DOCSLIB.ORG

© Copyright by Luziris Pineda Turi December, 2012

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
© Copyright by Luziris Pineda Turi December, 2012 © Copyright by Luziris Pineda Turi December, 2012 WRITER MARÍA LUISA GARZA: PRECURSOR OF HISPANIC FEMENISM _______________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Hispanic Studies University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Luziris Pineda Turi December, 2012 WRITER MARÍA LUISA GARZA: PRECURSOR OF HISPANIC FEMENISM _______________ An Abstract of a Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Hispanic studies University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Luziris Pineda Turi December, 2012 ABSTRACT The beginning of the twentieth century marked a period of change for women; many Mexican were affected by the Mexican Revolution, Temperance and modernity. María Luisa Garza, an exiled elite woman, wrote and traveled between Texas and Mexico during this time. This dissertation takes a closer look at her literary production as seen in La Época and El Heraldo de México along with two of her novels: La novia de Nervo and Tentáculos de fuego. In approaching her journalistic production, this work traces the historical roots of the crónica genre up to its incarnation in U.S. Spanish-language newspapers. There is also a consideration of how the author’s gender and choice of literary genre matter. The crónicas are treated to close-readings with regards to: womanhood, class, the Mexican Revolution and femininity. This dissertation also provides a context for Garza’s novels and exposes her literary liberty when self-publishing them. What discursive growth or differences are apparent in the novels as compared to the crónicas? Lastly, Garza’s activism is vital to understanding her and the research here highlights her community involvement. Finally, the work here initiates a discussion of the theoretical tools necessary for this archival recovery. The U.S. Hispanic archive is still being recovered and most scholars are working with makeshift theories constructed from archival theories of writers from the United States or elsewhere. This dissertation also explores a theoretical framework with which future scholars can guide their own work. Moreover, this dissertation proposes that both U.S Hispanic literary studies and Chicana feminist history would benefit from taking a closer look at the work of these women. By exploring Chicana categories of identification that limit the literary figures deemed relevant and by making use of the theories proposed by Emma Pérez and Chela Sandoval, women like Garza can then be considered pertinent to Chicana studies. The type of archival recovery done for this research is developing as more archives are found and scholars develop the theoretical tools necessary for the analysis of said archives. This dissertation presents one possible mode of recovery and analysis for María Luisa Garza and women like her. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My work in U.S. Hispanic literature was guided and encouraged by Dr. Nicolás Kanellos, or “el Profe,” as he is known to those of us lucky enough to work with him. His groundbreaking work with the Recovering the U.S. Hispanic Literary Heritage Project afforded me opportunities for research and travel that would have never occurred otherwise. I am indebted to Dr. Kanellos and the Recovery for their intellectual and financial support. My journey in literary studies began earlier in my university career. As a junior majoring in Biology at the University of Houston and hoping to become a Geneticist, I had the opportunity to take a Spanish class with Dr. Anadeli Bencomo. Through many meetings and conversations, she nurtured and affirmed my love for literature and encouraged my intellectual curiosity in the field. Since then, Dr. Bencomo has been a constant source of inspiration for the type of woman and professional I seek to be. I am also grateful to the other members of my committee: Dr. José Aranda, Dr. Guillermo de los Reyes, Dr. Pedro Gutiérrez and Dr. William Hogue. Specifically, Dr. De Los Reyes inspired me to pursue more challenging theoretical methods and offered priceless academic advice. Both Dr. Hogue and Dr. María González from the English Department guided my studies within the fields of feminism and literary theory while providing crucial guidance for my role in academia. Along with my committee, the Women’s Gender and Sexuality Studies program gave me the opportunity to work as a Graduate Assistant and granted me financial support for travel. WGSS also introduced me to a number of positive role-models: Jeanne Scheper, Mamta Accapadi, Lauran Kerr-Heraly and Elizabeth Gregory. These women not only offered academic support but also extended kindness and understanding that have proven crucial to my success, and shared wisdom I will take with me into the next phase of my career. During my studies I was fortunate to be surrounded by amazing friends and colleagues. Ana-María Medina and María Teresa Vera-Rojas became my sisters through our shared coffee shop moments, hours studying, meetings, traveling and emotional support. Other important colleagues-turned-friends who played an important role in my life and career include: Siân White, Lucas Jimenez, Cecilia Marrugo, Sarah Ohmer, Ramiro Juárez and Sara Mason. They created a support network for me that enabled me to develop ideas, express doubts and celebrate successes. I would like to thank my family, whose sacrifices and constant support influenced the woman and academic I am today. My dad, José T. Pineda, provided a shining example of excellent work ethic and honesty. His twelve hours shifts seven days a week and his commitment to providing for me so as to guarantee my success will never been forgotten. My mom, Laura A. Luna, showed me how to love unconditionally and encouraged me to dream big dreams. Her ability to balance her career and motherhood influence my own aspirations as a woman. My brother, José Pineda, constantly challenged my views and research by asking the questions that needed to be asked and pushing me beyond my comfort zone; our long talks have been essential for developing the way I think about my work. I have also admired his passion and vision for influencing our community in a positive way. I am grateful for the love and support of my extended family in Houston, and of my family in Honduras and Argentina, whose presence was felt even at a distance. Lastly, I am fortunate to have begun and completed my graduate studies with Jonathan Turi at my side, as my best friend and spouse. To have someone to share my life with, who believes in me and encourages me, has enabled me to excel. My success is a reflection of Jonathan’s love and support during long hours writing, many conferences and academic duties. His willingness to walk by side during this journey has made possible the achievement of this goal. These acknowledgements remind us all that our work is never the product of an individual. I am only as great as the people who surround me and who have supported me. This dissertation is as much theirs as it is mine. I am humbled and grateful. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………v Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………vii Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..1 Theory and Methodology……………………………………………………………….…2 Chapter Summaries………………………………………………………………………..4 María Luis Garza: The Life of a Mujer de Talento……………………………………….7 1.0 Creando Lazos: Chicana Studies and Mexican Feminism in the United States, 1910-1940...............................................................................................................14 1.1 Introduction…………………..…………..………………………………14 1.2 A Brief History: Chicana Feminism and the Chicano Movement……….18 1.3 Chicano Studies: A Process of Redefinition……………………………..21 1.4 A New Kind of History………………………………………………..…29 1.5 Against Monolithic Chicana Feminism: Class Issues……………………35 1.6 Will the True Feminist Please Stand Up?..................................................42 1.7 Chicana Feminism’s Opposing Views…………………………………...47 1.8 Conclusion……………………………………………………………….50 2.0 It’s a Man’s Genre: Chronicling a Female Cronista’s Work……...……………..52 2.1 Genealogy of the Crónica………………………………………………..52 2.2 Women and the Press…………………………………………………….60 2.3 Genre and Gender: On Being a Female Cronista……………………..…64 2.4 Dialectical Strategies: Crónicas and Themes……………………………74 2.5 Social Class: Working for the Working…………………………….……77 2.6 Loreley’s Revolution…………………………………………………….83 2.7 Feminist Femininity: La mujer de talento……………………………….86 2.8 Conclusion……………………………………………………………….97 3.0 Mexican Nationalism through Revolution and Temperance: Two Novels by María Luisa Garza…………………………………..…………………………………………..99 3.1 Historical Context: The Twentieth Century Mexican Novel…………….99 3.2 The Personal as Revolutionary: La novia de Nervo as a Novel of the Mexican Revolution………………………………………………………….…………104 3.3 Tentáculos de fuego: Temperance, Naturalism and Gender……………132 3.4 Conclusion……………………………………………………………...149 4.0 Beyond the Written Word: María Luisa Garza’s Social Activist Legacy……...151 4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………..151 4.2 The Written Word as Weapon: Miguel Ceniceros……………………...151 4.3 The Death Penalty and a Mexican Immigrant: The Case of Pedro Sánchez…………………………………………………………………………155 4.4 Altruism, Patriotism and La Cruz Azul Mexicana……………………...157 4.5 Feminism and the Pan American Round Table………………………...165 4.6 The Mexican Flag in Baltimore, Maryland……………………………..168
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Examining the Lives of Five Mexican American Female
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Texas A&M Repository EXAMINING THE LIVES OF FIVE MEXICAN AMERICAN FEMALE EDUCATORS WITH MORE THAN 25 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN SOUTH TEXAS BORDER SCHOOLS A Dissertation by GEORGEANNE RAMON-REUTHINGER Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2005 Major Subject: Curriculum and Instruction © 2005 GEORGEANNE RAMON-REUTHINGER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED EXAMINING THE LIVES OF FIVE MEXICAN AMERICAN FEMALE EDUCATORS WITH MORE THAN 25 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN SOUTH TEXAS BORDER SCHOOLS A Dissertation by GEORGEANNE RAMON-REUTHINGER Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Patricia J. Larke Committee Members, Norvella P. Carter Juan Lira Salvador Hector Ochoa Head of Department, Dennie L. Smith December 2005 Major Subject: Curriculum and Instruction iii ABSTRACT Examining the Lives of Five Mexican American Female Educators With More Than 25 Years of Experience in South Texas Border Schools. (December 2005) GeorgeAnne Ramon-Reuthinger, B.S., Texas A&I University; M.Ed., Texas A&I University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Patricia J. Larke This study was a qualitative study that explored the lives of Mexican American female educators with more than 25 years of experience teaching in South Texas border schools. The purpose of the study was to explore the participants’ views and perceptions regarding their educational experiences, both formal and informal, within the contexts of community, political climate, family, religious, and educational institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Siete Lenguas: the Rhetorical History of Dolores Huerta and the Rise of Chicana Rhetoric Christine Beagle
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository English Language and Literature ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2-1-2016 Siete Lenguas: The Rhetorical History of Dolores Huerta and the Rise of Chicana Rhetoric Christine Beagle Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/engl_etds Recommended Citation Beagle, Christine. "Siete Lenguas: The Rhetorical History of Dolores Huerta and the Rise of Chicana Rhetoric." (2016). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/engl_etds/34 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Language and Literature ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Garcia i Christine Beagle Candidate English, Rhetoric and Writing Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Michelle Hall Kells, Chairperson Irene Vasquez Natasha Jones Melina Vizcaino-Aleman Garcia ii SIETE LENGUAS: THE RHETORICAL HISTORY OF DOLORES HUERTA AND THE RISE OF CHICANA RHETORIC by CHRISTINE BEAGLE B.A., English Language and Literature, Angelo State University, 2005 M.A., English Language and Literature, Angelo State University, 2008 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ENGLISH The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico November 10, 2015 Garcia iii DEDICATION To my children Brandon, Aliyah, and Eric. Your brave and resilient love is my savior. I love you all. Garcia iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, to my dissertation committee Michelle Hall Kells, Irene Vasquez, Natasha Jones, and Melina Vizcaino-Aleman for the inspiration and guidance in helping this dissertation project come to fruition.
    [Show full text]
  • NORMA Ella CANTÚ Professor Emerita, University of Texas, San
    NORMA ELlA CANTÚ Professor Emerita, University of Texas, San Antonio Professor of Latina/o Studies and English, University of Missouri, Kansas City Web page : http://colfa.utsa.edu/English/cantu.html Blog: www.wordpress.normacantu.com Office Address : Home Address : E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Telephone : Haag Hall 204 G 5643 Locust St Office : 816-235-4125 5120 Rockhill Road Kansas City, MO 65110 Cell : 210-363-4736 Kansas City, MO 64113 Education/Certification 1984 Secondary English and Government Certification by the State of Texas 1982 Ph.D. University of Nebraska—Lincoln Co-Chairs: Profs. Paul Olson and Ralph Grajeda Dissertation: The Offering and the Offerers: A Generic Illocation of a Laredo Pastorela in the Tradition of the Shepherds’ Plays 1976 M.S. Texas A&I University--Kingsville, with honors Major: English Minor: Political Science 1973 B.S. Texas A&I University--Laredo, cum laude Major: Education: English/Political Science 1970 A.A. Laredo Junior College Areas of Teaching and Research Interest Latino/a Studies, Chicano/a Literature, Border Studies, Folklore, Women Studies, Cultural Studies, Creative Writing Teaching Experience 2013-Present University of Missouri, Kansas City—Full Professor of Latina/o Studies 2012-Present University of Texas, San Antonio—Professor Emerita 2000-2012 University of Texas, San Antonio—Full Professor of Latina/o Literatures 1993-2000 Texas A&M International University—Full Professor 1994-1995 Georgetown University--School for Continuing Education—Visiting Professor, Literature
    [Show full text]
  • La Nueva Chicana: Women and the Movement
    5 La Nueva Chicana: Women and the Movement Rise Up! To Woman Rise up! Rise up to life, to activity, to the beauty of truly living; but rise up radiant and powerful, beautiful with qualities, splendid with virtues, strong with energies.1 1 HIS poem was written not during the heyday of the Chicano Movement, but in 1910 by Tejana socialist labor leader and politi- cal activist Sara Estela Ramirez.2 She would not live to participate in El Primer Congreso Mexicanista held the following year. Ram- irez's ideas, however, would resonate in the words of her com- paneras. Composed of South Texas residents, this Congreso was the first civil rights assembly among Spanish-speaking people in the United States. With delegates representing community organi- zations and interests from both sides of the border, its platform ad- dressed discrimination, land loss, and lynching. Women delegates, such as Jovita Idar, Soldedad Pefia, and Hortensia Moncaya, spoke to the concerns of Tejanos and Mexicanos. Regarding education, Soledad Pena referred to "our duty ... to educate woman; to in- struct her and to ... give her due respect." Out of this congress arose a women's organization, Liga Femenil Mexicanista, and for a short period two sisters Andrea and Teresa Villareal published a newspaper, La Mujer Moderna.3 As the poem shows, strands of feminist ideology or incipient feminist ideology can be located at various junctures in the history Copyright © 2008. Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexican American History Resources at the Briscoe Center for American History: a Bibliography
    Mexican American History Resources at the Briscoe Center for American History: A Bibliography The Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin offers a wide variety of material for the study of Mexican American life, history, and culture in Texas. As with all ethnic groups, the study of Mexican Americans in Texas can be approached from many perspectives through the use of books, photographs, music, dissertations and theses, newspapers, the personal papers of individuals, and business and governmental records. This bibliography will familiarize researchers with many of the resources relating to Mexican Americans in Texas available at the Center for American History. For complete coverage in this area, the researcher should also consult the holdings of the Benson Latin American Collection, adjacent to the Center for American History. Compiled by John Wheat, 2001 Updated: 2010 2 Contents: General Works: p. 3 Spanish and Mexican Eras: p. 11 Republic and State of Texas (19th century): p. 32 Texas since 1900: p. 38 Biography / Autobiography: p. 47 Community and Regional History: p. 56 The Border: p. 71 Education: p. 83 Business, Professions, and Labor: p. 91 Politics, Suffrage, and Civil Rights: p. 112 Race Relations and Cultural Identity: p. 124 Immigration and Illegal Aliens: p. 133 Women’s History: p. 138 Folklore and Religion: p. 148 Juvenile Literature: p. 160 Music, Art, and Literature: p. 162 Language: p. 176 Spanish-language Newspapers: p. 180 Archives and Manuscripts: p. 182 Music and Sound Archives: p. 188 Photographic Archives: p. 190 Prints and Photographs Collection (PPC): p. 190 Indexes: p.
    [Show full text]
  • Jim Crow Racism and the Mexican Americans of San Antonio, Texas
    ORAL HISTORY AS A MEANS OF MORAL REPAIR: JIM CROW RACISM AND THE MEXICAN AMERICANS OF SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS by Rebecca Dominguez-Karimi A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL May 2018 Copyright by Rebecca Dominguez-Karimi, 2017 ii ORAL HISTORY AS A MEANS OF MORAL REPAIR: JIM CROW RACISM AND THE MEXICAN AMERICANS OF SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS by Rebecca Dominguez-Karimi This dissertation was prepared under the direction of the candidate's dissertation advisor, Dr. Sandra Norman, Comparative Studies Program, and has been approved by the members of her supervisory committee. It was submitted to the faculty of the Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters and was accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. SUPERVISORY COMMnTEE: ~~o..... .:i N1~"" Sandra Norman, Ph.D. ~~Susan Love Brown, Ph. 'S:"..,;ae~.~~o~ JosephinBeoku-Betts, Ph.D. Directo , mparative St ilies Pro? MiC11aeliOfSWclD.~-# Dean, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts andn:ers . 5"", "Zo/g "~~2.~~ ' iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author offers her sincerest thanks and gratitude to members of her committee (past and present-Dr. Robin Fiore, Dr. Marta Cruz-Janzen, Dr. Sandra Norman, Dr. Susan Love Brown, and Dr. Josephine Beoku-Betts) for their guidance, input, and support in bringing this manuscript to fruition. She wishes to especially thank her dissertation advisor, Dr. Sandra Norman, for her patience, advice, and inspiration during the composition of this manuscript.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers
    Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers 9 Time • Handout 1-1: Complete List of Trailblazers (for teacher use) 3 short sessions (10 minutes per session) and 5 full • Handout 2-1: Sentence Strips, copied, cut, and pasted class periods (50 minutes per period) onto construction paper • Handout 2-2: Categories (for teacher use) Overview • Handout 2-3: Word Triads Discussion Guide (optional), one copy per student This unit is initially phased in with several days of • Handout 3-1: Looping Question Cue Sheet (for teacher use) short interactive activities during a regular unit on • Handout 3-2: Texas Civil Rights Trailblazer Word Search twentieth-Century Texas History. The object of the (optional), one copy per student phasing activities is to give students multiple oppor- • Handout 4-1: Rubric for Research Question, one copy per tunities to hear the names of the Trailblazers and student to begin to become familiar with them and their • Handout 4-2: Think Sheet, one copy per student contributions: when the main activity is undertaken, • Handout 4-3: Trailblazer Keywords (optional), one copy students will have a better perspective on his/her per student Trailblazer within the general setting of Texas in the • Paint masking tape, six markers, and 18 sheets of twentieth century. scrap paper per class • Handout 7-1: Our Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers, one Essential Question copy per every five students • How have courageous Texans extended democracy? • Handout 8-1: Exam on Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers, one copy per student Objectives Activities • Students will become familiar with 32 Texans who advanced civil rights and civil liberties in Texas by Day 1: Mum Human Timeline (10 minutes) examining photographs and brief biographical infor- • Introduce this unit to the students: mation.
    [Show full text]
  • Sembrando Ideas / Sembrando Acción
    Sembrando Ideas / Sembrando Acción By Norma Cantú, Trinity University Editor’s note: This was the keynote address to the NACCS Tejas nist poet of the Americas—The 1st was an indigenous poet, Foco Conference held in Houston Texas, February 17, 2019. Macuilxochitzin who was writing about women being out I begin by acknowledging the spirits of this place now called on the battle feld in the mid 15th century before the Euro- Houston, Texas, honoring the Karankawas and the Akokisas an- peans set foot on the Americas, on Abya Yala as the Guna cestors. I thank The Tejas Foco Annual Conference committee for call this continent. the invitation to speak today. Her poem concludes with these lines: As is my wont my words Axayácatl exclamó: will meander through poetry “¡Que venga el otomí y la piel de un venado, and testimonio musing on que me ha herido en la pierna!” con ésto hizo reverencia a Axayácatl. the theme of this gathering— El otomí tuvo miedo, dijo: Estaba lleno de miedo el otomí. Semillas de Poder: Chicana/ “¡En verdad me matarán!” Pero entonces sus mujeres o/x Movements & Mapping Trajo entonces un grueso madero por él hicieron súplica a Axayácatl 21st Century Resistance. I’d like to begin in 1325 (translation: Miguel León Portilla, 2003) with the founding of Tenoch- titlan …folio 2 of the Codex The last two lines are what makes this a feminist poem, in Mendoza shows the establish- my view, as it is the frst instance where women are mentioned. ment of the Aztec empire in In fact, I see these women who are present at the battle between what is now Mexico City.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexican Americans in Texas History, 19Th and 20Th Centuries History 350R
    Mexican Americans in Texas History, 19th and 20th Centuries History 350R Instructor: Emilio Zamora Garrison 2.104B, 475-8706 (office), 739-0168 (cell) [email protected] Office Hours: Tues: Wed 10-12, and by appointment Course Description This seminar will introduce students to the historical experience of Mexican-origin persons and communities in Texas, with reading and research assignments involving basic documentary and interpretative texts, including digital records like the EBSCO-Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection (Digitized Series 1 and 2) at the University of Texas at Austin. Our major concern will be to explain how, under what circumstances, and with what consequences Mexican-origin persons and communities from Texas enter the socio-economy of the United States. The course meets the cultural diversity requirement in the new core curriculum that calls for at least one-third of its content to address the culture, perspectives, and history of one or more underrepresented groups in the United States. The course meets this requirement with its focus on Mexicans as an underrepresented group and their relations with African Americans and communities in Mexico. The course also provides students opportunities to advance their critical thinking and communication skills, as well as a sense of personal and social responsibility. Reading and writing assignments and class discussions will advance critical thinking and history writing skills. Required attendance and expected academic honesty will promote a sense of personal responsibility. Numerous examples from history—including the practice of hard work and public service as acts of family and community responsibility and the work of attorneys who worked tirelessly to extend the constitutional guarantees of the 14th amendment to their communities—will be used to ground the sense of social responsibility in the course.
    [Show full text]
  • Xenophobia and Racism
    MODERNIZING AMERICA, 1889-1920 Xenophobia and Racism Resource: Life Story: Jovita Idar Juárez (1885–1946) Jovita Idar Helaine Victoria Press, Jovita Idar (1885-1946) [postcard], 1986. W075_029, Feminist Postcard Collection, Archives for Research on Women and Gender. Special Collections and Archives, Georgia State University. © Women and the American Story 2021 Page 1 of 6 MODERNIZING AMERICA, 1889-1920 Xenophobia and Racism Jovita Idar was born on September 7, 1885 in Laredo, Texas. She was the second of Nicasio and Jovita Idar’s eight children. Jovita’s father owned and published a Spanish- language newspaper called La Crónica. Jovita’s parents encouraged her to obtain an education. She attended a Methodist school called the Holding Institute. In 1903, she graduated with a teaching certificate and began teaching in the tiny town of Los Ojuelos, Texas. Jovita was frustrated by the poor conditions of the school. She did not feel that teaching was doing enough to change the lives of her students, so she returned to Laredo to work with her father and brothers on La Crónica. As a writer and publisher for the family newspaper, she was able to bring her progressive beliefs to a wider audience. La Crónica had a reputation for promoting civil rights for the Hispanic community. Regular topics included anti-Hispanic racism, school segregation, the promotion of Anglo-American culture in schools, the lynching of Hispanics, and the Catholic Church’s poor treatment of women. Although her father and brothers wrote under their own names, Jovita used pen names. Two of her known names were Ave Negra (Black Bird) and Astrea (the Greek goddess of justice).
    [Show full text]
  • In Between La Malinche and Gloria Anzaldúa: Feminism of Mexican and Mexican American Women in the United States, 1910-1950
    Luziris 1 In Between La Malinche and Gloria Anzaldúa: Feminism of Mexican and Mexican American Women in the United States, 1910-1950 Turi Luziris, University of Houston In 1976, Martha P. Cotera published what has been identified as the first attempt to construct a complete history of Chicanas entitled Diosa y hembra: The History and Heritage of Chicanas in the U.S. Cotera chronologically traces Chicana history by beginning with key female figures in Mexican pre-Columbian history and ends by discussing Chicanas’ work within the Chicano movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Of the different historical periods highlighted by Cotera, the inclusion of Mexican women in Mexico and in the United States from the beginning of the twentieth century will be the focus of this paper. This inclusion is of interest because the history of Mexican feminist discourse whether situated in Mexico itself or expressed from within the United States between 1910-1950 is not often placed in conversation with Chicana or U.S. feminism nor is it considered as a part of either field’s history. Most anthologies about the history of feminism in the United States completely ignore Mexican and Mexican American women’s experience during 1910-1950. Traditionally, these anthologies don not mention Mexican American women until their sections on the Civil Rights movement era. Some anthologies have begun to highlight some of the labor rights activists of the beginning of the twentieth century with minimum mention. Yet it is easy to highlight these particular women because they share a common link with other Anglo women in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • New Mexico State Univ., University Park. ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 119 888 95 RC 009 028 AUTHOR Cotera, Martha TITLE Profile of the Mexican American Woman. INSTITUTION New Mexico State Univ., University Park. ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Mar 76 CONTPACT NIE-C-400-75-0025 NOTE 280p. AVAILABLE FROM National Educational Laboratory Publishers, Inc., 813 Airport Blvd., Austin, Texas 78702 (Stock No. EC-037, $8.00) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$15.39 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS *Achievement; Bibliographies; Cultural Images; Family Life; *Females; Feminism; Life Style; Mexican American History; *Mexican Americans; *Role Perception; Self Actualization; *Sex Role; Socioeconomic Background IDENTIFIERS *Chicanas ABSTRACT The second largest group of minority women in the U.S., Mexican American women share multitudinous histories, vast differences in lifestyles, experiences and realities. A Chicana may have recently arrived from Mexico, or her ancestors may have been in the Southwest since 1520(or before) or in the Midwest since the 1880's. She may be rural, urban, poor, middle class or Ph.D., a high school dropout, a teacher, or a migrant. She does share some basic, and heterogeneous, roots in the development of Indian and Spanish culture and history. She also shares the history of involvement and participation which has been a way of life for the Chicano community in the U.S. since 1848. Documenting the development of Mexican American women in Mexico and the U.S., this monograph discusses: the Chicana's historical legacy during Mexico's Pre-Columbian and Colonial Periods, its War for Independence, the 1910 Revolution, and during the United States Colonial Period and history.between 1840 and 1960; Chicanas in the U.S.
    [Show full text]