CHAPTER EIGHT CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1. Hypotheses One, Two and Three 8.1.1. Hypothesis One: Negative Impact 8.1.2. Negative Physical Impact: 7 statements

8.2. Hypothesis One : Positive Impact 8.2.1. Positive Physical Impact: 4 statements 8.2.a Hypothesis One Validated

8.3. Hypothesis Two : Negative Impact 8.3.1. Negative Social Impact: 9 statements

8.4. Hypothesis Two - Positive Impact 8.4.1. Positive social impact: 9 statements 8.4.a. Hypothesis Two Validated

8.5. Hypothesis Three : Negative Impact 8.5.1. Negative Economic Impact: 3 statements

8.6 Hypothesis Tliree ; Positive Impact 8.6.1. Positive Economic Impact: 10 statements 8.6.a Hypothesis Three : Validated

8.7. Recommendations

8.8. Suggestions

8.9. The Impact of Tourism on Social, Physical and Economic life

8.10. Epilogue

391 CHAPTER EIGHT CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The characteristic features of the thirty-five foreign tourists and seventy domestic tourists have been presented and in both the categories, the satisfaction index is positively indicated. The tourists of both the categories have expressed satisfaction about the climate in Lonavla, the beauty of the tourist destinations and the facilities in health resorts. The road conditions, the interrupted electric supply, the inadequate water supply and the lack of certain infrastructural facilities are the factors that have the negative impact on the tourism improvement in Lonavia. The economy of Lonavia is presented through the responses of the various types of businessmen in Lonavia. Similarly, the two major industries of Lonavia which are the Hotel industry and the chikki industry have responded to the questionnaires related to the tourism in Lonavia. Most of the businessmen have shown how the hawkers and the shopkeepers of this hill-station have contributed to the development of tourism in Lonavia. The growth of industries in Lonavia is noticed in the profiles of the two industries related to the accommodation and food and beverages sectors in the economy of the tourist spot like Lonavia. The residents of Lonavia have been questioned on different aspects of the life in Lonavia. The responses of the sixty residents of Lonavia are significant as their opinions on the forty-two statements on the aspects of life in Lonavia in respect of the physical, social md economic fronts. The sixty residents that present the cross-section of the social set-up in the hill-station have indicated their agreement or disagreement with the statements made. These responses can very well be used to validate the three hypotheses posited in the present study.

8.1, Hypotheses One, Two and three: The three hypotheses haven been posited in Chapter One in section 1.7 and these indicate the impact on the physical, social and economic life of Lonavia of the tourism development in recent years- in particular from 1995 to 2005 specifically, For the sake of convenience the hypotheses are reproduced below:

392 Hypothesis One: ^*The tourism industry in Lonavla has made an impact on the physical aspects of the town on people engaged in tourism sector, Hypothesis Two: ^‘‘The tourism in Lonavla has made an impact on the social life in Lonavla. ” Hypothesis 'I’hree: ^‘The tourism has made an impact on the economic development in Lonavla.

8,1.1) Hypothesis One ; Negative Impact; The sixty residents of Lonavla that include ladies, policemen, teachers, students, retired persons and others have candidly expressed their responses to the fort>'-two statements made in the ‘B’ ‘C’ ‘D’ components of the Questionnaire. The ‘B’ component consists of eleven statements about the physical impact of tourism on life in Lonavla. There are seven statements which have pointed out the fact that the tourism development has negative impact on many aspects of life in Lonavla. The first statement is in the interrogative format: Do you think that Lonavla is overcrowded and congested? The responses are recorded on a seven-point scale of disagreement and agreement. Here, the agreement scale is indicated by three points which are numbered five, six and seven, The agreement with the statement is indicated by point number 5 and moderately in agreement by point six and strongly in agreement by seventh point. The neutrality is indicated by number four. The first three points indicate strongly in disagreement by number two and disagreement by number three. The first statement is not accepted by just thirteen residents of Lonavla. One resident each is the respondent who disagrees with the statement strongly and moderately. In addition to these two respondents, there are eleven respondents who disagree with the statement. One respondent is undecided about the response whether in agreement or disagreement. In all there are fourteen respondents who do not agree with the statement. The remaining forty-six respondents (36 in agreement, 05 moderately in agreement and 05, strong in agreement) have agreed with the statement. They accept the fact that the hill-station Lonavla has become overcrowded and congested. After 1980, the crowds have started arriving in large flocks and groups during the rainy season. The population of Lonavla which is of fifty

393 thousand persons is increased three to four times bringing it to the level of 1,50,000 to 2,00,000 individuals. The streets of Lonavla are narrow and therefore overcrowding, traffic jams and congestions are experienced particularly on the weekends. The responses are thirteen in disagreement, one neutral and forty-six are in agreement. More than 75% of the respondents have accepted the fact that Lonavla has become overcrowded and congested with the aiTival of tourists during all the seasons such as leisure and pleasure tourism in summer, the enjoyment of rainy showers during monsoon and salubrious climate in winter. The tourist destinations get congested on account of the onset of a large number of tourists and overcrowding is experienced in particular at places like the Bhushi dam.

8.1.2) The second statement brings out the fact that “There is increase in noise and air pollution in Lonavla”. Those who disagree with the statement regarding increase in the pollution in Lonavla are six respondents of which one respondent strongly disagrees and one more respondent moderately disagrees and four respondents disagree with the statement. In all ten percent respondents do not agree that there is increase in noise pollution and air pollution in Lonavla. Six or ten percent of residents in Lonavla have responded to the statement by expressing their neutrality and have indicated their inability in favour of or against the statement. The remaining fort)^-eight percent of respondents or 80% of the respondent residents of Lonavla do not agree with the point made in connection with the physical condition in Lonavla. They agree with the statement that noise and air pollution has increased in Lonavla. The overcrowding of tourists during the summer and the rainy season has caused a lot of pollution. More and more crowds are flocking to Lonavla and bring with them all types of heavy vehicles that increase air pollution due to the carbon effusions in the cool atmosphere of Lonavla. The negative indications are just 10%, the neutral position is adopted by 10% but the truth of pollution that has made a negative impact on the physical conditions in Lonavla is accepted by 80% of the respondents who are the residents of Lonavla.

8.1.3) The third statement which brings out the negative impact on the physical conditions in Lonavla is the fifth statement in the ‘B’ component of the questionnaire.

394 The fifth statement is “increase in tourism affects in proper public utilities services”. There is more stress and strain on the public utilities services when the tourists come in large numbers to Lonavla in summer as well as the rainy season. There is limit to the public utilities services in the sectors like the accommodation, transport, food and beverages and others and the influx of tourist on certain'occasions makes it impossible to cater to the needs of the tourists. No services can be adequate to meet the demands of the situations at such times as the hill-station which has a population of fifty thousand is required to look after the convenience of two hundred to two hundred fifty thousand tourists on certain days of the year in particular during the months of monsoon. The disagreement to this statement is indicated by fourteen respondents of which one respondent is in strong disagreement and two in moderate disagreement and eleven respondents have expressed disagreement. The neutral stand is taken by one respondent. The remaining forty five respondents-75%- have agreed with the statement, of these fort}' -five, twenty-eight respondents agreed, five respondents moderately agree and twelve respondent residents of Lonavla have strongly agreed with the statement. The public utilities services are found to be improper and inadequate to cope with the large number of tourists to Lonavla.

8.L4) The fourth statement about the negative impact on the physical conditions, in Lonavla is the sixth statement of the ‘B’ component of the questiomiaire. It is in the format of a question: “Do you think the road conditions are becoming bad to worst?” Those who disagree with the statement are just four respondents of which only one respondent is in strong disagreement and the remaining three respondents have disagreed. The neutral tone is expressed by a single respondent. The remaining respondents have agreed with the statement. Those who strongly agree are twenty- six while seven respondents moderately agree with the statement. There are twenty-four respondents who agree with the statement. The fact that more than 90% of the respondents residents have stated that the road conditions are getting worst indicates the alarming state of conditions related to one of the basic infrastructural facilities needed for the development of tourism at a hill-station like Lonavla. Most of the foreign tourists and domestic tourists as well have expressed dissatisfaction over the road

395 conditions and the failure to supply uninterrupted power supply. In particular the roads leading to the tourist destinations like the Bhushi dam, the Rajmachi point and the Tungarli lake are in shambles and the tour operators as well as the rickshaw drivers have complained about the conditions of these roads. The development and improvement of roads, power supply, transport and communication facilities and water supply need to be urgently taken up on the priority basis. It is an obligatory provision that needs to be made specifically about the roads in and around Lonavla.

8.1.5) The fifth statement about the negative impact on the physical conditions in Lonavla is the seventh statement in the ‘B’ component of the questionnaire. The statement is “Slums have developed in number”. There are fifty respondent residents who agree with this statement. Of these fifty respondents, twenty-six agree, four respondents moderately agree and twenty respondent residents strongly agree with the fact that slums in Lonavla are growing both in size and number. There are hardly six respondents of which only one strongly disagrees while five others disagree with statement. This ?hows that about 90% of the resident respondents think that slums in Lonavla are increasing. This is negative factor as the hill- station will be fast becoming polluted, dirtier and unseemly. Those who are neutral are four respondents. The slums prove to be, a nuisance for the tourist development in Lonavla and must be curbed without further delay. The beauty of nature needs to be preserved at all costs in Lonavla.

8.1.6) The eighth statement in the ‘B’ component is a question:” Do you think tourist spots are getting dirtier?” This is the sixth of the seven statements in this component which indicate the negative impact of tourism on the physical conditions in Lonavla. This question is answered by more than 93% of the respondent residents by agreeing with the said statement. Only four respondents do not agree, of which one strongly disagrees and three disagree with the statement. There is no respondent who has maintained neutrality. The remaining fifty-six respondent residents have agreed with the statement that the tourist spots are getting dirtier. Thirty- five respondents agree, nine respondents moderately agree and twelve respondent residents strongly agree with the statement. The tourist spots should be clean but they are getting dirtier. The dams and

396 water bodies are getting more and more polluted. The beautiful sights of nature are often defiled. For the sake of the tourism in Lonavla, this must be stopped. The intake of tourists ought to be regulated, controlled and disciplined. “Eat, drink and be merry” Visitors need not be encouraged. Heaps of garbage, plastic litter, empty cans and twisted bottles are left to make the spots unclean. This trend needs to be uprooted forthwith without any laxity in the matter.

8.1.7) The seventh statement about the impact on the physical condition of Lonavla is the eleventh statement of the “B” component of the questionnaire. The statement is, “There is acute need of parking of vehicles is a problem in the monsoon season”. Only five respondents disagree with the statement. Of these two respondents strongly disagree and three are in disagreement. There are three neutral respondents. Of the remaining fifty-two respondents, twenty-four agree, three moderately agree and twenty- five respondent residents strongly agree with the fact that there is acute need for parking facilities in Lonavla. These seven statements bring out the negative impact of tourism on physical conditions in Lonavla in respect of( 1 )overcrowding and congestion (2) noise and air pollution (3)improper multi-utility services (4)worst road conditions (5) growing slums (6)dirtier tourist spots and (7) need for parking lots. The basic infrastructural facilities like road conditions, maintenance of tourist spots, sufficient parking lots and proper public utility services need to be provided by the authorities concerned. Similarly overcrowding, pollution and growing slums ought to be put under control and strict measures need to be adopted to ensure the removal of these evils. The overall picture emerges as shown below.

397 Table 8.1: Negative Impact on Physical Life in Lonavla,

Sr. no Item Disagreement Neutrality Agreem ent

1 Overcrowding 13-22.5% 01- 1.5% 46- 76.5%

2 Pollution 06- 10% 06- 10% 48- 80%

3 Improper public utilities 14- 23.5 % 01- 1.5% 45- 75%

4 Worst roads 04- 6.5% 01- 1.5% 55-92%

5 Growing slums 06 - 10% 04- 6.5% 50- 83.5 %

6 Dirtier tourist spots 04- 6.5% 0 56- 93.5%

7 Inadequate parking 05- 08% 03- 05% 52- 84%

TOTAL 52- 12.5% 16- 3.5% 352- 84%

Negative Impact On Ptiysical Life in Lonavla

100 .00 %

90.00% 80 00% 1 7000% h ------60.00%

50,00% ■ Disagree ■ Neutral 40 00% □ Agree 30.00%

20.00%

10 00 % P 0 .00 % Oercrowding Pollution Impproper V\toret Roads Growing Dirtier Tourist Inadequate Public Utility Slums Spots Parking

Graph 8.1: Negative Impact on Physical Life in Lonavla.

This shows that about 85 per cent of the respondent residents have accepted that Lonavla on account of the impact of tourism is getting congested , crowded, polluted, dirtier and has more slums growing, parking becomes problematic and road turning bad to worst. The infrastructural facilities are inadequate and not upto the mark. The impact of tourism in Lonavla is thus noticed to be negative in respect of these seven features of the physical conditions in Lonavla.

398 8.2 Hypothesis One : Positive Impact 8.2.1) There are four statements out of the total eleven statements in the “B” component of the questionnaire which are positive about the physical conditions in Lonavla. The first such positive statement is the third statement in the “B” component which is in the form of question: Is the garbage system in Lonavla satisfactory? The responses are almost equal in for and also against the statement. The responses in disagreetneiW are strongly disagree eight and those who disagree are twenty. The total responses in disagreement are twenty-eight. Those who agree are twenty-nine of which twenty-one agree, two agree moderately and six agree strongly. There are three neutral responses. These twenty-nine respondents think that the garbage system is satisfactory but, there are those twenty-eight respondent respondents who think that the garbage system in Lonavla is unsatisfactory. The Lonavla Municipal Council has employed several men and women in the garbage disposal section and these workers in the health and sanitation department are working with due sincerity. Even then the problem of waste and garbage is constant in Lonavla. Tourists come and depart, leaving behind garbage, left-over food, plastic containers and waste material in a very large quantity. Keeping the hill-station clean is a perennial problem and it is physically impossible to get rid of the garbage dumped here. It is gratifying to note that almost 50% resident respondents have reposed their faith in the efficiency of the Lonavla Municipal Council and its staff. The traditional mark of cleanliness of the Lonavla atmosphere is highlighted by the respondent residents and that is a positive feature of the physical condition in Lonavla.

8.2.2) The next positive statement is the second positive statement which of the fourth statement in the serial order of the “B” component of the questionnaire. It is also in the form of a question: Is the water-supply regular and adequate?” The negative responses in disagreement are nineteen-of which three strongly disagree, three moderately and thirteen disagree. There is only one neutral response. The remaining forty responses are in agreement with the statement that the water supply is regular and adequate. The break-up of these forty positive responses is twenty-nine agree, seven moderately agree and four respondent residents strongly agree. The population profile of Lonavla is steadily on the rise. There were about twenty-seven thousand residents in Lonavla when the Lonavla Municipal Council celebrated the centenary year some thirty years ago.

399 During the last thirty years the population has almost doubled and it is in the range of fifty-five thousand residents in the hill-station township of Lonavla. It is reported that there are fourteen overhead water-tanks within the Municipal limits of Lonavla. There are some of the localities in Lonavla which are on raised grounds and hilly places. The area is of more than fifteen kilometers in length. It is necessary to supply clean drinking water to the entire resident population of about fifty five thousand people. The floating population of the tourists increases the number to three and even four times of the local population and two to three lakh tourists visit the place and the problem is how to supply water adequate to all these persons. The area gets heavy rainfall in the monsoon season but all this water flows down except what is stored in the lakes. It is ironical that this location of vast water-bodies needs water during summer. The tanker lobby supplies water to the hotels and resorts in the tourist seasons. In spite of these discrepancies in the water supply, there are about 66% resident respondents from Lonavla who have expressed the view that the water-supply in Lonavla is regular and adequate. This is a positive feature of the physical conditions in Lonavla.

8,2.3) The next positive statement is the third positive statement which is the ninth statement in the ‘B ’ component of the Questionnaire. The statement is: ‘Infrastructural facilities are modernized’. Those who have disagreed with the statement are fifteen respondents- two strongly disagree, four moderately disagree and nine respondent residents disagree. There are two respondents who are neutral. The remaining forty- three respondent residents of Lonavla agree with the statement of which six respondents strongly agree and sixteen moderately agree and twenty-one resident respondents agree with the fact that there has been a steady modernization of the infrastructural facilities in Lonavla. There are about 72% of the residents who feel that the infrastructural facilities in Lonavla have both increased and improved. The fast track E-way and the four-lane NH4 have provided the physical connectivity to Lonavla from abroad and from all the locations in the country. The communication links are available for all types of communication. The other infrastructural facilities like transport, accommodation, and access to tourist destinations have also developed during the last few decades; starred hotels have been established to cater to the needs of the corporate

400 clients. The modernization of infrastructure is a positive feature in the physical conditions of Lonavla.

82 A) The fourth positive statement is the tenth statement of the ‘B’ component of the Questionnaire. The statement states that there is a boost in the number of hotels and shops in Lonavla. There are no neutral responses. Three responses are in disagreement of v^hich one strongly disagrees and two disagree. The positive responses in agreement are fifty-seven. Thirty two respondents agree, nineteen moderately agree and six respondent residents agree with the statement. It is true that the number of hotels as well as shops has gone up during the last few decades. The growth is marked after 1980 but it is highly rapid from 1995 onwards. Though the number of hotels and shops is multiplied many times, both the factors of accommodation and shopping prove to be inadequate when lakhs of tourists visit the spot on a single day. The accommodation and shopping facilities are increasing is a positive feature in the physical conditions of Lonavla.

8o2 (a) Hypothesis One : Validated 8,2.(a) The four positive statements-statement numbering three, four, nine and ten bring out the fact that the accommodation, the shopping, the transport, communication, highways, and other infrastructural facilities have increased tremendously, have also modernized and have expanded rapidly. The seven negative statements are about the bad roads, pollution, overcrowding, improper public utilities, dirtier spots, growing slums. The break-up of the positive responses to the four positive statements is given below:

401 Table 8.2 Positive Impact on Physical life in Lonavla:

Sr. No. Item Disagreement Neutrality Agreements 1 Sanitation 28- 46.5% 0 3 -4 .5 % 29 - 49%

Water Supply 19-32.5% 01- 1.5% 40 - 66% Infrastructure 1 5-25% 02 - 3% 43- 72% Hotel-shops 03- 5% 0 57- 95%

TOTAL 65- 27% 06- 02.5% 169- 70.5%

Positive Impact on Physical Life in Lonavla

100.00%

90.00%

80 .00%

70 .00%

60 .00 % ■ Disagree 50.00% ■ Neutral 40.00% □ Agree

30.00%

20.00 %

10.00%

0 .00% Sanitation W ater Supply Infrastructure Hotel-shops

Graph 8.2 Positive Impact on Physical life in Lonavla:

It is seen from tables that the physical conditions have been affected by both certain negative and some positive features. There have been improvements in areas like roads, communications, accommodation, shops, transport, tourist destinations, hotels and other basic facilities like water supply and sanitation. Bad road conditions, pollution, overcrowding, improper public utilities, dirtier tourist spots, parking problem and slums are the negative features. Overcrowding, pollution and parking problems are experienced on the days when the influx of tourist is large. The impact on physical life in Lonavla is thus proved on the basis o f the responses given by the sixty residents of Lonavla. The visible growth of facilities shops, hotels, resorts, telephone connections, the arrival of tourists and these responses validate the first Hypothesis of the present study: Hypothesis one:

402 “The tourism industry in Lonavla has made am impact on the physical aspects of the town of people engaged in tourism sector The evidence is the growth in population from twenty-seven thousand in 1976 to fifty-five thousand in 2007, the rise by 20% to 40% in hotels, shops, resorts, health institutes, educational institutions, multiple growth in transport, roads, communications, tourists facilities and public utilities and the responses by the sixty residents. The first Hypothesis is thus stated and validated in view of the above discussion. Hypothesis One: Validated - ‘^THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN LONAVLA HAS MADE AN IMPACT ON THE PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE TOWN OF PEOPLE ENGAGED IN TOURISM SECTOR

8,3 Hypothesis Twos Negative Impacts The second H^ypothesis is about the impact on the social life in Lonavla. This impact is measured on the basis of the responses to the eighteen statements in the ‘D’ component of the Questionnaire. There are nine negative and nine positive statements in this ‘D’ component.

83i) The nine negative statements are numbering twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty- nine, thirty, thirty-one, thirty-three, thirty-four, forty and forty-two. The first of the nine negative statements in statement number twenty-six in the ‘D’ component of the Questionnaire. The statement is “There is spread of epidemic due to the tourists”. Thirty-six resident respondents (60%) agree with the statement and assert that epidemic is spread in Lonavla. Of these thirty-six respondents, twenty-three agree seven moderately agree and six strongly agree with the statement about the spread of epidemic. There are ten neutral responses. The remaining fourteen responses are in disagreement of which four strongly disagree and ten respondents disagree. There have not been instances of any such spread of epidemic in Lonavla which have been mentioned or recorded. Even then, the probability of spread of disease is a likely negative feature that is the result of the impact of tourism on the social life in Lonavla.

403 8.3ii) The second negative statement is the twenty-seventh statement in ‘D’ component. The statement is “There is increase in mental stress, due to crowd and congestion”. There are only six respondents who disagree with the statement of which four respondents disagree and two respondents strongly disagree. There are two neutral respondents. There are fifty-two respondent residents of which thirty respondents agree, fourteen moderately agi'ee and eight strongly agree with the statement. During the four five months from early June to late October every weekend there is overcrowding to the tune of two to three lakh tourists who are “rain-w^alkers”. The overcrowding and congestion puts everything in stress and strain. All the facilities are stretched beyond the maximum point. This causes mental stress to the residents of Lonavla and therefore it is asserted that the mental stress of Lonavla residents increases due to the overcrowding of tourists. This is another negative feature that affects the social life.

83iil) The twenty-ninth statement is the third negative statement concerning the negative impact of tourism on the social life in Lonavla. The statement is in the form of a question ‘Ts the crime rate increasing in Lonavla due to tourism?” The responses in disagreement are nine-four strongly disagree, one moderately disagrees and four disagree. There are two neutral responses. The responses in agreement are forty-nine of which thirteen strongly agree, four moderately agree and thirty-two agree. More than 80% of the resident respondents think that the crime rate has increased due to tourism. The in-coming and out-going tourists have opened up many possibilities of different monetar}' transactions. The average visiting and the average resident are not involved in the criminal activities. The situations have led to more incidents of crime. The railway authorities and the police authorities do verify this claim. The increasing crime-rate is another negative feature due to the impact of tourism on the social life in Lonavla.

8,3iv) “Do you think that the number of beggars has increased in Lonavla?” is the thirtieth statement which is the fourth negative statement concerning the impact of tourism on social life. The responses in agreement are fifty-three of which twenty-four are in agreement and twenty-four in strong agreement and five in moderate agreement. There is only one neutral response. The responses in disagreement are six of which one is in strong disagreement and the remaining five in disagreement. Nearly 90% of the

404 respondent residents agree with the fact that the beggars have increased in Lonavla. The menace of beggars is detrimental to tourism but the negative trend is flourishing day by day in Lonavla. This is a negative feature that affects the social life in Lonavla.

8.3,v) The fifth, negative statement is thirty-first statement of the ‘D’ component. It states: “There is increase in the activities of drag abuse and gambling”. Those who do not agree are just three respondents of which one strongly disagrees. Neutral stand is taken by five respondents. The remaining fifty-two respondents 87% agree with the statement. Of these ten respondents strongly agree, twelve moderately agree and thirty respondent residents agree with the statement. The increase in vices like gambling, alcoholism and drug-abuse is common in those places where the incoming and outgoing activities of large number of individuals are increasing. Lonavla is a place which is always awake on account of transport and tourism and these vices are bound to grow there. This is a negative feature of the social life in Lonavla which is the result of the impact of tourism.

83.vi) “There is a prevalence, of dual pricing system in Lonavla- one for locals and the other for tourists.” This is the sixth negative statement which is the thirty-third statement in the ‘D’ component. The double pricing is nothing but charging higher prices to the tourists. This is a negative trend. This is against the moral standards and the values of integrity, honesty and sincerity. This is pure commercialism but it is prevalent in this hill station. There are about 13% of respondents-eight respondents who have adopted a neutral stand. There are 15% of respondents-nine respondents who disagree. Three respondents strongly disagree and six disagree with the statement suggesting that such a practice does not prevail. The remaining 85% residents accept this practice, though actually forty-three respondents have expressed their agreement. Six of them strongly agree and five moderately agree and thirty-two respondents agree with the statement, making the number of those who agree to be forty-three (72%). Dual pricing is a bad practice both socially and commercially. That it prevails in Lonavla shows the negative impact of tourism on the social life in Lonavla.

405 8o3.vii) The thirty-fourth statement in the ‘D’ component is the seventh negative statement. It is, “Local citizens show change in the values, norms and customs”. Though the nature of change is not specified in the statement, the changes are likely to be on account of the commercialization of life in Lonavla. The ambiguity of the statement is reflected in the responses. There are nine respondents who have preferred to remain neutral. There are twelve respondents of-w^hich one strongly disagrees and the other eleven respondents disagree with the statement. There are thirty-nine respondents 65% of which tWenty-one agree, twelve moderately agree and six strongly agree with the statement that there is change in the values, norms and custom so this negative feature has affected the social life in Lonavla.

8.3,viii) The eight negative statement is serially the statement number forty of the ‘D’ component. The statement puts forward a question. “Do you agree that the gap between natives and migrants is widening?” There are thirteen respondents more than 20% who have given neutral responses. There are eight respondents who agree, of which one moderately and the remaining seven strongly disagree with the statement. The remaining 65% thirty-nine respondents agree with the statement. Of these thirty-nine respondents, twenty-five respondents agree, eleven respondents moderately agree and three respondent'residents strongly agree with the fact that the gap between the locals and migrants is widening. There is a large number of migrants in Lonavla. The monetary and business interests of the natives and the migrants clash. The natives feel that they are deprived of their opportunities and their legitimate claims and rights. This has created a wide gap between these two sections of the population-the natives and the migrants. This issue has varied implications but for social harmony, it is a negative trend. This has caused a stress in the social life in Lonavla. It is a negative feature of the social life in Lonavla.

8.3.ix) The forty-second statement is the ninth negative statement concerning the impact of tourism on the social life in Lonavla. The statement is; “Tourists’ way of enjoyment is a disturbance to the local citizens of Lonavla.” It is true that the tourists behave in a rowdy, rough manner. They shout, they dance, they sing in chorus, they tease ladies, they misbehave in public, they drink, they eat and leave the left over and many other

406 mischievous acts are performed by them This causes disturbances in the town. There are just five respondents who disagree with this. A group of five more respondents has remained neutral. The remaining fifty agree with the truth of the statement. Eighteen respondents strongly agree, twenty-three agree and nine resident respondents moderately agree with the statement. About 85% agree that the tourists misbehave and disturb the local population of Lonavla. This is a negative feature of the impact of tourism on the social life in Lonavla.The nine negative features of the impact of tourism on the social life in Lonavla of tourism on the social life in Lonavla are presented below; Table 8.3: Negative Impact on the Social Life in Lonavla;

Sr. No. hem Disagreement Neutrality Agreement

1 Ill-health 14- 23% 10- 17% 36- 60%

2 Stress 06- 10% 02- 03% 52-87%

3 Crime-rate 09- 15% 02- 03% 49- 82%

4 Beggars 06- 10% 01- 1.5% 53- 88.5%

5 Vices 03-05% 05- 8.5% 52-86.5%

6 Dual Pricing 09- 15% 08- 13% 43- 72%

7 Change Values etc 12- 20% 09- 15% 39- 65%

8 Gap Widening (L-M) 08- 13% 13- 22% 39- 65%

9 Disturbance 05- 8.5% 05- 8.5% 50- 83%

TOTAL 72- 13.5% 55- 10% 413-76.5%

Negative Impact On The Social Life In Lonavla

90H, I"- 80% 70% 60% 50% / r ■ Disagree 40% ■ Neutral □ /“gree 30%

20%

10%

0% III Healtti Stress Crim e-fate Beggars Vices Dual Pricing Change Gap Disturbance Values Mdenlng

Graph 8.3 ; Negative impact on the social life in Lonavla

407 This shows that there are certain negative features in the social Hfe in Lonavla which are due to the impact of tourism and tourist activities. Of the eighteen statements on the ‘D’ component, the first group of nine negative statements is considered above. The next group is of nine positive statements.

8.4,) The positive statements are twenty-five, twenty-eight, thirty-two, thirty-five, thirty-six, thirty-seven, thirty-eight, thirty-nine and forty-one, The nine positive statements are:

1. Statement: Twenty-five - Do you agree with the density of population has increased due to tourism? 2. Statement: Twenty-eight - Do you agree that the local security is efficient? 3. Statement: Thiily-two - Local social organizations are taking active part in tourism development. 4. Statement: Thirty-five - Touiism has awakened general awareness towards the cultural heritage and religious traditions. 5. Statement: Thirt)'-six - Tourism helped to improve the standard of living of citizens of Lonavla. 6. Statement: Thirty-seven - Tourism has given rise to the number of educational institutions. 7. Statement: Thirty-eight - The importance of Lonavla is increasing as a preferred place for marriage and other social programmes. 8. Statement: Thirty-eight - The business and occupations are dependent on tourist. 9. Statement: Forty =one - Do you think communal harmony is very good in Lonavla? The positive statements obviously point out that the density of population has increased and that the security is efficient. There is increase in the population of Lonavla. It has doubled in the last thirty years. It was twenty-seven thousand in 1976 and it has crossed the mark of fifty-five thousand in 2007. There is overcrowding and congestion but even then the security aspect is taken care of. The railway authorities,

408 the highway and E-way patrolling units, the police authorities and other security staff privately employed have provided efficient security system to the local population as well as to the tourists crowding in Lonavla. The active participation of local social organizations such as various service organizations, international clubs, adventure groups, educational institutions, sports clubs, youth groups, students’ organizations and cultural and religious groups have contributed a lot to the enhancement of the social life in Lonavla and also have made the tourism development in Lonavla possible in a viable manner. The cultural heritage of the tourist sites of ancient historical significance such as the hilly track, mercantile routes of the past, the rock-cut cave temples, architecturally wonderful forts and cultural establishments and religious traditions maintained in the holy places have been enkindled due to the tourism development in Lonavla. Tourism has helped the improvement in the standard of living of citizens of Lonavla as noticed in the lifestyles that have changed. The establishment of Lonavla Education Societys Arts and Commerce College, Gurukul Vidyalay, Balagram, Don Bosco School, Bai Dhanmai Cawasji School, Kaivalyadham, Kohinoor School of Hotel Mangagement, Sinhagad Institute and other educational institutions have made Lonavla an educational hub of importance in Pune district. The importance of Lonavla has increased on account of its being a centre of event management. Many social and cultural programmes, cultural and religious functions, marriages and festive occasions, conferences and business meets are being organized at Lonavla. Many events related to the corporate world are taking place in Lonavla. Tourism is the main anchor of all business transactions, all business operations and all occupations in Lonavla. All roads in Lonavla lead to tourism and all roads in Lonavla start from tourism. Tourism is the focal point of life in Lonavla. Almost all the businessmen in Lonavla have asserted through their responses that their business is dependent on tourism and tourists. The various communities belonging to different religious faiths like Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism and Sikhism live together in perfect harmony in Lonavla. There is good communal harmony in Lonavla and there have been no instances of any communal tension in this hill station. The same can be presented below:

409 Table 8.4; Positive Impact on the Social Life in Lonavla;

Sr. Item Disagreement % Neutralitv % Agreement % No.

Densit> of Population 09-115%! 02 - [03%) 4 9 -

Securitv 18-|30%] 04 - [06%] 38 - [64%]

Active Social Organization 08- 1 14%] 10-[16%] 42 - [70%]

Awareness of culture, 15-[25%] 04 - [06%] 41-[69% ]

religions and heritage

Standard of Living 11 -[18% [ 05 - [09%] 44 - [73%]

Ed. Institutions 15-[25%] 03 - [05%] 42 - [70%[

Event Destination 11 -[18% [ 02 - [03%] 47 - [79%]

Tourist centered Business 17-[28%[ 07-[12% ] 36 - [60%]

Communal Harmonv 04 - [06%[ 05 - [09%] 51-[85% ]

TOTAL 98-[18% [ 42 - [08%] 390 - [74%]

Positive hipact On The Social Life in Lonavta

—

■ Disagree ■ Neutral □ Agree im1 II 1r Security AdMSocirt Awareness of Stextardof Ed.hsMuborts B/«nl Totfist entered CDnmrai OrgmsSbon QAure. LMng Ostinabon Business refgkm sS hentage

Graph 8,4: Positive Impact on the Social Life in Lonavla: 8.4. (a) This shows that there have been nine negative and nine positive effects of the impact of tourism in the social life of Lonavla, the beautiful hill - station. The evidence already placed as the supporting proof and the responses to the eighteen statements related to the social life in Lonavla and the impact of tourism on life in Lonavla is a sufficient evidence to validate the second hypothesis of the study. The second hypothesis is stated:

410 ^‘The tourism in Lonavla has made an impact on the social life in Lonavla,” On the basis of the supporting evidence, tlie second hypothesis that is stated and proved is hereby validated.

The second hypothesis is thus validated. ^^THE TOURISM IN LONAVLA HAS BMBE AN IMPACT ON THE SOCIAL LIFE IN LONAVLA”

8.5 Hypothesis Three • Negative Impact

§.S) The ‘C’ component of the Questionnaire consists of thirteen statements related to the impact of tourism on the economy of Lonavla. Of the thirteen statements, there are three statements which are about the negative impact of tourism on the economy of Lonavla. 8.5.1) The first negative statement is statement number fifteen in the ‘B’ component. The statement is “The cost of land and housing has increased in Lonavla”. The housing and real property transactions in Lonavla have been steadily becoming costly and costlier. The physical constraints on the availability of land for housing in and around Lonavla have become more and more acute on account of the growing demand for land for the purpose of construction and housing. The statement is therefore true and the responses reciprocate the troth of the statement. There are two neutral responses. The responses in disagreement are five of which one response is in strong disagreement, two responses in moderate disagreement and two responses in disagreement. The remaining fifty-three responses are in agreement of these fifty-three responses, sixteen are in strong agreement, three in moderate agreement. Thus, the impact of tourism is on the rising costs of land and housing in Lonavla. This is a negative impact of tourism on the life in Lonavla.

8.5.2) The second negative statement is statement number sixteen which is almost consequential of the last fifteenth statement. It is “More outsiders are purchasing and no land for housing is available to the locals in Lonavla.” This is quite tme because the

411 entire housing construction is being made by the outsiders for the outsiders in Lonavla. The housing in Lonavla is by, for and of the outsiders. The local population is aggrieved on this count. They find no land at affordable cost available to them for the housing purposes. The responses indicate the same situation. There are fifty-three responses in agreement. There are thirty-three respondents that agree, one respondent moderately agrees and nineteen respondents strongly agree. On the other hand, there are five respondents who disagree and two respondents are neutral. The housing and land is available to outsiders but not for locals is a situation being experienced in Lonavla. It is a negative feature. This is the negative impact of tourism on the economy of Lonavla.

8»5,3) The third negative statement is the nineteenth statement in the ‘C’ component related to the economic life in Lonavla. The statement is “The scarcity of essential goods during tourist seasons is a normal feature of life in Lonavla”. This again is true. It is experienced every now and then in Lonavla. The responses are forty-four in agreement, five neutral responses and eleven in disagreement and ten in disagreement of the responses in agreement, seven respondents are in strong agreement, twelve in moderate agreement and twenty-five respondents are in agreement with the statement. The scarcity of essential goods being a nonnal feature is a negative impact on the economy of Lonavla due to tourism.

The three negative statements are presented below:

412 Table 8.5: Negative Impact on the Economy o f Lonavla:

S r. No. Item Disagreement % Neutrality % Agreement %

1 Land costly 05 - 109%] 02 - [03%] 53 - [88%]

2 Land and housing for 05 - [09%] 02 - [03%] 53 - [88%]

outsiders

3 Security o f Goods 11 - |18%] 05 - [09%] 44 - [73%]

TOTAL 21-112%] 09 - [05%] 150 - [83%]

Negative Impact On The Economy Of Lonavla

90 %

80 %

70%

60%

50 % B Disagree 40% ■ Neutral □ Agree 30%

20%

10%

0% Land Costly Land & housing for Security of goods outsiders

Graph 8.5 . Negative Impact on the Economy of Lonavla:

8.6 Hypothesis Three: Positive Impact The remaining ten statements are positive statements about the impact of tourism on the economy of Lonavla The ten positive statements in the ‘B’ component are statements numbering twelve, thirteen, fourteen, seventeen, eighteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three and twenty-four. The statements are reproduced below:

1. Statement Twelve: Has the income of local residents increased over the years? 2. Statement Thirteen: Opportunities of shopping for local residents have increased. 3. Statement Fourteen: Does the female labour force show an increase? 4. Statement Seventh: Renting houses is becoming a source of income.

413 5. Statement Eighteen: Do you think more part time jobs are available? 6. Statement Twent}^: Do you think the number of business increased? 7. Statement Twenty-One: In Lonavla, Recreation Hotel facilities have increased. 8. Statement Twenty-Two: Do you agree that expressway is the reason for boosting business in Lonavla? 9. Statement Twenty-Three: Your business/service depends upon the tourists. 10. Statement Twenty-four: Do you think that construction and all business have developed due to tourism?

There is ample evidence in real life in Lonavla, in Lonavla business, in Lonavla market and other establishments to show that the annual income of local residents in Lonavla is steadily increasing. The growth of tourism means growth of business which is converted into more income to the locals in Lonavla. Similarly, shops have grown in number. There are more opportunities for shopping now for the tourists and also for the local population of the hiil-station. More job opportunities are needed as workers and as labour. The ratio of female labour has considerably grown. One of the sources of income for the local population is renting the houses and providing accommodation to the tourists. More jobs, in particulars part-time jobs, become available during the seasons of tourists. More tourists affect the business operations and business transactions in Lonavla. There are more hotels. There are more recreation facilities available and are being made available in Lonavla, It is true that the Expressway between Mumbai and Pune is an impetus for the promotion of tourism in this area. It has become the life-line of Lonavla. The business as well as the service sector completely depend on tourism and tourists. The prospects of better and brighter future are there in Lonavla due to the promotion of tourism. Due to tourism, construction activities are expanded. The entire business in Lonavla depends on tourism and it is bound to grow due to tourism. All the economy and the financial aspects of life in Lonavla duly depend on the tourists from different parts of the country and from foreign countries. The entire economy of Lonavla is dependent on tourism.

414 The emerging picture of the positive impact of tourism on the economy of

Lonavla is presented below. Table 8.6. Positive Impact on the Economy of Lonavla:

Sr. No. Item Disagreement % Neutralitv % Agreement % 1 Income 13 - [22%] 04- 43-

Shopping 23 - f38%] 03 - [05%] 34 - [57%]

Female Labour 02 - [03%] 02 - [03%] 5 6 -[9 4 % ]

Renting houses 0 6 -[1 0 % ] 03 - [05%] 51 -[85% ]

M ore Jobs 14- 07-[12%] 39 - [65%]

Business, Hotels 11 -[18%] 07-[12%] 42 - [70%]

Recreation 1 0 - 1 16%] 03 - [05%] 47 - [79%]

Expressway 12 - [20%] 04 - [06%] 44 - [74%]

Business Dependent 20 - [33%] 02 - [03%] 38 - [64%]

10 Construction Dependent 0 7 -[1 2 % [ 05 - [08%] 48 - [80%]

TOTAL 118-[19.8%[ 40 - [06.6%] 442 -[73.6%]

Positive knpact On The Econtxny Of Lonavla

■ Dsagree ■ Neutral □ Aoree I iip m ii ill I

hcome Shopping Female Renting More Jobs Business. Recrettion B tpressw ay Business Constfucticfi Labour l-kxjses Hotels Dependent Dependent

Graph 8.6: Positive Impact on the Economy of Lonavla

8.6 (a) Hypothesis Three : Validated 8.6.(a) On the basis of the real life experience in the economic and business transactions and operations and business on the basis of growth in chikki shops, other shops, business establishments, industries, hotels, resorts, means of transport and communication, the growing population of Lonavla has a steady rise in the income. On

415 the basis of the supporting evidence and the responses of the sixty resident respondents, it is proved that the third hypothesis is valid and it is stated as follov^s: Third Hypothesis: ‘^The tourism has made an impact on the economic development in Lonavla. ” In view of the evidence and responses in support as the proof the Third Hypothesis is stated, proved and validated: ^‘THE TOURISM HAS MADE AN IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN LONA VLA. This is how the Three Hypothesis which were stated at the out set of the present study have been validated through the responses to the six questionnaires by the respondents who are foreign tourists (35), domestic tourist (70), businessmen (71), hotel managers (13), chikld industrials (15) and residents of Lonavla (60),

8.7 Recommendations-

8 J.) The Three Hypothesis are duly validated. It is on the basis of the responses that have been presented and analyzed, the promotion of tourism in Lonavla will be possible after the due implementation of the recommendations the researcher desires to make.

8.7.1) It is recommended that a master plan should be prepared to develop all the tourist destinations in and around Lonavla in an integrated comprehensive manner. The stretch from the Ganesh temple at Mahad near Khopoli to the Ekvira temple at Karla be developed by providing good all-weather roads to each of the spots, food and beverages stalls, waiting halls and retiring rooms, drinking water facilities, the well informed legend of each spot with the route map and location map, efficient security and sanitation systems, the facilities of the affordable means of transport, wherever possible • public transport system, communication network links at each destination, good tourist guidance services, informative brochure of each tourist spot, and other necessary facilities. Each spot must have railing, view points, sit outs and waiting platforms. t.a) There' is a proposal to construct a trolley-way across the Rajmachi Point and the valley opposite it. This must be implemented without delay.

416 i.b) The site near the Waghjai temple needs beautification, land scaped gardens and all the facilities required for a tourist spot, i.c) The Amrutanjan site needs to be developed as a tourist spot in a full-fledged maimer. Its natural beauty needs proper presentation arrangements, i.d) The Duke’s Nose is a tourist spot which is not fully exploited. Its beautification should be carried out urgently. A powered lift may be operated at this point to take the tourists to the middle part of the hill. It offers a fantastic panoramic view of the entire region in all the directions. It should not be merely the adventure’s privilege to enjoy the beauty of the spot..

ie (a) Amby Valley and (b) Kune Water fall sites need to be brought on the transport circuit of the hill-station. The same needs to be done in the case of the Tungarli lake. All these tourist destinations should have the necessary tourists facilities related to relaxation, observation point, food and drinking water stalls, transport and communication links and security and sanitation facilities. (a) The Bhushi Dam (b) The Indrayani river, (c) The Siddheswar temple (d) The Lion Point are the sites that need to be developed on the lines suggested above. i.g Ail the water bodies and waterfalls (a) Tungarli, (b) Valvan, (c) Lonavala and others should be developed to the fullest extent as beautiful tourist destinations. Wherever possible, the attraction of water sports be added. i.h (a) The Ekvira temple at Karla, the forts (b) Visapur, (c) Lohgad, (d) Tung, (e) Tikona, (f) Shri Vardhan and others, the cave temples at (g) Bhaje, (h) Karla and (i) Bedse are the heritage sites which need proper conservation, protection

and regular maintenance. The development of tourist destinations should be carried out in a comprehensive manner with the help of government, local and social organizations.

417 8.7.2) It is recommended that Eco-tourism should be developed in Lonavla. The promotion of the pleasure and leisure tourism to enjoy the salubrious climate of Lonavla, the hills, the green valleys, the pointed summits, the pleasant water bodies, the natural sights, the tourist spots and the pleasant atmosphere in and around Lonavla is obligatory. Tourists visit Lonavla for its beauty in different seasons and this trend needs to be encouraged. Eco-tourism is recommended as the main focus of tourism development in Lonavla.

8.73) The next recommendation is regarding the category of Heritage tourism which needs to be promoted in Lonavla. The ancient, the medieval and the modem heritage sites are in abundance in and around Lonavla. The cave temples, the historical forts and religious centres, the modem technological wonders including the hilly highways, the rail tracks and the power-generating water bodies need proper focus on their presentation to the tourist. Lonavla is a treasure house of heritage, locations and therefore heritage tourism needs to be promoted in Lonavla.

8.7.4) The next recommendation is to highlight the significance of the sites of religious importance. The holy places of almost all the religious faiths are located in Lonavla, including temples, mosques, churches, fire temple and others. The sanctity of these spots needs to be maintained and the devotees and pilgrims to these places need to be provided with all the essential facilities.

8.7.5) The recommendation is being made to promote Health tourism in Lonavla. Kaivalyadham, Kapol, Atmasantulan, Manashakti and other resorts are centres that emphasize the use of traditional Ayurvedic yoga therapy and Naturopathy. Most of the foreign tourists have categorically pointed out that the main intention of their initial and successive visit is the availability of the Yoga and Nature therapy practised in Lonavla. This attraction for Lonavla as a health centre should be enhanced and every effort should be made to regularize this category of tourism.

418 8J,6) The next recommendation is made in order to promote Adventure tourism in Lonavla. The Himalayan trekking in Kulu-Manali, Ladakh, Garhwai and Kangra valleys and Himalayan Mountaineering Institute at Darjeeling have made this category of tourism very popular among the young men and women who love adventure and sports. Different adventure and sports activities have already been suggested to make Lonavla the focal point of adventure and sports tourism.

8JJ) The next recommendation is related to the promotion of Corporate tourism in Lonavla. The hill station has all the necessary infrastructure and the ambience to become the convention centre for the corporate world. Youth movement activities, police, army, navy, scouts, guides, railways and other forces and para-military wings like NCC, TA and others can be carried out from this location. It is the need of the hour to utilize fully the facilities available in Lonavla for this category of corporate tourism.

8.7.8) The next recommendation is about the construction of roads which are all- weather motorable roads to all the tourist destinations around Lonavla. The roads in the township area need to be widened. There are Highways but in addition to these, service roads, link roads, approach roads and connecting roads are needed. It is necessary to make an all out comprehensive effort to improve the conditions of roads in Lonavla.

8.7o9) The recommendation about the supply of uninterrupted power supply is overdue. The failure to supply electricity for all the twenty-four hours with appropriate constant voltage is not desirable. The entire hill-station area needs electrification and the same should be carried out urgently.

8J.10) The recommendation about the regular supply of drinking water is made. The supply of water by tankers is a matter of disgrace. The problem should be solved on the priority basis.

419 8.7.11) It is recommended that the infrastractural facilities in Lonavia ought to be stepped up. The transport and communication network links, the health facilities and other infrastructural services should be made available urgently.

8.7.12) It is recommended that a sky-walk be erected from Kumar Resort to Valvan Lake and there should be appropriate entries and exits at appropriate points and it may be diverted to old bazar and new market and Bhushi Dam.

8,7ol3) The last recommendation is to make sustainable tourist development in Lonavia possible. The concept of conservation of natural resources is being given top priority. The pace of development should not be detrimental to the ecology of the tourist spot like Lonavia. It is already discussed how the sustainable tourism development is possible in Lonavia. These ai’e the major recommendations to make Lonavia a happy, enjoyable and salubrious tourist destination.

8.8.) Siiggestlomss Lonavia is an attractive place but its beauty as a tourist spot can be enhanced if some of the following suggestions are duly carried out without further delay.

8.8.1) A paved pedestrian walks of interlocked tiles may by constructed all along the route of hills and valleys into which are visited by the tourist who are bent on visiting Lonavia during the monsoons to enjoy walking in the rains.

8.8.11) The rail track walk may be established so that the beauty of nature from Lonavia to Karjat and back can be viewed during all the seasons. The British travellers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries during the period of ‘Raj’ have showered all praise on the beauty of the “Maratha Ghats”.

420 It is suggested that the ITDC and MIDC should prepare a tourist circuit in which Lonavla will be included for visitors to Mumbai. This will keep the tourist relaxed as they will escape the heat, the pollution and the din of a metro like Mumbai.

8.8.iv) It is suggested that a separate tourist package be offered to travellers in which Lonavla will be halting station between Mumbai and Pune.

8.8.V) It is suggested that the conducted tours in and around Lonavla be operated at regular interval covering the major tourist destinations in one-day, two-day, three-day conducted tours.

8.8.vl) It is suggested that the accommodation at affordable rates in dormitor)' type halls be made available specifically in the MTDC Guest House. Though there are expensive hotels, the tourists need cheap and moreover official accommodation.

8.8.vii) It is suggested that chikki is one food item that is almost synonymous with Lonavla. In addition to this there may be other items which can be sold in the Tood Mair that will have to be established to give a new identity to Lonavla, such items can be potato wada, chiwda, fruit syrups, jams, jellies and eateries that will serve different cuisines.

8»8. vtil) It is suggested that Lonavla should become a centre of gardens such as ‘Rose’ ‘Hibuscus’, ‘Jasmine’, ‘Jerbera’, ‘Tulips’ and other specialized flower gardens as is the case of Chandigad in the north.

8 J) Areas of Further Research;

The present study is about the impact of tourism on certain aspects of life in Lonavla. This study shows that there is a lot of scope to pursue research on topics of similar interest. 8.9.1) The impact of tourism on physical social and economic life in

421 (a) pilgrim centres like (i) Shirdi, (ii) Shegaon (iii) Trimbakeshwar

(b) Cave temples like (i) Ajanta, (ii) Ellora (iii) Elephanta

(c) Forts like (i) Raigad, (ii) Daulatabad (iii) Pratapgad

(d) Hill-stations like (i) Matheran, (ii) Mahabaleshwar (iii) Amboli

(e) Beaches like (i) Tarkarli, (ii) Ganapati Pule (iii) Kiliim

8 J. ii) The sustainable tourist development plan of (a) Goa (b) Maharashtra (c) Daman

8.9o iii) The study of sectors like accommodations transport, food and beverage, services sector and communication in places like (i) Alibag (ii) Ratnagiri (iii) Kolhapur (iv) Nagpur (v) Aurangabad (vi) Nasik (vii) Pune (viii) Narsimhawadi (ix) Childialdara (x) Chandrapur (xi) Mahurgad (xii) Nanded (xiii) Parli Vaijanath (xix) Andhya Nagnath (xv) Amravati.

8.9. iv) The conduct of tourists in the tourist spots like (i) Gardens (ii) Water bodies (iii) Forts (iv) Pilgrim centres and (v) Palace

8.9. v) The package tours in terms of (a) Eco-tourism (b) heritage tourism (c) Pilgrim tourism (d) adventure tourism and (e) health tourism in areas like (i) Gujarat (ii) Madhya Pradesh (iii) Chattisgargh (iv) Andhra Pradesh and (v) Karnataka. Many more areas may be explored on the lines pursued in the present study.

8.10.) Epilogue; It is hoped that the present study will enable to make the sustainable tourism development in Lonavla a reality in the near future. The preservation of nature’s beauty in Lonavla should go hand in hand with the latest facilities made available for the

422 tourists coming to Loiiavla. The tourist spot has the potential to be an international tourist attraction, all those who are concerned with this task should contribute the utmost to make Lonavla the dream destination to be a real destination of joy, pleasure, leisure, entertainment, health promotion, adventurous spirit, holy faith, and a centre of good-will and understanding to promote harmony, integrity and affection amongst all. Let Lonavla lead the community, the nation and the globe on the path of international peace, love, good-will and understanding.

423