulation, transport, metabolism and biological actions of androgens. Hypogonadism and gynecomastia. Biosynthesis, regulation, transport, metabolism and biological effects of oestrogen and progesterone. The menstrual cycle. Pregnancy –

diagnostictests and biochemical changes. Foetal monitoring. Amenorrhoea.Pancreatic hormones – synthesis, regulation, biological effects and mechanism of action ofglucagons, somatostatin and insulin. Insuling receptor. Brief account of gastrointestinal hormones. Extra reading/Key words: somatostain, Molecular diagnosis

Unit V: Signal transduction: 12Hrs Fundamentals concepts and definitions of signals, ligands and receptors, endocrine,paracrine and autocrine signaling. Receptors and signaling pathways – cell surface receptors, ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors, receptor kinases (tyr, ser & thr). Signal transduction through cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors. The Ras - raf MAP kinase cascade, second messengers– cyclic nucleotides, lipids and calcium ions. Crosstalk in signaling pathways Extra reading/Key words: protein kinase, protein phosphatase, allosteric regulation

Note:Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing(Seminar/Assignment)

Course Outcomes: CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Addressed Level Explain various hormones secreted by endocrine CO-1 PSO 1 R, U glands and their functions. CO-2 Understand the anatomy of the endocrine system. PSO 2 R

CO-3 Understand the basic properties of hormones. PSO 2 U

Explain the role of the hormones in maintaining body CO-4 PSO 3 R function. Understand and explain the major endocrine CO-5 disorders PSO 4 An

TEXT BOOKS K.Sembulingam and Prema Sembulingam (2012) Essentials of Medical physiology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology Jean D., MD Wilson, Daniel W., MD Foster Williams W B Saunders Co, 8th edition.1992. Harper’s Biochemistry Murray, et al. 25th ed. McGraw Hill.2000 Basic Clinical Endocrinology Francis S. Greenspa & John .D.Baxter, 4th ed Prentice Hall International.1983 Human Physiology: Vol I & II C.C. Chatterjee, Medical Publisher Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 2005.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) First Year – Semester II COURSE NME 1: NON MAJOR ELECTIVE –I FOOD PROCESSING & TITLE PACKAGING TOTAL 60 HOURS HOURS/WEEK 5 CODE P18BC2NMT01 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 3 MARKS 100

General Objective: To enable the students to know the principles of different techniques used in processing and preservation of foods and to understand the packaging methods, packaging materials, packaging machineries, modern packaging techniques etc. Course Objectives CO No. Course Objectives CO-1 Understand the concepts of food processing and actively participate in every facet of the country’s growing food industry. CO-2 Understand about food systems in the production, processing and consumption of food and an appreciation of their impact on society CO-3 Understand the nature of food and human nutrition and an appreciation of the importance of food to health CO-4 Learn skills in researching, analyzing and communicating food issues, skills in experimenting with and preparing food by applying theoretical concepts CO-5 Understand and apply the skills in designing, implementing and evaluating solutions to food situations.

Unit –I 15 Hrs Scope of food processing, principles of food processing and preservation. Processing and preservation by heat blanching, pasteurization, sterilization and UHT processing, canning, extrusion cooking, dielectric heating, microwave heating, baking, roasting and frying, etc. Extra reading/Key words: raw food materials Unit- II 15 Hrs Processing and preservation by low temperature, refrigeration, freezing, dehydro- freezing, cold storage methods. Processing and preservation by dehydration, drying, concentration and evaporation- types of dryers and their suitability for different food products, ultra filtration, reverse osmosis. Extra reading/Key words: mincing and macerating, liquefaction Unit - III 15 Hrs Definitions and functions of packaging , MAP, CAP, Vacuum packing , Packaging requirements and selection of packaging materials; Types of packaging materials: Paper: Pulping, fibrillation and beating, types of papers and their testing methods. Extra reading/Key words: Aseptic processing Unit –IV 15 Hrs Food Quality Indices – Meat and Meat Products, Fish and Fish Products, Milk and Dairy Products, Vegetables, Fruits and their Products, Grains, Pulses and Oil Seeds Coffee Tea and Spices Food Adulteration: Definition, Nature of Adulterants, Methods of Evaluation of Food Adulterants and Toxic Constituents. Additives: Meaning, Classification, Types of Additives. Extra reading/Key words: white meat slaughter Unit –V 15 Hrs Food packaging system: Different forms of packaging such as rigid, semi-rigid, flexible forms and different packaging system for (a) dehydrated foods (b) frozen foods (c) dairy products (d) fresh fruits and vegetables (e) meat, poultry and sea foods. Extra reading/Key words: food spoilage Course Outcomes:

CO Course Outcomes PSOs No. Cognitive Addressed Level Explain the requirements for meat export and CO-1 PSO 1 R, U chemical and physiological structure of meat. Demonstrate processing techniques used to produce a CO-2 PSO 2 R variety of milk products. Analyse the process of harvesting, processing and CO-3 PSO 2 U,An storage of seafood. Evaluate variety of egg products produced in the CO-4 food processing industry including egg structure and PSO 3 R egg quality. Understand the sources and processing of Edible Fats CO-5 PSO 4 R,An and Oils.

Books for Reference: Richard Coles, Mark J. Kirwan. Food and Beverage Packaging Technology, 2nd Edition. Wiley Blackwell. 2011. James G.Brennan, Alistair S. Grandison. Food Processing Handbook, 2nd Edition, 2 Vol Set. 2011. James G.Brennan. Food Processing Handbook. 2006. Ramaswamy H& Marcotte M. Food Processing: Principles and Applications. Taylor &Francis. 2006. Fellows PJ. Food Processing Technology: Principle and Practice.2nd Ed.CRC. 2005. Potter NN & Hotchkiss. Food Science.5th Ed.CBC. 1997. Mahadeviah M & Gowramma RV. Food Packaging Materials. Tata McGraw Hill. 1996. Painy FA. A Handbook of Food Packaging. Blackie Academic. 1992.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) Second year – Semester III COURSE TITLE MAJOR CORE 10: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING TOTAL HOURS 75 HOURS/WEEK 5 CODE P18BC3MCT10 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 5 MARKS 100

General Objectives: 1. To study the basics of biotechnology. 2. To explore the possible applications and future potentiality of biotechnology Course Objectives CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Understand the importance of vectors to genetic engineering.

CO-2 Understand the principles of the techniques of Gene transfer methods.

CO-3 Analyze the methods of screening for Tissue culture.

CO-4 Evaluate the various techniques used in In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. CO-5 Analyze and evaluate the different applications of Bioprocess Technology. Unit – I 15 Hrs Restriction Enzymes & Cloning Vehicles: Generation of foreign DNA molecules - Enzymes used in Genetic Engineering - restriction enzymes - their types and target sites; cutting and joining DNA

55 molecules - linkers, adaptors, homopolymers; Cloning and expression vectors: Plasmids – bacteriophages (M13 and λ) PUC vectors yeast vectors,YAC, BAC, Human artifical chromosomes, Ti plasmid, SV40, baculoviruses, adenoviruses, papilloma viruses and retroviruses. Extra reading/Key words: Intellectual Property Rights, patenting Unit – II 15 Hrs Gene Transfer methods: Introduction of DNA into living cells: Basic principles - mechanism of natural gene transfer by Agrobacterium, viral vectors and particle gun method; Biolistics, electroporation, microinjection, and liposome mediated method, calcium phosphate method and lipofection. Selection and Screening of transformants: Insertional inactivation Immunological screening, Gene silencing - RNA interference. DNA Hybridization. Northern, Southern, Western Blotting and PCR- Principle, technique and applications. Extra reading/Key words: Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering

Unit – III 15 Hrs Plant Tissue Culture: Plant cell and tissue culture – culture media and cell culture. Tissue culture, micropropagation and somaclonal variation. Protoplast culture – isolation and purification of protoplasts, protoplast fusion, genetic modification of protoplasts. Use of reporter genes in transformed plant cells. Transgenic plant technology– genetic engineering of plants for pest resistance, virus resistance, Herbicide tolerance, stress tolerance and delay of fruit ripening. Use of plants to produce commercially important proteins, antibodies, viral antigens and peptide hormones. Extra reading/Key words: Commercial application of Withania somnifera and Musa paradisiaca, Crop Improvement

Unit – IV 15 Hrs Transgenic animal: In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Animal vaccines – production of vaccine for foot and mouth disease of cattle. Development of transgenic animals – retroviral, microinjection and embryonic stem cell methods. Applications of transgenic animals. Gene therapy – ex vivo and in vivo. Hazards and safety aspects of genetic engineering Extra reading/Key words: Artificial insemination

Unit – V 15 Hrs Bioprocess Technology: Bioprocess – Basic principles of microbial growth. Types, design and operation of fermenters. Fermentation culture medium – carbon, nitrogen and vitamin sources. Antifoaming devices. Downstream processing – separation, concentration, purification, modification and drying. Production of vitamin B12, penicillin, streptomycin and alcohol. Extra reading/Key words: GMO Note: Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing (Seminar/Assignment)

Course Outcomes CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Addressed Level Provide examples of current applications of biotechnology and CO-1 PSO 1 U, An Intellectual Property Rights and types, patenting understand the concept of recombinant DNA technology or CO-2 PSO 2 U,R genetic engineering Understand the Plant Tissue Culture and Transgenic plant CO-3 PSO 2 U,R technology explain the concept and applications of In vitro fertilization and CO-4 PSO 3 R, An embryo transfer methods Explain the general principles and applications of Bioprocess CO-5 PSO 4 R, An Technology

REFERENCE BOOK(S): 1. Introduction to Biotechnology Brown, Campbell and Priest Blackwell Science.1987 2. A Textbook on Biotechnology H.D. Kumar 2nd edition East West Press.1998. 3. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA, Glick B.R. and Pasternak J.J. 3nd Edition, ASM Press, Washington, D.C.2003. 4. From Genes to clones Winnaecker VCH Publication.1987. 5. Elements of Biotechnology P.K. Gupta, Rastogi Publication.1998 6. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. Walker and Gingold. 3rd ed. Panima, Publishings.1999. 7. Plant Biotechnology. Ignacimuthu, Oxford & IBH publishing company.2004 8. Recombinant DNA Technology, James watson, Michael Gilman Scientific American Publ, WH Freeman & Company 2nd edition.1992 9. Industrial Microbiology AH Patel, Macmillan India Reprint 2005.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) Second year – Semester III COURSE TITLE MAJOR CORE 11 – IMMUNOLOGY TOTAL HOURS 60 HOURS/WEEK 4 CODE P18BC3MCT11 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 4 MARKS 100 General Objectives: 1. To study in detail the components of immune system. 2. To learn the biochemical basis of immune system. Course Objectives CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Understand and apply the types of immunity and lymphoid organs and lymphocytes CO-2 Understand Immunity and Complement System

CO-3 Understand and apply the various Immunological Techniques in daily life style CO-4 Understand the Transplantation and Tumor Immunology and apply the mechanism of autoimmunity CO-5 Apply the principles behind various immunological techniques.

Unit – I 12 Hrs Lymphoid System, Antigens and Antibody: Lymphoid system - central and peripheral lymphoid organs and cells involved in immune system. Antigen, haptens, antigenicity, antigenic determinants and epitopes. Immunoglobulins basic structure, classification, functions, allotypes and idiotypes. Theories of antibody formation- side chain and clonal selection

59 theory. Antibody diversity, gene rearrangement and generation of antibody diversity. Class switching. Extra reading/Key words: tumor associated macrophages Unit – II` 12 Hrs Immunity and Complement System: Types of immunity - innate and acquired immunity. Immune response - primary and secondary - humoral and cell mediated immunity. Antigen recognition - T cell and B cell receptor complexes, antigen processing and presentation. Interaction of T and B cells, cytokines. Overview of types of vaccines. Immunological memory, cytotoxicity - immunotolerance, immunosuppression. Complement system - components, nomenclature, and activation of complement, complement receptors and alternate pathway. Extra reading/Key words: nanoparticle vaccines

Unit – III 12 Hrs Immunological Techniques: Antigen - Antibody interactions, types of reaction. Immunological techniques - Production of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Immunoprecipitation, RIA, ELISA, fluorescent immunoassay, avidin-biotin mediated assay, immunohistochemistry, immunoelectrophoresis, immunoblotting. Complement fixation test. Extra reading/Key words: nano immune assay,

Unit – IV 12 Hrs Genetic Basis of Immunology, Transplantation and Tumor Immunology: MHC complex - gene organization - HLA genes class I and II antigens. Structure and Function. Histocompatibility testing – lympho cytotoxicity test - cross matching. Transplantation - types, genetics of transplantation - graft versus host reactions. Tissue matching and immuno suppressive agents. Tumor immunology - immune surveillance, tumor antigens, immune response to tumors, immunotherapy of tumors.

Extra reading/Key words: enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot [ELISPOT]

Unit – V 12 Hrs Hypersensitivity, Autoimmune and Immunodeficiency Disorders: Hypersensitivity - definition and classification - type I, II, III, IV and V Hypersensitivity, mechanism involved, diagnosis and treatment. Autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases - mechanism of development, diagnosis and treatment.Immunodeficiency disorders - B cell deficiencies, T cell deficiencies, secondary immunodeficiency diseases-pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of AIDS. Extra reading/Key words: molecular identification Note:Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing(Seminar/Assignment)

Course Outcomes CO Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive No. Level Addressed

CO-1 State the role of the immune system in the human body PSO 1 U,R

Describe the functions of Immunity and Complement CO-2 System PSO 2 An

CO-3 Describe Immunological techniques PSO 2 U,R

CO-4 Define the gene organization and explain their functions PSO 3 R,U

Explain Autoimmune and Immunodeficiency Disorders CO-5 and explain their causes. PSO 4 R,An

REFERENCE BOOK(S): 1. Essential Immunology by Ivon Roitt, Peter J.Delver, Seamus J. Martin & Dennis R. Burton 12th ed Blackwell Publishing, Incorporated; 2011. 2. Cellular and Molecular Immunology by Abul K. Abbas, Andrew Lichtman, Saunders; 5th edition. 2005

3. Kuby Immunology Thomas J.Kindt, Richard, A. Golsby & Barbara A. Qsborne, 6th ed WH. Freeman & Company, New York. 2007. 4. The Elements of Immunology, Fahim Khan, 1st ed Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt Ltd.2009. 5. Basic & Clinical Immunology, Mark Peakman & Diego Vergani, Pearson Professional Ltd 1997. 6. Immunobiology – The Immune System in health & Diseases, Charles A. Janeway, Paul Travers, Mark Walport & J.Donald Capra. 4th ed. Garland Publishing, 1999.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) Second year – Semester III COURSE TITLE MAJOR CORE 12: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY TOTAL HOURS 60 HOURS/WEEK 5 CODE P18BC3MCT12 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 5 MARKS 100 General Objectives: 1. To impart thorough knowledge about the biochemical basis of various diseases and disorders. 2. To study various diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies available for diseases and disorders. Course Objectives CO No. Course Objectives CO-1 Remember the historical background for Clinical Biochemistry and understand the basic elements of core biochemistry and specialized test in carbohydrates CO-2 Analyze the lipid, protein and nucleic acid Metabolism abnormalities. CO-3 Understand and identify the main test functions CO-4 Understand the renal function test in clinical biochemistry. CO-5 Evaluate the scientific explanations cancer and evaluate the role of biomarkers in disease diagnosis.

Unit –I 15 Hrs Disorder of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism– glycogen storage diseases, galactosemia, fructose intolerance and fructosuria. Blood sugar homeostasis: Role of tissues and hormones in the maintenance of blood sugar. Hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glycosuria. Diabetes mellitus – classification, metabolic abnormalities, diagnosis and management. Disorders

63 of lipid metabolism – lipoproteinaemias. Lipid storage diseases – Gaucher’s, Tay Sach’s Niemann Pick disease. Fatty liver. Atherosclerosis. Extra reading/Key words: homeostasis Unit –II 15 Hrs Disorders of amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism Disorders of amino acid metabolism– amino aciduria, Phenylketonuria, Hartnup disease, alkaptonuria, albinism, cystinuria, cystinosis, homocystinuria and maple syrup urine disease. Disorders of purine, pyrimidine metabolism: Hyperuricemia and gout. Hypouricemia. Orotic aciduria. Serology: C reactive protein test, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) test. Extra reading/Key words: metabolic diet app for IEM)

Unit –III 15 Hrs Liver function test and gastric function test Jaundice- Causes, consequences, biochemical findings, treatment in jaundice, hepatitis and cirrhosis. Liver function test. Tests related to excretory (bile pigments) synthetic (plasma proteins, prothrombin time) detoxifying (hippuric acid, NH3, aminopyrine) and metabolic (galactose) functions. Gall stones. Gastric function tests- Stimulation tests – insulin and pentagastrin. Peptic ulcer, gastritis and Zollinger Ellison syndrome. Extra reading/Key words: micro RNA in atherosclerosis

Unit –IV 15 Hrs Renal function test and metabolic disorders: Kidney function- Biochemical findings in glomerulonephritis, renal failure and nephritic syndrome. Nephrolithiasis. Kidney function tests - Glomerular function tests – inulin, urea and creatinine clearance tests, renal plasma flow, plasma microglobulin. Tubular function tests – water load, concentration and acid excretion tests. Abnormal constituents of urine. Clinical enzymology - Serum enzymes and isoenzymes in health and disease – Transaminases (AST, ALT) acid. Alkaline phosphatases, amylase, LDH and CK. Extra reading/Key words: nucleic acid therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease)

Unit – V 15 Hrs Disorders of pH:, Heme disorders- Acidosis, Alkalosis porphyrias and anemias, Chlorine channel disorders, Muscular Dystrophy.The fundamental points of Good laboratory practices- resources, characterization, rules, results and quality assurance; Importance of clinical techniques- specimen collection, labeling and preservation and storage. Extra reading/Key words: IQAC, EQAC Note:Extra reading/Key words are only for internal testing(Seminar/Assignment)

Course Outcomes CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Level Addressed Discuss the biochemistry and pathophysiology CO-1 associated with tests performed in a clinical PSO 1 U biochemistry laboratory Compare and contrast the basic differences between CO-2 carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism PSO 2 R abnormalities. Describe and identify the main characteristics of CO-3 PSO 2 U,R diagnosis, screening, and prognosis of disease. Critically evaluate the role of clinical biochemistry in CO-4 PSO 3 R diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Applications of biochemistry on health, medical CO-5 PSO 4 An diagnostics and pharmacy.

REFERENCE BOOK(S): 1. Clinical Chemistry in diagnosis and treatment, Philip. D. Maine & Edward Arnold, 6th ed ELBS.1994. 2. Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, 3rd ed- Tietz, WB Saunders, Burtis & Ashwood, 1999. 3. Principles of Internal Medicine. Harrison’s Vol 1 & 2, 16th edition Mc Graw Hill.2005.

4. Biochemistry and disease.Cohn and Roth, Williams and Wilkins, 1996. 5. The Metabolic & Molecular Basis of inherited Diseases, Vol 1 - 4 8th ed Serives, Vallersty, Tata McGraw Hill Companies, 2001. 6. Clinical Biochemistry – Metabolic & Clinical Aspects, William J.Marshall, Stephen K.Bansert, Churchill Livingstone, 1995. 7. Clinical Chemistry – Principles, procedures, correlations – Bishop, Lippincott.2000. 8. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlation Thomas M Devlin 2nd ed Wiley & Sons.2006 9. Clinical Biochemistry-Allan GAW Michael J, an Illustrated Colour Text, 5th Edition, 2013. 10. Harper's Biochemistry 25th Edition-Peter A. Mayes (Author), Robert K. Murray, 1999.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) Second year – Semester III COURSE TITLE MAJOR CORE 13 -PRACTICAL-III - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY & IMMUNOLOGY TOTAL HOURS 90 HOURS/WEEK 6 CODE P18BC3MCP13 COURSE TYPE PRACTICAL CREDITS 4 MARKS 100

General Objective: The student will be able to concentrate on commonly used clinical techniques to develop competencies in the interpretation of results

Course Objectives CO No. Course Objectives CO-1 understand and apply the knowledge of the theory and practice of various clinical techniques like clinical biochemistry and immunology

CO-2 understand and apply biochemical investigations to develop a clinical diagnosis; CO-3 clinically assess the laboratory indicators of physiologic conditions and diseases And acquire the necessary professional and research skills to promote lifelong learning and career development. CO-4 understand how to assess blood test results and their involvement in the assessment of different pathologies CO-5 integrate the knowledge gained on Biochemistry, Anatomy and Physiology, in order to understand the pathophysiology of disease processes and their correlation in the study of body functions

Serology 1. Collection and storage of blood 2. Estimation of blood glucose by enzymatic method. 3. Estimation of serum proteins by Biuret method. Calculate A/G ratio 4. Estimation of plasma fibrinogen. 5. Estimation of blood urea by DAM method. 6. Estimation of serum triglycerides. 7. Estimation of serum cholesterol by Zlatkis, Zak and Boyle method. 8. Estimation of serum bilirubin by Malloy and Eveyln method. 9. Estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin 10. Estimation of uric acid in serum 11. Estimation of serum creatinine by alkaline picrate method Immunology 12. Grouping of blood and Rh typing. 13. Latex agglutination test for rheumatoid factor and pregnancy. 14. Widal test – rapid slide test for typhoid 15. VDRL test – test for syphilis Hematology 16. Total RBC count 17. Total WBC count (TC &D C) 18. Total platelet count 19. Determination of hemoglobin content 20. Determination of clotting time. 21. Determination of prothrombin time 22. Determination of ESR. Urine Analysis 23. Qualitative analysis of normal and pathological constituents in urine

Course Outcomes CO Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive No. Addressed Level Critically evaluate the role of clinical biochemistry in CO-1 PSO 1 U,R diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Applications of biochemistry on health, medical CO-2 PSO 2 R, An diagnostics and pharmacy. clinically assess the laboratory indicators of CO-3 PSO 2 U.R physiologic conditions and diseases know the biochemical and molecular tools needed to CO-4 accomplish preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic PSO 3 R intervention on hereditary and acquired disorders Define solubility, percent concentration, molarity, mole CO-5 fraction, and molality. PSO 4 An

REFERENCE BOOK(S): 1. Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Alan H Gowenlock, published by CBS Publishers and distributors, India Sixth Edition, 1988. 2. Laboratory manual in Biochemistry T.N.Pattabiraman. All India publishers, 1998. 3. Practical Biochemistry for Students, Varunkumar Malhotra, Jaypee Bros, 1986. 4. Laboratory Manual in Bio Chemistry, Jayaraman, New Age International Pub, 2000. 5. Medical Lab Technology Vol I& II, Kanai L Mukerjee New Delhi: Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Company, 1996. 6. Hand Book of Experimental Physiology & Biochemistry, Chandha PV, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers New Delhi 1993

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) Second year – Semester III

MAJOR ELECTIVE 3 – BIOPHYSICAL COURSE TITLE CHEMISTRY

TOTAL HOURS 75

HOURS/WEEK 4

CODE P18BC3MET01

COURSE TYPE THEORY

CREDITS 4

MARKS 100

General Objective: The student learns about the laws, concepts and theories of physical chemistry applied in biological systems.

Course Objectives

CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 To develop a general understanding of how physical laws govern biological processes. CO-2 To Acquire basic knowledge about how physical methods can be applied to understand biological processes. CO-3 To relate between structure, functions and dynamics of biological macromolecules.

CO-4 To understand and analyze the forces governing protein folding and misfolding.

CO-5 Developing an understanding on how statistical mechanics can be applied to understand the properties of biological membranes

UNIT :I GASEOUS STATE : Dalton’s law of partial pressures – Henry’s law – Gas analysis in biological systems – PC02 and PO2 gaseous exchange in the lungs arterial and ventral capillaries.

UNIT : II

CHEMICAL KINETICS : Rate – Definition and Methods of determination – Rate Laws – Specific rate constant –Order as applied to first, second, zero and fractional order reactions – Molecularity.

UNIT :III

THERMODYNAMICS : Heat and work – various forms of energy – Interconversion of forms of energy – Definition of heat, temperature and heat capacity.

First and second law of thermodynamics – Clausius - Claypeyron equation – Definition of enthalpy, entropy and heat content - Isothermal, Adiabatic, reversible and irreversible processes – Classical example of equipartition of energy.

Hess’s law and its application – Free energy changes during chemical reactions. Bond energies and heat of combustion Calculation of free energy change from equilibrium constant of biological transformations – Kirchoff’s equation.

Definition of pH and pOH – Buffer solutions – Preparation and uses – Buffer action – Henderson equation – pH of body fluids Buffers in body fluids – Red blood cells and tissues – Measurement of pH by indicators, Hydrogen electrode and glass electrode method.

UNIT : IV

COLLOIDAL STATE : Size of colloidal particles – Types of colloidal dispersions (Sol, aerosols, emulsion forms, gels) Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols – protective colloids – Gold number – Stability of colloids – precipitation – coagulation – Flocculation.Properties of colloids – colligative, properties, optical properties, Electrical properties.Gasometric phenomenon and osmoregulation in the body – Electrosomosis - Electrophoresis.Importance and applications of colloids.

UNIT V:

ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES: Principles of electrochemical techniques – reference electrodes, Measurement of PH by glass electrode, ion selective electrodes and gas sensors. Redox potentials principles potentiometric titrations oxygen electrode - principle, operation of a Clark electrode, applications of oxygen electrode.

Course Outcomes:

PSOs Cognitive Course Outcomes CO No Addressed Level

Demonstrate knowledge of the fundamental concepts in

CO-1 PSO 1 U physics and chemistry that underlie biological

processes.

Describe the principles that govern biomolecular

interactions and appreciate how established methods of research and

CO-2 PSO 2 An

enquiry are employed to analyze the different

aspects of

these interactions.

Acquire a thorough knowledge of the fundamental

principles of thermodynamics and kinetics and their CO-3 applications to PSO 2 U,R

biological systems.

Account for the different interactions that are important for the

CO-4 PSO 3 R

formation of structures in biological systems

Understand and predict how chemical and

biological CO-5 PSO 4 E

processes work

REFERENCE : 1. Upadhyay A., Upadhyay k. & Nath N. (2000). First edn., Biophysical chemistry Himalaya

publishing House.

2. Puri Sharma pathania :Principles of physical chemistry 3rd edn., Vishal publication [1983]

3. Bahl. B.S. Tuli.G.D and Arun Bahl : Essentials of physical chemistry [1982]

th 4. Murray R.K. Granner D. K. Mayes P.A. Rodwell V.W Harper’s Biochemisty 24 edn., A lange medical Book – prentice Hall International Inc[1994]

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) Second year – Semester III COURSE TITLE MAJOR ELECTIVE III –BASICS OF BIOINFORMATICS TOTAL HOURS 60 HOURS/WEEK 4 CODE P18BC3MET05 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 4 MARKS 100

General Objective: 1. The course is designed to aim at imparting a basic level appreciation programme for the common man. 2. After completing the course the incumbent is able to the use the computer for basic purposes of preparing his personnel/business letters, viewing information on Internet (the web), sending mails, using internet banking services etc. 3. This allows a common man or housewife to be also a part of computer users list by making them digitally literate.

Course Objectives: The student will be able to CO 1 Apply the packages to gain a better understanding of the computer.

CO 2 Understand the functions of smart devices and online data bases

CO 3 Analyse the purpose of social networking and gene bank

CO 4 Discuss the need for e-services in structural data bases

CO 5 Assessment of updated multiple alignment

UNIT - I: (12Hrs)

Bioinformatics - an overview, definition and history. Bioinformatics Glossary. Evolution of Bioinformatics - Scope - Potentials of Bioinformatics Human Genome Project - Bioinformatics in India - Future of Bioinformatics. Extra Reading/Key words: Units of Data Storage.

UNIT - II: (12Hrs)

Protein information resources: Primary data base – PIR, MIPS and Swissprot, TrEMBL. Composite protein Sequence data bases – NRDB, OWL, MIPSX, Swissprot and TrEMBL. Secondary data bases – Prosite, PRINTS, BLOCKS, Profiles, Pfam, IDENTIFY. Composite pattern databases – SCOP – CATH. Extra Reading/Key words: Google for drug designing UNIT - III (12Hrs)

Genome information resources: EMBL, DDBJ, Genbank and its flat file dissection - Specialized genome databases –dbEST – Unigene – GSDB. Extra Reading/Key words: How to stay out of diseases

UNIT - IV: (12Hrs)

Structural databases – Introduction – PDB – MMDB – Structure file formats – Structural viewers and Structure similarity searching. Extra Reading/Key words: Social Security Schemes

UNIT - V: (12Hrs)

Sequence Alignment – Pairwise alignment – Multiple sequence alignment – Softwares used in sequence alignment. Extra Reading/Key words: Applications of HGP Note: Extra Reading/ Key Words are only for internal testing (Seminar / Assignments)

CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Level Addressed Identify various presentation software, Recall CO-1 PSO1 An Bioinformatics applications Define how computers are used in database and CO-2 PSO4 E sequencing Recall the inner components and working patterns of CO-3 PSO5 R smart gene bank Differentiate between the various uses of the internet CO-4 and software for searching, productivity in novel PSO3 An drugs CO-5 Utilization of softwares in sequences formation PSO1 Ap

REFERENCE BOOKS:- 1. Introduction to Bioinformatics - Attwood T.K. and Parry Smith D.J Published by Pearson Education Ltd., New Delhi (2004) 2. Arthur M. Lesk Introduction to Bioinformatics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi (2003) 3. A.Baxevanis and B.F. Ouellette, Wiley Bioinformatics - A Practical guide to the analysis of genes and proteins. (ed) - Interscience, New York, 2001. 4. D.Higgins and W.Taylor (Eds), Bioinformatics- Sequence, Structure and databanks, Oxford University Press, New Delhi (2000). 5. S.R.Swindell, R.RMiller and G.S.A.Myers (Eds) Internet for the Molecular Biologist, Horizon Scientific Press, Wymondham,UK, (1996). Andrea Cabibbo, Richard Grant and Manuela Helmer-Citterich (Eds), The Internet for Cell and Molecular Biologists (2nd Ed) Horizon scientific Press, Norwich UK (2004)

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) Second year – Semester III COURSE TITLE MAJOR ELECTIVE III –BIOSTATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY TOTAL HOURS 60 HOURS/WEEK 4 CODE P18BC3MET05 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 4 MARKS 100

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. The course emphasizes on various statistical methods and its significance. 2. The students are expected to understand the concepts and solve relevant problems pertaining to each topic. 3. To provide sufficient background to be able to interpret statistical results in research.

Course Objectives

CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Understand and apply the concept of various representations of data

CO-2 Understand and apply the measures of central tendency

CO-3 Understand and apply the types of correlations and regressions

CO-4 Understand Characteristics and Function of Research CO-5 Understand Techniques involved in defining the problem.

Unit I (12Hrs)

Statistical survey – Organizing, planning and executing the survey. Source of data - Primary and secondary data, collection, observation, interview, enquiry forms, questionnaire schedule and check list. Classification and tabulation of data. Diagrammatic and graphic presentation of data.

Extra reading/key words: mini survey

Unit II (12Hrs)

Measures of central tendency - arithmetic mean, median, mode, quartiles, deciles and percentiles. Measures of variation - range, quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation, Coefficient of variation. Correlation analysis - Scatter diagram, Karl's Pearson's coefficient of correlation and Spearman's rank method. Regression analysis.

Extra reading/key words: big data analytics, sib-sib (intraclass) correlation, parent- child (interclass), regression analysis in business

Unit III (12Hrs)

Probability - Definition, concepts, theorems (proof of the theorems not necessary) and calculations of probability - Simple problems. Theoretical distributions –Binomial, Poisson and normal distribution - Simple problems (proof of the theorems not necessary). Correlation, regression and ANOVA: Analysis of variance: One way and two way ANOVA, MONOVA

Extra reading/key words: Decision Errors, Decision Rules

Unit IV (12Hrs) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. Meaning of Research - Function of Research Meaning of Research - Function of Research – Characteristics of Research – Steps involved in Research – Research in Pure and Applied Sciences - Inter Disciplinary Research. Factors which hinder Research – Significance of Research - Research and scientific methods – Research Process– Criteria of good Research – Problems encountered by Researchers – Literature review.

Extra reading/key words: Decision Errors, Decision Rules

Unit V: (12Hrs)

Identification of Research Problem Selecting the Research problem – Necessity of defining the problem – Goals and Criteria for identifying problems for research. Perception of Research problem – Techniques involved in defining the problem – Source of problems – Personal consideration.

(Extra reading/key words: formulation system) Note: Extra Reading/ Key Words are only for internal testing (Seminar / Assignments)

Course Outcomes

CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Level Addressed Select, use and interpret results of descriptive CO-1 PSO 1 R, An statistical methods effectively Demonstrate an understanding of the central concepts CO-2 of modern statistical theory and their probabilistic PSO 2 U foundation; Select, use, and interpret results of, the principal CO-3 PSO 2 R, An methods of statistical inference and design CO-4 Understand the Research and scientific methods PSO 3 R Understand the Goals and Criteria for identifying CO-5 PSO 4 U,An problems for research TEXTBOOK: 1. S.Palanichamy & M. Manoharan, (1991) Statistical methods for Biologists. Palani paramount publications. BOOKS FOR REFERENCE: 1. Gupta, C.D. (1973) An Introduction to statistical Methods. Vikas Publishing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Veer Bala Rastogi. Fundamentals of Biostatistics.

2. Ipsen,J & Feigl, P.(1970) Bancrofts Introduction of Biostatistics Haper and Row Publishers, New York, London. 3. Snedecor, G.W & William (1975) Statistical Methods Harvard University, Oxford & IBH publication Co., Calcutta Bombay. 4. Lal, B. (2002) Research Methodology, ABD Publishers. India 5. Rahim F.A. Thesis Writing: A manual for researchers. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers, 1988.Print. 6. Gopalan. Thesis Writing. Chennai: Vijay Nicole, 2005.Print. 7. Oliver, Paul, Writing your Thesis. New Delhi: Sage Publication, 2008. Print. M.L.A. Style sheet.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) Second year – Semester III NME 1I: NON MAJOR ELECTIVE PAPER II- COURSE TITLE WASTE MANAGEMENT AND BIOREMEDIATION TOTAL HOURS 60 HOURS/WEEK 5 CODE P18BC3NMT02 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 3 MARKS 100

General Objective 1. To provide information about various types wastes and waste characteristics. 2. To introduce about the waste management practices - collection and treatment of various types of wastes. 3. To impart knowledge on waste remediation and recycling processes.

CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Understand and apply the types of waste and pollution

CO-2 Understand source, types, disposal principles and Municipal Solid wastes management CO-3 Understand and apply the various Hazardous Waste Management

CO-4 Understand the E-wastes Environmental impacts. CO-5 Apply the principles behind Bio composting techniques.

UNIT I: (12Hrs) Introduction to waste and pollution Wastes - Introduction, sources, collection, characteristics, composition, types of wastes – Global scenario of wastes - wastes generation per capita - Wastes collection, storage, segregation – disposal methods - sanitary land fillings. Extra reading/key words: waste recycling methods UNIT II: Municipal Solid wastes management (12Hrs)

MSW – Sources, types, collection, transportation and disposal – Waste segregation, resource recovery, recovery of recyclable and non-recyclable wastes – reuse and recycling of MSW – Disposal – Incineration, pyrolysis, composing, aerobic and anaerobic digestion. Biomedical wastes – source, types, disposal principles. Extra reading/key words: Use of solid waste as manure

UNIT III: Hazardous Waste Management (12Hrs)

Introduction, characteristics, sources – Types of hazardous wastes (industrial, hospital, domestic) – Handling of hazardous solid wastes – segregation and recovery – Disposal of hazardous wastes – Radioactive hazardous wastes – source, types, control, management and remediation. Extra reading/key words: Diseases cause by hazardous wastes

UNIT IV: Plastic and E-wastes (12Hrs)

Plastic wastes - Sources, Facts and figures of plastic wastes in national and international level, environmental effects and control measures – E-wastes – sources, types, recovery, reuse – E-wastes pollutant chemicals - E-wastes Environmental impacts. Extra reading/key words: deterioration of e- waste Unit V: Remediation of Pollutants (12Hrs)

Bioremediation - Description – Biostimulation, Gaseous nutrient stimulation organic liquid stimulation – Bio-augmentation – Limitations and Concerns – Biofertilizer technology – Bio composting techniques.

Extra reading/key words: Biofertilizers from waste Note: Extra Reading/ Key Words are only for internal testing (Seminar / Assignments)

CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Addressed Level Critically evaluate the Wastes collection, storage, segregation CO-1 PSO 1 U,R and disposal methods Understand the recovery of recyclable and non-recyclable CO-2 PSO 2 U,R, wastes CO-3 assess the Hazardous Waste Management PSO 2 U.R know the Sources, Facts and figures of plastic wastes in CO-4 PSO 3 R national and international level

CO-5 Define Remediation of Pollutants PSO 4 U,An

REFERENCES 1. Choudharay DK, (2012). Waste Management and Bioremediation. Oxford Book Company 21 2. Singh J and Ramanathan AL, Solid Waste Management – Present and Future Challenges. I.K. International Publishing House. Pvt. Ltd. 3. Subash Anand, (2010). Solid Waste Management, Mittal Publication, New Delhi 4. Rakesh Johri, (2008). E-waste implications, regulations & Management in India and Current global best practices, TERI Press, New Delhi 5. John Pitchel, (2005). Waste Management Practices, Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 6. Bhide and Sundaresan, (2000). Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries – Indian National Scientific Documentation Center, New Delhi

7. CPHEEO, (2010). Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facilities 8. CPHEEO, (2000). Manual on Solid Waste Management 9. Hester RE and RM Harrison, (2009) Electronic Waste Management, Design Analysis & Application, RSC Publishing, UK

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) Second year – Semester IV COURSE TITLE MAJOR CORE –14-GENETICS AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY TOTAL HOURS 75 HOURS/WEEK 5 CODE P18BC4MCT14 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 5 MARKS 100

General Objective: 1. To study the cellular basis of development. 2. To elucidate the early development process of humans.

CO No. Course Objectives CO-1 Understand and apply the types of inheritance CO-2 Understand determination & differentiation of species CO-3 Understand the development and sex determination in humans CO-4 Understand the Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals. CO-5 Apply the principles behind Implications of developmental biology.

Unit I (15 Hrs) Classical Genetics: Mendelian genetics: genotype and phenotype, Sex determination and Inheritance: Theories of inheritance. Allele concept- principles of segregation and independent assortment. Chromosomal theory, X - linked inheritance. Dominant and recessive of genes. Common X- linked genetic diseases in human. Extra reading/key words: X - linked inheritance

Unit II (15 Hrs) Basic concepts: General concept of organisms development: Potency, commitment, specification, induction, competence, determination & differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate & cell lineages; genomic equivalence and cytoplasmic determinants; imprinting. General principles of cell- cell communication in development: cell adhesion and roles of different adhesion molecules, gap junctions, extracellular matrix, integrins, paracrine factors. Extra reading/key words: determination & differentiation

Unit III (15 Hrs) Fertilization, development and sex determination in humans: Gametogenesis. Sperm & Egg formation; ultra-structure of sperm and ovum, egg types, egg membrane. Fertilization, cleavage, Morula, Implantation, blastula ion, gastrulation, formation of germ layers, axis formation - anterior and posterior. Sex determination - chromosomes Extra reading/key words: Sex determination

Unit IV (15 Hrs) Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: Cell aggregation and differentiation in Dictyostelium; axes and pattern formation in Drosophila, organogenesis and regeneration in vertebrates; Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot and root apical meristem; shoot and root development; leaf development and phyllotaxy; transition to flowering, floral meristems and floral development in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum. Extra reading/key words: Morphogenesis Unit V (15 Hrs) Implications of developmental biology: Medical implications of developmental biology - genetic disorders in human development, environmental assaults on human development, Future therapies, Environmental regulation of animal development - Environment as a part of normal development, Polyphenisms, plasticity and Learning.

Extra reading/key words: Polyphenisms Note: Extra Reading/ Key Words are only for internal testing (Seminar / Assignments)

Course Outcomes

CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Addressed Level Critically evaluate the genotype and phenotype, Sex CO-1 PSO 1 U,R determination And Inheritance Understand the General concept of organisms CO-2 PSO 2 U,R, development CO-3 assess the development and sex determination in humans PSO 2 U.R CO-4 know the Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals PSO 3 R

CO-5 Define Implications of developmental biology PSO 4 U,An

Reference Books 1. Developmental Biology, (Ed: 9) - Gilbert S.F. Sinauer Associates Inc. Massachusetts, USA,2010. 2. Developmental Biology, TMH Edition, Berrill N.J, 1974. 3.Animal Regeneration- Diwan A.P., Dhakad N.K., Anmol Publications Ltd, India, 1996. 4. Developmental Biology- Browder L.W., Erickson C.A., and Jeffery W.R, Saunder College Publishing House, Philadelphia, USA, 1991. 5. Genetics, 3rd edition- Strickberger, Prentice Hall of India, 2002. 6. Genes VII- Benjamin Lewin, Oxford University Press, 2000. 7.Genetics- Sarin C, Tata McGraw–Hill Publishing Co., Ltd., New Delhi, 1990. 8. Genetics- Gupta PK, Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India, 1996. 9. Molecular Biology of the Cell, (Ed: 3) - Alberts B, Garland Science, USA, 2002. 10. Evolutionary Developmental Biology (2nd edition) - Brian K. Hall, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

HOLY CROSS COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) PG DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Students admitted from the year 2018 onwards) Second year – Semester IV COURSE TITLE BASICS OF HERBAL MEDICINE TOTAL HOURS - HOURS/WEEK - CODE P18BC4SST01 COURSE TYPE THEORY CREDITS 2 MARKS 100 General Objective: 1. To study the basis of Herbal medicine. 2. To elucidate the therapeutic uses of herbs to humans. CO No. Course Objectives

CO-1 Understand the basic concept of Ethanomedicine. CO-2 Understand and importance of medicinal plants CO-3 Analyze the medications of tribal and folk to treat diseases

CO-4 Understand the basic concept of traditional knowledge of medicine CO-5 Understand the medicinal uses of fruits and vegetables Unit I Ethnomedicine – definition, history and its scope – Inter disciplinary approaches in ethanobotany Extra reading/key words: sidha,Ayurvedha,unani Unit II Importance of medicinal plants – role in human health care – health and balanced diet (Role of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). Extra reading/key words: Phytotherapeutics Unit III Tribal medicine – methods of disease diagnosis and treatment – Plants in folk religion – Curcuma domestica and Sesamum indicum.

Extra reading/key words: Anticancer drugs Unit IV Traditional knowledge and utility of some medicinal plants in Tamilnadu –Eclipta Alba, Aristolochia indica and Phyllanthus fraternus. Extra reading/key words: Plants in Western Ghats Unit V Plants in day today life – Ocimum sanctum, Aloe vera. Nutritive and medicinal value of some fruits (Orange, Mango, Banana, Lemon, Pomegranate) and vegetables - Greens (Moringa, Solanum nigrum Cabbage). Extra reading/key words: Guava, Sapota Note: Extra Reading/ Key Words are only for internal testing (Seminar / Assignments)

CO No. Course Outcomes PSOs Cognitive Addressed Level CO-1 Demonstrate the importance of Ethanomedicine PSO 1 U

CO-2 Develop an understanding of medicinal plants PSO 2 R,An Assess the mechanism of drug action of tribal CO-3 PSO 2 R medicine CO-4 describe the source of Drugs in Tamilnadu PSO 3 R,An Assess the therapeutic role of plants in day to day CO-5 PSO 4 An life References Ethnobiology – R.K.Sinha & Shweta Sinha. Surabhe Publications – Jaipur. 2001 Tribal medicine – D.C. Pal & S.K. Jain Naya Prakash, 206, Bidhan Sarani, Calcutta, 1998 Contribution to Indian ethnobotany – S.K. Jain, 3rd edition, Scientific Publishers, B.No. 91, Jodhpur,India. 2001 A Manual of Ethnobotany – S.K.Jain, 2nd edition, 1995