Botanical Herbarium, Utrecht
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ACTA BOTANICA NEERLANDICA, Vol. 4 (2), 1955 Notes on the Marantaceae of Suriname BY A.M.E. Jonker-Verhoef AND F.P. Jonker (Botanical Museum and Herbarium, Utrecht) (:received February 15th, 1955) Thelist ofMarantaceaepublished by Pulle (1906) comprises 20 species 6 with 8 belonging to genera, the largest genus being Calathea species. that of the It was found, however, one the species does not belong to family: investigation of the type of Calathea strobilifera (Miq.) Koern., viz. Kegel 1469 [Goet], showed that it pertains to Renealmia strobilifera et Endl. The record of another Calathea Poepp. [fingiberaceae] . species, allouia (Aubl.) Lindl. appeared to be based on a misidentification: 893 the collection Focke cited under this name by Pulle (1906) belongs to C. grandis O. G. Peters. Later on Pulle (1909) recorded the occurrence of one species more of this family in Suriname, viz. Since then further additions Myrosma polystachya Pulle, a new species. no to the list of Suriname species have been published. Our investigation of the Suriname material showed the occurrence of the few 33 species belonging to 8 genera. In following pages a taxonomic and phytogeographical remarks are made on some of these and also contain the of genera species; they description a new genus. CALATHEA G. F. W. Mey. As mentioned above we had to remove from Pulle’s list two species: Calathea allouia (Aubl.) Lindl. and C. strobilifera (Miq.) Koern. To the 6 6 other recorded for the first remaining species we are adding ones, time from Suriname, viz.: 1. C. lutea (Aubl.) Spreng., once collected by the Forestry Department in the Wilhelmina it known from the West- Mountains; was already Indian Islands and tropical America. 2. C. legrelleana Reg., already collected by Splitgerber in 1838 but overlooked by Pulle; since then two other collections have been added. This species has been recorded from Ecuador, Colombia and Amazonian Brazil. 3. C. cyclophora Baker, hitherto known only from British Guiana, but recently collected four times by Lanjouw and Lindemanin Suriname. NOTES ON THE MARANTACEAE OF SURINAME 173 Our investigation of the material in the Paris herbarium showed that this species occurs in French Guiana too, where it was collected by Leprieur and by Richard. 4. C. micans (Kl.) Koern., known before from Nicaragua, Guatemala, French and British Guiana, Amazonian Brazil, Colombia and Peru. albicans K. Schum. = micans In our opinion C. Brogn. ex C. var. considered Both have robustior Koern. is to be a synonym. taxa been robust based on specimens of a somewhat more growth. till 5. C. ovata (Nees et Mart.) Lindl., a species up now known only from Brazil, Bahia. Tubers of this species were collected by Geijskes at Mt. Temomairem, Toemoek Hoemak Mts., Upper Litanie River, and brought to Paramaribo where they were planted in the garden of the Agricultural Experimental Station; flowering plants gathered there were studied by us. The tubers are said to be eaten by the Wama known them or Wayare hoele indians. The plants are to as “oeroewa” and to the Oajana indians as “pisoi”. The Wama indians have no from the agriculture; the edible tubers are collected wild plants, see the has Geijskes (1942). It is remarkable that species never been between and reported from the area southern Suriname Ilheos, Bahia, where the and theother material known till collected. type up now were 6. C. mansonis Koern. This species known from Bolivia, Brazil and collected in about French Guiana was Suriname already a century later it collected The Voltz collection ago by Dr Voltz, on was again. Pulle was regarded by (1906) as belonging to C. propinqua (Poepp. et Endl.) Koern.; the two species, indeed, show.a close resemblance. inflorescence C. mansonis is more robust and its is always borne by a but the latter be short. The inflorescence of C. scape, may very The propinqua is always sessile. flowers of C. mansonis are more con- is circ. four spicuously pilose and their corolla tube times as wide as is twice that of C. propinqua. The corolla tube ofC. propinqua more than the in than the as long as petals; C. mansonis it is but slightly longer wider petals. The latter are slightly in C. propinqua. C. propinqua is known also from Amazonian Brazil and French Guiana. We are is known do feel inclined, but before more material not yet entitled, mansonis to consider C. a variety of C. propinqua. C. villosa Lindl., known from Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia, Vene- zuela, Amazonian Brazil and British Guiana, is to be expected in Suriname. MARANTA L. In the Maranta Pulle listed viz. M. genus (1906) two species, arundinacea L. and M. divaricata Roscoe. We are adding two more species: 1. M. orbiculata (Koern.) K. Schum., once collected in Suriname by Rombouts at the Upper Sipaliwini River. Before it had been collected in Brazil only. 2. M. humilis Aubl. This species was collected by J. and P. A. in 1951 between Ebba and Pakka Florschiitz top Pakka, Saramacca 174 A. M. E. JONKER-VERHOEF AND F. P. JONKER River. It was described from French Guiana by Aublet (1775) and, far collected it cited as as we know, not again afterwards, though was by Klotzsch (1848) for British Guiana. The Florschiitz collection, though more robust, is undoubtedly conspecific with the Aublet specimen; the latter was studied by us from the Rousseau herbarium, recently purchased by the Paris herbarium, vid. Lanjouw & Uittien (1940). As this species was unknown to K. Schumann (1902), the last monographer of the family, we wish to state that it belongs to the subgenus Koernickea K. Schum. It shows a close affinity to M. longipes K. but differs the of sheath Schum., by presence a petiole (between and pulvinus), by the shorter peduncle and by the longer petals and staminodes. The number of floral bracts is in M. humilis always four and in M. than longipes more four. MONOPHYLLANTHE K. Schum. The of this M. K. before only species genus, oligophylla Schum., once viz. in French have been collected, by Sagot Guiana, appears to collected three times in Suriname; once by Hulk at the Upper Gran Rio and twice by J. and P. A. Florschiitz, respectively on the Browns- berg and at the Avanavero falls, Kabalebo River. As comparison with our own description in the “Flora ofSuriname” will show, neither the floral characters nor the morphology of the inflorescence were described K. Schumann the author of the correctly by (1902), genus, but the allies still as differences with its are sufficiently marked, we have maintained it. MYROSMA L. f. and HYLAEANTHE Jonk. et Jonk. The of the from Suriname where it type genus Myrosma originated collected structure was by Dalberg. The genus is characterized by the ofthe outer whorl of the androecium, which consists of two staminodes, by its very short corolla tube and by the persistent, coriaceous floral which subtend flower bracts, two or more pairs. Pulle (1909) described a new species from Suriname, Myrosma stated that polystachya Pulle, characterized by its inflorescence. He one of the two outer staminodes was very small or absent. This species till collected in far know was up now not again Suriname; as as we In it has been collected once in French Guiana (Geay 855 [P]). our the investigation of the type material we failed to observe second Moreover observed in outer staminode. we a striking resemblance flower in which the leaf structure, in general habit and in the way sheaths decay into a reticulate mass of fibres, with Myrosma hexantha (Poepp. et Endl.) K. Schum., described by its authors in the genus Thalia, transferred by D. Dietrich (1839) to Maranta and, by K. Schumann (1902) in his monograph of the family, to Myrosma. The K. same holds for Myrosma unilateralis (Poepp. et Endl.) Schum. Both M. hexantha and M. unilateralis, originally described from Peru Poeppig and Endlicher to in Suriname too. by (1838), appear occur NOTES ON THE MARANTACEAE OF SURINAME 175 M. hexantha which is also known from Brazil, was collected at the Corantijne River by Hulk and in the Nassau Range by Lanjouw and Lindeman; M. unilateralis, known before from Peru only, was collected by the Forestry Department along Coppename creek, Lucie River, during the expedition to the Wilhelmina Mountains, 1926. The three have species chartaceous, oblong leaf blades, which are acuminate or the and the base. Their lower surface is apiculate at apex cuneate at light coloured and their margins are in herbarium material involute. Moreover the floral bracts are not coriaceous and the corolla tube is ofthe same as the or shorter, but as in length calyx slightly not, Myrosma , short. very The limits of the and several related generic genus Myrosma genera well defined and are not always often inapplicable, as was pointed also out by Woodson (1942), p. 333. all For these reasons we feel entitled to unite M. polystachya, M. hexantha, M. unilateralis, as well as M. hoffmannii K. Schum. from Costa Rica into We select M. it has a new genus Hylaeanthe. hexantha, as been most often collected, as the type species. Hylaeanthe Jonk. et Jonk., gen. nov. Folia rosulata, petiolo ad 2 ad 6 cm longo instructa; pulvinus mm longus; vagina membranacea ultimo in fibrillos reticulates dissoluta; lamina chartacea, oblonga, subtus pallidior, basi cuneata, in sicco margine involutus. Bractaea herbacea. Paris florum pedunculati 3 vel ultra. Flores pedicellati; corollae tubus sepalis subaequilongus; staminodium exterius 1; staminodium cucullatum appendiculo pendulo obtuso instructum; antheram muni stamen appendiculo petaloideo superante turn; ova- rium imperfecte triloculare; loculus fertilis 1; ovulumbasale solitarium. Typus: Hylaeanthe hexantha (Poepp. et Endl.) Jonk. et Jonk. = Thalia hexantha Endl. Poepp. et = Maranta hexantha (Poepp.