DOCSLIB.ORG

New Mexico State Univ., University Park. ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Mexico State Univ., University Park. ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools DOCUMENT RESUME ED 119 888 95 RC 009 028 AUTHOR Cotera, Martha TITLE Profile of the Mexican American Woman. INSTITUTION New Mexico State Univ., University Park. ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Mar 76 CONTPACT NIE-C-400-75-0025 NOTE 280p. AVAILABLE FROM National Educational Laboratory Publishers, Inc., 813 Airport Blvd., Austin, Texas 78702 (Stock No. EC-037, $8.00) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$15.39 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS *Achievement; Bibliographies; Cultural Images; Family Life; *Females; Feminism; Life Style; Mexican American History; *Mexican Americans; *Role Perception; Self Actualization; *Sex Role; Socioeconomic Background IDENTIFIERS *Chicanas ABSTRACT The second largest group of minority women in the U.S., Mexican American women share multitudinous histories, vast differences in lifestyles, experiences and realities. A Chicana may have recently arrived from Mexico, or her ancestors may have been in the Southwest since 1520(or before) or in the Midwest since the 1880's. She may be rural, urban, poor, middle class or Ph.D., a high school dropout, a teacher, or a migrant. She does share some basic, and heterogeneous, roots in the development of Indian and Spanish culture and history. She also shares the history of involvement and participation which has been a way of life for the Chicano community in the U.S. since 1848. Documenting the development of Mexican American women in Mexico and the U.S., this monograph discusses: the Chicana's historical legacy during Mexico's Pre-Columbian and Colonial Periods, its War for Independence, the 1910 Revolution, and during the United States Colonial Period and history.between 1840 and 1960; Chicanas in the U.S. today--their education, employment status, income, health, housing, roles, and attitudes; the Chicana and her family; today's Chicana and her achievements in education, literature and journalism, political activities, and labor; Chicanas in the feminist movement; and the Chicana and the future. Appended are a 119-item bibliography, addresses for 35 Chicana organizations, and various resolutions passed between 1970 at41'1975 in 10 Chicana conferences. (NQ) Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. U 5 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION IL WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM CO THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN- ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS cc , STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE- SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTEOF CO EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY 'S LtJ 114 a 11 PROFILE ON THE MEXICAN AMERICAN WOMAN MARTHA COTERA President, Information Systems Development Austin, Texas For Sale By National Educational Laboratory Publishers, Inc. 813 Airport Boulevard Austin, Texas 78702 Stock No. Bo437 Price - $8.00 3 March 1976 The material in this publicationwas prepared pursuant to a contract with the National Institute of Education,U. S. Dt.partment of Health, Education and Welfare. Contractors undertaking such projects undergovern- ment sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their judgmentin pro- fessional and technical matters. Prior to publication, the manuscript was submitted to the Task Force -le La Raza for critic.;review and determination of professional competence. This publication has met such standards. Points of view or opinions, however, donot necessarily represent the official view or opinions of either the Task Force de La Razaor the National Institute of Education. This booklet may be duplicated in wholeor in part, whenever such duplication is in the interest of bettering education. EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER(ERIC) CLEARINGHOUSE ON RURAL EDUCATION AND SMALLSCHOOLS (CRESS) New Mexico State University Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 4 ii CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 Chapter I Footnotes 7 II. Chicana Historical Legacy 8 Summary 8 Mexicanas During the Pre-Columbian Period 12 Mexicanas During the. Colonial Period 24 Mexicanas and the War for Independence of Mexico 36 Revolution of 1910 and the Participation of Women 41 History of Chicanas in the United States - Colonial Period 47 Chicana History, 1840-1900 55 Chicana History, 1900-1910 65 Chicana History, 1920 72 Chicana History, 1930 85 Chicana History, 1940 91 Chicana History, 1950 97 Chicana History, 1960 101 Chapter II Footnotes 113 III. Chicanas in the U.S., A Socioeconomic Profile 120 General Characteristics 120 Education 121 Employment Status 122 Income 127 Mexican American Migrant and Farmworker Women 128 Manpower 132 Child Labor 133 iii III. (Continued) Education 133 Health 134 Housing 134 Public Assistance Program 134 Farmworker and Migrant Women, Roles and Attitudes 135 Chapter III Footnotes 138 IV. La Chicana and La Familia 140 Family - General Characteristics 140 Children 141 Chicanas as Heads of Households 142 Income of Families 144 Families and Public Assistance 145 Extended Families 146 Intermarriage 146 Family Dynamics, the Mythand Realities 148 Chapter IV Footnotes 155 V. La Chicana Today, Posture and Accomplishments 157 Chicana Achievements inEducation 160 Literature and Journalism 164 Political Activities and Accomplishments 168 Chicana Achievements in Labor 178 Chicana Organisations 181 Chicanas and Feminism 189 Chapter V Footnotes 196 VI. Que Sere? . Siendo Chicana? La Chicana and theFuture 197 Chapter VI Footnotes 202 6 iv Appendices A. Chicana Bibliography 203 B. Chicana Organization3 in the U.S. 219 C. Resolutions Passed in Chicana Conferences in the U.S., 1970-1975 222 Tables I Sex Ratios of Mexican Americansby Age and Residence 263 II. Labor Force Participation of Spanish Origin Wives and Female Heads 264 III. Employment Characteristics of U.S. Total and Mexican Americans 265 IV. Family Characteristics of the U.S. Total and Mexican Americans, 1970 266 V. Poverty Characteristics and Sources of Incomes of the U.S. Total and Mexican American Population,1970 267 7 V I. Introduction The Mexican American woman as ahuman being, as a topic for research, or asthe object of a project or curricula is anelusive being. Myths and stereo- types abound because very few resourceshave been allocated to objective research and to documenting historical fact. A popular myth and often-used excuse for not producing curricula relevant to MexicanAmerican women is that "there is no literatureavailable." Literature and information abound, undiscovered and unculled in archives (church, University of Texas, Hexer, Santa Fe State Library Archives, etc.), obscure univer- sity publications, theses and dissertations, in the writings of women themselves, in period community news- papers, and in government publications. Unfortunately, despite this there is at present no single source which can provide a profile on the Mexican American woman. This is what is attempted herein, to provide at least a broad stroke profile, with some basic references and information for educators, program administrators and the general public to use as a starting point. A documentation section in the Appendix 8 will provide the most comprehensive andgrassroots "statement of need" to date, because the resolutions presented through historic meetingsare directly voicing the issues and 4oncernsconsidered important by women. The scope of work is ambitious and the time andresources limited. But, hopefully, it may serve as a stimulus to pique the intellectof those involved in multicultural and bilingualeducational projects to begin the developmentof curriculum which is adequatelybalanced in its female/male content. The term Mexicana, Chicana,Mexican American and Hispana woman is used throughoutinterchangeably simply because the author and theCentral Texas community she lives within does exactlythis. It is the author's firm belief that communities,bureaucracies, andeven edu- cational institutionsin the U.S. tend touse one of the four terms,or any combination ofone, two or four terms to refer to the woman of Indo-Spanishorigin. Scholars, writers and the U.S. CensusBureau have expressed opinions on the topic. For example, Rudy Acuna in speaking of labelssays that, "Recently the labelMexican American has become popularfollowing the hyphenization 2 tradition of other ethnic groups. Anglo Americans have promoted the use of this label and for a time it seemed as if it would be universally accepted. But within the last four years activists have begun to question this identification. At first some just dropped thehyphen and symbolically broke with the Americanization tradition. Others sought to identify themselveswith a name of their own choice.They selected the term Chicano which had often beenused to designate lower class Mexicans. Even though it had negative connotations for the middle class, activists considered that it was a symbol of resistance as well as a demand for self-determination. Such self- identification is, I believe, a necessary step in the process of awareness by which 1 Chicanos can liberate themselves collectively." A Mexican American woman, Rosalie Flores, has this to say about the use of the term:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DOCUMENT RESUME Chicano Studies Bibliography
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 119 923 ric 009 066 AUTHOR Marquez, Benjamin, Ed. TITLE Chicano Studies Bibliography: A Guide to the Resources of the Library at the University of Texas at El Paso, Fourth Edition. INSTITUTION Texas Univ., El Paso. PUB DATE 75 NOTE 138p.; For related document, see ED 081 524 AVAILABLE PROM Chicano Library Services, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902 ($3.00; 25% discount on 5 or more copies) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$7.35 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS Audiovisual Aids; *Bibliographies; Books; Films; *library Collections; *Mexican Americans; Periodicals; *Reference Materials; *University Libraries IDENTIFIERS Chicanos; *University of Texas El Paso ABSTRACT Intended as a guide to select items, this bibliography cites approximately 668 books and periodical articles published between 1925 and 1975. Compiled to facilitate research in the field of Chicano Studies, the entries are part of the Chicano Materials Collection at the University of Texas at El Paso. Arranged alphabetically by the author's or editor's last name or by title when no author or editor is available, the entries include general bibliographic information and the call number for books and volume number and date for periodicals. Some entries also include a short abstract. Subject and title indices are provided. The bibliography also cites 14 Chicano magazines and newspapers, 27 audiovisual materials, 56 tape holdings, 10 researc°1 aids and services, and 22 Chicano bibliographies. (NQ) ******************************************14*************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available.
    [Show full text]
  • Transculturalism in Chicano Literature, Visual Art, and Film Master's
    Transculturalism in Chicano Literature, Visual Art, and Film Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Global Studies Jerónimo Arellano, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Global Studies by Sarah Mabry August 2018 Transculturalism in Chicano Literature, Visual Art, and Film Copyright by Sarah Mabry © 2018 Dedication Here I acknowledge those individuals by name and those remaining anonymous that have encouraged and inspired me on this journey. First, I would like to dedicate this to my great grandfather, Jerome Head, a surgeon, published author, and painter. Although we never had the opportunity to meet on this earth, you passed along your works of literature and art. Gleaned from your manuscript entitled A Search for Solomon, ¨As is so often the way with quests, whether they be for fish or buried cities or mountain peaks or even for money or any other goal that one sets himself in life, the rewards are usually incidental to the journeying rather than in the end itself…I have come to enjoy the journeying.” I consider this project as a quest of discovery, rediscovery, and delightful unexpected turns. I would like mention one of Jerome’s six sons, my grandfather, Charles Rollin Head, a farmer by trade and an intellectual at heart. I remember your Chevy pickup truck filled with farm supplies rattling under the backseat and a tape cassette playing Mozart’s piano sonata No. 16. This old vehicle metaphorically carried a hard work ethic together with an artistic sensibility.
    [Show full text]
  • Ireland Protests Hit Reagan War Policies
    Toledo auto strike:. THE Latest strike news • • • • • . ... 2 Background to tight • • . • • • • • • . 8 Lessons of 1934 strikes . .. • • s- A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF WORKING PEOPLE VOL. 48/NO. 21 JUNE 8, 1984 75 CENTS Conden1n Ireland protests hit assassination of Vietnan1ese Reagan war policies in S.F. Nguyen Van Luy was critically wounded and his wife killed when they . J~f.O were gunned down in front of their San Francisco home on the night of May 28 . .~ """'~:: :·{t - <~" Luy, a Vietnamese in his sixties who has 44 lived in the United States since World War ,.,~ . : ~ II, has been a public opponent of the U.S. ,. .., ~: '-····· war· against Vietnam and a supporter of the revolution in his homeland. According to the San Francisco Examiner, witnesses told police that a young Asian man fired four shots at Luy and his wife and then sped away with an accomplice in a waiting car. This political assassination must be an­ swered with immediate protests. A New York City rally in solidarity with Vietnam is scheduled for the Marc Ballroom, 30 E. 16th St. on the comer of Union Square West, at I p.m. on Saturday, June 2. EDITORIAL Speaking at the rally will be Intercontinen­ tal Press editor Ste.ve Clark, a representa­ tive of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam Derek Speirs/Report Mission to the United Na~ions, and a repre­ More than 3,000 marched in Dublin, Ireland, May 26 to protest Reagan visi~ and U.S. war in Central America. · sentative of El Salvador's Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining the Lives of Five Mexican American Female
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Texas A&amp;M Repository EXAMINING THE LIVES OF FIVE MEXICAN AMERICAN FEMALE EDUCATORS WITH MORE THAN 25 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN SOUTH TEXAS BORDER SCHOOLS A Dissertation by GEORGEANNE RAMON-REUTHINGER Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2005 Major Subject: Curriculum and Instruction © 2005 GEORGEANNE RAMON-REUTHINGER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED EXAMINING THE LIVES OF FIVE MEXICAN AMERICAN FEMALE EDUCATORS WITH MORE THAN 25 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN SOUTH TEXAS BORDER SCHOOLS A Dissertation by GEORGEANNE RAMON-REUTHINGER Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Patricia J. Larke Committee Members, Norvella P. Carter Juan Lira Salvador Hector Ochoa Head of Department, Dennie L. Smith December 2005 Major Subject: Curriculum and Instruction iii ABSTRACT Examining the Lives of Five Mexican American Female Educators With More Than 25 Years of Experience in South Texas Border Schools. (December 2005) GeorgeAnne Ramon-Reuthinger, B.S., Texas A&I University; M.Ed., Texas A&I University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Patricia J. Larke This study was a qualitative study that explored the lives of Mexican American female educators with more than 25 years of experience teaching in South Texas border schools. The purpose of the study was to explore the participants’ views and perceptions regarding their educational experiences, both formal and informal, within the contexts of community, political climate, family, religious, and educational institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Siete Lenguas: the Rhetorical History of Dolores Huerta and the Rise of Chicana Rhetoric Christine Beagle
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository English Language and Literature ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2-1-2016 Siete Lenguas: The Rhetorical History of Dolores Huerta and the Rise of Chicana Rhetoric Christine Beagle Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/engl_etds Recommended Citation Beagle, Christine. "Siete Lenguas: The Rhetorical History of Dolores Huerta and the Rise of Chicana Rhetoric." (2016). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/engl_etds/34 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Language and Literature ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Garcia i Christine Beagle Candidate English, Rhetoric and Writing Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Michelle Hall Kells, Chairperson Irene Vasquez Natasha Jones Melina Vizcaino-Aleman Garcia ii SIETE LENGUAS: THE RHETORICAL HISTORY OF DOLORES HUERTA AND THE RISE OF CHICANA RHETORIC by CHRISTINE BEAGLE B.A., English Language and Literature, Angelo State University, 2005 M.A., English Language and Literature, Angelo State University, 2008 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ENGLISH The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico November 10, 2015 Garcia iii DEDICATION To my children Brandon, Aliyah, and Eric. Your brave and resilient love is my savior. I love you all. Garcia iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, to my dissertation committee Michelle Hall Kells, Irene Vasquez, Natasha Jones, and Melina Vizcaino-Aleman for the inspiration and guidance in helping this dissertation project come to fruition.
    [Show full text]
  • General Vertical Files Anderson Reading Room Center for Southwest Research Zimmerman Library
    “A” – biographical Abiquiu, NM GUIDE TO THE GENERAL VERTICAL FILES ANDERSON READING ROOM CENTER FOR SOUTHWEST RESEARCH ZIMMERMAN LIBRARY (See UNM Archives Vertical Files http://rmoa.unm.edu/docviewer.php?docId=nmuunmverticalfiles.xml) FOLDER HEADINGS “A” – biographical Alpha folders contain clippings about various misc. individuals, artists, writers, etc, whose names begin with “A.” Alpha folders exist for most letters of the alphabet. Abbey, Edward – author Abeita, Jim – artist – Navajo Abell, Bertha M. – first Anglo born near Albuquerque Abeyta / Abeita – biographical information of people with this surname Abeyta, Tony – painter - Navajo Abiquiu, NM – General – Catholic – Christ in the Desert Monastery – Dam and Reservoir Abo Pass - history. See also Salinas National Monument Abousleman – biographical information of people with this surname Afghanistan War – NM – See also Iraq War Abousleman – biographical information of people with this surname Abrams, Jonathan – art collector Abreu, Margaret Silva – author: Hispanic, folklore, foods Abruzzo, Ben – balloonist. See also Ballooning, Albuquerque Balloon Fiesta Acequias – ditches (canoas, ground wáter, surface wáter, puming, water rights (See also Land Grants; Rio Grande Valley; Water; and Santa Fe - Acequia Madre) Acequias – Albuquerque, map 2005-2006 – ditch system in city Acequias – Colorado (San Luis) Ackerman, Mae N. – Masonic leader Acoma Pueblo - Sky City. See also Indian gaming. See also Pueblos – General; and Onate, Juan de Acuff, Mark – newspaper editor – NM Independent and
    [Show full text]
  • NORMA Ella CANTÚ Professor Emerita, University of Texas, San
    NORMA ELlA CANTÚ Professor Emerita, University of Texas, San Antonio Professor of Latina/o Studies and English, University of Missouri, Kansas City Web page : http://colfa.utsa.edu/English/cantu.html Blog: www.wordpress.normacantu.com Office Address : Home Address : E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Telephone : Haag Hall 204 G 5643 Locust St Office : 816-235-4125 5120 Rockhill Road Kansas City, MO 65110 Cell : 210-363-4736 Kansas City, MO 64113 Education/Certification 1984 Secondary English and Government Certification by the State of Texas 1982 Ph.D. University of Nebraska—Lincoln Co-Chairs: Profs. Paul Olson and Ralph Grajeda Dissertation: The Offering and the Offerers: A Generic Illocation of a Laredo Pastorela in the Tradition of the Shepherds’ Plays 1976 M.S. Texas A&I University--Kingsville, with honors Major: English Minor: Political Science 1973 B.S. Texas A&I University--Laredo, cum laude Major: Education: English/Political Science 1970 A.A. Laredo Junior College Areas of Teaching and Research Interest Latino/a Studies, Chicano/a Literature, Border Studies, Folklore, Women Studies, Cultural Studies, Creative Writing Teaching Experience 2013-Present University of Missouri, Kansas City—Full Professor of Latina/o Studies 2012-Present University of Texas, San Antonio—Professor Emerita 2000-2012 University of Texas, San Antonio—Full Professor of Latina/o Literatures 1993-2000 Texas A&M International University—Full Professor 1994-1995 Georgetown University--School for Continuing Education—Visiting Professor, Literature
    [Show full text]
  • From Commerce to Art: American Women Photographers 1850--1900 Denny, Margaret H
    From commerce to art: American women photographers 1850--1900 Denny, Margaret H.. Proquest Dissertations And Theses 2010. Section 0799, Part 0377 468 pages; [Ph.D. dissertation].United States -- Illinois: University of Illinois at Chicago; 2010. Publication Number: AAT 3431211. 'Imprints of their being': The photographs of Hansel Mieth and Otto Hagel Linssen, Dalia Habib. Proquest Dissertations And Theses 2010. Section 0017, Part 0377 402 pages; [Ph.D. dissertation].United States - - Massachusetts: Boston University; 2010. Publication Number: AAT 3430399. The Narrative Document: Lewis Hine and "Social Photography" Quick, Kathy A.. Proquest Dissertations And Theses 2010. Section 0024, Part 0377 171 pages; [Ph.D. dissertation].United States -- Rhode Island: Brown University; 2010. Publication Number: AAT 3430074. Japanism and the American aesthetic interior, 1867--1892: Case studies by James McNeill Whistler, Louis Comfort Tiffany, Stanford White, and Frank Lloyd Wright Roberts, Ellen E.. Proquest Dissertations And Theses 2010. Section 0017, Part 0377 316 pages; [Ph.D. dissertation].United States - - Massachusetts: Boston University; 2010. Publication Number: AAT 3430422. The buffoon men: Classic Hollywood comedians and masculinity Balcerzak, Scott Daniel. Proquest Dissertations And Theses 2008. Section 0070, Part 0900 253 pages; [Ph.D. dissertation].United States -- Florida: University of Florida; 2008. Publication Number: AAT 3425471. Exhibiting Cinema: The Moving Image in Art After 1990 Balsom, Erika. Proquest Dissertations And Theses 2010. Section 0024, Part 0900 417 pages; [Ph.D. dissertation].United States -- Rhode Island: Brown University; 2010. Publication Number: AAT 3430048. 1 Afterimages and afterthoughts about the afterlife of film: A memory of resistance Cammaer, Gerda Johanna. Proquest Dissertations And Theses 2009. Section 0228, Part 0900 285 pages; [Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Style Sheet for Aztlán: a Journal of Chicano Studies
    Style Sheet for Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies Articles submitted to Aztlán are accepted with the understanding that the author will agree to all style changes made by the copyeditor unless the changes drastically alter the author’s meaning. This style sheet is intended for use with articles written in English. Much of it also applies to those written in Spanish, but authors planning to submit Spanish-language texts should check with the editors for special instructions. 1. Reference Books Aztlán bases its style on the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, with some modifications. Spelling follows Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition. This sheet provides a guide to a number of style questions that come up frequently in Aztlán. 2. Titles and Subheads 2a. Article titles No endnotes are allowed on titles. Acknowledgments, information about the title or epigraph, or other general information about an article should go in an unnumbered note at the beginning of the endnotes (see section 12). 2b. Subheads Topical subheads should be used to break up the text at logical points. In general, Aztlán does not use more than two levels of subheads. Most articles have only one level. Authors should make the hierarchy of subheads clear by using large, bold, and/or italic type to differentiate levels of subheads. For example, level-1 and level-2 subheads might look like this: Ethnocentrism and Imperialism in the Imperial Valley Social and Spatial Marginalization of Latinos Do not set subheads in all caps. Do not number subheads. No endnotes are allowed on subheads.
    [Show full text]
  • La Nueva Chicana: Women and the Movement
    5 La Nueva Chicana: Women and the Movement Rise Up! To Woman Rise up! Rise up to life, to activity, to the beauty of truly living; but rise up radiant and powerful, beautiful with qualities, splendid with virtues, strong with energies.1 1 HIS poem was written not during the heyday of the Chicano Movement, but in 1910 by Tejana socialist labor leader and politi- cal activist Sara Estela Ramirez.2 She would not live to participate in El Primer Congreso Mexicanista held the following year. Ram- irez's ideas, however, would resonate in the words of her com- paneras. Composed of South Texas residents, this Congreso was the first civil rights assembly among Spanish-speaking people in the United States. With delegates representing community organi- zations and interests from both sides of the border, its platform ad- dressed discrimination, land loss, and lynching. Women delegates, such as Jovita Idar, Soldedad Pefia, and Hortensia Moncaya, spoke to the concerns of Tejanos and Mexicanos. Regarding education, Soledad Pena referred to "our duty ... to educate woman; to in- struct her and to ... give her due respect." Out of this congress arose a women's organization, Liga Femenil Mexicanista, and for a short period two sisters Andrea and Teresa Villareal published a newspaper, La Mujer Moderna.3 As the poem shows, strands of feminist ideology or incipient feminist ideology can be located at various junctures in the history Copyright © 2008. Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chicano Movement in Houston and Texas: a Personal Memory
    The Chicano Movement in Houston and Texas: A Personal Memory by Carlos Calbillo c/s 116th Annual Meeting The four major themes of “Chicanismo” are generally considered to be: (1) the power of the March 1–3, 2012 creative earth and labor upon it; (2) political transformation through collective efforts; Become a TSHA (3) strong familial ties extending back into Mesoamerican pre-history; and (4) spiritually- Member and Omni Houston Hotel influenced creative artistic imagination as reflected in the visual ARTS. Receive FREE Keynote Address: Civil Rights in Texas ell, what a long and strange trip it was, or should I say, and white ministers, priests, a rabbi or two in attendance, I Whas been. Carlos Guerra is gone, Lupe Youngblood became curious to see if I could find any Latinos in the large Registration* by Darlene Clark Hine, Ph.D., Northwestern University is gone, Poncho Ruiz, El Tigre, Ernie Valdés. And Mateo crowd. To my surprise, I found only one, other than me. Vega, if not gone, is certainly missing in action or something I walked up to him after the march and introduced like that. These names are some of the brothers; there were myself to Leonel J. Castillo. He would eventually become also sisters that I worked with in the movement beginning the first Latino in Houston elected to city-wide office as city in, for me, April 1968. controller. Subsequently, he became the first Latino com- Sessions Speakers Exhibitors The Chicano movement of the 1960s and 1970s was es- missioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, sentially a grassroots community insurrection and rebellion appointed by President Jimmy Carter.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexican American History Resources at the Briscoe Center for American History: a Bibliography
    Mexican American History Resources at the Briscoe Center for American History: A Bibliography The Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin offers a wide variety of material for the study of Mexican American life, history, and culture in Texas. As with all ethnic groups, the study of Mexican Americans in Texas can be approached from many perspectives through the use of books, photographs, music, dissertations and theses, newspapers, the personal papers of individuals, and business and governmental records. This bibliography will familiarize researchers with many of the resources relating to Mexican Americans in Texas available at the Center for American History. For complete coverage in this area, the researcher should also consult the holdings of the Benson Latin American Collection, adjacent to the Center for American History. Compiled by John Wheat, 2001 Updated: 2010 2 Contents: General Works: p. 3 Spanish and Mexican Eras: p. 11 Republic and State of Texas (19th century): p. 32 Texas since 1900: p. 38 Biography / Autobiography: p. 47 Community and Regional History: p. 56 The Border: p. 71 Education: p. 83 Business, Professions, and Labor: p. 91 Politics, Suffrage, and Civil Rights: p. 112 Race Relations and Cultural Identity: p. 124 Immigration and Illegal Aliens: p. 133 Women’s History: p. 138 Folklore and Religion: p. 148 Juvenile Literature: p. 160 Music, Art, and Literature: p. 162 Language: p. 176 Spanish-language Newspapers: p. 180 Archives and Manuscripts: p. 182 Music and Sound Archives: p. 188 Photographic Archives: p. 190 Prints and Photographs Collection (PPC): p. 190 Indexes: p.
    [Show full text]