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Report: Tender ENV.B.3/SER/2016/0028

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Report: Tender ENV.B.3/SER/2016/0028 Report: Tender ENV.B.3/SER/2016/0028 Mitigating a new infectious disease in salamanders to counteract the loss of European biodiversity Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases (Prof. dr. A. Martel and Prof. dr. F. Pasmans) Repile, Amphibian and Fish Conservation the Netherlands (RAVON) (dr. A.M. Spitzen-van der Sluijs, dr. M.J. Gilbert) Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientifica (CSIC) (dr. J. Bosch) Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive ((UMR 5175 CEFE and PSL-EPHE) (Prof. dr. C. Miaud) University of Genova (UNIGE) (Prof. dr. S. Salvidio, Prof. dr. E. Grasselli) Trier University (Prof. dr. S. Lötters, Prof. dr. M. Veith) Zoological Society of London (ZSL) (Prof. dr. A. Cunningham) Natagora (A. Laudelout, T. Kinet) Report: Tender ENV.B.3/SER/2016/0028 Mitigating a new infectious disease in salamanders to counteract the loss of European biodiversity Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases (Prof. dr. A. Martel and Prof. dr. F. Pasmans) Repile, Amphibian and Fish Conservation the Netherlands (RAVON) (dr. A.M. Spitzen-van der Sluijs, dr. M.J. Gilbert) Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientifica (CSIC) (dr. J. Bosch) Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive ((UMR 5175 CEFE and PSL-EPHE) (Prof. dr. C. Miaud) University of Genova (UNIGE) (Prof. dr. S. Salvidio, Prof. dr. E. Grasselli) Trier University (Prof. dr. S. Lötters, Prof. dr. M. Veith) Zoological Society of London (ZSL) (Prof. dr. A. Cunningham) Natagora (A. Laudelout, T. Kinet) Table of Content Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 1 Background .............................................................................................................................................. 3 General objectives ................................................................................................................................... 5 Specific tasks ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Task 1: Delineating the current range of Bsal in Europe ..................................................................... 7 Task 2: Setting up a European Early Warning System (EWS) ............................................................ 19 Set-up of an EU Bsal central diagnostic lab ................................................................................... 19 Set-up of an EU network of diagnostic centers capable of diagnosing the disease using qPCR diagnostics ..................................................................................................................................... 20 Establishment of a network of regional hotlines .......................................................................... 21 Set-up of a European network of stakeholders in the most relevant EU Member States, involved in the monitoring of salamander populations ............................................................................... 22 Task 3: Development of a Bsal action plan ....................................................................................... 23 Action plan ..................................................................................................................................... 23 Prioritisation of species ................................................................................................................. 23 Development of general and species specific protocols ............................................................... 24 Task 4: Proof of concept for long term and sustainable mitigation .................................................. 27 Task 5: Presentation of the project results ....................................................................................... 33 Project website .............................................................................................................................. 33 Project meetings ............................................................................................................................ 34 Conclusion and recommendations ........................................................................................................ 37 References ............................................................................................................................................. 39 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................. 43 Annex 1: Localities sampled to delineate the current range of Bsal in Europe ................................ 43 Belgium .......................................................................................................................................... 43 France ............................................................................................................................................ 44 Germany ........................................................................................................................................ 45 Extra active surveillance data per country partner ....................................................................... 47 Annex 2: List of Bsal diagnostic labs recognized to perform Bsal qPCR in Europe ........................... 51 Annex 3: Bsal Hotline details ............................................................................................................. 55 Annex 4: Detailed information of the passive surveillance results in the context of the early warning system.................................................................................................................................. 57 Annex 5: List of responsive stakeholders .......................................................................................... 67 Annex 6: Public Awareness Activities from each project partner ..................................................... 71 Media attention ............................................................................................................................. 83 Scientific publications .................................................................................................................... 89 Informative Leaflets ....................................................................................................................... 94 Educational videos ....................................................................................................................... 111 Papers and poster on the Bsal project ........................................................................................ 114 Annex 7: Bsal Action Plan ................................................................................................................ 117 Colophon ..................................................................................................................................... 118 Reading guide .............................................................................................................................. 122 Executive summary...................................................................................................................... 123 Technical summary ...................................................................................................................... 133 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 140 2 Species and subspecies-specific Bsal risk assessment ......................................................... 145 3 Current legislative regulations............................................................................................. 154 4 General Action Plan ............................................................................................................. 156 5 Species-specific protocols ................................................................................................... 172 References ................................................................................................................................... 271 Appendices .................................................................................................................................. 276 Annex 8. Overview of potential sustainable mitigation measures ................................................. 289 Mitigating Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in Europe ........................................................ 289 Annex 9: Proof of concept that the application of this measure protects a salamander community in an experimental setup. ................................................................................................................ 325 Disruption of skin microbiota contributes to salamander disease ............................................. 325 Annex 10: Proof of concept that the application of this measure protects a salamander community in an experimental setup ................................................................................................................. 345 Integral chain management of wildlife diseases ......................................................................... 345 Executive summary The recent incursion of the chytrid fungus
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