sign in sign up
<<
Home , Handbook of Texas, Jovita Idar, Mexican Texas

in History, 19th and 20th Centuries History 350R

Instructor: Emilio Zamora Garrison 2.104B, 475-8706 (office), 739-0168 (cell) [email protected] Office Hours: Tues: Wed 10-12, and by appointment

Course Description This seminar will introduce students to the historical experience of Mexican-origin persons and communities in Texas, with reading and research assignments involving basic documentary and interpretative texts, including digital records like the EBSCO-Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection (Digitized Series 1 and 2) at the University of Texas at Austin. Our major concern will be to explain how, under what circumstances, and with what consequences Mexican-origin persons and communities from Texas enter the socio-economy of the . The course meets the cultural diversity requirement in the new core curriculum that calls for at least one-third of its content to address the culture, perspectives, and history of one or more underrepresented groups in the United States. The course meets this requirement with its focus on Mexicans as an underrepresented group and their relations with African Americans and communities in . The course also provides students opportunities to advance their critical thinking and communication skills, as well as a sense of personal and social responsibility.

Reading and writing assignments and class discussions will advance critical thinking and history writing skills. Required attendance and expected academic honesty will promote a sense of personal responsibility. Numerous examples from history—including the practice of hard work and public service as acts of family and community responsibility and the work of attorneys who worked tirelessly to extend the constitutional guarantees of the 14th amendment to their communities—will be used to ground the sense of social responsibility in the course.

The course accommodates students with special challenges. They may request appropriate academic accommodations from the Division of Diversity and Community engagement, Services for Students with Disabilities, 512 471-6259. Students seeking assistance with their writing, contact the Undergraduate Writing Center, 471-6222. Medical assistance and counseling services are available at the UT Counseling and Mental Health Center, 471-3515. Our teaching assistants and I are also available.

Do not use your personal computer while in class, unless you are taking lecture and discussion notes. Course materials, including a copy of my resume, this syllabus, lecture notes, and guides for conducting research and preparing your writing assignments will appear on Canvas. Call the ITS help desk—475-9400—if you have problems accessing the Canvas site.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

• Six reports for a total of 30 points; • Four examinations for a maximum of 40 points; • A family history research paper (or its equivalent) for a maximum of 25 points; and • Attendance and class participation for a maximum of 5 points

Readings, Discussions and Reports

Students are required do all the reading assignments and come to class prepared to discuss the readings. I will provide short lectures and commentary on the subject of the readings and pose questions to encourage discussion. Students will be expected to select a body of assigned readings, prepare notes for the discussion the class meeting after the readings are assigned and submit a 1.5 to 2-page report two meetings after the readings are assigned. Each of these reports will be worth 10 points each.

Examinations

We will devote part of a class meeting to prepare for each of the four examinations and use an examination guide that I will prepare with three possible essay questions based on the conclusions that we will have reached during our discussions. Each examination will include two of these questions. Students will select one question and provide a response of at least one page in length. Each of the four examination will be worth ten points.

Research Paper

Students will conduct two interviews with family members and prepare a family history paper that addresses at least two major themes and that is at least eight pages in length, including an appendix that includes a family tree, a migration chart, and/or photographs. Students can access one of numerous free programs (Ex., Family Echo) for samples of family trees. I will provide a full explanation of the project and possible equivalent assignment in class.

Attendance and Participation

Unless excused, students are required to be on time for class and to remain for the duration of the class. More than three unexcused absences will result in a two-point deduction on the final grade, and one more point deduction for every subsequent unexcused absence. Excuses for absences should be submitted one class meeting after the absence. I will circulate a daily attendance sheet every class meeting. Also, I will reward students who participate in class discussions. If you participate, you are responsible for turning in a sheet of paper with your name and the date of the class when you participated. I will maintain a record of your participation with these documents and grant a maximum of 5 points for perfect attendance.

GRADING

I will use the following grading scale: A 93-100 C 73-76 A- 90-92 C- 70-72 B+ 87-f89 D+ 67-69 B 83-86 D 63-66 B- 80-82 D- 60-62 C+ 77-79 F 59 and Below

Required Readings: Arnoldo de Leon, Mexican Americans in Texas; A Brief History, Third edition (Wheeling, Ill.: Harland Davidson, 2009). Arnoldo De Leon, “Mexican Americans,” Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pqmue.

Other required readings appear in the course schedule.

Course Schedule 1-19 Course Introduction and Reading Assignments Assignment: De Leon, “Mexican Americans,” Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pqmue, and De Leon: Preface— Chapter 5.

1-26 Mexican American History Discussion on De Leon, Preface—Chapter 5 Assignment: De Leon, Chapters 6-11

2-2 Discussion on De Leon, Chapters 6-11 Assignment: and Donald E. Chipman, "Spanish Texas," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/nps01.

Robert E. Wright, O.M.I., "Spanish Missions," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/its02.

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, “The Spanish Borderlands,” Digital History, http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=528. Arnoldo De León, "Mexican Texas," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/npm01. Jesús de la Teja, “Discovering the Tejano Community in ‘Early’ Texas,” Journal of the Early Republic, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Spring, 1998), pp. 73-98.

Adán Benavides, Jr., "Tejano," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pft07. Arnoldo De Leon, “Mexican Americans,” Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pqmue

2-9 Discussion on Spanish Texas and Mexican Texas

2-16 Review for Examination

2-23 Examination Assignment: Anglo Texas Texas, 1821-1836,” http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/essays/1801-1900/anglo-american- colonization-in-texas/texas-1821-1836.php.

Justin H. Smith, “The Mexican Recognition of Texas,” The American Historical Review, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Oct., 1910), pp. 36-55. David E. Narrett “José Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara: ‘Caudillo’ of the Mexican Republic in Texas,” The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Vol. 106, No. 2 (Oct., 2002), pp. 194-228.

Margaret Swett Henson, "Anglo-American Colonization," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/uma01. Eugene C. Barker and James W. Pohl, "," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qdt01. D. W. Griffith, “The Martyrs of Texas or the Birth of Texas,” 1915 silent film, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Z7w170t6t4. Paco Ignacio Taibo, “El Alamo,” Planeta de Libros Mexicanos, 2013, http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=el+alamo&view=detail&mid=1BFB8F5628B2434 DEA7C1BFB8F5628B2434DEA7C&FORM=VIRE. Murray Montgomery, “Angel of The Alamo, Remembering Adina De Zavala, http://www.texasescapes.com/MurrayMontgomeryLoneStarDiary/Savior-of-The- Alamo.htm.

3-2 Discussion on Anglo Texas Assignment: Mexican American War and Post-1850 K. Jack Bauer, "Mexican War," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qdm02 The Library of Congress, “Abraham Lincoln’s Speech to Congress regarding the Mexican War,” January 12, 1848. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi- bin/ampage?collId=mal&fileName=mal1/000/0007400/malpage.db&recNum=0 The Library of Congress, “Treaty Between Mexico and Texas used by Lincoln When Preparing his Speech,” http://memory.loc.gov/cgi- bin/ampage?collId=mal&fileName=mal1/000/0007500/malpage.db&recNum=0. PBS, “U.S. Mexican War, 1846-1848,” http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/index_noflash.html. The Library of Congress, “The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,” http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/ghtreaty/. Jovita Gonzalez, “America Invades the Border Towns,” Southwest Review, Vol. 15, No. 4 (Summer, 1930), pp. 469-477.

Armando C. Alonzo, "Mexican-American Land Grant Adjudication," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pqmck. Elliott Young, “Remembering Catarino Garza's 1891 Revolution: An Aborted Border Insurrection,” Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Summer, 1996), pp. 231-272.

Jerry Thompson, "Mexican Texans In the Civil War," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pom02. R. Douglas Brackenridge, Francisco O. Garcia-Treto and John Stover, “Presbyterian Missions to Mexican Americans in Texas in the Nineteenth Century,” Journal of Presbyterian History (1962-1985), Vol. 49, No. 2 (Summer 1971), pp. 103-132.

3-9 Discussion on Mexican American War and Post-1850 Preparation for Oral History Project Examination Review

3-16 Spring Break

3-23 Examination Assignment: 1900-1920

Max S. Handman, “The Mexican Immigrant in Texas,” The Southwestern Political and Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 1 (JUNE, 1926), pp. 33-41.

Handbook of Texas Online, Robert C. Overfelt, "," accessed January 13, 2017, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pqmhe. Julie Leininger Pycior, "Mexican-American Organizations," Handbook of Texas Online,

http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/vzmvj. Emilio Zamora, “José de la Luz Sáenz; Experiences and Autobiographical Consciousness,” In Anthony Quiroz, Ed., Leaders of the Mexican American Generation, Biographical Essays. Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 2015. (I will provide a copy of this article).

Emilio Zamora, “Introduction,” In The WWI Diary of José de la Luz Sáenz, Edited by Emilio Zamora; Translated by Emilio Zamora, with Ben Maya. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2014, pp. 1-19 (I will provide a copy of this article). Julie Leininger Pycior, "Sociedades Mutualistas," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ves01.

Don M. Coerver, "," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ngp04

Gabriela González, “Jovita Idar The Ideological Origins of a Transnational Advocate for ,” in Elizabeth Hayes Turner, Stephanie Cole, Rebecca Sharpless, Texas Women (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2015).

La Crónica, “Plan de San Diego,” http://www.ourhistoryasnews.org/lc-1915-plan-de-san- diego Ben H. Procter, "Texas Rangers," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/met04.

3-30 Discussion on 1900-1920 Assignment: 1920-1940

4-6 Discussion on 1920-1940 Assignment: 1940-1960 Emilio Zamora, “The Failed Promise of Wartime Opportunity for Mexicans in the Texas Oil Industry,” In Texas Labor History, Edited by Bruce A. Glasrud and James C. Maroney. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2013. (I will provide a copy of this article). “Alonso Perales and the Hemispheric Strategy for Civil Rights,” In Defense of My People, Alonso S. Perales and the Development of Mexican American Public Intellectuals, Edited by Michael Olivas. : Arte Público Press, 2013. Otey M. Scruggs, “Texas, Good Neighbor?” The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 43, No. 2 (SEPTEMBER 1962), pp. 118-125

Johnny M. McCain, “Texas and the Mexican Labor Question, 1942-1947,” The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Vol. 85, No. 1 (Jul., 1981), pp. 45-64.

Fred L. Koestler, "," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pqo01 Arnoldo De León and Robert A. Calvert, "Segregation," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pks01. Guadalupe San Miguel, Jr. “The Struggle against Separate and Unequal Schools: Middle Class Mexican Americans and the Desegregation Campaign in Texas, 1929-1957, History of Education Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 343-359.

Arnoldo de Leon and Robert A. Calvert, “Civil Rights,” Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pkcfl.

4-13 Discussion on 1940-1960 Assignment: 1960-Present Guadalupe San Miguel, Jr., "Mexican Americans and Education," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/khmmx. “Chicano Walkouts, La Crónica, http://www.ourhistoryasnews.org/lc-1969-chicano- walkouts-youth-conference. Cynthia E. Orozco, "Mexican-American Women," Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pwmly. Carmen Tafolla, “The Storykeeper; Instructions from an Historian,” Sonnets and Salsa (: Wings Press, 2001), pp. 4-6. Electronic copy of book is available at the undergraduate library. Robert D. Johnston, Michael Schroeder, Chapter 8, “Problems, Challenges, Debates, 1970s-2000,” In Mexican-Americans (New York: Infobase Publishing, 2007), pp. 101-114. (Electronic copy at undergraduate library). Brian D. Behnken, Fighting Their Own Battles: Mexican Americans, African Americans, and The Struggle for Civil Rights in Texas (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press 2011). An electronic copy of the book is at the library.

4-20 Discussion on 1960-Present Assignment: Interpretative Essays

David Spener, “The Unfolding of Apartheid in South Texas: Domination, Resistance, and Migration, In Clandestine Crossings: Migrants and Coyotes on the Texas-Mexico Border (Cornell University, 2009).

Natalia Molina, "In a Race All Their Own": The Quest to Make Mexicans Ineligible for U.S. Citizenship,” Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 79, No. 2 (May 2010), pp. 167-201.

Ariela J. Gross, “Texas Mexicans and the Politics of Whiteness,” Law and History Review , Vol. 21, No. 1 (Spring, 2003), pp. 195-205.

Richard R. Flores, “The Corrido and the Emergence of Texas-Mexican Social Identity,” The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 105, No. 416 (Spring, 1992), pp. 166-182.

Jaime Armín Mejia, “Tejano Arts of the U.S.-Mexico Contact Zone,” JAC, Vol. 18, No. 1, Special Issue: Exploring Borderlands: postcolonial and Composition Studies (1998), pp. 123-135.

José E. Limón, “Texas-Mexican Popular Music and Dancing: Some Notes on History and Symbolic Process,” Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Autumn - Winter, 1983), pp. 229-246.

Lilia Fernández, Review: “Mexican Immigration and Mexican American Identities,” Journal of American Ethnic History, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Spring 2013), pp. 78-82.

Tomás R. Jiménez, “Weighing the Costs and Benefits of Mexican Immigration: The Mexican-American Perspective,” Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 88, No. 3 (September 2007), pp. 599-618.

Dejun Su, Chad Richardson and Guang-Zhen Wang, “Assessing Cultural Assimilation of Mexican Americans: How Rapidly Do Their Gender-Role Attitudes Converge to the U.S. Mainstream?” Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 91, No. 3 (SEPTEMBER 2010), pp. 762-776.

Edward E. Telles, “Mexican Americans and Immigrant Incorporation,” Contexts, Vol. 9, No. 1, Aging Gracefully in America (Winter 2010), pp. 28-33.

Daniel D. Arreola, “The Mexican American Cultural Capital,” Geographical Review, Vol. 77, No. 1 (Jan., 1987), pp. 17-34.

María Eugenia Cotera, “Refiguring ‘the American Congo’: Jovita González, John Gregory Bourke, and the Battle over Ethno-Historical Representations of the Texas Mexican Border,” Western American Literature, Vol. 35, No. 1, Special Issue: Recovering a Mexican American West (Spring 2000), pp. 75-94.

Martha Menchaca, “Chicano Indianism: A Historical Account of Racial Repression in the United States,” American Ethnologist, Vol. 20, No. 3 (Aug., 1993), pp. 583-603.

4-27 Discussion on Interpretative Essays

5-4 Discussion on Oral History Projects

Personal Narratives

STEPHEN GARR OSTRANDER and MARTHA ALADJEM BLOOMFIELD, “No Mexicans Allowed! Marylou Hernandez, a Mexican American from Texas,” in The Sweetness of Freedom: Stories of Immigrants (Michigan State University Press, 2010), pp. 149-174.

Chapter Title: BECOMING GOOD NEIGHBORS Book Title: Mexicans in the Making of America Book Author(s): NEIL FOLEY Published by: Harvard University Press. (2014) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qdtbj.7

Debated Whiteness amid World Events: Mexican and Mexican American Subjectivity andthe U.S.' Relationship with the Americas, 1924–1936 Author(s): Michael Calderón-Zaks Source: Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos, Vol. 27, No. 2 (Summer 2011), pp. 325-359 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the University of CaliforniaInstitute for Mexico and the United States and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma deMéxico Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/msem.2011.27.2.325

1. "An Enemy Closer to Us than Any European Power": The Impact of Mexico on Texan Public Opinion before World War I

Patrick L. Cox

The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Vol. 105, No. 1 (Jul., 2001), pp. 40-80

Preface 1

Chapter One. Texas: A Spanish Outpost, 1716-1790s 7

Chapter Two. Under Three Nations: , Mexico, and the Texas Republic, 1790s-1836 22

Chapter Three. A New Citizenship: Life in Anglo Texas, 1836-1880 38

Chapter Four. Mexican Americans and Inmigrantes in a Modernizing Society, 1880-1910 55 Chapter Five. Corridors North, 1900-1930 71

Chapter Six. The World Was I Years and the 1920s 85

Chapter Seven. To the U.S. Born, 1930-1945

Chapter Eight. “Latin Americans” in the Postwar Era, 1945-1960 120

Chapter Nine. The Sixties and El Movimiento, 1960-1976 135

Chapter Ten. Hispanic Texans in the Late Twentieth Century 153

Chapter Eleven. The Charge Forward 167