Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to botany • number 104 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1992–2014, Terry W. Henkel Terry W. Henkel, Carol L. Kelloff, Sara N. Alexander, and Vicki A. Funk SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the fol- lowing statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithso- nian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Manuscripts intended for publication in the Contributions Series undergo substantive peer review and eval- uation by SISP’s Editorial Board, as well as evaluation by SISP for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines (available on SISP’s “Author Resources” page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu). For open access, fully searchable PDFs of volumes in the Smithsonian Contributions Series, visit Open SI (http://opensi.si.edu). SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY • NUMBER 104 Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1992–2014, Terry W. Henkel Terry W. Henkel, Carol L. Kelloff, Sara N. Alexander, and Vicki A. Funk WASHINGTON D.C. 2016 ABSTRACT Henkel, Terry W., Carol L. Kelloff, Sara N. Alexander, and Vicki A. Funk. Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1992–2014, Terry W. Henkel. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 104: vi + 206 pages, 23 figures, 8 maps, 4 plates, 1 table, 2016. — Part I provides the collector’s notes on trips with maps in chronological order. Part II lists collection localities, with collection number ranges, habitat descriptions, geographic coordinates, and assisting collectors. Part III lists collections in numerical order with identifica- tions and authors. Part IV lists collections ordered by determined name. Cover images, from left: Kaieteur Falls from the bottom of the gorge; Amauroderma cf. brittonii Murrill (Fomitopsidaceae), the largest polypore fungi seen in Guyana; view of Kukuinang tepui. All photographs in this volume are by Terry W. Henkel, courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution’s Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program, except as noted. Published by SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SCHOLARLY PRESS P.O. Box 37012, MRC 957 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 www.scholarlypress.si.edu Compilation copyright © 2016 Smithsonian Institution The rights to text and images in this publication, including cover and interior designs, are owned either by the Smith- sonian Institution, by contributing authors, or by third parties. Fair use of materials is permitted for personal, educational, or noncommercial purposes. Users must cite author and source of content, must not alter or modify copyrighted content, and must comply with all other terms or restrictions that may be applicable. Users are responsible for securing permission from a rights holder for any other use. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Henkel, Terry W., author. | Kelloff, Carol Lynn, 1954– author. | Alexander, Sara N. (Sara Nazanin), author. | Funk, V. A. (Vicki A.), 1947– author. Title: Smithsonian plant collections, Guyana : 1992–2014, Terry W. Henkel / Terry W. Henkel, Carol L. Kelloff, Sara N. Alexander, and Vicki A. Funk. Other titles: Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 104. Description: Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, [2016] | Series: Smithsonian contributions to botany ; number 104 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015049282 Subjects: LCSH: Botany—Catalogs and collections—Guyana. | Plants—Guyana—Classification. | Plant collecting— Guyana. Classification: LCC QK267 .H46 2016 | DDC 580.74/881—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015049282 ISSN: 1938-2812 (online); 0081-024X (print) Publication date (online): 29 April 2016 c The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48–1992. Contents LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF MAPS vi INTRODUCTION by Vicki A. Funk and Carol L. Kelloff 1 The Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program 1 Why a Resident Botanist? 3 Terry W. Henkel Biosketch 4 Format of Collection Information 5 Acknowledgments 6 Contributors of Identifications 6 Collections of Special Interest 9 References 14 I. EXPEDITION NARRATIVES AND MAPS 17 Trip 1: Upper Mazaruni River and Mount Ayanganna 17 Trip 2: Bartica and Essequibo River 22 Trip 3: Upper Ireng River–Mount Wokomung 22 Trip 4: Essequibo River–Macouria River–Blue Mountain 31 Trip 5: Kaieteur National Park 31 Trip 6: Essequibo River–Berbice Savanna–Soesdyke–Linden Highway–Mahaica Coast 36 Trip 7: Marudi Mountains–Kuyuwini River 36 Trip 8: Mount Wokomung II 42 Trip 9: Essequibo Headwaters and Acarai Mountains 45 Trip 10: Achiknak-Malakwalai Massif, Upper Ireng River 51 Trip 11: Ireng River–Pakaraima Mountains 56 Trip 12: South Rupununi District 58 Post-BDG Trips: Mount Ayanganna 58 Literature Cited for Expedition Reports 58 II. COLLECTION LOCALITIES 59 Trip 1: Upper Mazaruni River and Mount Ayanganna 59 Trip 2: Bartica and Essequibo River 60 Trip 3: Upper Ireng River–Mount Wokomung 61 Trip 4: Essequibo River–Macouria River–Blue Mountain 63 Trip 5: Kaieteur National Park 64 iv • CONTENTS Trip 6: Essequibo River–Berbice Savanna–Soesdyke–Linden Highway–Mahaica Coast 65 Trip 7: Marudi Mountains–Kuyuwini River 65 Trip 8: Mount Wokomung II 67 Trip 9: Essequibo Headwaters–Acarai Mountains 68 Trip 10: Achiknak-Malakwalai Massif, Upper Ireng River 70 Trip 11: Ireng River–Pakaraima Mountains 71 Trip 12: South Rupununi District 72 III. COLLECTIONS BY NUMBER 75 IV. COLLECTIONS BY DETERMINED TAXA 159 PLATES 197 APPENDIX: PUBLICATIONS OF TERRY W. HENKEL 201 INDEX 203 Figures 1. The Guiana Shield 2 2. Terry W. Henkel 4 3. Bruce Hoffman and Helen Kennedy sorting collected specimens 19 4. Mount Ayanganna seen from Chinowieng savanna 20 5. Terry Henkel on highest point of Guyana 21 6. Bruce Hoffman and Akawaio guides, Ayanganna expedition 21 7. View of Kukuinang Tepui 28 8. Cloud forest, Mount Wokomung 29 9. Ando Falls, Sukabi River, upper Ireng watershed 30 10. Kaieteur Falls, from gorge 33 11. A specimen of Navia (Bromeliaceae) 33 12. Mining camps and forest profile, Marudi Mountains 40 13. Terry Henkel with Ficus sp. tree (Moraceae), Marudi Mountains 41 14. Romeo Williams with Aechmea melinonii (Bromeliaceae) and Passiflora sp. 43 15. Valentino Joseph, transport by canoe 43 16. Patamona cooking edible mushrooms known as kapiokwok (Lentinula boryanum) 44 17. Manawanaro, Wai Wai Village, upper Essequibo 46 18. Marifa (Wai Wai) working on curare arrows 46 19. Wai Wai Village from the air, Essequibo River headwaters 47 20. Kaatnang River, tributary of Ireng River, Brazil 51 21. Upper Ireng, north of Orinduik Falls 56 22. Henkel collecting Agave sp., Henkel 5500, upper Ireng 56 23. Rupununi savanna, from air 58 Maps 1. Collecting localities, Trip 1 18 2. Collecting localities, Trips 2 and 4 23 3. Collecting localities, Trip 3 24 4. Collecting localities, Trips 5 and 8 32 5. Collecting localities, Trip 6 37 6. Collecting localities, Trips 7 and 9 38 7. Collecting localities, Trips 10 and 11 52 8. Collecting localities, Trip 12 57 Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1992–2014, Terry W. Henkel Terry W. Henkel,1 Carol L. Kelloff,2* Sara N. Alexander,2 and Vicki A. Funk2 INTRODUCTION Vicki A. Funk and Carol L. Kelloff THE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF THE GUIANA SHIELD PROGRAM The Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield (BDG) is a field-oriented program of the Smithsonian Institution’s (SI) National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). For more than 30 years the goal of the BDG has been to study, document, and preserve the biological diversity of the Guiana Shield (the Shield), which includes Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; the Venezuelan states of Amazonas, Bolívar, and Delta Amacuro; and parts of southern Colombia and far northern Brazil. Data gathering and analyses of diversity are focused on the natural units. The BDG program began in 1983 and spon- sored an active field program from 1985 to the final plant expedition in 2014. Originally confined to the plants of Guyana, it grew to cover all aspects of biodiversity across the Shield. The Shield (Figure 1) is a biologically diverse area defined by a distinct, ancient geological formation that is roughly bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and east; the Orinoco River from the north and west; the Río Negro, a major tributary of the Amazon River, to the