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A Monograph on the Diphyllidea (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda) Gaines Albert Tyler II University of Connecticut

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A Monograph on the Diphyllidea (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda) Gaines Albert Tyler II University of Connecticut University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska State Museum 2006 TAPEWORMS OF ELASMOBRANCHS (Part II) A Monograph on the Diphyllidea (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda) Gaines Albert Tyler II University of Connecticut Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museumbulletin Part of the Entomology Commons, Geology Commons, Geomorphology Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Paleobiology Commons, Paleontology Commons, and the Sedimentology Commons Tyler, Gaines Albert II, "TAPEWORMS OF ELASMOBRANCHS (Part II) A Monograph on the Diphyllidea (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda)" (2006). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum. 40. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museumbulletin/40 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum Volume 20 Issue Date: 1 June 2006 Editor: Brett C. Ratcliffe Cover design and digitization: Janine N. Caira, Kirsten Jensen, and Angie Fox Text design: Linda Ratcliffe; layout: Kirsten Jensen Text fonts: New Century Schoolbook and Arial Bulletins may be purchased from the Museum. Address orders to: Publications Secretary W 436 Nebraska Hall University of Nebraska State Museum P.O. Box 880514 Lincoln, NE 68588-0514 U.S.A. Price: $25.00 Copyright © by the University of Nebraska State Museum, 2006. All rights reserved. Apart from citations for the purposes of research or review, no part of this Bulletin may be reproduced in any form, mechanical or electronic, including photocopying and recording, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISSN 0093-6812 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number Printed in the United States of America The Bulletin is a peer-reviewed journal. 11 CONTENTS Abstract.................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ......................................................................................~ ..................... 3 Overview .......................................................................................................... 3 Anatomy .......................................................................................................... 3 Life Cycle ......................................................................................................... 8 Historical Summary ........................................................................................ 9 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................ 11 Systematic Treatment ofthe Diphyllidea .......................................................... 14 Diphyllidea Van Beneden in Carus, 1863 ................................................... 14 Problematic Genera ...................................................................................... 14 Diagonobothrium Shipley and Hornell, 1906 ....................................... 14 Yogeshwaria Chincholikar and Shinde, 1976 ....................................... 14 Key to the Families of Diphyllidea Van Beneden ....................................... 15 Ditrachybothridiidae Schmidt, 1970 ............................................................ 15 Ditrachybothridium Rees, 1959 ............................................................ 15 Key to the Species of Ditrachybothridium ............................................ 16 Ditrachybothridium macrocephalum Rees, 1959 ................................. 16 Ditrachybothridium piliformis Faliex, Tyler, and Euzet, 2000 ........... 19 Echinobothriidae Perrier, 1897 .................................................................... 20 Echinobothrium Van Beneden 1849 ..................................................... 21 List of Species of Echinobothrium ......................................................... 23 Problematic Species ............................................................................... 24 Echinobothrium boisii Southwell, 1911 ......................................... 24 Echinobothrium lateroporum Subhapradha, 1948 ........................ 25 Echinobothrium levicolle Lespes, 1857 .......................................... 25 Echinobothrium nagabhushani (Chincholikar and Shinde, 1976) n. comb ............................................................................................. 26 Echinobothrium rhinoptera Shipley and Hornell, 1906 ................ 26 Echinobothrium scoliodoni Sanaka, Lakshmi, and Rao, 1986 ..... 27 Key to the Valid Species of Echinobothrium ........................................ 28 Echinobothrium typus Van Beneden, 1849 .................................... 30 Echinobothrium acanthinophyllum Rees, 1961.. ........................... 32 Echinobothrium acanthocolle Wojciechowska, 1991 ..................... 34 Echinobothrium affine Diesing, 1863 ............................................. 36 Echinobothrium benedeni Ruszkowski, 1927 ................................ 39 Echinobothrium bonasum Williams and Campbell, 1980 ............. 41 Echinobothrium brachysoma Pintner, 1889 .................................. 43 Echinobothrium californiense Ivanov and Campbell, 1998 .......... 45 Echinobothrium chisholmae Jones and Beveridge, 2001.. ............ 47 Echinobothrium clavatum Probert and Stobart 1989 ................... 48 Echinobothrium coenoformum Alexander, 1963 ............................ 50 Echinobothrium coronatum Robinson, 1959 .................................. 52 Echinobothrium deeghai Gupta and Parmar, 1988 ...................... 54 Echinobothrium elegans Tyler, n. sp .............................................. 55 Echinobothrium euterpes (Neifar, Tyler, and Euzet, 2001) n. comb ............................................................................................. 59 Echinobothrium euzeti Campbell and Carvajal, 1980 ................... 60 Echinobothrium fautleyae Tyler and Caira, 1999 ......................... 63 111 Echinobothrium harfordi McVicar, 1976 ....................................... 66 Echinobothrium helmymohamedi Saoud, Ramadan, and Hassan, 1982 .................................................................................................. 68 Echinobothrium heroniense Williams, 1964 .................................. 71 Echinobothrium hoffmanorum Tyler, 2001 ................................... 74 Echinobothrium longicolle Southwell, 1925 .................................. 77 Echinobothrium mathiasi Euzet, 1951 .......................................... 79 Echinobothrium megacanthum Ivanov and Campbell, 1998 ........ 82 Echinobothrium mexicanum Tyler and Caira, 1999 ..................... 83 Echinobothrium musteli Pintner, 1889 .......................................... 88 Echinobothrium notoguidoi Ivanov, 1997 ...................................... 89 Echinobothrium pigmentatum Ostrowski de Nunez, 1971 ........... 92 Echinobothrium raji Heller, 1949 .................................................. 94 Echinobothrium raschii Campbell and Andrade, 1997 ................. 97 Echinobothrium rayallemangi Tyler, 2001 .................................... 99 Echinobothrium reesae Ramadevi, 1969 ...................................... 102 Echinobothrium rhynchobati (Khalil and Abdul-Salam, 1989) n. comb ........................................................................................... 104 Echinobothrium syrtensis (Neifar, Tyler, and Euzet, 2001) n. comb ........................................................................................... 107 Phylogenetic Relationships ............................................................................... 110 Overview ...................................................................................................... 110 Study Taxa .................................................................................................. 110 Character Analysis and Coding ................................................................. 110 Phylogenetic Analyses ................................................................................ 113 Results ........................................................................................................ 114 Discussion of Relationships ........................................................................ 115 Evolution and Diversification ........................................................................... 119 Host-parasite Associations and Coevolution .................................................... 123 Biogeography...................................................................................................... 126 Collection of Parasites and Lack of Taxonomic Representation ..................... 126 Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 129 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. 130 Literature Cited ................................................................................................. 132 Taxonomic Index ................................................................................................ 140 About the Author ..............................................................................................
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