Raja Shiv Chhatrapati
1 Kavi Bhushan’s Poem
इंद्र जजमम जंभपर ,बाढव सुअंभ पर, रावन सदंभ पर,रघकु ु ऱराज है !
पौन बाररबाह पर,संभु रतिनाह पर, 煍यⴂ सहसबाह पर,राम 饍ववजराज है !
दावा द्रमु दंड पर,चीिा मगृ झंुड पर, भूषन वविंडु पर,जैसे मगृ राज है !
िेज िम अंस पर,काꅍह जजमम कंस पर, 配यⴂ ममऱ楍छ बंस पर,सेर मसवराज है !
2 Pre – Shivaji Period
3 Yadavas of Devagiri
4 Annexed by Allauddin Khalji
5 Dark Era
• 1294 A.D. Delhi Sultan Allauddin Khalji defeated Ramdev Yadav.
• 1313 A.D. Malik Kafur defeated Shankardev Yadav.
• 1317 A.D. Kutubuddin Khalji defeated Harpal Dev. Devagiri renamed as Daulatabad.
6 Dark Era..
• 1347 A.D. Alaudin Hasan established Bahamani Sultanate.
• 1510 A.D. Portuguese rule established in Gomantak.
• Bahamani Sultanate splited into 5 independent Sultanate.
• 1565 A.D. Alliance of Adilshahi, Nizamshahi & Qutubshahi defeated Vijaynagar Empire.
7 Saints in Maharashtra
8 Malik Ambar
9 Shahji Raje Bhosale
10 Jijabai
11 Lakhuji Raje Jadhav
12 Shahji’s Struggle
• 1629 A.D. Nizamshah assassinated Lakhuji Jadhav in the court.
• Shahji Raje left Adilshahi and attempted to establish independent kingdom at Pune.
• Adilshahi army destroyed Pune.
• Shahji Raje joined Mughal Service.
13 Shivaji’s Birth
14 Shahji’s Struggle
• After Malik Ambar’s death Shahji again joined Nizamshahi.
• Ruled Nizamshahi with puppet Badshah.
• Mughal-Adilshahi allied forces annexed Nizamshah.
• Shahji Raje again joined Adilshahi according to treaty.
15 Pune Re-established
16 Training
17 Idea of Hindavi Swarajya • 1640 A.D. Shivaji married Saibai.
• Visited Bangaluru to meet Shahji Raje.
• Heard about condition of Vijaynagar Empire.
• Expressed desire of establish independent kingdom to his father.
• Shahji Raje appointed important Ministers & Sardars for Shivaji’s service in Pune. 18 Friends
19 Judgement
20 Oath of Swarajya
21 Trusted Friends • Baji Pasalkar
• Yesaji Kank
• Suryaji Kakade
• Baji Prabhu Deshpande
• Moropant Pingale 22
Samartha Ramdas
23 Raj-Mudra
24 Torna Fort
25 Captured Ignored Forts
• Torna
• Rajgad (First Capital of Swarajya)
• Chakan
• Kondhana
• Shirval
26 First Crisis on Swarajya
• 1648 A.D. Afzal Khan & Baji Ghorpade captured Shahji Raje.
• Condition to surrender all captured forts in exchange of Shahji’s release.
• Fateh Khan was sent to Maharashtra to capture all forts.
• Fateh Khan captured Shirval.
27 First War • Shivaji decided to confront Adilshahi army.
• Moved with army to Purandar fort.
• Used guerilla attacks for first time on Fateh Khan’s camp.
• Fateh Khan attempted to attack Purandar, but was defeated.
• Shivaji recaptured Shirval. 28
Political Steps • Imprisoned Shahji was brought to Bijapur.
• Shivaji sent a letter to Shahjahan admitting his and Shahji’s loyalty to him.
• Shahjahan pressurized to release Shahji.
• Shahji was released on condition to surrender Kondhana.
• Sonopant Dabir – Mastermind behind the strategy. 29 Political Steps.. • However, Shahji was stopped in Bijapur for 3 years.
• In 3 years- – Shivaji established intelligence department. – Regularized Administration of extended territory. – Strengthened Army, Cavalry. – Developed Irrigation Plans. – Prepared Future Military Plans.
• After 3 years Shahji Raje was sent to Bangaluru.
• Shivaji raided Masur (Dharwad) – Warning to
Adilshah. 30
Expansion of Swarajya
31 Jawali Conquered
32 Jawali Conquered.. • Ruler of Jawali – Chandrarao More, started disputes with Shivaji.
• Shivaji sent his diplomat for negotiations.
• More started to attack & claim region of Swarajya.
• Kanhoji Jedhe, Sambhaji Kondhalkar & Raghunath Atre were sent to conquere Jawali.
• January 1656 - More fled to Rairi fort – Jawali conquered. 33
Rairi Fort
34 Rairi Fort.. • Shivaji attacked Rairi.
• Asked Chardrarao More to surrender & join Swarajya.
• More surrendered, but secretly sent messages to Adilshah.
• Shivaji killed More.
• April 1656 - Rairi captured – Renamed as Raigad. 35
Construction of Pratapgad
36 Politics with Aurangzeb • March 1657 A.D. Shivaji’s diplomat Sonopant Dabir met Aurangzeb and submitted loyalty.
• April 1657 A.D. Shivaji raided & looted Junnar & Ahmednagar Mughal regions with 3000 cavalry.
• June 1657 A.D. Another diplomat Raghunathpant Korade met Aurangazeb – asked for apology.
• Same year Aurangzeb returned to Delhi to seize throne. 37
Instability in Adilshahi • November 1656 A.D. Muhammad Adilshah died.
• His wife Badi Begam started ruling Adilshahi with her son Ali Adilshah as puppet Badshah.
• Afzal Khan trapped and killed Shivaji’s elder brother Sambhaji in the Battle of Kanakgiri.
• May 1657 A.D. Saibai gave birth to son. He was named as Sambhaji.
38
Expansion of Borders
• August 1657 Bapuji Mudgal Deshpande captured Kondhana
• Raghunath Ballal Atre captured Dabhol.
• Attempt to capture Murud-Janjira from Siddis failed.
• Fresh troops were sent on the occasion of Vijayadashami on a mission.
39
Expansion of Borders.. • Kalyan & Bhivandi were captured on same day – Diwali , October 1657.
• Around 40 forts were captured from Vijayadashami to Diwali. – Lohgad – Tung-Tikona – Lohgad – Karjat – Mahuli
• Swarajya expanded outside Pune region – Konkan, Thane. 40
Foundation of Navy
41 Foundation of Navy.. • The coast line of the Konkan is broken by many creeks, offers excellent shelter for ships.
• The rocky islands near the coast presented excellent sites for naval strongholds.
• Shivaji realized the importance of Navy.
• Naval Powers in Arabian Sea were – English, Portuguese, Siddis & Dutch
42
Foundation of Navy..
• January 1658 – Renovation of “Durgadi” fort near Kalyan Creek started.
• Initially purchased vessels.
• Ordered construction of Frigates - Warships.
• Darya Sarang appointed as first Admiral.
43
Foundation of Navy..
Portuguese Governor's letter in August 1658 says,
“a son of Shahaji, rebel against Adilshah, has captured the areas near Bassein (Vasai) & Chaul. He has grown strong. He has constructed some fighting vessels in the Bhiwandi, Kalyan & Panvel ports of the Bassein region. We are therefore forced to remain alert. We have ordered the Portuguese captain not to allow these vessels to come out of the ports & see that they do not move out on the seas.”
44
Konkan Expedition
45 Konkan Expedition.. • February 1658 – Shivaji entered Kokan (coastal) region with army.
• April 1658 – Captured Chaul, Tale & Ghosale cities from Portuguese
• Captured Vijaydurga.
• Captured Kudal & Sawantwadi.
• Lakham Sawant – Sawantwadi’s Ruler joined Swarajya. 46
Afzal Khan
47 Afzal Khan.. • 1659 – Badi Begum sent Afzal Khan to kill or arrest Shivaji.
• Afzal Khan was very mighty, skilled and influential general in Adilshahi.
• Instrumental in defeating many kingdoms in South India Shrirangapattan, Karnapuram, Belur, Kanchi, Madurai, Chiknayakanhalli, Shirepattan
• Had treacherously killed Raja Kasturi Ranga after
calling for treaty. 48
Afzal Khan.. • Afzal Khan was acompanied by- – 12000 cavalry, 10000 army, canons – Fazal Khan (son) – Siddi Hilal Khan – Baji Ghorpade – Naikaji Pandhare – Kalyanji Jadhav – Mambaji Bhosale – Sayyad Banda – Krishnaji Bhaskar Kulkarni (Diplomat)
49
Afzal Khan.. • Afzal tried to emotionally break Shivaji.
• Destructed famous temples of – Tulja Bhavani (Tuljapur) – Vitthal (Pandharpur)
• Captured Shivaji’s brother-in-law and converted him to Islam.
• Afzal made his hault at Wai.
• Shivaji did not react to any of actions. 50
Kanhoji Jedhe
51 Increasing Stress.. • Afzal Khan captured- – Pune – Supe – Saswad – Shirwal
• Shivaji shifted to Pratapgad.
• Saibai passed away due to illness.
• Shivaji sent his diplomat Pantaji Gopinath Bokil to Afzal Khan. 52
Diplomacy • Pantaji Bokil assured safety to Afzal Khan for coming to Pratapgad.
• Pantaji Bokil collected crucial information from Afzal’s camp.
• Afzal decided to meet Shivaji near Pratapgad with army.
• Date of meeting finalized – 10th November 1659.
53
Strategies against Afzal
54 Preparation of Meeting • Netaji Palkar was sent towards south of Pratapgad with troop of 5000 soldiers.
• Another 5000 soldiers were spread in Jawali forest at critical positions.
• Afzal was unknowingly trapped in the forest.
• Shamiyana was built near Pratapgad.
55
Preparation of Meeting.. • Shivaji sent one of his commander – Dauloji to Rajapur to catch Afzal’s ships.
• Four commanders were sent to capture Pune, Supe, Shirwal & Saswad.
• All commanders were appointed at different locations in Jawali Forest.
• In case of unfortunate incident, all were ordered to fight under Netaji Palkar’s leadership.
56
Wagh Nakha – Tiger Claws
57 Day of Meeting • Shivaji & Afzal arrived with their selected bodyguards.
• Shivaji’s Bodyguards- Sambhaji Kavaji, Jeeva Mahala, Siddi Ibrahim Khan, Yesaji Kank, Krishnaji Gayakwad
• Afzal’s Bodyguards- Sayyad Banda, Abdul Rahim Khan, Pilaji Mohite, Shankaraji Mohite, Ambar Khan
58
Meeting with Afzal Khan
59 Counterattack
60 Afzal Assasinated • Sayyad Banda tried to attack Shivaji, Jeeva Mahala cut his hand and head.
• Sambhaji Kavaji beheaded Afzal Khan while trying to flee.
• Krishnaji Bhaskar and Mambaji Bhosale were killed. Other bodyguards surrendered.
• Cannons fired from Pratapgad – Indication for troops hiding in surrounding forest. 61
New Mission
62 New Mission.. • Next day Shivaji attacked and captured Wai.
• Netaji Palkar conquered Miraj, raided till borders of Bijapur.
• Shivaji conquered Karad, Satara, reached near Kolhapur.
• 25th November 1659 Shivaji captured Kolhapur.
• 29th November 1659 Panhala captured. 63
Battle of Kolhapur
• Adilshah sent Rustamejama to re- capture Panhala.
• Netaji Palkar joined Shivaji at Panhalgad.
• Both armies clashed at Kolhapur.
• Adilshahi army fled from battle..
64
New Crisis
• Siddi Jauhar was sent with 40000 army to capture Panhala.
• Aurangzeb sent Shaista Khan with 70000 army to conquer Swarajya.
• Siddi Jauhar marched towards Panhala.
• Shaista Khan marched towards Pune.
65
Siege of Panhala
• Jauhar’s cannons couldn’t harm the fort.
• Brought long range cannons from British Officer – Henry Revington in Rajapur.
• Henry Revington broke agreement with Shivaji made few months back.
• British cannons also failed to break the fort.
66
Siege of Panhala..
67 Failed Attempt to Break Siege
• Netaji Palkar & Siddi Hilal attacked Siddi Jauhar’s camp.
• Siddi Hilal’s son was captured.
• Both had to retreat.
• Siege continued even in heavy rain.
68
Acting of Surrender
• July 1660 - Shivaji’s diplomat met Jauhar and offered to surrender.
• Shivaji planned to escape with Baji Prabhu Deshpande.
• 600 soldiers were selected to accompany them.
• Shiva Kashid was sent to Jauhar’s camp.
69
Journey to Vishalgad
70 Ghod Khind
71 Pawan Khind
72 Treaty with Jauhar • Siddi Jauhar continued the siege at Panhala.
• Trambyak Bhaskar was defending the fort.
• September 1660 – Panhala was surrendered to Siddi Jauhar.
• Adilshah alleged Jauhar of taking bribe from Shivaji.
• Siddi Jauhar committed suicide.
73
Shaista Khan
• February 1660 – Aurangzeb sent his maternal uncle Shaista Khan to conquer Swarajya.
• Shaista Khan marched towards Ahmednagar with more than 70,000 army.
• Shaista Khan captured Pune.
• Moved his camp in Lal Mahal - Shivaji’s old home.
74
Chakan Fort
75 Chakan Fort.. • Firangoji Narsala – In-Charge of Fort.
• 300 army was deployed in Chakan Fort.
• June 1660 – Shaista Khan attacked Chakan Fort with 20,000 army.
• Firangoji defended fort for more than 2 months.
• August 1660 – Shaista Khan captured Chakan Fort.
• Firangoji & remaining soldiers were released by
Shaista Khan. 76
Battle of Umbarkhind
77 Konkan Mission • February 1661 - Shivaji captured Sangameshwar, Shringarpur.
• Captured Rajapur.
• Imprisoned Henry Revington and 9 other British officers.
• Recovered ransom from British.
78
Shaista Khan • Shaista Khan’s army was defeated in Thane and Konkan fronts.
• Shivaji’s spies were active in Shaista’s camp – Lal Mahal.
• All crucial information in camp was regularly sent to Shivaji.
• New plot was being planned.
79
Raid on Shaista Khan • Chaitra Shuddha Ashtami – April 1663.
• 400 soldiers were selected for the mission.
• Shivaji himself was leading the attack.
• 2000 soldiers were deployed in surrounding area.
• Entered Shaista’s camp pretending to be Maratha soldiers in Mughal army.
80
Raid on Shaista Khan
81 Raid on Shaista Khan.. • Shaista Khan survived, but lost 3 fingers of right hand.
• Shaista’s son Abul Fateh Khan was killed.
• Many Mughal commanders were killed or injured.
• In chaos Shivaji and his soldiers mixed into Mughal army and fled to Kondhana.
• Shaista Khan was transferred to Bengal Region. 82
Surat • Jaswant Singh Rathod – new Mughal in-charge besieged Kondhana.
• Attack on Surat was planned to recover the loss during Shaista Khan’s stay in Pune.
• Surat was very rich and crucial Trade Centre in Mughal Empire.
• Bahirji Naik collected all the information of Surat.
• December 1663 – Shivaji marched for Surat. 83
Attack on Surat
84 Attack on Surat.. • Collected ransom from rich merchants.
• All European merchants except British and Portuguese paid ransom.
• The ransom was forcefully recovered from rich merchants who refused to pay it.
• All soldiers were ordered not harm religious places, ladies and children.
85
Attempt of Assasination
86 Attempt of Assassination.. • Inayat Khan sent assassinator as diplomat, the attempt to kill Shivaji failed.
• Enraged Maratha soldiers burned offices and posts of Mughal commanders.
• British merchant George Oxenden organized all soldiers and slaves in factory to fight.
• On 6th day of attack, Shivaji returned to Maharashtra with collected wealth. 87
Shahji’s Death
88 Shahji’s Death.. • Shahji Raje felt down from horse during hunting in Hodigere forest.
• January 1664 – Shahji died of injuries.
• Vyankoji (Ekoji) succeeded Shahji in Adilshahi Court.
• Joined Khawas khan’s army to attack Shivaji.
89
Baji Ghorpade
90 Khawas Khan • Khawas Khan entered Konkan to re-capture it.
• October 1664 - Shivaji defeated Khawas Khan near Kudal.
• November 1664 - Captured Phonda.
• Shivaji marched towards Gomantak.
• Portuguese Governor sent diplomat and signed treaty. 91
Konkan - Karnatak • December 1664 – Attacked and plundered Adilshahi wealth in Hubli.
• Captured Vengurla.
• February 1665 – Attacked Savanur/Basanur.
• Attacked Karwar, collected ransom from Adilshahi commanders and British merchants.
92
Construction of Sindhudurga
93 Construction of Sindhudurga..
94 Sindhudurga
95 Sindhudurga..
96 New Crisis • Aurangazeb appointed Mirza Raja Jaisingh as new governor of Deccan.
• Jaisingh – Kachhwah Rajput - Ruler of Jaipur.
• Diler Khan Pathan was accompanying him.
• Jaisingh marched towards Maharashtra.
97
Mirza Raja Jaisingh
98 Purandar Fort
99 Siege of Purandar • Diler Khan besieged Purandar fort.
• Purandar’s in-charge Murarbaji Deshpande was defending the fort.
• Italian mercenary Mannucci’s cannons succeeded in breaking walls and capturing Vajragad.
• Group of 10-15 Marathas attacked and damaged cannons during mid-night.
• Diler Khan started fresh attack on Purandar. 100
Murarbaji Deshpande
101 Siege of Purandar..
102 Siege of Purandar..
103 Diler Khan
104 Treaty with Mughals
105 Conditions of Purandar Treaty • Pay 40 lakh of ransom to Mughals in exchange of control of Konkan.
• Accompany Mughals against Adilshah & Qutubshah.
• Sambhaji to be appointed as commander of 5,000 army in Mughal court.
• 23 forts to be handed over to Mughals- – Purandar, Kondhana, Lohgad, Mahuli, Tung-Tikona
106
Campaign Against Adilshah • Shivaji joined Mughal campaign against Adilshah.
• Couldn’t capture any Adilshahi region.
• Attempt to capture Panhala fort also failed.
• Netaji Palkar joined Adilshahi.
• Jaisingh convinced Shivaji to meet Aurangazeb.
107
Aagra Visit • Aurangazeb went to Aagra after Shahjahan’s death.
• 12th May 1666 – Aurangazeb’s 50th Birthday was finalized as day of meeting.
• Ramsingh – Jaisingh’s elder son was appointed to look after the arrangement.
• March 1666 – Shivaji left Rajgad with around 300 selected people.
• 11th May 1666 – Shivaji reached Aagra. 108
Day of Meeting • Aurangazeb appointed Ramsingh on the duty at his Palace.
• Shivaji reached late in the court.
• He was asked to stand in last row – with commanders of 5000 army.
• Jaswantsingh Rathod was standing ahead of him.
109
Day of Meeting..
110 Conspiracies
111 Conspiracies.. • Aurangazeb planned to kill Shivaji with assistance of Shujaat Khan – Commander of Aagra fort.
• Cancelled the plan, made new plan to send Shivaji on Kabul front.
• Postponed the plan.
• Kept Shivaji under surveillance of Siddi Faulad Khan – Kotwal of Aagra.
112
Trap
113 Trap..
• All except Shivaji were allowed to roam in the city.
• Sambhaji was regularly visiting Mughal court with Ramsingh.
• Shivaji got permission to send all his people to Maharashtra.
• Only 10-12 selected people were accompanying Shivaji in Aagra.
114
Plan for Escape
• July 1665 – Shivaji felt ill.
• Renowned Vaidyas and Hakims were treating Shivaji.
• Shivaji asked permission to start charity – distributing sweets and fruits among Sadhu’s-Fakir’s.
• Permission was granted but boxes were being regularly checked.
• Continued for almost one month. 115
Escaped
116 Returned home
117 Route of Return
• Travelled to Mathura.
• Handed over Sambhaji to Krishnaji Pant.
• Travelled via Mathura, Narvar, Telangana, Gulbarga, Miraj, Satara to Rajgad.
• Spread rumor that Sambhaji died during the travel.
• After 4-5 months Krishnaji Pant brought Sambhaji back to Rajgad. 118
Diplomats Tortured
119 Netaji Palkar – Converted to Islam
120 Diplomats Released
121 Politics of Treaty
• Made agreement with Aurangazeb – treaty of Purandar continued.
• Adilshah also signed treaty with Shivaji.
• Shivaji concentrated on administration of Kingdom.
• Established new factories, encouraged trading in kingdom.
• Peace continued for 4 years. 122
Re-expansion
123 Gomantak
• January 1668 – Shivaji entered Konkan and attacked Desai Landlords near Gomantak.
• Desai’s took refuge to Portuguese.
• Shivaji entered Gomantak.
• Portuguese signed peace treaty.
• Shivaji appointed his diplomat in Portuguese court.
124
Gomantak.. • May 1668 – Saptakotishwara temple was rebuilt.
• Around 500 Maratha soldiers were secretly appointed in Gomantak.
• Shivaji had made camp in nearby region for surprise attack.
• October 1668 - All soldiers were caught and sent back to Shivaji.
• Gomantak expedition was stopped. 125
Murud - Janjira
126 Murud Janjira.. • Built by fisherman rulers around 14th century
• Remained independent till 1490 A.D.
• Captured by Abyssinian Siddi commander – Perim Khan.
• The coastal line around Raigad and Ratnagiri was threatened by Siddis.
• 8 forts in surrounding region were under Siddi control. 127
Murud Janjira..
• May 1669 A.D. – Shivaji and Moropant attacked from land.
• Daulat Khan – Admiral of Navy attacked from Sea.
• Shivaji – Moropant captured 6 forts on the land.
• Navy captured Danda–Rajapuri… crucial fort near Janjira.
128
Murud – Janjira..
129 Murud Janjira..
• November 1669 – Siddi commander Fateh agreed to surrender.
• Siddi Sambul, Siddi Kasim and Siddi Khairyat imprisoned Fateh.
• Took charge of Janjira and started fresh resistance.
• Shivaji had to retreat from Janjira – December 1669 A.D.
130
Aurangazeb’s Jihad
131 Aurangzeb’s Jihad.. • Increased taxes on Hindus.
• Terminated all artists from court and Agra city.
• Ordered to destroy temples – April 1669 A.D.
• Kashi – Vishweshwar, Bindu-Madhav.
• Mathura – Keshavdeva.
• Saurashtra – Somnath. 132
Termination of Peace Agreement • Aurangazeb recovered amount spent during Shivaji’s Agra visit (approx. Rs. 1 Lakh) from Sambhaji’s income.
• Issued secret order to capture Prataprao Gujar and Niraji Ravji.
• Prince Muajjam informed Prataprao and Niraji, helped them to escape – December 1669.
• Ravji Somnath – escaped from Varad region, attacked and plundered Mughal posts while returning to Rajgad. 133
Tanaji Malusare
134 Tanaji Malusare.. • Shivaji’s childhood friend - Participated in many missions like Afzal Khan, Konkan.
• Accepted Kondhana mission.
• Selected 500 soldiers for the mission.
• Suryaji Malusare (younger brother) and Shelar Mama (maternal uncle) were accompanying him.
• 4th February 1670 – Tanaji marched towards Kondhana. 135
Kondhana • Was under Mughal control since Purandar treaty.
• Udaybhan Rathod – Rajput commander from Jodhpur was in-charge of fort.
• Very strict and disciplined Rajput.
• Approx. 1500 Rajputs were deployed in the fort.
• Tanaji decided to attack during night.
136
Kondhana..
137 Kondhana..
138 Re-expansion
• February 1670 – Kondhana.
• March 1670 – Purandar, Kalyan, Bhiwandi.
• May 1670 – Lohagad.
• June 1670 – Mahuli, Karnala, Rohida.
• October 1670 – Attacked and plundered Surat for second time.
139
Re-expansion
• February 1672 – Salher.
• June 1672 – Javar.
• July 1672 – Nashik.
• March – 1673 Panhala.
• Muajjam and Diler Khan were busy in personal fights.
140
Chhatrasal Bundela
141 Samartha Ramdas
142 Idea of Coronation
143 Prataprao Gujar
144 Preparation of Coronation
145 Preparation of Coronation..
146 Coronation
147 Coronation
148 Anandvan Bhuvan
149 New Missions
• Mughal commander Bahadur Khan was attacked and his camp was plundered – July 1674 A.D.
• March 1675 A.D. – Kolhapur re-captured.
• April 1675 A.D. – Phonda re-captured.
• Bahalol Khan was trapped near Miraj.
• May 1675 A.D. – Ankola, Shiveshwar, Karwar captured. 150
Rumors of Death
• December 1675 A.D. – Rumors of Shivaji’s death spread in Surat, Mumbai, Rajapur and Janjira.
• Rumors of Shivaji poisoned by Sambhaji.
• Shivaji was ill for approx. 1 month.
• January 1676 A.D. – Recovered from illness.
151
Muhammad Kuli Khan..
152 Netaji Palkar
153 Brought back to Hinduism – June 1676
154 South India • October 1676 A.D. – Shivaji started new mission of conquering South India.
• With 25,000 army + cavalry.
• Commanders accompanying – Hambirrao Mohite, Balaji Avaji, Suryaji Malusare, Netaji Palkar, Sarjerao Jedhe, Yesaji Kank, Raghunathpant Hanamante
• Charge of Swarajya was handed over to Moropant Pingale
155
Battle of Koppal – January 1677
156 Friendship with Qutubshah – March 1677
157 South India..
• April 1677 A.D. – Visited Shrishailam and Tirupati.
• May 1677 A.D. – Captured Gingee (Senji, Tamilnadu).
• Ordered reconstruction of “Samottirperumal” Temple in Tiruvanmalai.
• July 1677 – Captured Tiruwadi.
• Appointed Narhari Rudra for capturing Vellore.
158
Meeting with Vyankoji – July 1677
159 South India..
• Shivaji’s another half brother – Santaji Bhosale joined Swarajya.
• August 1677 A.D. – Captured Kaveripattam, Chidambaram, Virudhachalam.
• October 1677 A.D. – Captured Balapur, Bangalore, Shire, Hoskot, Kolar and Arani.
• June 1678 A.D. – Shivaji returned to Raigad, Vellore captured. 160
Domestic Disputes
• Disputes between Sambhaji and Soyarabai.
• Conspiraces were being planned against Sambhaji.
• November 1676 – Sambhaji moved to Shringarpur (Konkan).
• September 1677 – Yesubai gave birth to daughter.
• Remained at Shringarpur till Shivaji returned to Raigad. 161
Domestic Disputes..
• June 1678 – Shivaji returned to Raigad.
• Sambhaji was advised to stay at Sajjangad, with Samartha Ramdas.
• Couldn’t adapt with spiritual & disciplined atmosphere at Sajjangad.
• December 1678 – Sambhaji left Sajjangad. and…..
162
Cub in Wolve’s Gang
163 Bhupalgad Lost
164 Alliance with Adilshahi
• May 1679 – Diler and Sambhaji attacked Bijapur.
• Siddi Masud – Adilshahi Minister asked Shivaji for help.
• Shivaji and Moropant marched towards Bijapur with army.
• October 1679 – Mughal army suspended campaign against Bijapur and marched to Tikota.
165
Attacks on Mughal Territory
• November 1679 – Anandrao Makaji was sent to attack Maan, Sangola.
• Shivaji himself attacked Jalana.
• Defeated Mughal commander Ranamasta Khan.
• Sardarkhan & Kesar Singh chased Shivaji for 3 days.
• Shivaji reached Swarajya safely – due to Bahirji Naik’s presence of mind. 166
Return of Sambhaji – December 1679
167 Shivaji’s Death
• Sambhaji was re-appointed as governor of Konkan.
• March 1680 – Rajaram was married to Prataprao Gujar’s daughter.
• Shivaji felt ill shortly after marriage.
• 3rd April 1680 (Hanuman Jayanti) Shivaji passed away due to illness.
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Chhatrapati Sambhaji
169 Chhatrapati Sambhaji.. • April 1680 – Soyarabai started making plans to crown her son Rajaram.
• May 1680 – Hambirrao Mohite was sent to imprison Sambhaji.
• Hambirrao joined Sambhaji, imprisoned conspirators.
• All were released, their political positions were restored.
• January 1681 – Sambhaji coronated as Chhatrapati. 170
New Challenges • January 1681 – Akbar (Aurangazeb’s 4th son) revolted with aid of Rajput rulers of Marwar & Udaipur.
• May 1681 – Akbar & Durgadas Rathod were given refuge by Sambhaji.
• August 1681 - Soyarabai attempted to poison Sambhaji with the help of Akbar.
• All conspirators were executed.
• October 1681 – Soyarabai committed suicide. 171
New Challenges..
• November 1681 – Aurangazeb with around 5,00,000 army entered Maharashtra.
• Ordered Siddi, Portuguese to join campaign against Swarajya.
• Aurangazeb’s campaigns in Konkan failed.
• Attempt to capture Ramsej fort failed after siege of 6 months.
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New Challenges.. • December 1681 – Mysore’s ruler allied with Mughals, captured major portion of Swarajya in Karnataka region.
• November 1682 – Region was re-captured, Military base formed at Chitradurga.
• April to November 1683 – Attacked and captured major Portuguese region except Vasai & Goa.
• November 1683 – Attacked Goa, plundered Churches.
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Fall of Adilshahi & Qutubshahi
• September 1686 - Mughals conquered Adilshahi.
• December 1686 to 1687 - Haraji Mahadik, Keshav Trimbak, Santaji Bhosale defeated Mughal troops in Karnatak-Tamilnadu.
• September 1687 - Qutubshahi conquered by Mughals.
• October 1687 – Hambirrao Mohite died in battle near Wai. 174
Sambhaji’s Death
• February 1689 – Mukarrab Khan imprisoned Sambhaji near Sangameshwar.
• Kavi Kalash – Sambhaji’s friend, Poet was also imprisoned.
• Both were tortured for 1 month in prison.
• 11th March 1689 (Phalgun Amavasya) – Both were executed publicly in Mughal camp.
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After Sambhaji
• Rajaram succeeded to Throne.
• Mughals captured Raigad.
• Yesubai (Sambhaji’s wife) & Shahu (son) were taken prisoners.
• Rajaram fled from siege, shifted capital to Gingee (Tamilnadu).
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Chhatrapati Rajaram
• Continued the defence from Gingee.
• Centre of war shifted to Tamilnadu.
• Santaji Ghorpade & Dhanaji Jadhav defeated Mughal forces on all fronts in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu.
• 1698 - Rajaram escaped from Gingee through Mughal siege, established new capital at Panhala.
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Maharani Tarabai
• 1700 – Rajaram died of illness.
• Rajaram’s widow Tarabai continued resistance with the help of Dhanaji Jadhav, Ramchandrapant Amatya, Khando Ballal Chitnis, Khanderao Dabhade & other commanders.
• Maratha forces crossed Narmada river, entered Malwa region.
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Aurangazeb’s Death
• 1707 – Aurangazeb died at Khuldabad, near Aurangabad.
• Resulted in Maratha’s victory after 25 years of war.
• Mughal forces retreated to Delhi to participate in a battle for throne.
• Muazzam killed Azam, succeeded to Throne.
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Chhatrapati Shahu
• 1707 – Shahu was released by Muazzam with some conditions.
• Triggered war for Throne in Swarajya.
• 1708 – Shahu succeded to Throne with the help of Balaji Vishwanath Bhat, Dhanaji Jadhav, Khanderao Dabhade, Kanhoji Aangre & other commanders.
• Swarajya started expanding as Maratha Empire.
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References
• “Raja Shivchhatrapati” by Shri. Babasaheb Purandare.
• “Shreeman Yogi” by Shri. Ranjit Desai.
• “Shambhu Raje” by Prof. S. G. Shevade.
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