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Calliobothrium Spp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) in Mustelus Schmitti (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes) from Argentina and Uruguay

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Calliobothrium Spp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) in Mustelus Schmitti (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes) from Argentina and Uruguay University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 12-2002 Calliobothrium spp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) in Mustelus schmitti (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes) from Argentina and Uruguay Verónica A. Ivanov Universidad de Buenos Aires Daniel R. Brooks University of Toronto, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Ivanov, Verónica A. and Brooks, Daniel R., "Calliobothrium spp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) in Mustelus schmitti (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes) from Argentina and Uruguay" (2002). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 263. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/263 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. J. Parasitol., 88(6), 2002, pp. 1200-1213 ? American Society of Parasitologists 2002 CALLIOBOTHRIUMSPP. (EUCESTODA:TETRAPHYLLIDEA: ONCHOBOTHRIIDAE) IN MUSTELUSSCHMITTI (CHONDRICHTHYES: CARCHARHINIFORMES) FROM ARGENTINA AND URUGUAY Ver6nica A. Ivanov* and Daniel R. Brookst Laboratorio de Helmintologia, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon II, piso 4, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Three species of Calliobothrium inhabit the spiral intestine of Mustelus schmitti in Argentina and Uruguay. Calliob- othrium verticillatum australis is redescribed and its taxonomic status modified to species as C. australis. Calliobothrium barbarae n. sp. can be distinguished from all other species of Calliobothrium, which are small bodied, nonlaciniate, and without accessory piece between the bases of axial hook, by worm length, number of segments, cocoon morphology, and hooks shape. Callioboth- rium lunae n. sp. is different from other Calliobothrium spp., which are small bodied, nonlaciniate, and have an accessory piece, by the number of segments and testes, hook shape, cocoon morphology, and the presence of ciliumlike projections on the distal surface of muscular pads. Calliobothrium australis is clearly distinguished from other large-bodied, laciniate species of the genus by worm length, number of testes, ovary shape, cocoon morphology, hook shape, and in being hyperapolytic. The oioxenous specificity involving Calliobothrium spp. and Mustelus spp. described by previous authors is confirmed in this study. Eucestodes of the onchobothriid tetraphyllidean Callioboth- Specimens prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were rium van Beneden, 1850, are common inhabitants of sharks, hydrated in a graded ethanol series, postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in a ethanol series, and dried tetra- Mustelus in 1 overnight, dehydrated graded using i.e., Linck, 1790; fact, only species of the genus methylsilane. Specimens were then mounted on stubs with adhesive (C. creeveyae Butler, 1987) inhabits a host other than Mustelus tape, coated with gold in a Balzeus SCD 40 coater, and examined in a spp. Moreover, most of the Calliobothrium spp. show specific- Philips 515 scanning electron microscope. Mature segments of speci- ity for a single species of Mustelus, even when other congeneric mens of each different species were embedded in paraffin and serially sectioned at 10 in transverse view. All sections were stained with host species are sympatric with the preferred host (Nasin et al., [pm Harris' hematoxylin and counterstained with eosin. Specimens from the 1997). Ostrowski de Nunfiez(1973) presented a strikingly dif- personal collection of Ostrowski de Niunez were also studied. ferent view of host specificity patterns among Calliobothrium Measurements include the range followed in parentheses by the spp., when she reported C. verticillatum australis Ostrowski de mean, standard deviation, number of worms examined (n), and the total Nunifez, 1973, C. eschrichti van Beneden, 1850, and C. lintoni number of observations when more than 1 measurement per worm was taken (n). Hook terminology and hook measurements follow those of in the narrownose Euzet, 1954, smooth-hound shark, M. schmit- Caira (1985) and Nasin et al. (1997) (see Fig. 8). All measurements are ti Springer, 1939, from Argentine waters. These species were in micrometers unless otherwise stated. Figures were drawn with the previously reported inhabiting other species of Mustelus in the aid of a drawing tube on a Zeiss Axioskop microscope. Museum ab- Mediterranean Sea, northeastern Atlantic Ocean, and Japan. breviations used are as follows: MACN, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Colecci6n Buenos Aires, and The unusual nature of the report by Ostrowski de Nuniez (1973) Helmintol6gica, Argentina, USNPC, U.S. National Parasite Collection, Beltsville, Maryland, USA. prompted us to make new collections from the same and new localities, to reexamine the taxonomic status of the Callioboth- DESCRIPTIONS rium spp. inhabiting M. schmitti. Calliobothrium australis Ostrowski de Nunfiez, 1973 MATERIALS AND METHODS (Figs. 1-21) A total of 52 specimens of M. schmitti was obtained from catches of commercial trawlers in the following localities: 7 specimens off La Redescription (based on 20 specimens: 15 whole mounts, 3 Paloma (Uruguay) in July 1993, 30 specimens off Mar del Plata (Prov- observed with SEM and 2 as cross sections): Worms hypera- incia de Buenos in December Aires, Argentina) 1995, and 15 specimens polytic, 60.4-99.0 (74.0 + 13.0; n = 15) mm long; maximum off Puerto Quequen (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) in February width ? = 2000. The mucosal surface of some spiral intestines of hosts from Ar- 1,000-1,920 (1,302 309; n 15) at the level of last = gentina was examined fresh, and the worms were removed and placed mature segment; 250-310 (293 + 17; n 15) segments per directly into fixative (10% hot formalin). Other spiral intestines were worm (Fig. 9). Scolex 325-435 (375 ? 29; n = 15) long, 235- fixed in 10% formalin for later examination for worms and transferred 310 (269 + 24; n = 15) wide, composed of 4 triloculate bo- to 70% alcohol for storage after 48 hr. for Specimens prepared light thridia, velum, each bothridium muscular microscopy were hydrated in a graded ethanol series, stained with Har- lacking bearing apical ris' hematoxylin, dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, cleared in meth- pad with 3 accessory suckers, 2 pairs of hooks (Figs. 1, 10). yl salicylate, and mounted in Canada balsam. Specimens recovered from Bothridia 300-340 (315 _ 15; n = 21; n = 15) long, 93-140 elasmobranchs off Uruguay were relaxed in seawater, killed with hot (269 + 24; n = 21; n = 15) wide; anterior loculus 170-215 fixed with and stored in 70% ethanol. water, AFA, Whole mounts were (193 + 14; n = 21; n = 15) long; middle loculus 40-62 (54 stained with Mayer's hematoxylin. + 6; n = 21; n = 15) long; posterior loculus 62-92 (75 + 6; n = 21; n = 15) long. Ratio of locular lengths (anterior-mid- Received 15 February 2002; revised 10 June 2002; accepted 10 June dle-posterior) 1:0.19-0.34 (0.28 + 0.04):0.30-0.49 (0.39 + 2002. Muscular 32-50 + n = n = * 0.05). pad (39 6; 21; 15) long, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONI- 107-132 (114 + 8; n = 21; n = 15) wide; central accessory CET). sucker 40-50 + n = n = in lateral t Present address: Department of Zoology, Centre for Comparative Bi- (43 3; 10; 15) diameter, = ology and Biodiversity, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S accessory suckers 30-37 (35 + 3; n 15) in diameter (Fig. 3G5. 13). Hooks hollow, covered by a thin layer of tissue with the 1200 IVANOVAND BROOKS-NEW SPECIES OF CALLIOBOTHRIUM 1201 2 3 8 sr axial 7 FIGURES1-8. Calliobothrium australis. 1. Scolex. Bar = 50 pm. 2. Detail of hooks. Bar = 25 Lm. 3. Detail of hooks. Bar = 25 pLm.4. Mature segment. Bar = 200 pLm.5. Detail of terminal genitalia. Bar = 40 LTm.6. Detail of cocoons. Bar = 100 pLm.7. Detail of ootype region. Bar = 100 ptm. 8. Hook measurements. Abbreviations: mg, Mehlis' gland; o, ovary; oc, oocapt; od, oviduct; sr, seminal receptacle; u, uterus; ud, uteroduct; vg, vagina. 1202 THE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY,VOL. 88, NO. 6, DECEMBER2002 Proximal surfaces of bothridia covered with densely packed bladelike microtriches, 2.5 long, 0.8 wide at base, 6 microtrich- es/pLm2approximately, no filiform microtriches observed (Fig. / 11). Distal surfaces of bothridia covered with small and short V filiform microtriches, 25 microtriches/im2 approximately (Fig. 12). Distal surfaces of apical suckers and muscular pads cov- ered with small and short filiform microtriches, 27 microtriches/ K pLm2 approximately (Fig. 15). Proximal surface of muscular pads covered with bladelike microtriches, 1.4 long, 0.6 wide at V base, 5 14). 4, microtriches/4tm2 approximately (Fig. Segments V covered with filiform microtriches, 1.3 long, 0.2 wide at base, U1 2 12 microtriches/itm2 approximately (Figs. 16, 17), flaps covered with elongate bladelike microtriches, 2.3 long, 0.6 wide at base, I' 9 microtriches/4Lm2 LV approximately (Fig. 18). Segments laciniate (Figs. 4, 9). First 3 segments
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