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Siete Lenguas: the Rhetorical History of Dolores Huerta and the Rise of Chicana Rhetoric Christine Beagle

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Siete Lenguas: the Rhetorical History of Dolores Huerta and the Rise of Chicana Rhetoric Christine Beagle University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository English Language and Literature ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2-1-2016 Siete Lenguas: The Rhetorical History of Dolores Huerta and the Rise of Chicana Rhetoric Christine Beagle Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/engl_etds Recommended Citation Beagle, Christine. "Siete Lenguas: The Rhetorical History of Dolores Huerta and the Rise of Chicana Rhetoric." (2016). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/engl_etds/34 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Language and Literature ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Garcia i Christine Beagle Candidate English, Rhetoric and Writing Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Michelle Hall Kells, Chairperson Irene Vasquez Natasha Jones Melina Vizcaino-Aleman Garcia ii SIETE LENGUAS: THE RHETORICAL HISTORY OF DOLORES HUERTA AND THE RISE OF CHICANA RHETORIC by CHRISTINE BEAGLE B.A., English Language and Literature, Angelo State University, 2005 M.A., English Language and Literature, Angelo State University, 2008 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ENGLISH The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico November 10, 2015 Garcia iii DEDICATION To my children Brandon, Aliyah, and Eric. Your brave and resilient love is my savior. I love you all. Garcia iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, to my dissertation committee Michelle Hall Kells, Irene Vasquez, Natasha Jones, and Melina Vizcaino-Aleman for the inspiration and guidance in helping this dissertation project come to fruition. Many thanks especially to my dissertation chair, Michelle Hall Kells, for allowing me the freedom to write about what inspires me while concurrently guiding me in the minutiae of writing a focused and well- researched dissertation. Thank you also to the Hector Torres Fellowship and its Director Dr. Jesse Alemán, the Vicente Ximenes Scholarship in Rhetoric and Community Literacy, The Arts and Sciences Dissertation Completion Scholarship and the UNM Chicana/o Studies Center for Southwest Research Fellowship for having faith enough in my scholarship to extend funding during my research and writing phases. To my fellow UNM Rhetoric and Writing graduate students, Genevieve Garcia de Mueller, Brian Hendrickson, Lindsey Ives, Erin Penner Gallegos, Beth Leahy, Mellisa Huffman, and Matthew Tougas. The debates and conversations we’ve had over the years as fellow graduate students and as members and leader of Writing Across Communities here at UNM has helped me find the voice and confidence to pursue this project. I am forever grateful. And, to the students, faculty, and staff the UNM Chicana/o Studies Department. To Levi Romero for your poetry, Irene Vasquez for your leadership, Jessica Helen Lopez and Tanaya Winder for being such wonderful allies, and to Antoinette Rael for all you Garcia v do. My time as the Graduate Research Assistant for the UNM CCS department will stand as the most inspiring and informative experience of graduate career. A special thank you to Dolores Huerta her constant encouragement and generosity throughout this process. Garcia vi SIETE LENGUAS: THE RHETORICAL HISTORY OF DOLORES HUERTA AND THE RISE OF CHICANA RHETORIC by CHRISTINE BEAGLE B.A., English Language and Literature, Angelo State University, 2005 M.A., English Language and Literature, Angelo State University, 2008 Ph.D., English, University of New Mexico, 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation is both a history of Chicana Rhetoric in the North American polis and a perspectival analysis of three key texts by Chicana labor right’s activist and vice president of the United Farm Workers union, Dolores Huerta. The dissertation covers the years between the Mexican Revolution and the Mexican American Generation (1910s- 1950s) and the Chicano Civil Rights Years to the present day (1960s-2010s) to trace the legacy of Chicana Rhetoric exemplified in the rhetorical career of Dolores Huerta. Huerta’s role as rhetor lies in the analyses of three key texts, so as to explore Chicana Rhetoric in-depth through the lenses of the media, the scholarly, and the personal. I argue that Chicana Rhetoric is representative social activist rhetoric and of current intersections in social, political, racial, and gender rhetorics, and that Dolores Huerta embodies these intersections. This dissertation seeks to as a rhetor and activist as the center of her own narrative and public life, uncoupling her from an auxiliary and secondary role in the grand Garcia vii narrative of Chicano history and Chicano rhetoric. Huerta illustrates the rhetorical life of an engaged, autonomous, and efficacious Chicana rhetor. Garcia viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface............................................................................................................. ix Introduction.................................................................................................... 1 Current State of Rhetoric and Composition Studies............................ 1 Dolores Huerta as Rhetorical Heuristic............................................... 6 The Current Conversation: Chicana Rhetoric and Scholarship........... 8 The Kairotic Moment........................................................................... 15 Key Texts of Dolores Huerta for Analysis........................................... 17 Theoretical Frames............................................................................... 18 Connecting the Theoretical and Analytical Frames................. 18 Emma Pérez’s Third Space Feminism..................................... 19 Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca’s Universal and Particular Audience........................................................... 22 Hodge and Kress’ Social Semiotics ........................................ 24 Research Methods................................................................................ 26 Cultivating a Rhetorical History.............................................. 26 Perspectival Analysis................................................................ 29 Chapter Summaries.................................................................. 32 Chapter One: Siete Lenguas: A Nueva Mexicana Chicana.............................. 39 Introduction.......................................................................................... 39 Familial Influences............................................................................... 44 Patrilineal Influence(s)......................................................................... 45 Coal Miner’s Daughter............................................................. 47 Matrilineal Influence............................................................................ 49 Mother and Marriage................................................................ 50 Young Motherhood and Early Activism.............................................. 53 The Organizing Years........................................................................... 58 The Chicano Civil Rights Years........................................................... 62 Huerta’s Post-Labor Rights Rhetorical Activity................................... 65 Current Rhetorical Activity................................................................... 69 Chapter Two: Mexican and Mexican American Women and Labor Rights Activism..................................................................................................................... 74 Introduction............................................................................................ 74 Textual Activities of Mexicanas during the Mexican Revolution............................................................................................... 77 Rhetorical Activities of Mexican American Women (1900s-1920s)...... 80 Post-Revolutionary Activity of Mexican American Women.................. 87 Women Rhetors of the Mexican American Generation 1930s-1950s..... 92 Conclusion............................................................................................... 101 Chapter Three: The UFW, The Chicano Civil Rights Movement and the Rise of Chicanisma............................................................................................. 103 Introduction.............................................................................................. 103 Dolores Huerta and the Chicano Civil Rights Movement................................................................................................. 105 Dolores Huerta, César Chávez, and the Rise of the NFWA......... 107 Garcia ix The Delano Grape Strike and El Movimiento............................... 112 The Rise of Chicanisma................................................................ 118 Chicana Feminism throughout the 1980s-1990s....................................... 123 The Rise of Third wave feminism............................................................. 126 Chapter Four: The Organizer and Lobbyist Paradigm: Dolores Huerta’s 1969 “Testimony to the Senate Subcommittee on Migratory Labor”............ 130 Methodology of Analysis.......................................................................... 133 The Kairotic Moment...............................................................................
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