Federal Election Results 1949-2001
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Department of the INFORMATION AND RESEARCH SERVICES Parliamentary Library Research Paper No. 9 2001–02 Federal Election Results 1949–2001 ISSN 1328-7478 Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2002 Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written consent of the Department of the Parliamentary Library, other than by Senators and Members of the Australian Parliament in the course of their official duties. This paper has been prepared for general distribution to Senators and Members of the Australian Parliament. While great care is taken to ensure that the paper is accurate and balanced, the paper is written using information publicly available at the time of production. The views expressed are those of the author and should not be attributed to the Information and Research Services (IRS). Advice on legislation or legal policy issues contained in this paper is provided for use in parliamentary debate and for related parliamentary purposes. This paper is not professional legal opinion. Readers are reminded that the paper is not an official parliamentary or Australian government document. IRS staff are available to discuss the paper's contents with Senators and Members and their staff but not with members of the public. Published by the Department of the Parliamentary Library, 2002 I NFORMATION AND R ESEARCH S ERVICES Research Paper No. 9 2001–02 Federal Election Results 1949–2001 Gerard Newman Statistics Group 12 March 2002 Acknowledgments The author would like to thank Scott Bennett, Geoff Winter and Jan Pearson for their assistance in preparing this paper. Enquiries Information and Research Services publications are available on the ParlInfo database. On the Internet the Department of the Parliamentary Library can be found at: http://www.aph.gov.au/library/ IRS Publications Office Telephone: (02) 6277 2778 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 Election Dates ........................................................................................................................1 Major Issues ...........................................................................................................................3 Notes on Individual Elections ................................................................................................4 Detailed Results: House of Representatives...........................................................................9 Detailed Results: Senate.......................................................................................................31 State Summary: House of Representatives Elections 1949-2001 ........................................53 State Summary: Senate Elections 1949–2001......................................................................62 House of Representatives Elections 1949–2001 Two Party Preferred Vote........................71 Senate Elections 1949–2001 Senate Composition After Election ......................................73 Federal Election Results 1949-2001 Introduction This Paper contains a summary of Federal Elections held from 1949 to 2001. Details are provided for each House of Representatives and Senate election together with tables summarising the results in each State and Territory. A brief comment on each election is provided in the Main Features section of the paper. Tables showing detailed results for each House of Representatives and Senate election contain figures for electors enrolled, number and percentage of votes received by party, and seats won by party, for each State and Territory. Votes received by party are expressed as a percentage of formal votes, while formal and informal votes are expressed as a percentage of total votes and total votes are expressed as a percentage of electors enrolled. Election Dates Unless otherwise specified elections were for the House of Representatives and half of the Senate. 10 December 1949 28 April 1951, Double dissolution 9 May 1953, Senate 29 May 1954, House of Representatives 10 December 1955 22 November 1958 9 December 1961 30 November 1963, House of Representatives 5 December 1964, Senate 26 November 1966, House of Representatives 25 November 1967, Senate 25 October 1969, House of Representatives 21 November 1970, Senate 2 December 1972, House of Representatives 18 May 1974, Double dissolution 13 December 1975, Double dissolution 10 December 1977 18 October 1980 5 March 1983, Double dissolution 1 December 1984 11 July 1987, Double dissolution 24 March 1990 13 March 1993 2 March 1996 3 October 1998 10 November 2001 1 Federal Election Results 1949-2001 Sources A number of published sources have been used in the compilation of this Paper. These include: C. A. Hughes & A. D. Graham, A Handbook of Australian Government and Politics 1890- 1964, Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1968. C. A. Hughes, A Handbook of Australian Government and Politics 1965-1974, Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1977. M. Mackerras, Australian General Elections, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1972. M. Mackerras, Elections 1980, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1980. Australasian Political Studies Association, Australian Two-Party-Preferred Votes 1949- 1982, APSA, Canberra, 1982. Australian Electoral Commission, Election Statistics (various issues), AustralianGovernment Publishing Service, Canberra. Department of the Parliamentary Library, Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (various editions), AGPS, Canberra. Party Abbreviations ACL Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist) AFI Australians Against Further Immigration AP Australia Party ALP Australian Labor Party ASP Australian Shooters Party CDL Country and Democratic League CDP Christian Democratic Party CLP Country Liberal Party CP Country Party CTA Call to Australia DEM Australian Democrats DLP Democratic Labor Party GRN Green parties HAR Senator Brian Harradine Group LCL Liberal and Country League LCP Liberal and Country Party LNP Liberal/National Party LM Liberal Movement LP Liberal Party NA National Alliance NCP National Country Party NDP Nuclear Disarmament Party NP National Party OTH Other parties PHON Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party QLP Queensland Labor Party 2 Federal Election Results 1949-2001 Major Issues During the period 1949 to 2001 there have Highlights been 22 general elections for the House of Representatives and 21 Senate elections. Highest first preference vote in House of The average length of time between House Representatives: ALP 1954 (50.1%) of Representatives elections during the LP 1975 (41.8%) period has been 2 years 6 months. NP 1987 (11.5%) Lowest first preference vote in House of Of the House of Representatives elections Representatives: the Liberal National (Country) Party ALP 2001 (37.8%) Coalition have won 15 and the Australian LP 1972 (32.0%) Labor Party seven. Up to the 2001 election NP 1998 (5.3%) the Liberal National Party Coalition had Largest number of seats in House of held government for 36 years compared to Representatives: the time in government of the Australian ALP 1987 (86) Labor Party of just 16 years. The period LP 1996 (76) NP 1975 (23) was characterised by relatively long terms IND 1996 (5) in government by either party with only Won government with less than 50% of the five changes of government during the 52 two-party preferred vote: years (1949, 1972, 1975, 1983 and 1996). LP/NP 1954 (49.3%) LP/NP 1961 (49.5%) Double dissolutions of both houses were LP/NP 1969 (49.8%) obtained five times during the period ALP 1990 (49.9%) resulting in full Senate elections being LP/NP 1998 (49.0%) held in 1951, 1974, 1975, 1983 and 1987. Highest two-party preferred vote in House of Separate half-Senate elections were held in Representatives: 1953, 1964, 1967 and 1970. ALP 1983 (53.2%) LP/NP 1966 (56.9%) During the period under consideration, the Largest two-party preferred swing: government of the day has had control in ALP 1969 (7.1%) LP/NP 1975 (7.4%) the Senate only from 1951 to 1955, 1958 to 1961 and 1975 to 1980. On each Highest vote in the Senate: occasion the Liberal National (Country) ALP 1953 (50.6%) LP/NP 1975 (51.7%) Party Coalition was in government. The DLP 1970 (11.1%) ALP has not controlled the Senate whilst DEM 1990 (12.6%) in government during the period, however Lowest vote in the Senate: it did control the Senate from 1949 to ALP 2001 (34.3%) 1951 whilst in opposition. LP/NP 1998 (37.7%) DEM 1993 (5.3%) 3 Federal Election Results 1949-2001 Notes on Individual Elections 1949 The 1949 election saw Menzies lead the Liberal Party, in close cooperation with the Country Party, to victory. The House of Representatives had been enlarged from 74 to 121 members (123 including members from NT and ACT) and the Senate from 36 to 60. A new method of electing Senators was introduced for the 1949 election which resulted in a more equitable distribution of seats. The previous method tended to produce a 'winner- take-all' result. The number of Senators elected in 1949 (seven from each State) included 2 supernumerary Senators from each State to bring the Senate up to its full complement of 60 members. The ALP retained control of the Senate. 1951 The 1951 election occurred after Menzies secured a double dissolution resulting from the ALP-controlled Senate refusing the Government's banking legislation. The