Weather Investment

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Weather Investment Invest in the MEDA region, why, how ? Algeria Egypt / Israel / Jordan / Lebanon / Libya / Morocco / Palestinian Authority/ Syria / Tunisia / Turkey PAPERS & STUDIES n°22 April 2007 Collective work driven by Sonia Bessamra and Bénédict de Saint-Laurent Invest in the MEDA region, why how ? References This document has been produced within the context of a mission entrusted by the European Commission to the Invest in France Agency (AFII), assisted by the Istituto Nazionale per il Commercio Estero, ICE (Italy) and the Direction des Investissements, DI (Morocco), to develop a Euro‐Mediterranean Network of Mediterranean Investment Promotion Agencies (« ANIMA»). The n°of the contract is: ME8/B7‐4100/IB/99/0304. ISBN: 2‐915719‐28‐4 EAN 9782915719284 © AFII‐ANIMA 2007. Reproduction prohibited without the authorisation of the AFII. All rights reserved Authors This work is the second edition of a synopsis guide realised with contributions from various experts working under the ANIMA programme, especially for the writing of the project web site pages. The following authors have participated in the two editions: In 2006, Sonia Bessamra (free‐lance consultant) and Bénédict de Saint‐ Laurent (AFII) have fully updated the content, assisted by Pierre Henry, Amar Kaddouri, Emmanuel Noutary and Elsa Vachez (ANIMA team, translation, revisions); The former 2004 edition, which provides the guide frame, was directed by Bénédict de Saint‐Laurent (ANIMA, co‐ordination, synopsis, rewriting, data), Stéphane Jaffrin (ANIMA, on line implementation, some updates) and Christian Apothéloz (free‐lance consultant, co‐ordination), assisted by Alexandre Arditti, Delphine Bréant, Jean‐François Eyraud, Jean‐Louis Marcos, Laurent Mauron, Stéphanie Paicheler, Samar Smati, Nicolas Sridi et Jihad Yazigi (various thematic or country articles). The country pages have been read and amended by the investment promotion agencies of MEDA countries. ANIMA declines any responsibility on possible errors or inaccuracies. 3 Invest in the MEDA region, why how ? Contents Recent change in MEDA countries’ economic situation.................10 Overview..............................................................................................10 An appreciable growth.............................................................................. 10 Capital flows increase significantly......................................................... 13 Reforms and privatisation breakthrough ............................................... 15 Foreign investment growth ...................................................................... 16 Mid‐term macroeconomic review per country...............................19 The Euro‐Mediterranean partnership and the new neighbourhood policy ...........................................................................24 The Euro‐Mediterranean partnership and the MEDA programme ..........................................................................................24 The MEDA and FEMIP financial instruments and the institutional twinning.........................................................................28 The South‐South co‐operation...........................................................33 Business opportunities in MEDA countries......................................36 Algeria ..................................................................................................36 Overview..................................................................................................... 36 The National Investment Development Agency (ANDI)..................... 42 How to invest in Algeria........................................................................... 44 Finance & banking in Algeria................................................................... 48 Telecommunications & internet in Algeria............................................. 49 Business opportunities in Algeria............................................................ 51 Success Story: Orascom, 10 million subscribers in Algeria .................. 67 Egypt.....................................................................................................69 Overview..................................................................................................... 69 How to invest in Egypt?............................................................................ 78 Finance & banking in Egypt ..................................................................... 81 Telecommunications & internet in Egypt ............................................... 83 Business and investment opportunities in Egypt .................................. 87 4 Invest in the MEDA region, why how ? Success Story: The Dutch Heineken company brews 100 million litres of malted drinks every year............................................................ 97 Israel......................................................................................................99 Overview..................................................................................................... 99 Israel’s Investment Promotion Centre (IPC) ........................................ 103 How to invest in Israel ............................................................................ 104 Finance & banking in Israel .................................................................... 106 Telecommunications & internet in Israel.............................................. 108 Business and investment opportunities in Israel................................. 110 Success story: global high tech alliance Tel Aviv ‐ Grenoble............. 124 Jordan .................................................................................................126 General overview..................................................................................... 126 The Jordan Investment Board (JIB)........................................................ 132 How to invest in Jordan? ........................................................................ 134 Finance & banking in Jordan.................................................................. 137 Telecom & internet in Jordan ................................................................. 138 Business and investment opportunities in Jordan............................... 141 Success story: Land Rover makes a strategic all‐weather investment................................................................................................. 151 Lebanon..............................................................................................153 Overview................................................................................................... 153 The Investment Development Authority for Lebanon (IDAL).......... 162 How to invest in Lebanon....................................................................... 163 Finance & banking in Lebanon............................................................... 170 Telecom & internet in Lebanon.............................................................. 172 Business and investment opportunities in Lebanon ........................... 173 Success story: Ipsos polls the Middle East from Beirut ...................... 178 Libya ...................................................................................................180 Overview................................................................................................... 180 How to invest in Libya? .......................................................................... 188 The Libyan Foreign Investment Board (LFIB)...................................... 196 Financial & banking sector in Libya ...................................................... 198 5 Invest in the MEDA region, why how ? Telecommunication & Internet in Libya ............................................... 200 Business and Investment Opportunities in Libya ............................... 203 Morocco..............................................................................................221 Overview................................................................................................... 221 The Department of Investments (DI)..................................................... 227 How to invest in Morocco....................................................................... 229 Finance & banking in Morocco .............................................................. 233 Telecom & internet in Morocco.............................................................. 236 Business and investment opportunities in Morocco ........................... 238 Success story: Telefonica invades the Moroccan telecom market ..... 254 Palestinian Authority (West Bank and Gaza) ...............................256 Overview................................................................................................... 256 Palestine Investment Promotion Agency (PIPA)................................. 262 How to invest in the Palestinian Territories......................................... 264 Finance & banking in Palestine.............................................................. 266 Telecommunications & internet in Palestine........................................ 267 Business and investment opportunities in Palestine........................... 269 Success story: Watanyia Telecom believes in the power of communication......................................................................................... 283 Syria ....................................................................................................284
Recommended publications
  • Conditional Volatility of Most Active Shares of Casablanca Stock Exchange
    CONDITIONAL VOLATILITY OF MOST ACTIVE SHARES OF CASABLANCA STOCK EXCHANGE ABDELHAMID EL BOUHADI* 89, rue Al Azhar, Quartier Amerchich Marrakech, Maroc email address : [email protected] Summary Volatility plays an important role in the explanation of prices of securities and their derivatives as well as risk which are relative to them. The stock exchange of Casablanca constitutes a market meadow emergent of MEA zone for which the problem of volatility should not be underestimated for the causes of lack of the making in the order book. The introduction of the electronic system in 1998 allowed continuous quotation of a number restricted by securities liquidity of which does not seem even so important. We test in this paper the conditional volatility of a certain number of securities considered as active and which to be result from the MADEX index. Results show a certain asymmetric volatility of the major securities. The use of the asymmetric GARCH allowed us better to describe rough variations of prices provoked by large quantities traded in block market. These models throw back quadratic specification of the conditional variance lauded by GARCH standard models. Indeed, with regard to these last ones, exponential model GARCH and threshold GARCH have two advantages. While standard model GARCH puts that only the amplitude of shock and not the sign of the past residuals has an impact on the conditional variance, EGARCH and TGARCH models allows an asymmetric answer to shocks. Second advantage is that not conditional variance is discrete. Keywords Volatility ; Asymmetric GARCH ; None Linearity ; MADEX ; The Stock Exchange of Casablanca. JEL Classification: G14 VOLATILITÉ CONDITIONNELLE DES VALEURS LES PLUS ACTIVES DE LA BOURSE DE CASABLANCA Résumé La volatilité joue un rôle important dans l’explication des prix des titres et leurs dérivés ainsi que le risque qui leur sont afférents.
    [Show full text]
  • Energies Vertes Et Efficacité Énergétique
    Chambre Française de Commerce et d’Industrie du Maroc www.cfcim.org 51e année Numéro 938 15 juin - 15 juillet 2012 Dispensé de timbrage autorisation n° 956 ConjonctureLE MENSUEL DES DÉCIDEURS L’invité de ConjonCTURE M’HaMED SAGOU Energies vertes et efficacité énergétique ECHOS MarOC Indicateurs économiques et financiers induStriE Comment optimiser ses profits ? ManagEMEnt Conseils pratiques pour réussir son recrutement L’actualité vue par le Service économique de l’Ambassade de France Le Coin des Adhérents : Nouveaux Adhérents CFCIM - Opportunités d’affaires - Emploi Editorial Conjoncture « Une nouvelle formule plus moderne et plus pratique » Joël Sibrac Président Nouvelle maquette, nouvelles rubriques, nouvelle organisation : votre revue Conjoncture a profité du printemps pour se faire « relooker » en profondeur. Un travail de fond mené par l’équipe de Conjoncture, Comité de rédaction en tête, afin de répondre au plus près à vos attentes et d’ancrer la revue dans un environnement informationnel en constante évolution. Comme vous pourrez le constater en feuilletant ce premier numéro « nouvelle formule », Conjoncture a adopté une mise en page moderne, aérée, qui facilite la lecture. Sur le fond, la revue est désormais divisée en trois parties : une première dédiée à l’actualité de votre Chambre et à la conjoncture marocaine et internationale. Elle est suivie par le « Zoom du mois », en milieu de revue, qui traite d’une problématique sectorielle ou transversale de l’économie marocaine. Enfin, la nouvelle rubrique « Regards d’experts » vous donne la parole pour faire profiter de votre expertise l’ensemble de notre communauté d’adhérents. En bref, Conjoncture se présente désormais comme une véritable « boîte à outils » à dispositionCEFOR entreprises des dirigeants qui nous font confiance.
    [Show full text]
  • Keys Figures 2021
    Kingdom of Morocco NATIONAL ACCOUNTS (BASE YEAR : 2007 : ) MONEY TOURISM الـسـيـاحـة الـنـقـد الـحسابـات الوطنيـة سـنـة األسـاس Gross domestic product by 2020* 2019 R 2018 R (In million of Dh) Number (in thousands) 2020* 2019 )بـمليون درهم( *2019 *2020 م م الـعـدد )بـاآلالف( Monetary Aggregate M3 1 485 118 1 370 518 3 الناجت الداخلي اإلجمالي sectors of activity مجمع النقد م حسب قطاعات األنشطة At current prices (in million of Dh) Liquid investment Guest nights registred in classified الليالي السياحية الـمنجزة مجمعات التوظيفات باألسعار الـجارية )بـمليون درهم( Primary sector 127 281 140 019 135 418 aggregates 796 454 741 517 establishments 6 968 25 244 بالـمؤسسات الـمصنفة السائلة (1) 3 Counterparts of M3 Aggregate(1) 1 485 118 1 370 518 الـقـطـاع األولـى Agriculture, forest and annexe services 116 317 128 643 124 083 including : international guest مقابالت الـمجمع م الفالحة، الغابة ومصالح ملحقة Fishing, aquaculture 10 964 11 376 11 335 منها : ليالي السياحة Lending to the economy 1 130 068 1 079 859 nights 3 470 17 406 ديون لالقتصاد Net claims on central الصيد، تربية األسماك Secondary sector 284 716 291 938 286 801 الدولية الديون الصافية لـمؤسسات الـقــطـــاع الـثــانــي Industry of mining extraction 24 721 26 337 25 455 government 240 994 212 432 Beds capacity in classified صناعـة االستـخـراج الـمـعـدنـي Industrial transformation (not including petroleum refinement)166 382 171 726 173 751 الطاقة اإليوائية بالـمؤسسات اإليداع على اإلدارة الـمركزية Net claims of deposit institutions on establishments الصناعة التحويلية )خـارج تكريـر النفط( Petroleum
    [Show full text]
  • Volume VIII Issue 2(24) Summer 2013
    Journal of Applied Economic Sciences Volume VIII Issue 2(24) Summer 2013 I.S.S.N. 1843-6110 127 Journal of Applied Economic Sciences Editorial Board Editor in Chief International Relations Responsible Laura ŞTEFĂNESCU Pompiliu Constantinescu Managing Editor Mădălina CONSTANTINESCU Proof – readers Ana-Maria Trantescu - English Executive Editor Mihaela Galiceanu Redactors Cristiana Bogdănoiu Sorin Dincă Editorial Advisory Board Claudiu Albulescu, University of Poitiers, France, West University of Timişoara, Romania Aleksander Aristovnik, Faculty of Administration, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Cristina Barbu, Spiru Haret University, Romania Christoph Barmeyer, Universität Passau, Germany Amelia Bădică, University of Craiova, Romania Gheorghe Bică, Spiru Haret University, Romania Ana Bobîrcă, Academy of Economic Science, Romania Anca Mădălina Bogdan, Spiru Haret University, Romania Jean-Paul Gaertner, l'Institut Européen d'Etudes Commerciales Supérieures, France Shankar Gargh, Editor in Chief of Advanced in Management, India Emil Ghiţă, Spiru Haret University, Romania Dragoş Ilie, Spiru Haret University, Romania Elena Doval, Spiru Haret University, Romania Arvi Kuura, Pärnu College, University of Tartu, Estonia Ion Viorel Matei, Spiru Haret University, Romania Piotr Misztal, Technical University of Radom, Economic Department, Poland Marco Novarese, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy Rajesh Pillania, Management Development Institute, India Russell Pittman, International Technical Assistance Economic Analysis Group Antitrust Division,
    [Show full text]
  • Domestically Owned Versus Foreign-Owned Banks in Israel
    Domestic bank intermediation: domestically owned versus foreign-owned banks in Israel David Marzuk1 1. The Israeli banking system – an overview A. The structure of the banking system and its scope of activity Israel has a highly developed banking system. At the end of June 2009, there were 23 banking corporations registered in Israel, including 14 commercial banks, two mortgage banks, two joint-service companies and five foreign banks. Despite the spate of financial deregulation in recent years, the Israeli banking sector still plays a key role in the country’s financial system and overall economy. It is also highly concentrated – the five main banking groups (Bank Hapoalim, Bank Leumi, First International Bank, Israel Discount Bank and Mizrahi-Tefahot Bank) together accounted for 94.3% of total assets as of June 2009. The two largest groups (Bank Leumi and Bank Hapoalim) accounted for almost 56.8% of total assets. The sector as a whole and the large banking groups in particular are organised around the concept of “universal” banking, in which commercial banks offer a full range of retail and corporate banking services. Those services include: mortgages, leasing and other forms of finance; brokerage in the local and foreign capital markets; underwriting and investment banking; and numerous specialised services. Furthermore, until the mid-1990s, the banking groups were deeply involved in non-financial activities. However, a law passed in 1996 forced the banks to divest their controlling stakes in non-financial companies and conglomerates (including insurance companies). This development was part of a privatisation process which was almost completed in 2005 (with the important exception of Bank Leumi).
    [Show full text]
  • DQL (Australia) 20
    Digital Quality of Life Global research of 65 countries’ digital quality of life. 2019 © Surfshark 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of Surfshark. Table of Contents Table of contents i Tables & Figures ii List of Abbreviations iii 1. Introduction 1 2. Scope 2 3. Methodology 3 3.1 Composite factors 4 3.1.1 Internet Speed 5 3.1.2 Internet Prices 6 3.1.3 Personal Data Protection Legislation 8 3.1.4 E-Government Availability 8 3.1.5 Entertainment Content Availability 10 3.1.6 The Global Cybersecurity Index 10 3.1 The expert panel 12 3.2 Scoring process 13 4. Key Findings 14 4.1 Overall Digital Quality of Life 15 4.2 Highest DQL (Australia) 20 4.3 Lowest DQL (Algeria) 21 4.4 Other Important Insights 22 4.4.1 Price Discrimination 22 4.4.2 Censorship 23 4.5 The Case of China 24 i 5. Global Outlook 26 5.1 Internet Speed 27 5.1.1 Mobile Internet 28 5.1.1.1 The Importance of Mobile Internet for Developing Countries 31 5.1.2 Broadband 31 5. 2 Internet Prices 35 5.2.1 Broadband 35 5.2.2 Mobile 40 6. Entertainment Content Availability 45 7. E-Government Availability 49 8. The Global Cybersecurity Index 52 9. Personal Data Protection Laws 56 10. Conclusions 59 11. Sources 63 12. Annex 1: Dynamic Criteria 68 12.1 Average Wage Data 68 12.2 Internet Speed Tests 69 12.3 Internet Prices 88 i Tables & Figures Equation 1: Index figure for mobile internet speed 6 Equation 2: Index figure for broadband internet speed 6 Equation 3: Average hourly wage 7 Equation
    [Show full text]
  • The Digital Divide: the Internet and Social Inequality in International Perspective
    http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a chapter published in The Digital Divide: The Internet and Social Inequality in International Perspective. Citation for the original published chapter: Meinrath, S., Losey, J., Lennett, B. (2013) Afterword. Internet Freedom, Nuanced Digital Divide, and the Internet Craftsman. In: Massimo Ragnedda and Glenn W. Muschert (ed.), The Digital Divide: The Internet and Social Inequality in International Perspective (pp. 309-316). London: Routledge Routledge advances in sociology N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published chapter. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100423 The Digital Divide This book provides an in-depth comparative analysis of inequality and the stratification of the digital sphere. Grounded in classical sociological theories of inequality, as well as empirical evidence, this book defines “the digital divide” as the unequal access and utility of internet communications technologies and explores how it has the potential to replicate existing social inequalities, as well as create new forms of stratification. The Digital Divide examines how various demographic and socio-economic factors including income, education, age and gender, as well as infrastructure, products and services affect how the internet is used and accessed. Comprised of six parts, the first section examines theories of the digital divide, and then looks in turn at: • Highly developed nations and regions (including the USA, the EU and Japan); • Emerging large powers (Brazil, Russia, India, China); • Eastern European countries (Estonia, Romania, Serbia); • Arab and Middle Eastern nations (Egypt, Iran, Israel); • Under-studied areas (East and Central Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa).
    [Show full text]
  • Glass-Steagall: the American Nightmare That Became the Israeli Dream
    Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law Volume 9, Number 2 2004 Article 7 Glass-Steagall: The American Nightmare that Became the Israeli Dream Ehud Ofer∗ ∗ Copyright c 2004 by the authors. Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law is produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/jcfl GLASS-STEAGALL: THE AMERICAN NIGHTMARE THAT BECAME THE ISRAELI DREAM Ehud Ofer* INTRODUCTION This Note will examine the securities activities of banks in Israel. The relatively new legislation dealing with this aspect-Regulation of Investment Advice and Investment Portfolio Management Law (the "Law")-was enacted in 1995 as a lesson learned from the Share Regulation Affair of October 1983 (the "Share Regulation Affair" or the "Crisis of 1983"). In many ways in economic history, 1983 was for Israel what 1929 was for the United States. This Note will compare Israel's episode with the U.S. episode and will use the comparison to review the adequacy of the Israeli legislative response to the Crisis of 1983. The Law was enacted, primarily, based on American experience and legislation. This Note will compare the legislation enacted in both countries. To better understand the differences, this Note will introduce the unique financial market in Israel. Furthermore, this Note will present the recent legislative development in the United States (i.e., Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act) which repealed parts of the Depression-era Glass-Steagall Act. The Note will examine the necessity of Israeli "adjustments" to the Law due to this new development. * Ehud Ofer is a graduate of the LL.M. program in Banking, Corporate and Finance Law at Fordham University School of Law.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Information Society Watch 2009 Report
    GLOBAL INFORMATION SOCIETY WATCH (GISWatch) 2009 is the third in a series of yearly reports critically covering the state of the information society 2009 2009 GLOBAL INFORMATION from the perspectives of civil society organisations across the world. GISWatch has three interrelated goals: SOCIETY WATCH 2009 • Surveying the state of the field of information and communications Y WATCH technology (ICT) policy at the local and global levels Y WATCH Focus on access to online information and knowledge ET ET – advancing human rights and democracy I • Encouraging critical debate I • Strengthening networking and advocacy for a just, inclusive information SOC society. SOC ON ON I I Each year the report focuses on a particular theme. GISWatch 2009 focuses on access to online information and knowledge – advancing human rights and democracy. It includes several thematic reports dealing with key issues in the field, as well as an institutional overview and a reflection on indicators that track access to information and knowledge. There is also an innovative section on visual mapping of global rights and political crises. In addition, 48 country reports analyse the status of access to online information and knowledge in countries as diverse as the Democratic Republic of Congo, GLOBAL INFORMAT Mexico, Switzerland and Kazakhstan, while six regional overviews offer a bird’s GLOBAL INFORMAT eye perspective on regional trends. GISWatch is a joint initiative of the Association for Progressive Communications (APC) and the Humanist Institute for Cooperation with
    [Show full text]
  • Rapport Annuel 2017.Pdf
    RAPPORT ANNUEL 2017 COMPAGNIE D’ASSURANCES ET DE RÉASSURANCE Entreprise privée régie par la loi N°17-99 portant code des assurances 181, Bd d’Anfa - Casablanca -Maroc Tel: (212) 05 22 95 76 76 - Fax: (212) 05 22 36 98 12/14/16 www.atlanta.ma atlantamaroc atlanta_maroc 2 Compagnie d’assurances et de réassurance 3 SOMMAIRE MOT DU PRÉSIDENT IDENTITÉ & PROFIL Gouvernance & Management 1947 - 2017 : 70 ans en dates clés Nos valeurs et engagement Produits & Services Réseau de distribution ACTIVITÉS SECTEUR Marché de l’Assurance Marché Financier ACTIVITÉS ATLANTA ASSURANCES Interview avec M. Benchekroun Activités & Réalisations Atlanta Assurances ACTIVITÉS SOCIÉTALES Interview avec Mme Bensalah Labellisation RSE -CGEM Trophée Lalla Hasnaa « littoral durable » Partenaire leader du Pacte Mondial (PNUD Maroc) Activités sociétales RAPPORT FINANCIER Interview avec M. Tabine Résolutions 2017 États Comptables Rapports des commissaires aux comptes ANNEXE Réseau exclusif Atlanta Assurances 4 Compagnie d’assurances et de réassurance MOT DU PRÉSIDENT 5 Fiers de nos 70 ans d’histoire et de nos réalisations durant ces trois dernières années, le Groupe Atlanta s’inscrit dans cette même dynamique pour son plan stratégique 2018-2020. Mohamed Hassan BENSALAH Président-Directeur Général 6 Compagnie d’assurances et de réassurance L’année 2017 a été une année charnière pour Atlanta Assurances. Elle a marqué la fin de notre plan stratégique triennal Massar Attafaouk I, la préparation du plan Massar Attafaouk II, la célébration de notre 70ème anniversaire et le démarrage effectif de notre activité en Côte d’Ivoire. Ce contexte particulier impose un retour sur les réalisations de ces trois dernières années.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Communications Commission DA 12-1334 Before the Federal
    Federal Communications Commission DA 12-1334 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) International Comparison Requirements Pursuant ) IB Docket No. 10-171 to the Broadband Data Improvement Act ) GN Docket 11-121 ) International Broadband Data Report ) THIRD REPORT Adopted: August 13, 2012 Released: August 21, 2012 By the Chief, International Bureau: I. INTRODUCTION 1. This is the Commission’s third annual International Broadband Data Report (IBDR or Report). The IBDR is required by the Broadband Data Improvement Act (BDIA) and provides comparative international information on broadband services.1 Through the presentation of this data, we have the opportunity to evaluate the United States’ rates of broadband adoption, speeds, and prices in comparison to the international community. International data can serve as useful benchmarks for progress in fixed and mobile broadband accessibility. 2. In the past year, both fixed and mobile broadband providers have made significant progress in their efforts to expand broadband networks and improve service quality. As noted in the Eighth 706 Report released today, the market is responding to the needs of Americans for increased broadband capabilities.2 In 2011, U.S. investment in wired and wireless network infrastructure rose 24%.3 Some recent trends show that providers are offering higher speeds, more data under their usage limits, and more advanced technology in both fixed and mobile broadband. For example, cable operators have increased their deployment of DOCSIS 3.0-based data networks, which are capable of providing 100 megabits per second or faster (Mbps) speeds. In the last three years, the percentage of households passed by DOCSIS 3.0 broadband infrastructure has risen from 20% to 82%.4 Advances in broadband technology and initiatives to promote greater deployment and adoption of broadband services have led to broadband- enabled innovation in other fields such as health care, education, and energy efficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • State Power 2.0.Pdf
    STATE POWER 2.0 Proof Copy 000 Hussain book.indb 1 9/9/2013 2:02:58 PM This collection is dedicated to the international networks of activists, hactivists, and enthusiasts leading the global movement for Internet freedom. Proof Copy 000 Hussain book.indb 2 9/9/2013 2:02:58 PM State Power 2.0 Authoritarian Entrenchment and Political Engagement Worldwide Edited by MUZAMMIL M. HUSSAIN University of Michigan, USA PHILIP N. HOWARD University of Washington, USA Proof Copy 000 Hussain book.indb 3 9/9/2013 2:02:59 PM © Muzammil M. Hussain and Philip N. Howard 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Muzammil M. Hussain and Philip N. Howard have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East 110 Cherry Street Union Road Suite 3-1 Farnham Burlington, VT 05401-3818 Surrey, GU9 7PT USA England www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: Howard, Philip N. State Power 2.0 : Authoritarian Entrenchment and Political Engagement Worldwide / by Philip N. Howard and Muzammil M. Hussain. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4094-5469-4 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-4094-5470-0 (ebook) -- ISBN 978- 1-4724-0328-5 (epub) 1.
    [Show full text]