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Four New Species of Maranta L. (Marantaceae) from Brazil

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Four New Species of Maranta L. (Marantaceae) from Brazil Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158, 131–139. With 4 figures Four new species of Maranta L. (Marantaceae) from Brazil SILVANA VIEIRA1* and VINICIUS C. SOUZA2 1Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461, 055422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Laboratório de Sistemática, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Caixa Postal 9, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil Received 1 May 2007; accepted for publication 2 January 2008 Maranta is a neotropical genus, species of which are found in moist and shaded habitats in forests and in the cerrado. During the preparation of Maranta’s monograph for the Flora Neotropica, four new species were discovered and are now described: Maranta longiflora S.Vieira & V.C.Souza, Maranta coriacea S.Vieira & V.C.Souza, Maranta pulchra S.Vieira & V.C.Souza and Maranta purpurea S.Vieira & V.C.Souza. These species are found in dry habitats, frequently near watercourses or occasionally in humid and shaded places. Two, M. pulchra and M. purpurea, seem to be endemic to the state of Mato Grosso. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158, 131–139. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Cerrado – Mato Grosso – taxonomy. INTRODUCTION of Maranta L., Ctenanthe Eichler and Calathea, which are used as ornamentals in various regions of Although Marantaceae is a pantropically distributed the world (Kirchoff, 1983). family, the majority of species (80%) occurs in the Maranta is an exclusively neotropical genus with neotropical region, compared with 11% in Asia and c. 34 species distributed across Central and South 9% in Africa (Hammel, 1986). The family currently America, but with most of the species concentrated in comprises c. 530 species and 31 genera, of which the Brazilian Atlantic and Amazonian forests and in Calathea G.Mey. is the largest and most widely dis- ‘Brazilian savannas’ or cerrados. tributed (Kennedy, 1977; Andersson, 1986; Kennedy, According to the informal grouping of the genera 1997, 2000). of Marantaceae of Andersson (1988), Maranta was Representatives of this family are found in a included in the Maranta Group, together with two variety of habitats, from gallery forests to semi- other neotropical genera (Koernickanthe L.Andersson deciduous, cloud and rain forests, at altitudes up to and Monophyllanthe K. Schum.) plus the Paleotropi- 1500 m, rarely more (Kennedy, 1977; Hammel, l986; cal genera Afrocalathea K. Schum. and Marantochloa Kennedy, 1997). Brogn. ex Gris. This family includes plants that have importance However, in the phylogenetic study of Andersson & as food for local populations, such as Maranta arun- Chase (2001), the Maranta Group was polyphyletic. dinacea L., rhizomes of which are used to produce The results show that the neotropical members of ‘araruta’ flour, commonly used as food in different the Maranta Group are most closely related to the regions of the world, especially in Central America, as components of the exclusively neotropical Myrosma well as economic importance, such as several species Group, which is composed of the genera Ctenanthe, Hylaeanthe A.M.Jonker & Jonker, Myrosma L.f., *Corresponding author. Saranthe (Regel & Koern.) Eichler and Stromanthe E-mail: [email protected] Sonder. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158, 131–139 131 132 S. VIEIRA and V. C. SOUZA In this same study, the genus Maranta was not Diagnosis: Marantae phrynioidi Koern. affinis bracteis supported as monophyletic. The clade comprising inflorescentiarum obovatis, distichis et coriaceis, flori- most of the samples of Maranta also included the bus albis et sepalis angustissimis, sed laminis coria- genera Hylaeanthe and Koernickanthe. Based on ceis, manifeste nervatis, et staminodiis callosis, callos these results, the authors suggested that Maranta,in laterales duos prominentes lobatos ferentibus, differt. its present circumscription, is polyphyletic and that the best solution is to enlarge the circumscription of Diagnostic characters: Maranta coriacea resembles the genus, instead of to subdivide it. M. phrynioides Koern., having inflorescences with The last complete treatment of this genus was the obovate, distichous and leathery bracts, white flowers work of Schumann (1902), who subdivided the genus and very narrow sepals; however, it differs from that into the four subgenera currently accepted. As their species in its leathery leaf blades with marked veins circumscriptions are based on few characters that are and in its callose staminodes, which possess two very variable, these subgenera are clearly question- prominent lobed lateral calli. able. After Schumann’s monograph, no attempt has been made to revise the whole genus, except for Description: Caulescent plants 40–50 cm tall; rhi- treatments in some local floras, where authors zomes without any specialization. Leaves homotropic; merged most of the material into one single species, leaf sheath glabrous, 10–12 cm long with prominent Maranta arundinacea L. (Standley, 1937; Woodson & extension 2–3 mm long; petiole proper 0.3–0.5 (–3) cm Schery, 1945) or divided it into two species, M. arun- long, in general absent in basal leaves, glabrous, dinacea and M. divaricata Roscoe (Standley & Stey- pulvinus hirsute just on the adaxial face, the rest ermark, 1952, Jonker-Verhoef & Jonker, 1957). glabrous, 2–4 mm long; leaf blade oblong, leathery, More recently Andersson (1986) published a taxo- with prominent veins on abaxial face, glabrous, nomic revision of Maranta subgenus. Maranta, which 8–12 ¥ 2.5–4 cm, apex acute, base rounded or acute. was established by Schumann (1902). In his work, Inflorescence an axillary synflorescence, with 1–4 Andersson proposed a new circumscription for this florescences; florescence with 5–6 distichous bracts, taxon, described eight new species and proposed the which are lax, obovate, leathery, glabrous, usually exclusion of two species (Maranta cordata Koern. and tearing during anthesis, 2.3 ¥ 0.8 cm, with acute Maranta foliosa Koern.). apex; florescence component of 1–3 cymules, cymule During the preparation of a monograph of Maranta peduncle 3–4 mm long, pedicels 0.5–1 and 1–1.5 mm for Flora Neotropica, which is in preparation, and is long respectively. Flowers white, c. 2.2 cm long; sepals being undertaken as part of the PhD thesis of the first narrowly elliptic to linear, conspicuous veins, gla- author (SV), four new species were discovered and are brous, c.9¥ 2 mm, acute at apex; corolla tube gla- described in this work. In addition to descriptions of brous, straight, 1.5 cm long; corolla lobes elliptic, the four new species, illustrations are also presented. weakly cucullate, c.9¥ 3 mm, with apex acute; two outer staminodes, unequal, the major obovate with apex rounded, c.4 3 mm, the minor elliptic with MATERIAL AND METHODS ¥ apex rounded, c.3¥ 2 mm; callose staminode mem- The data presented in this work are based on biblio- branous, c.5¥ 3 mm, with two prominent and lobed graphic and morphological studies, the latter study calli and apex irregular; cucullate staminode 5 mm being of both populations in their natural habitat and long, with one distal appendix, which is c. 1 mm long, of specimens in the following herbaria: B, BM, C, lobed and deflexed; fertile stamen c. 1.5 mm long, CEN, CEPEC, CESJ, COR, E, ESA, FLOR, HBR, with one diminutive wing adnate to filament; style c. HRB, HRBN, HTINS, HUFU, IAC, IAN, IBGE, ICN, 3 mm long, stigma with a prominent membranous INPA, G, GB, GUA, K, MAC, MBM, MBML, MG, NY, projection; ovary c. 1 mm, densely sericeous. P, PACA, PEL, R, RB, SP, SPF, SPSF, U, UB, UEC, UFG, VIC, W, WU. Specimens examined: BRAZIL. Goiás: Uruaçú, Rio The terminology used in the description is based on Maranhão, 14.i.1972 (fl), Rizzo, J.A. & Barbosa, A. Schumann (1902) and Andersson (1976). 7427 (UFG). Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, 28.i.1986 (fl), Andersson, L. & Hagberg, M. 1601 (UB); ′ ′ SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS 15°30 S, 55°28 W, 21.iii.1978 (fl), Sillman, M.S. 115 (RB); Cuiabá, 11.ii.1975 (fl), Hatschbach, G. et al. 1. MARANTA CORIACEA S.VIEIRA & V.C.SOUZA, 36036 (MBM, NY); 12.ii.1974 (fl), Hatschbach, G. SP. NOV. 34070 (MBM); Dom Aquino, 13.xi.1975 (fl), Hatsch- Type: Brazil. Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães, bach, G. 37465 (MBM); 27.i.1986 (fl), Andersson, L. & 15°3′1.1′S, 55°4′51.2′W, 14.i.2004 (fl), Vieira, S. et al. Hagberg, M. 1596 (UB); Poxoréu, 27.i.1986 (fl), Ander- 153 (holotype: ESA). (Fig. 1) sson, L. & Hagberg, M. 1593 (UB). Tocantins: Pium, © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158, 131–139 FOUR NEW SPECIES OF MARANTA L. FROM BRAZIL 133 Figure 1. Maranta coriacea S.Vieira & V.C.Souza sp. nov. A, habit. B, flower. C, sepal. D, corolla lobe. E–F, outer staminodes. G, callose staminode. H, cucullate staminode. I, fertile stamen. J, style and stigma (Vieira et al. 153). Barreira da Cruz, 9.xii.1973 (fl), Rizzo, J.A. 9474 ments, such as riverbanks, and near waterfalls or in (CESJ). the cerrado, as well as in drier habitats that are seasonally subject to flooding. This species occurs in Distribution and habitat: Maranta coriacea is distrib- small populations consisting of few individuals origi- uted throughout the states of Mato Grosso, Goiás and nated from sprouts emerging from the rhizome, a Tocantins, where it can be found in humid environ- common form of reproduction in this genus. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158, 131–139 134 S. VIEIRA and V. C. SOUZA Comments: This species resembles M. phrynioides in blades weakly coriaceous to coriaceous, but these are the form, consistency and disposition of the bracts, as not fibrous and the veins are never strongly marked well as the colour of the flowers and the form of the as are the leaf blades of M.
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