DOCSLIB.ORG

Use of Parasites As Biological Tags for Separating Stocks of the Starspotted Dogfish Mustelus Manazo in Japan and Taiwan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Use of Parasites As Biological Tags for Separating Stocks of the Starspotted Dogfish Mustelus Manazo in Japan and Taiwan Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UK FISFisheries Science0919-92682003 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd 692April 2003 626 Parasites of Mustelus manazo A Yamaguchi et al. 10.1046/j.0919-9268.2002.00626.x Original Article337342BEES SGML FISHERIES SCIENCE 2003; 69: 337–342 Use of parasites as biological tags for separating stocks of the starspotted dogfish Mustelus manazo in Japan and Taiwan Atsuko YAMAGUCHI,1* Hiroshi YOKOYAMA,2 Kazuo OGAWA2 AND Toru TANIUCHI3 1Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8521, 2Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 and 3College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan ABSTRACT: The parasite fauna of Mustelus manazo from seven localities in Japan and Taiwan was assessed for the feasibility of using parasites as biological tags for the identification of different host stocks. Examination of 1038 host specimens resulted in 13 parasite species recorded: one nematode, two myxosporeans, two copepods and eight cestodes. Although relatively low overall prevalence of the first five species at different localities showed some significant differences, the samples collected in Tokyo Bay bore the lowest similarity (19.2%). These results support previous studies, which suggested the existence of a unique host stock in Tokyo Bay. Accordingly, combinations of prevalence data may provide useful information on stock identification. Cestodes probably have the greatest potential for use as biological tags. Detailed examination of 25 specimens of M. manazo from Aomori and Tokyo Bay disclosed eight species of intestinal cestodes. A canonical discriminant analysis based on these species separated the two localities clearly. KEY WORDS: biological tag, elasmobranch, Mustelus manazo, parasite, shark, stock separation. INTRODUCTION a continuous steep slope with similar environmen- tal conditions. It was considered, therefore, that The starspotted dogfish Mustelus manazo (Chon- mixing of the two populations may occur. drichthyes: Triakidae) is a wide-ranging, temperate Parasites have been used successfully as biolog- and tropical, bottom-dwelling coastal shark, ical tags in numerous studies, including Pacific caught commonly by small trawlers, set net and herring,8 Greenland halibut9 and Australian long lines off Japan and Taiwan. Recent life-history sailfish10 to provide information on fish popula- studies of M. manazo from Japan and Taiwan have tions. However, few studies of elasmobranchs par- demonstrated great variations among localities, asites as biological tags have been conducted. particularly between Aomori and Taiwan popula- Parasites for such use should be chosen using the tions.1–7 In particular, Yamaguchi et al.5,6 found evi- following criteria: infections should be of relatively dence of geographic variations in maximum length long duration (years rather than months), with no and age, growth rate (including embryos), size at reproduction of parasites on or in the host. birth, length and age at sexual maturity, and repro- MacKenzie11 considered that for stock identifica- ductive cycle among populations from Aomori, tion studies, it is appropriate to use several differ- Tokyo Bay, Maizuru, Shimonoseki of Japan and ent groups of parasites, although parasites do not Taiwan. However, no geographic variations in life- necessarily have long life spans in the host. Dr history parameters occurred between Maizuru and Satyu Yamaguti’s list of the parasite fauna of Shimonoseki populations, except for a difference Japanese fishes included one myxosporean, seven in growth curves.5 Although the distance between cestodes and one nematode from M. manazo.12 these two areas is about 600 km, they are linked by However, no further studies of M. manazo para- sites have been made, and there is little ecologic information on them. The purpose of the present *Corresponding author: Tel: 81-95-847-1111. study was to survey the parasite fauna of Fax: 81-95-844-3516. Email: [email protected] M. manazo from seven localities in Japan and Received 18 April 2002. Accepted 17 October 2002. Taiwan and to assess the feasibility of using para- 338 FISHERIES SCIENCE A Yamaguchi et al. Table 1 List of parasites and infection sites in Mustelus manazo Parasite Infection site Nematoda Acanthocheilus rotundatus Stomach Cestoda Calliobothrium hayhowi Intestine Calliobothrium verticillatum Intestine Calliobothrium creeveyae Intestine Calliobothrium tylotocephalum Intestine Echinobothrium sp. Intestine Tripanorhyncha gen. sp. Intestine Phyllobothrium sp. Intestine Orygmatobothrium sp. Intestine Myxozoa Ceratomyxa sp. Gallbladder Chloromixum sp. Gallbladder Copepoda Sphyriidae gen. sp. Fin Perissopus oblongatus Nostril The measures of the level of injection used in this study was prevalence only. Prevalence is the Fig. 1 Map of the study area, showing sampling number of M. manazo injected divided by the locations. number examined, expressed as a percentage. Prevalence was compared for significance using the Fisher’s exact probability test from contingency tables (SPSS ver. 10.0 J for Windows; SPSS Inc., sites as biological tags for the identification of dif- Chicago, IL, USA). To test for similarity in preva- ferent host stocks. lence among localities, prevalence (%) of five par- asite species in each locality was analyzed by cluster analysis using the average linkage method. MATERIALS AND METHODS A canonical discriminant analysis was performed using prevalence data of cestodes to separate Specimens of M. manazo (n = 1038) were exam- stocks (Statistics Analysis HB for Windows ver. 1.0; ined from collections made from 1994 to 1996 Kyoritsu Syuppan Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). from seven localities, Aomori, Choshi, Tokyo Bay, Uwajima, Maizuru, Shimonoseki and Taiwan (Fig. 1). Those from Choshi and Uwajima were RESULTS taken by small bottom trawlers at depths of 100– 150 m and 50–100 m, respectively. Collection data Parasites for the remaining localities are listed in Yamaguchi et al.5,6 The samples from Shimonoseki and Taiwan Parasite species recorded included one nematode were frozen immediately after collection, while (stomach), two myxosporeans (gallbladder), and others were kept on ice during transportation to two copepods (fin or nostril) (Table 1). Because the laboratory. identification of intestinal cestodes was difficult, External parasites from the skin, fins, oral sur- detailed examination of 25 host specimens, con- faces and nostrils were examined and identified. sisting 12 from Tokyo Bay and 13 from Aomori, Stomachs and spiral intestines were separated and were made, resulting in eight cestode species being opened longitudinally and their contents rinsed recognized (Table 1). into beakers, fixed in 10% buffered formalin and settled to remove endoparasitic helminths. Bile from the gallbladder was inspected using a micro- Prevalence of parasites scope (¥400) to determine the presence or absence of Myxozoa. All parasites were identified to the low- The seasonal and ontogenetic variations of preva- est possible taxon. lence were not found in any cases. The five parasite Parasites of Mustelus manazo FISHERIES SCIENCE 339 Table 2 Prevalence of parasite species in Mustelus manazo from seven localities (excluding Cestoda) Acanthocheilus Sphyriidae gen. Perissopus rotundatus Ceratomvxa sp. Choromyxum sp. sp. oblongatus Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Locality (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n Aomori 12.6 230 7.6 171 0.6 171 0 194 0 194 Choshi 29.1 79 3.9 51 0 51 0 90 0 90 Tokyo Bay 40.6 266 33.0 254 0 254 3.3 213 6.6 213 Maizuru 31.9 135 13.5 81 1.2 81 1.0 93 0 93 Uwajima 13.5 37 27.7 36 0 36 0 39 0 39 Shimonoseki 16.9 148 14.7 115 8.7 94 0 97 0 97 Taiwan 16.7 186 12.5 16 6.3 16 0 26 0 26 d.f. 66666 c2 73.1 59.3 38.3 14.8 34.9 P 0.000** 0.000** 0.000** 0.022* 0.000** n, number of fish examined. species listed in Table 2 showed significant differ- ences in prevalence among the localities. Acan- thocheilus rotundatus was common in Tokyo Bay (40.6%), Maizuru (31.9%) and Choshi (29.1%), but uncommon in Aomori (12.6%), Uwajima (13.5%), Taiwan (16.7%) and Shimonoseki (16.9%). There were no significant differences within high or low prevalence locality groups (P > 0.05), whereas sig- nificant differences were found between them (P < 0.001). Ceratomyxa sp. was recorded from all localities, the highest prevalence being from Tokyo Bay (33.0%) and the lowest from Aomori and Choshi (7.6% and 3.9%, respectively). Chloromyxum sp. Fig. 2 Percentage similarity of parasite (excluding ces- was recorded from Aomori, Maizuru, Shimonoseki todes) prevalence in seven study areas. and Taiwan, but not from Choshi, Tokyo Bay and Uwajima (all facing the Pacific Ocean). The occurrence of two copepods on M. manazo was limited. Sphyriidae gen. sp. was recorded from Tokyo Bay and Maizuru (prevalence 3.3%, and Bay in January (n = 25) (Table 3), with significant 1.1%, respectively) and Perissopus oblongatus was differences in prevalence between the two locali- also recorded from Tokyo Bay (prevalence 6.6%). ties being found for five species. The prevalence of The greatest similarity in parasite prevalence four Calliobothrium species ranged from 69 to was found between Taiwan and Shimonoseki 100% in Aomori, but, in contrast, ranged from 17 (91.5%), with that between the two former locali- to 58% in Tokyo Bay. Other cestodes, Phylloboth- ties and Aomori also being high (73.8%). The rium sp. (100% in Tokyo Bay vs 23% in Aomori) and similarity between Choshi and Maizuru was com- Tripanorhyncha gen. sp. (58% in Aomori vs 8% in parable (73.7%), with the overall similarity of the Tokyo Bay) were included. five localities (all facing the Japan Sea, except Cho- A canonical discriminant analysis was per- shi) being 54.6%. However, parasite prevalence in formed on two category variables of eight cestode Tokyo Bay showed the least similarity with the species (0: non-parasitic, 1: parasitic) and Canoni- other localities (19.2%) (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evidence for Host-Specific Clades of Tetraphyllidean
    International Journal for Parasitology 29 (1999) 1465±1476 Evidence for host-speci®c clades of tetraphyllidean tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda) revealed by analysis of 18S ssrDNAp P.D. Olson a, b,*, T.R. Ruhnke c, J. Sanney c, T. Hudson c aThe Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, Division of Parasitic Worms, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK bUniversity of Connecticut, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, U-43, 75 No. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA cWest Virginia State College, Department of Biology, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA Received 12 April 1999; received in revised form 22 June 1999; accepted 22 June 1999 Abstract Sequence data from the V4 and V7±V9 variable regions of the 18S small subunit ribosomal DNA (ssrDNA) gene were used to examine relationships among 26 tetraphyllidean and two lecanicephalidean taxa. Newly collected specimens of 21 of the tetraphyllidean species were used to generate ssrDNA sequences that were combined with sequences previously available, including those of two diphyllidean taxa used for outgroup rooting. The sequences were aligned by eye according to secondary structural motifs of the conserved core of the molecule. Of the 1520 sites in the alignment, 874 (58%) were excluded from analysis due to alignment gaps and lack of positional homology as inferred by manual inspection. Genetic variability of the ssrDNA gene regions compared was greater than would be expected, based on the present taxonomy of the ingroup species, and the genetic divergences among tetraphyllidean `families' and genera were comparable to that among tapeworm orders. Phylogenetic hypotheses were generated by the methods of maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood (GTR + I + G nucleotide substitution model).
    [Show full text]
  • AAVP 1995 Annual Meeting Proceedings
    Joint Meeting of The American Society of Parasitologists & The American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists July 6 july 1 0, 1995 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 2 ! j THE AMERICAN SOCIETY - OF PARASITOLOGISTS - & THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGISTS ACKNOWLEDGE THEFOLLO~GCO~ANlliS FOR THEIR FINANCIAL SUPPORT: CORPORATE EVENT SPONSOR: PFIZER ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATE SPONSORS: BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM ANIMAL HEALTH, INC. MALUNCKRODT VETERINARY, INC. THE UPJOHN CO. MEETING SPONSORS: AMERICAN CYANAMID CO. CIBA ANIMAL HEALTH ELl LILLY & CO. FERMENT A ANIMAL HEALTH HILL'S PET NUTRITION, INC. HOECHST-ROUSSEL AGRI-VET CO. IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. MIDWEST VETERINARY SERVICES, INC. PARA VAX, INC. PROFESSIONAL LABORATORIES & RESEARCH SERVICES RHONE MERIEUX, INC. SCHERING-PLOUGH ANIMAL HEALTH SOLVAY ANIMAL HEALTH, INC. SUMITOMO CHEMICAL, LTO. SYNBIOTICS CORP. TRS LABS, INC. - - I I '1---.. --J 3 Announcing a Joint Meeting of THE AMERICAN SOCIETY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION Of OF PARASITOLOGISTS VETERINARY PARASITOLOGISTS (70th Meeting) (40th Meeting) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania july 6-1 0, 1995 INFORMATION & REGISTRATION Hyatt Regency Hotel, 112 Washington Place THURSDAY Regency foyer, 2nd Floor t July 6th Registration Begins, Noon-5:00 p.m. FRIDAY Regency foyer, 2nd Floor t July 7th 8:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. SATURDAY Regency foyer, 2nd Floor july 8th 8:00 a.m.-5:00p.m. SUNDAY Regency foyer, 2nd Floor july 9th 8:00 a.m.-Noon t Items for the Auction may be delivered to this location before 3:00p.m. on Friday, july 7th. 4 WELCOME RECEPTION Thursday, july 6th 7:00-1 0:00 p.m. Grand Ballroom SOCIAl, MATCH THE FACES & AUCTION Friday, July 7th Preview: 6:30-7:30 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
    Ecology and evolutionary biology SPRING/SUMMER NEWSLETTER 2019 NUMBER 34 CARL SCHLICHTING RETURNS TO FULL TIME TEACHING AND RESEARCH On June 30, 2019 Dr. Carl Schlichting returned to full time teaching and research responsibilities after serving as EEB’s Department Head for 5 1/2 years (2014-2019). Carl received his B.S. in Zoology from Ohio State University, M.A. in Ecology and Evolution from SUNY at Stony Brook, and a Ph.D. in Botany from the University of Texas (Austin). Carl joined the EEB Department in 1988 as Assistant Professor at the Hartford campus. In 2000 he was promoted to Professor and joined the faculty in Storrs in 2002. He is looking forward to finishing some manuscripts and analyzing some old (Phox and Lobelia) and new (Pelargonium) datasets that have been awaiting his attention! During Carl’s tenure as Head, EEB welcomed eight new faculty members, six at Storrs and one each at Hartford and Stamford. Although he takes little credit, he notes that Department grant expenditures have risen by 40% to $3.5M/ year, and the number of EEB majors has risen from 55 to 80. Carl performed day-to-day management of the multi- year planning process for EEB’s eventual move into a newly renovated Gant Building, as well as the negotiations for a new Greenhouse facility. He will continue to manage the planning and move into EEB’s new Gant space. The exact dates of the two-phase moves will be announced in an upcoming newsletter so stay tuned. Faculty, students and staff are grateful to Carl for his leadership and support during his tenure as Department Head.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasites of Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes) in South Africa – a Neglected Field of Marine Science
    Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS Folia Parasitologica 2019, 66: 002 doi: 10.14411/fp.2019.002 http://folia.paru.cas.cz Research article Parasites of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) in South Africa – a neglected field of marine science Bjoern C. Schaeffner and Nico J. Smit Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Abstract: Southern Africa is considered one of the world’s ‘hotspots’ for the diversity of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes), with currently 204 reported species. Although numerous literature records and treatises on chondrichthyan fishes are available, a paucity of information exists on the biodiversity of their parasites. Chondrichthyan fishes are parasitised by several groups of protozoan and metazoan organisms that live either permanently or temporarily on and within their hosts. Reports of parasites infecting elasmobranchs and holocephalans in South Africa are sparse and information on most parasitic groups is fragmentary or entirely lacking. Parasitic copepods constitute the best-studied group with currently 70 described species (excluding undescribed species or nomina nuda) from chondrichthyans. Given the large number of chondrichthyan species present in southern Africa, it is expected that only a mere fraction of the parasite diversity has been discovered to date and numerous species await discovery and description. This review summarises information on all groups of parasites of chondrichthyan hosts and demonstrates the current knowledge of chondrichthyan parasites in South Africa. Checklists are provided displaying the host-parasite and parasite-host data known to date. Keywords: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, diversity, host-parasite list, parasite-host list The biogeographical realm of Temperate Southern Af- pagno et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitic Flatworms
    Parasitic Flatworms Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology and Physiology This page intentionally left blank Parasitic Flatworms Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Immunology and Physiology Edited by Aaron G. Maule Parasitology Research Group School of Biology and Biochemistry Queen’s University of Belfast Belfast UK and Nikki J. Marks Parasitology Research Group School of Biology and Biochemistry Queen’s University of Belfast Belfast UK CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Office CABI North American Office Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org ©CAB International 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parasitic flatworms : molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology and physiology / edited by Aaron G. Maule and Nikki J. Marks. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-85199-027-9 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-85199-027-4 (alk. paper) 1. Platyhelminthes. [DNLM: 1. Platyhelminths. 2. Cestode Infections. QX 350 P224 2005] I. Maule, Aaron G. II. Marks, Nikki J. III. Tittle. QL391.P7P368 2005 616.9'62--dc22 2005016094 ISBN-10: 0-85199-027-4 ISBN-13: 978-0-85199-027-9 Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    1 CURRICULUM VITAE I. Biographical Information Name: Daniel Rusk Brooks, FRSC Home Address: 28 Eleventh Street Etobicoke, Ontario M8V 3G3 CANADA Home Telephone: (416) 503-1750 Business Address: Department of Zoology University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5 CANADA Business Telephone: (416) 978-3139 FAX: (416) 978-8532 email: [email protected] Home Page: http://www.zoo.utoronto.ca/brooks/ Parasite Biodiversity Site: http://brooksweb.zoo.utoronto.ca/index.html Date of Birth: 12 April 1951 Citizenship: USA Marital Status: Married to Deborah A. McLennan Recreational Activities: Tennis, Travel, Wildlife Photography Language Capabilities: Conversant in Spanish II. Educational Background Undergraduate: 1969-1973 B.S. with Distinction (Zoology) University of Nebraska-Lincoln Thesis supervisor: M. H. Pritchard Graduate: 1973-1975 M.S. (Zoology) University of Nebraska-Lincoln Thesis supervisor: M. H. Pritchard 1975-1978 Ph.D. (Biology) Gulf Coast Marine Research Laboratory (University of Mississippi) Dissertation supervisor: R. M. Overstreet 2 III. Professional Employment University of Notre Dame NIH Post-doctoral Trainee (Parasitology) 1978-1979 National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Friends of the National Zoo Post-doctoral Fellow 1979-1980 University of British Columbia Assistant Professor of Zoology 1980-1985 Associate Professor of Zoology 1985-1988 University of Toronto Associate Professor of Zoology 1988-1991 Professor, University College 1992-6 Faculty of Graduate Studies 1988- Professor of Zoology 1991- IV. Professional Activities 1. Awards and Distinctions: PhD honoris causa, Stockholm University (2005) Fellow, Royal Society of Canada (2004) Wardle Medal, Parasitology Section, Canadian Society of Zoology (2001) Gold Medal, Centenary of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil (2000) Northrop Frye Award, University of Toronto Alumni Association and Provost (1999) Henry Baldwin Ward Medal, American Society of Parasitologists (1985) Charles A.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Subunit Rdna and the Platyhelminthes: Signal, Noise, Conflict and Compromise
    Chapter 25 In: Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes (eds. D.T.J. Littlewood & R.A. Bray) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 25 SMALL SUBUNIT RDNA AND THE PLATYHELMINTHES: SIGNAL, NOISE, CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE D. Timothy J. Littlewood and Peter D. Olson The strategies of gene sequencing and gene characterisation in phylogenetic studies are frequently determined by a balance between cost and benefit, where benefit is measured in terms of the amount of phylogenetic signal resolved for a given problem at a specific taxonomic level. Generally, cost is far easier to predict than benefit. Building upon existing databases is a cost-effective means by which molecular data may rapidly contribute to addressing systematic problems. As technology advances and gene sequencing becomes more affordable and accessible to many researchers, it may be surprising that certain genes and gene products remain favoured targets for systematic and phylogenetic studies. In particular, ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and the various RNA products transcribed from it continue to find utility in wide ranging groups of organisms. The small (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA fragments especially lend themselves to study as they provide an attractive mix of constant sites that enable multiple alignments between homologues, and variable sites that provide phylogenetic signal (Hillis and Dixon 1991; Dixon and Hillis 1993). Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is also the commonest nucleic acid in any cell and thus was the prime target for sequencing in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes during the early history of SSU nucleotide based molecular systematics (Olsen and Woese 1993). In particular, the SSU gene (rDNA) and gene product (SSU rRNA1) have become such established sources of taxonomic and systematic markers among some taxa that databanks dedicated to the topic have been developed and maintained with international and governmental funding (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • （要約） Molecular Systematics of the Order Phyllobothriidea
    Ꮫ఩ㄽᩥ 㸦せ⣙㸧 Molecular Systematics of the Order Phyllobothriidea (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) from the Coastal Seas of Japan 㸦᪥ᮏ࿘㎶ᾏᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ྾ⴥ┠㸦ᡥᙧື≀㛛㸸᮲⹸⥘㸧 ࡢศᏊ⣔⤫࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃศ㢮Ꮫⓗ◊✲㸧 ᖹᡂ 26 ᖺ 12 ᭶༤ኈ㸦⌮Ꮫ㸧⏦ㄳ ᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉ ⏕≀⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ ಴ᓥ 㝧 ii Abstract The order Phyllobothriidea was established based on its molecular phylogeny that separates the family Phyllobothriidae from the order Tetraphyllidea. However, many genera are left incertae sedis in Tetraphyllidea, and the order Phyllobothriidea should be revised together with these taxonomically uncertain genera. In this study, the systematics of Phyllobothriidea was revised based on molecular analyses using ssrDNA and lsrDNA. As a result, 17 genera including three new genera, namely Phyllobothrium, Alexandercestus, Bilocularia, Calliobothrium, Calyptrobothrium, Chimaerocestos, Crossobothrium, Mitsukuricestus n. gen., Monorygma, Orygmatobothrium, Pelichnibothrium, Scyphophyllidium, Symcallio, Thysanocephalum, Trilocularia, Yamaguticestus n. gen., and Vertebraeovicestus n. gen., were recognized in Phyllobothriidea. Clistobothrium was a junior synonym of Pelichnibothrium, and Marsupiobothrium, Nandocestus, Orectolobicestus, Paraorygmatobothrium, and Ruhnkecestus were junior synonyms of Scyphophyllidium. Monorygma megacotyla was a junior synonym of Ph. squali, and Ph. squali was transferred to Yamaguticestus. Marsupiobothrium gobelinus was transferred to Mitsukuricestus, and Ph. biacetabulatum was transferred to Anthocephalum of Rhinebothriidea. The sequences of the larval species, namely Pe. caudatum, Ph. delphini, and Mo. grimaldii, were located in the Pelichnibothrium clade but did not match those of any adults. These three larval species were considered valid species of Pelichnibothrium. The most important taxonomic characteristics of Phyllobothriidea had been believed to be in its scolex and proglottid, but the morphological characteristics did not reflect the phylogeny. Five types of bothridium on the scolex, namely cup, crumple, divided, flat, and loculate margin, were observed in many lineages, but only sac type was uniquely found in Sc.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. National Animal Parasite Collection Records
    U.S. National Animal Parasite Collection Records 1767-2003 Figure 1. USDA-ARS Animal Parasitology Institute logo Collection 223 167 Linear Feet United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library Special Collections 10301 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville, MD 20705 Table of Contents Container List .................................................................................................................................. 2 Series I. Parasite Illustrations. 1767-1971. 46 boxes. ................................................................ 2 Subseries I.A. Standard-size Illustrations. 1767-1963. 26 boxes. ...................................................... 2 Subseries I.B. Oversize Illustrations. 20 boxes. ................................................................................ 97 Series II. Parasite Photographic Materials. 1902-1977. 51 boxes. ....................................... 114 Subseries II.A. Lantern Slides. 1906-1940, undated. 9 boxes. ...................................................... 114 Subseries II.B. Glass Plate Negatives. 1902-1938, undated. 31 boxes. ......................................... 115 Subseries II.C. Glass Exhibit Plates. Undated. 3 boxes. ................................................................ 117 Subseries II.D. Parasite Photographs. 1909-1965, undated. 6 boxes. ............................................ 117 Subseries II.E. Publication Process Galleys and Negatives. 1955. 2 boxes. .................................. 124 Series III. History of the Animal Parasite
    [Show full text]
  • Host - Parasites List
    www.shark-references.com Version 01.08.2012 Bibliography database of living/fossil sharks, rays and chimaeras (Chondrichtyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) Host - Parasites List published by Jürgen Pollerspöck, Benediktinerring 34, 94569 Stephansposching, Germany ISSN: 2195-6499 Huffmanela lata Justine, 2005 © Prof. Jean-Lou Justine, Paris Protocotyle euzetmaillardi Justine, 2011 © Prof. Jean-Lou Justine, Paris 1 please send missing paper to: [email protected] www.shark-references.com Version 01.08.2012 Please support www.shark-references.com Please send me missing, not listed references! Inform me about missing parasites records! Abstract: This is the first version of an “Host - Parasites List” of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichtyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali). This first edition records more than 1.500 different species of parasites recovered from more than 400 species of sharks, rays, skates and chimaeras. All information about the parasites are also available at http://shark-references.com/index.php/species/listValidRecent/A (weekly update). Notice: This paper is intended to be consulted for advice and information. This information has been compiled to the best of my abilities based on current knowledge and practice.Please note, however, that possible errors cannot be altogether/entirely excluded. Citation: Pollerspöck, J. (2012), Bibliography database of living/fossil sharks, rays and chimaeras (Chondrichtyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) – Host - Parasites List -, www.shark-references.com, World Wide Web electronic publication, Version 08/2012 ISSN: 2195-6499 © Edited By: Jürgen Pollerspöck, Benediktinerring 34, D-94569 Stephansposching; Germany Acknowledgements: I am thankful to Prof. Jean-Lou Justine, Paris for the permission to use the images of the front cover and for his support.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Cape Town
    Studies on the Diversity and Distribution of Marine Ichthyoparasites in Southern Africa Muhammad Azher Irfan Nunkoo A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Town in the Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of CapeCape Town of January 2019 University Supervisors: Dr. Cecile C. Reed 1, Assoc. Prof. Sven E. Kerwath 1, 2, Dr. Carl D. van der Lingen 1, 2, 3 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa 2 Fisheries Research and Development, Branch: Fisheries Management, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X2, Vlaeberg, 8018, Cape Town, South Africa 3 Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa The copyright of this thesis vests inTown the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes Capeonly. of Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University Declaration I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another‘s work and to pretend that it is one‘s own. I have used the Harvard convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to and quotation in this project from the works of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. This project is my own work. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
    8 Year Program Review – Self-Study Outline University of Connecticut DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY & EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 8 YEAR PROGRAM REVIEW SELF-STUDY 2012 1 8 Year Program Review – Self-Study Outline Executive Summary Highlight the most salient points of this self-study. Place particular emphasis on new directions and remediation of existing problems. (OIR program review data are attached in Appendix ES1) The goal of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB) at the University of Connecticut (UConn) is for its Faculty members to be the leaders of their fields. As evidenced by our enhanced standing in the recent NRC rankings relative to previously designated peer and target institutions, our program has improved substantially since our last review (Appendix ES2). EEB is a strong, vital, and professionally active group of committed researchers, teachers, graduate students and post-docs. Members of the Department are highly productive and influential scholars. Since 2005 EEB faculty have published 658 peer-reviewed articles in leading journals and 111 book chapters. They have authored 16 books and edited another 13 and have garnered more than 53,000 citations to their work. Active extramural awards during this period totaled $28,363,819 (~$75,000,000 if non-UConn funds are included)—a 63% increase in external support over the review period. EEB engages in research collaborations with colleagues across multiple UConn Colleges, Schools and Departments, and at institutions across the U.S. and the world. Our commitment to professional service is extensive, with faculty members holding an unusually large number of influential positions in professional societies and journals, as well as a major presence on federal review panels.
    [Show full text]