Redescription of the Holotypes of Mygalarachnae Ausserer 1871 And

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Redescription of the Holotypes of Mygalarachnae Ausserer 1871 And ARTÍCULO: Redescription of the holotypes of Mygalarachnae Ausserer 1871 and Harpaxictis Simon (1892) (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with rebuttal of their synonymy with Sericopelma Ausserer 1875. Ray Gabriel and Stuart.J. Longhorn ARTÍCULO: Abstract: Redescription of the holotypes of The examination of specimens from various Neotropical tarantula genera (The- Mygalarachnae Ausserer 1871 and raphosidae) indicated the unique nature of monotypic genera Mygalarachnae Harpaxictis Simon (1892) (Araneae: Ausserer 1871 and Harpaxictis Simon 1892. Review of the both holotypes leads Theraphosidae) with rebuttal of their us to argue that Mygalarachnae and Harpaxictis should be removed from their synonymy with Sericopelma current synonymy with Sericopelma Ausserer 1875. The presence of type I and Ausserer 1875. III urticating hairs on the holotype specimen of Mygalarachnae firmly place it in the subfamily Theraphosinae and we argue should be restored as a valid genus, Ray Gabriel so that current placement of “incertae sedis” is inappropriate. The identity of Hope Entomological Collections, Harpaxictis striatus is less certain, but here removed from synonymy with Seri- Oxford University Museum of Natural copelma, and due to a lack of other diagnostic features is suggested as nomen History, Parks Road, Oxford, dubium. Possible affinities of Mygalarachne with other valid genera of Thera- Oxon, England, OX1 3PW, UK. phosinae are briefly discussed. Key words: Sericopelma, Tarantula. Mygalarachne brevipes, Harpaxictis striatus, Stuart.J. Longhorn Taxonomy: Mygalarachne brevipes comb. rev., Harpaxictis striatus comb. rev. Dept. of Entomology. The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, Redescripción de los holotipos de Mygalarachnae Ausserer 1871 UK. y Harpaxictis Simon (1892) rechazando su sinonímia con Dept. of Biology. Sericopelma Ausserer 1875. National University of Ireland, Maynooth. Co. Kildare, Ireland (Eire). Email: [email protected] Resumen: El estudio de los ejemplares de varios géneros de tarántulas Neotropicales Revista Ibérica de Aracnología (Theraphosidae) indican la naturaleza única de los géneros monotípicos Mygala- ISSN: 1576 - 9518. rachnae Ausserer 1871 y Harpaxictis Simon 1892. La revisión de ambos holoti- Dep. Legal: Z-2656-2000. pos nos lleva a proponer que Mygalarachnae y Harpaxictis no son sinonimias de Vol. 19 Sericopelma Ausserer 1875. La presencia de pelos urticantes tipo I y III en el Sección: Artículos y Notas. holotipo de Mygalarachnae apoya claramente su adscripción a la subfamilia Pp: 157−165 Theraphhosinae y, por tanto, su actual ubicación como "incertae sedis" es in- Fecha de publicación: 15-Febrero-2011 adecuada y debe ser restaurada como género válido. Aunque no es una sino- nímia de Sericopelma, la identidad de Harpaxictis striatus es incierta, y a falta de Edita: otras características diagnósticas proponemos considerarla como nomen du- Grupo Ibérico de Aracnología (GIA) bium. Se discuten brevemente las posibles afinidades de Mygalarachne con Grupo de trabajo en Aracnología otros géneros válidos de Theraphosinae. de la Sociedad Entomológica Palabras clave: Sericopelma, Tarantula. Mygalarachne brevipes, Harpaxictis striatus, Aragonesa (SEA) Taxonomía: : Mygalarachne brevipes comb. rev., Harpaxictis striatus comb. rev. Avda. Radio Juventud, 37 50012 Zaragoza (ESPAÑA) Tef. 976 324415 Introduction Fax. 976 535697 C-elect.: [email protected] The genus Mygalarachne was established in 1871 for a new tarantula spider Director: Carles Ribera with notably short legs collected in Honduras. Only the female was descri- C-elect.: [email protected] bed, and named M. brevipes Ausserer 1871. This species was initially placed as a sub-genus of Acanthoscurria Koch 1842, though soon given full generic Indice, resúmenes, abstracts, vols. status by Simon who further distinguished the large robust chelicerae and publicados: http://gia.sea-entomologia.org/jour_ lack of femoral scopula (Simon 1892). The distinction was supported in intro_es.html subsequent revisions (Pickard-Cambridge 1897, Petrunkevitch 1911). In the Página web GIA: same original publication, Ausserer also erected the genus Harpaxibius for http://gia.sea-entomologia.org the Venezuelan species H. striatus Ausserer 1871 (supposedly also based on a female or unsexed juvenile as no adult male characters are given), and Página web SEA: initially erected as a subgenus of the poorly defined Crypsidromus. Full ge- http://www.sea-entomologia.org 158 Ray Gabriel and Stuart.J. Longhorn neric status of Harpaxibius was also supported by 1985, p 158). A few years previously, Lucas 1981 had Simon 1892 under the replacement name Harpaxictis diagnosed a new genus Nhandu from Brazil, with the striatus (Ausserer 1871), as the preoccupied Harpaxi- description of a single species N. carapoensis. Like bius referred to an unassigned Hymenoptera. Much Sericopelma, this species also lacks tibial apophyses in later, after examining the NHMV holotypes of both H. mature males, and lacks stridulatory hairs on prolateral striatus and M. brevipes in a seminal revision of myga- coxae I or II (Lucas, 1981). Furthermore females are lomorph spiders, Raven (1985) concluded the genera characterized by the presence of retrolateral scopulae on Harpaxictis and Mygalarachne were synonymous, as femur IV (Bertani 2001), another attribute reportedly these did not “differ in any characters of generic signifi- diagnostic of Sericopelma, but actually plesiomorphic cance”. However, no further discussion of the evaluated for several theraphosinae genera (Bertani 2001, p315). character set was given, except the key “clypeus narrow In the revision of Raven (1985), Mygalarachne or absent, tibia of males without spur (though this char- (=Sericopelma) and Nhandu were also considered syn- acter cannot be determined on holotypes), one broad onymous, “because it [Nhandu] differs insufficiently indistinct spermathecal receptacula” (Raven 1985, p from Sericopelma (=Mygalarachne) in the conformation 119). of the palpal bulb” (Page 156/157), while the absence of Previously, Ausserer 1875 had also established the sub- retrolateral femoral scopulae in Mygalarachne was genus Sericopelma to house the male of new species considered a reversal. from Chiriquí province in Panama without tibial This proposed synonymy between Nhandu and Seri- apophyses (“durch die unbewaffnete tibia I des man- copelma was rejected by Schmidt (1989), so that My- nes”), which he named S. rubronitens. Sericopelma was galarachne retained status as the senior synonym for originally a subgenus of Eurypelma, but was later given Sericopelma containing Harpaxictis (after Raven 1985; full generic status (Simon 1891). This initial description Schmidt 1990a, 1990b). After examining the holotype was soon followed by Karsch 1880 who described an- specimen of Mygalarachnae, Lucas et al 1991 con- other species from Chiriquí Panama, named Theraphosa cluded it was a juvenile female without characteristics panamana, also without tibial apophyses (“ohne dorn- that could place it in any genera or species. Conse- fortsatz” in Karsh 1880) but without examination of quently, Mygalarachnae was declared “incertae sedis” Ausserer’s type. Soon after, Simon in 1892 on examin- thus leaving only Harpaxictis as a junior synonym of the ing another male specimen from Chiriquí Panama, restored Sericopelma. Schmidt (1993) states that My- placed both his un-described specimen and that of galarachnae was retransferred to the “Ischnocolinae Karsch into synonymy with Ausserer’s Sericopelma incertae sedis”, although Lucas et al. 1991 do not men- rubronitens. Simon 1892 also emphasized the lack of tion any characteristics to suggest Mygalarachne should male tibial apophyses to define Sericopelma (“l'absence be placed into the poorly defined subfamily Ischnocoli- d’eperons aux tibias antérieurs des males”). In 1897, nae. Currently, Mygalarachne brevipes is listed as either Pickard-Cambridge described a second species also incertae cedis (Lucas et al 1991; Huber, Samm and from the same location in Panama, he named Seri- Schmidt 1996) or as nomen dubium without justification copelma commune. The genus Sericopelma expanded (Schmidt 2003, as Platnick 2010). The current status of with the description of Sericopelma fallax Mello-Leitão H. striatus is more ambiguous. Huber, Samm and 1923 from Brazil, based on another single male speci- Schmidt (1996) simply list it as nomen obscurum with- men without tibial apophyses. With the exception of a out justification, while later catalogues cursorily add possible species of Sericopelma from Nicaragua (Schia- that only the prosoma remains (Schmidt 2003). Yet, the pelli and Gerschman, 1967), the genus remained stable species generally remains listed as the valid Sericopelma until Valerio 1980 described seven new species from striatum (Ausserer, 1871) (i.e. Platnick 2010). Other Costa Rica, namely S. upala, S. dota, S. ferugineum, S. studies including cladistic analyses have not supported generala, S. immensum, S. melanotarsum, and S. sylvi- the synonymy of Nhandu and Sericopelma, with their cola Valerio 1980. Here, the genus Sericopelma was distinction supported by several characters including the characterized by the presence of a dense cushion of shape of palpal bulb and spermathecae (Pérez-Miles et plumose hair on the inner face of femur IV, and absence al. 1996; Bertani 2001, and accordingly listed as sepa- of stridulatory setae on trochanter I, nor scopula on leg rate genera in Platnick 2010). IV metatarsus, in addition to the absence
Recommended publications
  • Zootaxa, Megaphobema Teceae N. Sp. (Araneae, Theraphosidae)
    Zootaxa 1115: 61–68 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1115 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Megaphobema teceae n. sp. (Araneae, Theraphosidae), a new theraphosine spider from Brazilian Amazonia FERNANDO PÉREZ-MILES1, LAURA T. MIGLIO2 & ALEXANDRE B. BONALDO2 1Seccíon Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay. E-mail: [email protected] 2Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376, Caixa Postal 399, 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract A new species from Juruti River Plateau, Juruti, Pará, Brazil that fits the generic characters of Megaphobema is described. Megaphobema teceae n. sp. differs from the other four species known in this genus mainly by the presence of a conspicuous post-ocular process. This is the first record of the genus to both oriental Amazon and Brazil. Keywords: Araneae, Theraphosidae, Megaphobema, Brazilian Amazon, Neotropical, Taxonomy Introduction The genus Megaphobema Pocock 1901 comprises very large spiders from Central América (Costa Rica) and North-western South America (Colombia and Ecuador). Males are characterized by a palpal organ with a very wide concave-convex embolus with prolateral superior and inferior keels, and apical and prolateral accessory keels. The prolateral accessory keels are also present in males Sericopelma Ausserer 1875 but they can be distinguished from Megaphobema by the absence of a tibial apophysis. Females have one spermathecal receptacle transversely striated the synapomorphy of Megaphobema + Sericopelma + Theraphosa Thorell 1870. The genus has both Type I and III urticating hairs. Using these characters among others, this genus was placed in the apical portion of the cladogram of the Theraphosinae (Pérez-Miles et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Haemolymph Analysis of Nhandu Chromatus Tarantulas — Biochemical Parameters
    DOI: 10.1515/FV-2016-0029 FOLIA VETERINARIA, 60, 3: 47—53, 2016 THE FIRST HAEMOLYMPH ANALYSIS OF NHANDU CHROMATUS TARANTULAS — BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS Muir, R. E., Halán, M. Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Košice The Slovak Republic [email protected] ABSTRACT originally proposed for this investigation are based on 2 separate feeding regimes, differing in terms of feed Tarantulas are a relatively unstudied category of quantity and the effect on the aforementioned biochemi- invertebrate which are popular with hobbyists and in- cal parameters. Upon receipt of the biochemical results creasingly used in laboratory research. As their pres- from the first sampling, it became apparent that unex- ence in the veterinary setting is limited, very little is pected correlations could be made between the stage of known about the biochemistry of their haemolymph as ecdysis, susceptibility to anaesthesia and the total pro- obtained by in house sampling and analysis. A handful tein levels in the haemolymph. Those that were due to of studies have been performed to attempt to establish shed imminently, indicated by cessation in feeding, had a normal range for certain parameters in healthy mem- recognisably and significantly higher total protein levels bers of a few particular species, but that is the extent of and reached a better level of anaesthesia in less time. Ad- the current research. In this study, 12 tarantulas of the ditional samplings are planned in the future to specify Nhandu chromatus species purchased as immature sib- more definitive parameters. The observations made in- lings and kept under standardised conditions for 2.5 advertently so far could constitute novel information years were anaesthetised with isoflurane and had 0.2 ml and be practically useful to tarantula enthusiasts and of haemolymph sampled and analysed for: total protein, anaesthetists, and therefore, potentially of high clinical glucose, calcium, phosphorous and uric acid.
    [Show full text]
  • Tarantulas and Social Spiders
    Tarantulas and Social Spiders: A Tale of Sex and Silk by Jonathan Bull BSc (Hons) MSc ICL Thesis Presented to the Institute of Biology of The University of Nottingham in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Nottingham May 2012 DEDICATION To my parents… …because they both said to dedicate it to the other… I dedicate it to both ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank my supervisor Dr Sara Goodacre for her guidance and support. I am also hugely endebted to Dr Keith Spriggs who became my mentor in the field of RNA and without whom my understanding of the field would have been but a fraction of what it is now. Particular thanks go to Professor John Brookfield, an expert in the field of biological statistics and data retrieval. Likewise with Dr Susan Liddell for her proteomics assistance, a truly remarkable individual on par with Professor Brookfield in being able to simplify even the most complex techniques and analyses. Finally, I would really like to thank Janet Beccaloni for her time and resources at the Natural History Museum, London, permitting me access to the collections therein; ten years on and still a delight. Finally, amongst the greats, Alexander ‘Sasha’ Kondrashov… a true inspiration. I would also like to express my gratitude to those who, although may not have directly contributed, should not be forgotten due to their continued assistance and considerate nature: Dr Chris Wade (five straight hours of help was not uncommon!), Sue Buxton (direct to my bench creepy crawlies), Sheila Keeble (ventures and cleans where others dare not), Alice Young (read/checked my thesis and overcame her arachnophobia!) and all those in the Centre for Biomolecular Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemolymph and Hemocytes of Tarantula Spiders: Physiological Roles and Potential As Sources of Bioactive Molecules
    In: Advances in Animal Science and Zoology. Volume 8 ISBN: 978-1-63483-552-7 Editor: Owen P. Jenkins © 2015 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted commercially in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Chapter 8 HEMOLYMPH AND HEMOCYTES OF TARANTULA SPIDERS: PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES AND POTENTIAL AS SOURCES OF BIOACTIVE MOLECULES Tatiana Soares, Thiago H. Napoleão, Felipe R. B. Ferreira and Patrícia M. G. Paiva∗ Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil ABSTRACT Arachnids compose the most important and numerous group of chelicerates and include spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks. Some arachnids have a worldwide distribution and can live for more than two decades. This is in part due to their efficient defense system, with an innate immunity that acts as a first line of protection against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens. The adaptive success of the spiders stimulates the study of their defense mechanisms at cellular and molecular levels with both biological and biotechnological purposes. The hemocytes (plasmatocytes, cyanocytes, granulocytes, prohemocytes, and leberidocytes) of spiders are responsible for phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation of pathogens as well as produce substances that mediate humoral mechanisms such as antimicrobial peptides and factors involved in the coagulation of hemolymph and melanization of microorganisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Arachnides 55
    The electronic publication Arachnides - Bulletin de Terrariophile et de Recherche N°55 (2008) has been archived at http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/ (repository of University Library Frankfurt, Germany). Please include its persistent identifier urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-371590 whenever you cite this electronic publication. ARACHNIDES BULLETIN DE TERRARIOPHILIE ET DE RECHERCHES DE L’A.P.C.I. (Association Pour la Connaissance des Invertébrés) 55 DECEMBRE 2008 ISSN 1148-9979 1 EDITORIAL Voici le second numéro d’Arachnides depuis sa reparution. Le numéro 54 a été bien reçu par les lecteurs, sa version électronique facilitant beaucoup sa diffusion (rapidité et gratuité !). Dans ce numéro 55, de nombreux articles informent sur de nouvelles espèces de Theraphosidae ainsi qu’un bilan des nouvelles espèces de scorpions pour l’année 2007. Les lecteurs qui auraient des articles à soumettre, peuvent nous les faire parvenir par courrier éléctronique ou à l’adresse de l’association : DUPRE, 26 rue Villebois Mareuil, 94190 Villeneuve St Geoges. Une version gratuite est donc disponible sur Internet sur simple demande par l’intermédiaire du courrier électronique : [email protected]. Les annonces de parution sont relayées sur divers sites d’Internet et dans la presse terrariophile. L’A.P.C.I. vous annonce également que la seconde exposition Natures Exotiques de Verrières-le-Buisson aura lieu les 20 et 21 juin 2009. Dès que nous aurons la liste des exposants, nous en ferons part dans un futur numéro. Gérard DUPRE. E X O N A T U R E S I Mygales Q Scorpions U Insectes E Reptiles S Plantes carnivores Cactus.....
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Two New Species of Plesiopelma (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae) from Argentina
    374 Ferretti & Barneche Description of two new species of Plesiopelma (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae) from Argentina Nelson Ferretti & Jorge Barneche Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores CEPAVE (CCT- CONICET- La Plata) (UNLP), Calle 2 n°584, La Plata, Argentina. ([email protected]; [email protected]) ABSTRACT. Two new species of Plesiopelma Pocock, 1901 from northern Argentina are described and diagnosed based on males and habitat descriptions are presented. Males of Plesiopelma paganoi sp. nov. differ from most of species by the absence of spiniform setae on the retrolateral face of cymbium, aspect of the palpal bulb. Plesiopelma aspidosperma sp. nov. differs from most species of the genus by the presence of spiniform setae on the retrolateral face of cymbium and it can be distinguished from P. myodes Pocock, 1901, P. longisternale (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942) and P. rectimanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923) by the separated palpal bulb keels and basal nodule of metatarsus I very developed. It differs from P. minense (Mello-Leitão, 1943) by the shape of the palpal bulb and basal nodule on metatarsus I well developed. Specimens were captured in Salta province, Argentina, inhabiting high cloud forests of Yungas eco-region. KEYWORDS. Taxonomy, spiders, natural history, Neotropical, Yungas. RESUMEN. Descripción de dos nuevas especies de Plesiopelma (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae) de Argentina. Dos nuevas especies de Plesiopelma Pocock, 1901 del norte de Argentina son diferenciadas y se describen en base a ejemplares machos y se presentan descripciones de los ambientes. Machos de Plesiopelma paganoi sp. nov. difieren de la mayoría de las especies por la ausencia de setas espiniformes en la cara retrolateral del cymbium, por la forma del órgano palpar.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Analysis of Tarantulas in the Genus Brachypelma Using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR)
    Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU Senior Honors Theses & Projects Honors College 2020 Genetic analysis of tarantulas in the genus Brachypelma using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) Sarah Holtzen Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.emich.edu/honors Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Holtzen, Sarah, "Genetic analysis of tarantulas in the genus Brachypelma using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR)" (2020). Senior Honors Theses & Projects. 688. https://commons.emich.edu/honors/688 This Open Access Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Theses & Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Genetic analysis of tarantulas in the genus Brachypelma using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) Abstract There is a great deal of morphological and genetic species diversity on Earth that requires careful conservation. One such genetically diverse genus of tarantulas is that of Brachypelma. In this study, we employ a newer DNA fingerprinting technique known as Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), ot study the genetic variation among Brachypelma species and to determine if the invasive Brachypelma tarantula found in Florida B. vagans. Although B. vagans is a species protected under CITES Appendix II, this species has a wide distribution in Mexico and traits allowing for invasion to new habitats. It was hypothesized that the invasive tarantula in Florida is that of B. vagans and that it would be more closely related to samples from the Mexican populations as opposed to samples from the United States pet trade.
    [Show full text]
  • (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Miocene Chiapas Amber, Mexico
    XX…………………………………… ARTÍCULO: A fossil tarantula (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Miocene Chiapas amber, Mexico Jason A. Dunlop, Danilo Harms & David Penney ARTÍCULO: A fossil tarantula (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Miocene Chiapas amber, Mexico Jason A. Dunlop Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin D-10115 Berlin, Germany [email protected] Abstract: Danilo Harms A fossil tarantula (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) is described from Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für an exuvium in Tertiary (Miocene) Chiapas amber, Simojovel region, Chiapas Biologie, Chemie & Pharmazie State, Mexico. It is difficult to assign it further taxonomically, but it is the first Evolution und Systematik der Tiere mygalomorph recorded from Chiapas amber and only the second unequivocal Königin-Luise-Str. 1–3 record of a fossil theraphosid. With a carapace length of ca. 0.9 cm and an es- D-14195 Berlin, Germany timated leg span of at least 5 cm it also represents the largest spider ever re- [email protected] corded from amber. Of the fifteen currently recognised mygalomorph families, eleven have a fossil record (summarised here), namely: Atypidae, Antrodiaeti- David Penney dae, Mecicobothriidae, Hexathelidae, Dipluridae, Ctenizidae, Nemesiidae, Mi- Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental crostigmatidae, Barychelidae, Cyrtaucheniidae and Theraphosidae. Sciences. Key words: Araneae, Theraphosidae, Palaeontology, Miocene, amber, Chiapas, The University of Manchester Mexico. Manchester. M13 9PL, UK [email protected] Revista Ibérica de Aracnología ISSN: 1576 - 9518. Un fósil de tarántula (Araneae: Theraphosidae) en ambar del Dep. Legal: Z-2656-2000. Vol. 15, 30-VI-2007 mioceno de Chiapas, México. Sección: Artículos y Notas. Pp: 9 − 17. Fecha publicación: 30 Abril 2008 Resumen: Se describe una tarántula fósil a partir de una exuvia en ámbar del terciario Edita: (mioceno) de Chiapas, región de Simojovel, estado de Chiapas, Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Rossi Gf Me Rcla Par.Pdf (1.346Mb)
    RESSALVA Atendendo solicitação da autora, o texto completo desta dissertação será disponibilizado somente a partir de 28/02/2021. UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” Instituto de Biociências – Rio Claro Departamento de Zoologia Giullia de Freitas Rossi Taxonomia e biogeografia de aranhas cavernícolas da infraordem Mygalomorphae RIO CLARO – SP Abril/2019 Giullia de Freitas Rossi Taxonomia e biogeografia de aranhas cavernícolas da infraordem Mygalomorphae Dissertação apresentada ao Departamento de Zoologia do Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, como requisito para conclusão de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Paulo Leite Guadanucci RIO CLARO – SP Abril/2019 Rossi, Giullia de Freitas R832t Taxonomia e biogeografia de aranhas cavernícolas da infraordem Mygalomorphae / Giullia de Freitas Rossi. -- Rio Claro, 2019 348 f. : il., tabs., fotos, mapas Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro Orientador: José Paulo Leite Guadanucci 1. Aracnídeo. 2. Ordem Araneae. 3. Sistemática. I. Título. Sistema de geração automática de fichas catalográficas da Unesp. Biblioteca do Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro. Dados fornecidos pelo autor(a). Essa ficha não pode ser modificada. Dedico este trabalho à minha família. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço ao meus pais, Érica e José Leandro, ao meu irmão Pedro, minha tia Jerusa e minha avó Beth pelo apoio emocional não só nesses dois anos de mestrado, mas durante toda a minha vida. À José Paulo Leite Guadanucci, que aceitou ser meu orientador, confiou em mim e ensinou tudo o que sei sobre Mygalomorphae. Ao meu grande amigo Roberto Marono, pelos anos de estágio e companheirismo na UNESP Bauru, onde me ensinou sobre aranhas, e ao incentivo em ir adiante.
    [Show full text]
  • Husbandry Manual for Exotic Tarantulas
    Husbandry Manual for Exotic Tarantulas Order: Araneae Family: Theraphosidae Author: Nathan Psaila Date: 13 October 2005 Sydney Institute of TAFE, Ultimo Course: Zookeeping Cert. III 5867 Lecturer: Graeme Phipps Table of Contents Introduction 6 1 Taxonomy 7 1.1 Nomenclature 7 1.2 Common Names 7 2 Natural History 9 2.1 Basic Anatomy 10 2.2 Mass & Basic Body Measurements 14 2.3 Sexual Dimorphism 15 2.4 Distribution & Habitat 16 2.5 Conservation Status 17 2.6 Diet in the Wild 17 2.7 Longevity 18 3 Housing Requirements 20 3.1 Exhibit/Holding Area Design 20 3.2 Enclosure Design 21 3.3 Spatial Requirements 22 3.4 Temperature Requirements 22 3.4.1 Temperature Problems 23 3.5 Humidity Requirements 24 3.5.1 Humidity Problems 27 3.6 Substrate 29 3.7 Enclosure Furnishings 30 3.8 Lighting 31 4 General Husbandry 32 4.1 Hygiene and Cleaning 32 4.1.1 Cleaning Procedures 33 2 4.2 Record Keeping 35 4.3 Methods of Identification 35 4.4 Routine Data Collection 36 5 Feeding Requirements 37 5.1 Captive Diet 37 5.2 Supplements 38 5.3 Presentation of Food 38 6 Handling and Transport 41 6.1 Timing of Capture and handling 41 6.2 Catching Equipment 41 6.3 Capture and Restraint Techniques 41 6.4 Weighing and Examination 44 6.5 Transport Requirements 44 6.5.1 Box Design 44 6.5.2 Furnishings 44 6.5.3 Water and Food 45 6.5.4 Release from Box 45 7 Health Requirements 46 7.1 Daily Health Checks 46 7.2 Detailed Physical Examination 47 7.3 Chemical Restraint 47 7.4 Routine Treatments 48 7.5 Known Health Problems 48 7.5.1 Dehydration 48 7.5.2 Punctures and Lesions 48 7.5.3
    [Show full text]
  • Araneae (Spider) Photos
    Araneae (Spider) Photos Araneae (Spiders) About Information on: Spider Photos of Links to WWW Spiders Spiders of North America Relationships Spider Groups Spider Resources -- An Identification Manual About Spiders As in the other arachnid orders, appendage specialization is very important in the evolution of spiders. In spiders the five pairs of appendages of the prosoma (one of the two main body sections) that follow the chelicerae are the pedipalps followed by four pairs of walking legs. The pedipalps are modified to serve as mating organs by mature male spiders. These modifications are often very complicated and differences in their structure are important characteristics used by araneologists in the classification of spiders. Pedipalps in female spiders are structurally much simpler and are used for sensing, manipulating food and sometimes in locomotion. It is relatively easy to tell mature or nearly mature males from female spiders (at least in most groups) by looking at the pedipalps -- in females they look like functional but small legs while in males the ends tend to be enlarged, often greatly so. In young spiders these differences are not evident. There are also appendages on the opisthosoma (the rear body section, the one with no walking legs) the best known being the spinnerets. In the first spiders there were four pairs of spinnerets. Living spiders may have four e.g., (liphistiomorph spiders) or three pairs (e.g., mygalomorph and ecribellate araneomorphs) or three paris of spinnerets and a silk spinning plate called a cribellum (the earliest and many extant araneomorph spiders). Spinnerets' history as appendages is suggested in part by their being projections away from the opisthosoma and the fact that they may retain muscles for movement Much of the success of spiders traces directly to their extensive use of silk and poison.
    [Show full text]
  • Arachnides 78
    Arachnides n°78, 2016 ARACHNIDES BULLETIN DE TERRARIOPHILIE ET DE RECHERCHES DE L’A.P.C.I. (Association Pour la Connaissance des Invertébrés) 78 2016 0 Arachnides n°78, 2016 GRADIENTS DE LATITUDINALITÉ CHEZ LES SCORPIONS (ARACHNIDA: SCORPIONES). G. DUPRÉ Résumé. La répartition des communautés animales et végétales s'effectue selon un gradient latitudinal essentiellement climatique des pôles vers l'équateur. Les écosystèmes terrestres sont très variés et peuvent être des forêts boréales, des forêts tempérés, des forêts méditerranéennes, des déserts, des savanes ou encore des forêts tropicales. De nombreux auteurs admettent qu'un gradient de biodiversité s'accroit des pôles vers l'équateur (Sax, 2001; Boyero, 2006; Hallé, 2010). Nous avons tenté de vérifier ce fait pour les scorpions. Introduction. La répartition latitudinale des scorpions dans le monde se situe entre les latitudes 50° nord et 55° sud (Fig.1). Aucune étude n'a été entreprise pour préciser cette répartition à l'intérieur de ces limites. Ce vaste territoire englobe des biomes latitudinaux très différents y compris d'un continent à l'autre. Par exemple les zones désertiques en Australie ne sont pas situées aux mêmes latitudes que les zones désertiques africaines. A la même latitude on peut trouver la forêt tropicale amazonienne et la savane du Kénya, ce qui bien sûr implique une faune scorpionique écologiquement bien différente. Les résultats de cette étude sont présentés avec un certain nombre de difficultés discutées ci-après. Fig. 1. Carte de répartition mondiale des scorpions. Matériel et méthodes. L'étude a été arrêtée au 20 août 2016 donc sans tenir compte des espèces décrites après cette date.
    [Show full text]