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Fondazione Memoriale This publication has been made possible thanks to the contribution of della Shoah Guides What the Memorial is Fondazione Memoriale della Shoah was founded in 2007 with the objective of creating a “workshop of memory” in Milan. The final plans, by Morpurgo de Curtis Architetti The nonprofit organization Milano Loves You was founded SHOAH Associati, were presented in 2008 on the occasion of in 2012 by the publishers of “Where® Milan” with the the agreement signed between the Ferrovie dello Stato purpose of publicizing and promoting on the international MEMORIAL (Italian State Railways) and the Fondazione Memoriale level the excellence of the Milan area in tourism, culture della Shoah. The first stone was laid on 26 January 2010 and commerce. and the “heart” of the Memorial was inaugurated on 27 OF MILAN January 2013: entrance hall, Wall of Indifference, access www.milanolovesyou.com ramp, Place of Reflection, four original railcars restored by the Milan section of the Italian Railway Engineers, stone The Memorial to the Shoah of Milan has been created in a plaques recording the dates and destinations of the hidden part of the Central Station, beneath the main track level, deportation trains, and the spiral stairway to the sublevel originally designed for loading and unloading the mail with where the auditorium and public facilities are located. “Where® Milan” is an integrated communication tool for direct access from Via Ferrante Aporti. Between 1943 and 1945, Work is still in progress on the library, the permanent reaching international visitors in Milan. far from prying eyes, this was where hundreds of deportees – installations, the support facilities and the north entrance. Where® is the trademark of the international group most of them Jews – were forced onto livestock cars. With their MVP-Morris Visitor Publications of Augusta (Georgia), human cargo, these cars were then rolled into a huge elevator world leader in visitor publishing. and lifted up to the rail yard above. Positioned on the tracks, the A DONATION TO COMPLETE THE MEMORIAL cars were then assembled into trains, ready to depart for the You can donate by www.wheremilan.com – [email protected] concentration camps (Bergen Belsen), Italian deportation camps – credit transfer to: (Fossoli or Bolzano) or death camps (Auschwitz-Birkenau). Fondazione Memoriale della Shoah di Milano ONLUS The site of the Milan Memorial is unique among places of the account at Banca Prossima Shoah in Europe in that it has remained substantially unchanged IBAN: IT87L 0335901600100000119090 from its original form. The Memorial was designed by the studio Please write on the payment memo if you do not want your Morpurgo de Curtis Architetti Associati with the idea of creating name listed among the contributors to the Memorial. MLY_Guides - Shoah Memorial of Milan a space that “reminds us to remember”, rendering homage to – By Paypal or credit card: Supplement to “Where® Milan” the victims of the slaughter and representing a living, dialectical www.memorialeshoah.it/english/form.php Reg. Trib. Milano n. 453, 19 July 2010. space in which the tragedy of the Shoah can be actively re- Managing Editor: Andrea Jarach elaborated. Editing and layout: Proedi Editore It is a place of commemoration, but also a space for building Via E. Biondi 1 - 20154 Milano WITH THE PATRONAGE OF: AND THE SUPPORT OF: the future and promoting civil coexistence. A place of study, WITH THE PATRONAGE OF: AND THE SUPPORT OF: www.proedi.it WITH THE PATRONAGE OF: AND THE SUPPORT OF: research and exchange, a memorial for those who were, for WITH THE PATRONAGE OF: AND THE SUPPORT OF: WITH THE PATRONAGE OF: AND THE SUPPORT OF: English translations: Robert Burns those who are, and especially for those who will come. for Language Consulting Congressi – Milan – Italy FOUNDING MEMBERS: FOUNDING MEMBERS: Printed by: Graphicscalve, loc. Ponte Formello FOUNDING MEMBERS: FOUNDING MEMBERS: 24020 Vilminore di Scalve (BG) FOUNDING MEMBERS: WHERE WE ARE, HOW TO GET THERE, Production: March 2015 CONTACT INFO Piazza Edmond J. Safra 1 (formerly Via Ferrante Aporti 3) M2-M3 Stazione Centrale stop, M2 Caiazzo stop, SUPPORTERS AND SPONSORS: Buses n. 90-91 or 92 SUPPORTERS AND SPONSORS: BERNARDO FAMIGLIA SUPPORTERS AND SPONSORS: www.memorialeshoah.it SUPPORTERS AND SPONSORS:CAPROTTI NISSIM SUPPORTERS AND SPONSORS:BERNARDO FAMIGLIA FOR FURTHER STUDY BERNARDOCAPROTTI FAMIGLIANISSIM [email protected] CAPROTTIBERNARDO NISSIMFAMIGLIA CAPROTTIBERNARDO NISSIMFAMIGLIA CAPROTTI NISSIM – Liliana Picciotto, Il Libro della Memoria. Gli ebrei deportati dall’Italia [email protected] (1943-1945). Study by the Fondazione Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea, Mursia, Milan, 3rd ed. 2002; – Dario Barezzi, Mariella Zanetti, Fratelli d’Italia? A film to convey history, HOURS: TECHNICAL SPONSORS: Individuals and groups: TECHNICAL SPONSORS: Proedi Editore and Moving Image, Milan 2009; TECHNICAL SPONSORS: – Various authors, Fratelli d’Italia? History, Stories, Words. Without reservations Mondays, 10-8pm (last admission TECHNICAL SPONSORS: TECHNICAL SPONSORS: Guide for teachers, Proedi Editore, Milan 2009 (also an eBook); 19:00). Guided tour at 6.30pm. – Various authors, Auschwitz, Proedi Editore, Milan 2006; – Various authors, Convoglio RSHA, Proedi Editore, Milan 2005 (also an eBook). With reservations (coordinamento.memoriale@ memorialeshoah.it): the last Sunday of every month. PROEDI EDITORE CHANNEL ON YOUTUBE: PARTNERS: PROJECT: Binario 21 (Track 21) Schools: PARTNERS: PROJECT: Interview with Liliana Segre Piazza Edmond J. Safra 1 PARTNERS: PROJECT: With reservations ([email protected]): PARTNERS: PROJECT: Interview with Goti Bauer formerly Via Ferrante Aporti 3 PARTNERS: PROJECT: Wednesday and Thursday mornings. Fratelli d’Italia? A film to convey history. www.memorialeshoah.it Sesto San Giovann FSi Cormano I T S E T PARCO NORD SESTO SAN GIOVANNI BRESSO Cormano Brusuglio IO Sesto Rondò ANGENZIALE NORD T LV U F LE IA V RHO Comasina Bruzzano NOVATE Bignami 500 m TORINO MILANO A8 MILANO LA A4 500 m Sesto Marelli A Rho A.V./S.F.R. I Z T GHI Affori FNM Ponale S E ON T M Colo PARCO NORD Affori FNM V IA E IO GI AL Rho Fiera UDIT LV U VI Quarto Oggiaro F T A I P NT A O V EI C IA O ST D A ARBAR LIA RG LE A SB BIG AN VI A INI LIO IA IA BRUSUGV V I VI A AL LI E E V Villa San Giovanni O S AN CH PERIA Z VIA I AN Bicocca VI C I TEATRO A A V I LINI N IA ARCIMBOLDI R O TA HIE L O G ORINO MILANO E A VOC RME PE D RE T N A4 N VI A A G E O I O OROVIUS V M V T L A N IA I VIA L E V RO I E O . V E MA T I Z I N I JO À Z A Affori Centro GR I R I R V MO AZ DA A L H O C VIA SEMERI V VI A IA I A A N O O E O I R I NA O L T V V HI A O D R C T I ST RI V AG IA DON C AN T ZUO A A A I V R R Z P SL IA P A G E O R Greco IA GILINO P N M IA CC V B N R IA BALZ V O I VIA CI M B A O A A A I ONIGI C VIA L C O V V Z C ÜK O N EL A A IA C DEI I V V A A V U VI Z NI I I VIAI ZAMBRI I R V I E V H NI A CI PirelliI AS T M A I DU A A IN A V S A R A I Z R V R IN VI E R H V A V Z A L E I I B TI È I ’ V O PORR B A A A A TI L VIA SA C NA A S DE R O I N C LI NO SELL O V L VIA P P A G O R TE Precotto A A R I M I I C A A S IP I VI A I C S ON O V A L I A . VI A A DON I LUIGI GU ANELLA V VIA S T V V S C VI A V E G E N I B V S I I O A T R E SI R . T OL I P T V IA DE E L R G A POMPEO A E A A V I VI O I E E E O CO CA EMM A I FI E VIA FRATELLI BRE N L L DI SSAN N C LL V IA S A VA D VI V I M L A U NO V E A T R VI A A A S I I VE NON P V T L DI O R A I I AN A A VIA VA BA R A CALIER P L O N A MO I V A A O Cascina Gobba A I E A S SAN L VI L G O O Pero V V T E IO S O S C R VI Z A RD Z IA R S A ED L I I CO N I A A IC R R GL VA A E B V ON RI I O A L U Z R CAM EL MAIR A R G D M L VAL D D V V ALDINI I VIA PIAZZALE I . A F Z SI ER OD OTO A IA C R A B VI V V E I B AN IA A A A MARTESAN O E C L IA T E L OZ A N I A VIA CH T O O VI I C LI M A S O VI A VIA A E A G ON L A VI I D À I V U L I RE B A A A D E V MIL .
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  • The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 Ii Introduction Introduction Iii

    The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 Ii Introduction Introduction Iii

    Introduction i The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 ii Introduction Introduction iii The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930 –1965 Michael Phayer INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS Bloomington and Indianapolis iv Introduction This book is a publication of Indiana University Press 601 North Morton Street Bloomington, IN 47404-3797 USA http://www.indiana.edu/~iupress Telephone orders 800-842-6796 Fax orders 812-855-7931 Orders by e-mail [email protected] © 2000 by John Michael Phayer All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and re- cording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of Ameri- can University Presses’ Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Perma- nence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Phayer, Michael, date. The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 / Michael Phayer. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-253-33725-9 (alk. paper) 1. Pius XII, Pope, 1876–1958—Relations with Jews. 2. Judaism —Relations—Catholic Church. 3. Catholic Church—Relations— Judaism. 4. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945) 5. World War, 1939– 1945—Religious aspects—Catholic Church. 6. Christianity and an- tisemitism—History—20th century. I. Title. BX1378 .P49 2000 282'.09'044—dc21 99-087415 ISBN 0-253-21471-8 (pbk.) 2 3 4 5 6 05 04 03 02 01 Introduction v C O N T E N T S Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi 1.