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Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón Medio Perú: 28 No Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón Medio Perú: 28 no. Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón Rapid Biological and Social Inventories THE FIELD MUSEUM INFORME/REPORT NO. 28 Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón Nigel Pitman, Adriana Bravo, Santiago Claramunt, Corine Vriesendorp, Diana Alvira Reyes, Ashwin Ravikumar, Álvaro del Campo, Douglas F. Stotz, Tyana Wachter, Sebastian Heilpern, Benjamín Rodríguez Grández, Ana Rosa Sáenz Rodríguez y/and Richard Chase Smith editores/editors Diciembre/December 2016 Instituciones Participantes/Participating Institutions The Field Museum Instituto del Bien Proyecto Especial Binacional Común (IBC) Desarrollo Integral de la Cuenca del Río Putumayo (PEDICP) Federación de Comunidades Fundación para la Herbario Amazonense de Nativas Fronterizas del Conservación y el Desarrollo la Universidad Nacional de la Putumayo (FECONAFROPU) Sostenible (FCDS) Amazonía Peruana (AMAZ) Museo de Historia Natural de Centro de Ornitología y la Universidad Nacional Mayor Biodiversidad (CORBIDI) de San Marcos (UNMSM) RI28_01-Spanish_d2(10).indd 1 12/8/16 9:25 AM LOS INFORMES DE INVENTARIOS RÁPIDOS SON PUBLICADOS POR/ Cualquiera de las opiniones expresadas en los informes de los Inventarios RAPID INVENTORIES REPORTS ARE PUBLISHED BY: Rápidos son expresamente las de los autores y no reflejan necesariamente las de The Field Museum. / Any opinions expressed in the Rapid Inventories THE FIELD MUSEUM reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Science and Education The Field Museum. 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Esta publicación ha sido financiada en parte por The Gordon and Betty Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA Moore Foundation y The Field Museum./ This publication has been funded in T 312.665.7430, F 312.665.7433 part by The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and The Field Museum. www.fieldmuseum.org Cita sugerida/Suggested citation Editores/Editors Pitman, N., A. Bravo, S. Claramunt, C. Vriesendorp, D. Alvira Reyes, Nigel Pitman, Adriana Bravo, Santiago Claramunt, A. Ravikumar, Á. del Campo, D. F. Stotz, T. Wachter, S. Heilpern, Corine Vriesendorp, Diana Alvira Reyes, Ashwin Ravikumar, B. Rodríguez Grández, A. R. Sáenz Rodríguez y/and R. C. Smith, eds. Álvaro del Campo, Douglas F. Stotz, Tyana Wachter, 2016. Perú: Medio Putumayo-Algodón. Rapid Biological and Social Sebastian Heilpern, Benjamín Rodríguez Grández, Inventories Report 28. The Field Museum, Chicago. Ana Rosa Sáenz Rodríguez y/and Richard Chase Smith Fotos e ilustraciones/Photos and illustrations Diseño/Design Carátula/Cover: Un jaguar en la ribera colombiana del río Putumayo. Costello Communications, Chicago Durante el inventario en febrero de 2016 el equipo social observó a este felino cruzar el río nadando desde el Perú a Colombia. Foto de Mapas y gráficas/Maps and graphics Ana Rosa Sáenz Rodríguez./A jaguar on the Colombian banks of the Mark Johnston, Jonathan Markel, Blanca Sandoval Ibáñez y/and Putumayo River. During the inventory in February 2016 the social José David Urquiza Muñoz team observed this animal swim across the river from Peru to Colombia. Photo by Ana Rosa Sáenz Rodríguez. Traducciones/Translations Adriana Bravo (English-castellano), Santiago Claramunt Carátula interior/Inner cover: Una vista aérea del río Algodón, un (English- castellano), Álvaro del Campo (English-castellano), tributario del río Putumayo que corre casi 700 km por la Amazonía Sebastian Heilpern (castellano-English), Laura Paredes de Chávez peruana. Foto de Álvaro del Campo./An aerial view of the Algodón (castellano/Ocaina), José López Rodríguez (castellano-Murui), River, a nearly 700 km long tributary of the Putumayo River in Mario Pariona (English-castellano), Nigel Pitman (castellano- Amazonian Peru. Photo by Álvaro del Campo. English), Ashwin Ravikumar (castellano-English), Benjamín Rodríguez Grández (castellano/Ocaina), Marcos Sánchez López Láminas a color/Color plates: Figs. 8F–K, 9B–D, 9H–N, P. Álvarez- (castellano-Maijuna), Martha Sánchez López (castellano-Maijuna), Loayza; Figs. 10G, 11D, 11F, D. Alvira Reyes; Fig. 7P, A. A. Barona Ángel Uaqui Dunu Maya (castellano-Murui) y/and Colmenares; Fig. 6O, A. Bravo Ordoñez; Figs. 7A–N, 7Q, 7S–V, Ysabel Yamashaco Vargas de Sánchez (castellano/Ocaina) G. Chávez; Figs. 3C, 3F, 4F, 5M, 7R, 8B–C, 9A, 9E, 10D, Á. del Campo; Figs. 6J–K, 10F, F. Ferreyra Vela; Figs. 6A–H, 6L–N, M. H. Hidalgo; The Field Museum es una institución sin fines de lucro exenta de Figs. 2C, 9F–G, D. J. Lizcano; Figs. 3E, 3H, S. C. Londoño; Figs. 1, 4J, impuestos federales bajo la sección 501(c)(3) del Código Fiscal Interno./ J. A. Markel; Figs. 11B, 11E, 11G–H, M. Pariona; Fig. 4D, N. Pitman; The Field Museum is a non-profit organization exempt from federal Figs. 10A–C, 11A, A. Ravikumar; Fig. 8E, J.-I. Rojas-Moscoso; income tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Fig. 10E, A. R. Sáenz Rodríguez; Fig. 11C, A. Salazar Molano; ISBN NUMBER 978-0-9828419-6-9 Figs. 3A–B, 3D, 3G, 3J, 3L–M, R. F. Stallard; Figs. 4B, 4H, 5A–C, 5F, 5J–L, 5N, 8A, L. A. Torres Montenegro; Figs. 3K, 4C, 4E, 4G, © 2016 por The Field Museum. Todos los derechos reservados./ © 2016 by The Field Museum. All rights reserved. 5D–E, 5G–H, 8D, C. Vriesendorp. Impreso sobre papel reciclado. Printed on recycled paper. RI28_01-Spanish_d2(10).indd 2 12/8/16 9:25 AM Bactris y una especie de tangarana del género Triplaris. que permitan detectar cambios en las coberturas, Este tipo de vegetación exhibe una estructura similar especialmente los cambios causados por actividades a la de los bosques de chamizal de turbera encontrados antrópicas. De igual manera, se recomienda realizar en el río Algodón, pero presentan condiciones de suelo estudios más detallados de las turberas como ecosistemas diferentes, y consecuentemente, diferencias en la especiales, frágiles y con un alto contenido de carbono flora asociada. almacenado. Finalmente, si se continúa con la idea de mantener el área de bosques de producción permanente AMENAZAS (BPP) se recomienda establecer diámetros mínimos y máximos de corte. El primero sirve para proteger los Identificamos cuatro amenazas principales a la individuos juveniles y pre-adultos de las especies mader- vegetación de la cuenca del río Algodón: ables y el segundo para proteger los árboles adultos ■■ La falta de una figura legal de uso de la tierra para el saludables como padrones semilleros que puedan asegurar 60% del área de estudio. la reproducción efectiva de estas especies. ■■ La figura de Bosques de Producción Permanente en el 40% restante del área de estudio. Esta designación de uso consideramos una amenaza, ya que se trata de FLORA bosques que en su mayoría crecen sobre suelos pobres Autores: Marcos Antonio Ríos Paredes, Luis A. Torres-Montenegro, y muy pobres de las formaciones Nauta superior y Andrés A. Barona-Colmenares, Corine Vriesendorp y Nigel Pitman Nauta inferior. Esto se traduce en bosques de baja aptitud forestal que requieren de un largo periodo Objetos de conservación: Una comunidad de plantas leñosas hiperdiversa y heterogénea dentro de una zona que posee la mayor para recuperarse de impactos. Consta como evidencia diversidad vegetal en la tierra; plantas especialistas en turberas con de esto la única concesión forestal en el área (Pacheco una distribución muy restringida e irregular dentro de la Amazonía et al. 2006), la cual fue devuelta al SERFOR en occidental; 55 especies consideradas amenazadas a nivel mundial, 2016 sin haber producido madera por la falta del en el Perú, o en los Apéndices CITES; siete especies actualmente recurso forestal. conocidas sólo para Loreto; más de 100 especies de plantas usadas por la población local para su alimentación, medicina, ■■ La construcción de la carretera Iquitos-El Estrecho materiales de construcción y otros usos y la deforestación asociada, no solo durante la construcción, sino a mediano y largo plazo. INTRODUCCIÓN ■■ El cambio climático. Esto es una amenaza latente, Ignorados por los botánicos durante el siglo XX, los ya que altera los ciclos reproductivos de las especies bosques de la cuenca del Putumayo en el Perú han arbóreas y herbáceas, lo cual tiene un efecto directo recibido bastante atención en el siglo XXI. Entre 2003 y sobre la capacidad de recuperación de los bosques. 2012, 12 diferentes botánicos han estudiado la flora en En términos de los stocks de carbono, se considera que al menos 11 localidades en la cuenca, desde el extremo las turberas almacenan una cantidad significativa de más occidental (Güeppí) hasta el más oriental (Yaguas) materia orgánica y en el momento no cuentan con un de esta región de 4.6 millones de ha (ver la Fig. 12). estatus de protección legal. Ese trabajo ha generado 2,000 especímenes de herbario, cientos de fotos de plantas vivas, dos guías RECOMENDACIONES PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN fotográficas de campo (Foster y Huamantupa 2010, Se requieren estudios más detallados de los bosques Foster et al. 2010) y más de 400 páginas de reportes y de la cuenca del río Algodón, por ejemplo por medio listados de especies (Vriesendorp et al. 2004, 2008, del establecimiento de parcelas permanentes para el Pacheco et al. 2006, García-Villacorta et al. 2010, 2011, monitoreo a largo plazo del crecimiento y fenología de Dávila et al. 2013). Cuando se combina estos listados de las especies. Esto puede ir asociado al monitoreo de las especies con el pequeño número de colecciones hechas en coberturas boscosas por medio de imágenes satelitales el lado peruano del Putumayo en el siglo anterior, la PERÚ: MEDIO PUTUMAYO-ALGODÓN DICIEMBRE/DECEMBER 2016 101 RI28_01-Spanish_d2(10).indd 101 12/8/16 9:25 AM flora preliminar para la región incluye un total de generan predicciones sobre la comunidad de plantas en 1,687 nombres válidos de especies de plantas vasculares áreas pobremente conocidas de la Amazonía. (F i g. 1 6 ). Información adicional de la flora regional es Para el inventario rápido del Medio Putumayo- prevista en la descripción de los tipos de vegetación en Algodón, nos enfocamos en dos tributarios del el capítulo anterior de este volumen, Vegetación.
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