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Raja Shiv Chhatrapati

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Raja Shiv Chhatrapati 1 Kavi Bhushan’s Poem इंद्र जजमम जंभपर ,बाढव सुअंभ पर, रावन सदंभ पर,रघकु ु ऱराज है ! पौन बाररबाह पर,संभु रतिनाह पर, 煍यⴂ सहसबाह पर,राम 饍ववजराज है ! दावा द्रमु दंड पर,चीिा मगृ झंुड पर, भूषन वविंडु पर,जैसे मगृ राज है ! िेज िम अंस पर,काꅍह जजमम कंस पर, 配यⴂ ममऱ楍छ बंस पर,सेर मसवराज है ! 2 Pre – Shivaji Period 3 Yadavas of Devagiri 4 Annexed by Allauddin Khalji 5 Dark Era • 1294 A.D. Delhi Sultan Allauddin Khalji defeated Ramdev Yadav. • 1313 A.D. Malik Kafur defeated Shankardev Yadav. • 1317 A.D. Kutubuddin Khalji defeated Harpal Dev. Devagiri renamed as Daulatabad. 6 Dark Era.. • 1347 A.D. Alaudin Hasan established Bahamani Sultanate. • 1510 A.D. Portuguese rule established in Gomantak. • Bahamani Sultanate splited into 5 independent Sultanate. • 1565 A.D. Alliance of Adilshahi, Nizamshahi & Qutubshahi defeated Vijaynagar Empire. 7 Saints in Maharashtra 8 Malik Ambar 9 Shahji Raje Bhosale 10 Jijabai 11 Lakhuji Raje Jadhav 12 Shahji’s Struggle • 1629 A.D. Nizamshah assassinated Lakhuji Jadhav in the court. • Shahji Raje left Adilshahi and attempted to establish independent kingdom at Pune. • Adilshahi army destroyed Pune. • Shahji Raje joined Mughal Service. 13 Shivaji’s Birth 14 Shahji’s Struggle • After Malik Ambar’s death Shahji again joined Nizamshahi. • Ruled Nizamshahi with puppet Badshah. • Mughal-Adilshahi allied forces annexed Nizamshah. • Shahji Raje again joined Adilshahi according to treaty. 15 Pune Re-established 16 Training 17 Idea of Hindavi Swarajya • 1640 A.D. Shivaji married Saibai. • Visited Bangaluru to meet Shahji Raje. • Heard about condition of Vijaynagar Empire. • Expressed desire of establish independent kingdom to his father. • Shahji Raje appointed important Ministers & Sardars for Shivaji’s service in Pune. 18 Friends 19 Judgement 20 Oath of Swarajya 21 Trusted Friends • Baji Pasalkar • Yesaji Kank • Suryaji Kakade • Baji Prabhu Deshpande • Tanaji Malusare • Moropant Pingale 22 Samartha Ramdas 23 Raj-Mudra 24 Torna Fort 25 Captured Ignored Forts • Torna • Rajgad (First Capital of Swarajya) • Chakan • Kondhana • Shirval 26 First Crisis on Swarajya • 1648 A.D. Afzal Khan & Baji Ghorpade captured Shahji Raje. • Condition to surrender all captured forts in exchange of Shahji’s release. • Fateh Khan was sent to Maharashtra to capture all forts. • Fateh Khan captured Shirval. 27 First War • Shivaji decided to confront Adilshahi army. • Moved with army to Purandar fort. • Used guerilla attacks for first time on Fateh Khan’s camp. • Fateh Khan attempted to attack Purandar, but was defeated. • Shivaji recaptured Shirval. 28 Political Steps • Imprisoned Shahji was brought to Bijapur. • Shivaji sent a letter to Shahjahan admitting his and Shahji’s loyalty to him. • Shahjahan pressurized to release Shahji. • Shahji was released on condition to surrender Kondhana. • Sonopant Dabir – Mastermind behind the strategy. 29 Political Steps.. • However, Shahji was stopped in Bijapur for 3 years. • In 3 years- – Shivaji established intelligence department. – Regularized Administration of extended territory. – Strengthened Army, Cavalry. – Developed Irrigation Plans. – Prepared Future Military Plans. • After 3 years Shahji Raje was sent to Bangaluru. • Shivaji raided Masur (Dharwad) – Warning to Adilshah. 30 Expansion of Swarajya 31 Jawali Conquered 32 Jawali Conquered.. • Ruler of Jawali – Chandrarao More, started disputes with Shivaji. • Shivaji sent his diplomat for negotiations. • More started to attack & claim region of Swarajya. • Kanhoji Jedhe, Sambhaji Kondhalkar & Raghunath Atre were sent to conquere Jawali. • January 1656 - More fled to Rairi fort – Jawali conquered. 33 Rairi Fort 34 Rairi Fort.. • Shivaji attacked Rairi. • Asked Chardrarao More to surrender & join Swarajya. • More surrendered, but secretly sent messages to Adilshah. • Shivaji killed More. • April 1656 - Rairi captured – Renamed as Raigad. 35 Construction of Pratapgad 36 Politics with Aurangzeb • March 1657 A.D. Shivaji’s diplomat Sonopant Dabir met Aurangzeb and submitted loyalty. • April 1657 A.D. Shivaji raided & looted Junnar & Ahmednagar Mughal regions with 3000 cavalry. • June 1657 A.D. Another diplomat Raghunathpant Korade met Aurangazeb – asked for apology. • Same year Aurangzeb returned to Delhi to seize throne. 37 Instability in Adilshahi • November 1656 A.D. Muhammad Adilshah died. • His wife Badi Begam started ruling Adilshahi with her son Ali Adilshah as puppet Badshah. • Afzal Khan trapped and killed Shivaji’s elder brother Sambhaji in the Battle of Kanakgiri. • May 1657 A.D. Saibai gave birth to son. He was named as Sambhaji. 38 Expansion of Borders • August 1657 Bapuji Mudgal Deshpande captured Kondhana • Raghunath Ballal Atre captured Dabhol. • Attempt to capture Murud-Janjira from Siddis failed. • Fresh troops were sent on the occasion of Vijayadashami on a mission. 39 Expansion of Borders.. • Kalyan & Bhivandi were captured on same day – Diwali , October 1657. • Around 40 forts were captured from Vijayadashami to Diwali. – Lohgad – Tung-Tikona – Lohgad – Karjat – Mahuli • Swarajya expanded outside Pune region – Konkan, Thane. 40 Foundation of Navy 41 Foundation of Navy.. • The coast line of the Konkan is broken by many creeks, offers excellent shelter for ships. • The rocky islands near the coast presented excellent sites for naval strongholds. • Shivaji realized the importance of Navy. • Naval Powers in Arabian Sea were – English, Portuguese, Siddis & Dutch 42 Foundation of Navy.. • January 1658 – Renovation of “Durgadi” fort near Kalyan Creek started. • Initially purchased vessels. • Ordered construction of Frigates - Warships. • Darya Sarang appointed as first Admiral. 43 Foundation of Navy.. Portuguese Governor's letter in August 1658 says, “a son of Shahaji, rebel against Adilshah, has captured the areas near Bassein (Vasai) & Chaul. He has grown strong. He has constructed some fighting vessels in the Bhiwandi, Kalyan & Panvel ports of the Bassein region. We are therefore forced to remain alert. We have ordered the Portuguese captain not to allow these vessels to come out of the ports & see that they do not move out on the seas.” 44 Konkan Expedition 45 Konkan Expedition.. • February 1658 – Shivaji entered Kokan (coastal) region with army. • April 1658 – Captured Chaul, Tale & Ghosale cities from Portuguese • Captured Vijaydurga. • Captured Kudal & Sawantwadi. • Lakham Sawant – Sawantwadi’s Ruler joined Swarajya. 46 Afzal Khan 47 Afzal Khan.. • 1659 – Badi Begum sent Afzal Khan to kill or arrest Shivaji. • Afzal Khan was very mighty, skilled and influential general in Adilshahi. • Instrumental in defeating many kingdoms in South India Shrirangapattan, Karnapuram, Belur, Kanchi, Madurai, Chiknayakanhalli, Shirepattan • Had treacherously killed Raja Kasturi Ranga after calling for treaty. 48 Afzal Khan.. • Afzal Khan was acompanied by- – 12000 cavalry, 10000 army, canons – Fazal Khan (son) – Siddi Hilal Khan – Baji Ghorpade – Naikaji Pandhare – Kalyanji Jadhav – Mambaji Bhosale – Sayyad Banda – Krishnaji Bhaskar Kulkarni (Diplomat) 49 Afzal Khan.. • Afzal tried to emotionally break Shivaji. • Destructed famous temples of – Tulja Bhavani (Tuljapur) – Vitthal (Pandharpur) • Captured Shivaji’s brother-in-law and converted him to Islam. • Afzal made his hault at Wai. • Shivaji did not react to any of actions. 50 Kanhoji Jedhe 51 Increasing Stress.. • Afzal Khan captured- – Pune – Supe – Saswad – Shirwal • Shivaji shifted to Pratapgad. • Saibai passed away due to illness. • Shivaji sent his diplomat Pantaji Gopinath Bokil to Afzal Khan. 52 Diplomacy • Pantaji Bokil assured safety to Afzal Khan for coming to Pratapgad. • Pantaji Bokil collected crucial information from Afzal’s camp. • Afzal decided to meet Shivaji near Pratapgad with army. • Date of meeting finalized – 10th November 1659. 53 Strategies against Afzal 54 Preparation of Meeting • Netaji Palkar was sent towards south of Pratapgad with troop of 5000 soldiers. • Another 5000 soldiers were spread in Jawali forest at critical positions. • Afzal was unknowingly trapped in the forest. • Shamiyana was built near Pratapgad. 55 Preparation of Meeting.. • Shivaji sent one of his commander – Dauloji to Rajapur to catch Afzal’s ships. • Four commanders were sent to capture Pune, Supe, Shirwal & Saswad. • All commanders were appointed at different locations in Jawali Forest. • In case of unfortunate incident, all were ordered to fight under Netaji Palkar’s leadership. 56 Wagh Nakha – Tiger Claws 57 Day of Meeting • Shivaji & Afzal arrived with their selected bodyguards. • Shivaji’s Bodyguards- Sambhaji Kavaji, Jeeva Mahala, Siddi Ibrahim Khan, Yesaji Kank, Krishnaji Gayakwad • Afzal’s Bodyguards- Sayyad Banda, Abdul Rahim Khan, Pilaji Mohite, Shankaraji Mohite, Ambar Khan 58 Meeting with Afzal Khan 59 Counterattack 60 Afzal Assasinated • Sayyad Banda tried to attack Shivaji, Jeeva Mahala cut his hand and head. • Sambhaji Kavaji beheaded Afzal Khan while trying to flee. • Krishnaji Bhaskar and Mambaji Bhosale were killed. Other bodyguards surrendered. • Cannons fired from Pratapgad – Indication for troops hiding in surrounding forest. 61 New Mission 62 New Mission.. • Next day Shivaji attacked and captured Wai. • Netaji Palkar conquered Miraj, raided till borders of Bijapur. • Shivaji conquered Karad, Satara, reached near Kolhapur. • 25th November 1659 Shivaji captured Kolhapur. • 29th November 1659 Panhala captured. 63 Battle of Kolhapur • Adilshah sent Rustamejama to re- capture Panhala. • Netaji Palkar joined Shivaji at Panhalgad. • Both armies clashed at
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  • Maratha Empire

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    Maratha Empire It is the people of the country that define that country. There are many empires and dynasties in India that are a part of India’s rich and varied history. These empires and dynasties have undoubtedly played a major role in the betterment and development of India as a country. They have contributed in making India what it is today. They are our nation’s pride, which we as citizens ought to celebrate, respect and remember, for they have made us who we are today. One such empire is the grandiose and large Maratha Empire. The Maratha Empire as a consolidated Empire ruled over a large portion of the Indian subcontinent from the 18th century. It formally began ruling as a consolidated power under the rule of Chhatrapati Shivaji who ascended the throne in 1674. He was of the Bhosale dynasty. This great sovereign is considered by historians to be the founder of the Maratha Empire. Chhatrapati Shivaji revolted against the Adil Shahi sultanate of Bijapur as well as the Mughal Empire. His goal was to free the Marathi people and establish a separate Hindu Kingdom for them, which was based on the lines of self- rule. Later, he started consolidating lands under his control and established a kingdom with its capital as Raigadh. By the time of his death, his kingdom had about 300 forts, 40,000 cavalry, 50,000 foot soldiers and powerful naval establishments all over the west coast. Thus, he founded the Maratha Empire, and laid the base for it to become one of the greatest Empires India has ever seen.
  • Shivaji the Founder of Maratha Swaraj

    Shivaji the Founder of Maratha Swaraj

    26 B. I. S. M. Puraskrita Grantha Mali, No. SHIVAJI THE FOUNDER OF MARATHA SWARAJ BY C. V. VAIDYA, M. A., LL. B. Fellow, University of Bombay, Vice-Ctianct-llor, Tilak University; t Bharat-Itihasa-Shamshndhak Mandal, Poona* POON)k 1931 PRICE B8. 3 : B. Printed by S. R. Sardesai, B. A. LL. f at the Navin ' * Samarth Vidyalaya's Samarth Bharat Press, Sadoshiv Peth, Poona 2. BY THE SAME AUTHOR : Price Rs* as. Mahabharat : A Criticism 2 8 Riddle of the Ramayana ( In Press ) 2 Epic India ,, 30 BOMBAY BOOK DEPOT, BOMBAY History of Mediaeval Hindu India Vol. I. Harsha and Later Kings 6 8 Vol. II. Early History of Rajputs 6 8 Vol. 111. Downfall of Hindu India 7 8 D. B. TARAPOREWALLA & SONS History of Sanskrit Literature Vedic Period ... ... 10 ARYABHUSHAN PRESS, POONA, AND BOOK-SELLERS IN BOMBAY Published by : C. V. Vaidya, at 314. Sadashiv Peth. POONA CITY. INSCRIBED WITH PERMISSION TO SHRI. BHAWANRAO SHINIVASRAO ALIAS BALASAHEB PANT PRATINIDHI,B.A., Chief of Aundh In respectful appreciation of his deep study of Maratha history and his ardent admiration of Shivaji Maharaj, THE FOUNDER OF MARATHA SWARAJ PREFACE The records in Maharashtra and other places bearing on Shivaji's life are still being searched out and collected in the Shiva-Charitra-Karyalaya founded by the Bharata- Itihasa-Samshodhak Mandal of Poona and important papers bearing on Shivaji's doings are being discovered from day to day. It is, therefore, not yet time, according to many, to write an authentic lifetof this great hero of Maha- rashtra and 1 hesitated for some time to undertake this work suggested to me by Shrimant Balasaheb Pant Prati- nidhi, Chief of Aundh.