The Creation of an Islamic Stock Market Index on the Moroccan Financial Place According to the S&P Method
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Researches and Applications in Islamic Finance بحوث و تطبيقات في المالية اﻻسﻻمية Recherches et Applications en Finance Islamique ISSN : 9052- 0224 Vol 5, N° 1, February 2021 The creation of an Islamic stock market index on the Moroccan financial place according to the S&P method Ismail NASIRI Pr. Mohamed DRISSI BAKHKHAT Faculty of Law and Economics, Faculty of Law and Economics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier – Morocco Tangier - Morocco [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: This article aims to broaden the literature on the subject of the construction of Islamic stock market indices by studying the case of Morocco. The results show that the selection process has resulted in a well-diversified universe of Shariah-compliant actions. Moreover, we found 57 of 75 listed companies compliant for the first screening and subsequently, we found 18 compliant companies after reviewing the consolidated balance sheet and The income and expense accounts of these companies. During the analysis period considered (January 2017 to December 2018). The Moroccan All Shares Index (MASI) has been statistically found to have a higher variance than its counterpart the Standard and Poor Moroccan Islamic Index (SPMII), indicating that investors will not make sacrifices for a classic index that has a high level of risk. Keywords: Islamic stock market indices, Screening, Morocco. Received: 30 September 2020, accepted: 18 February 2021 Citation: Nasiri I. and M. Drissi Bakhkhat (2021), The creation of an Islamic stock market index on the Moroccan financial place according to the S&P method, Researches and Applications in Islamic Finance, Vol 5, No 1, pages: 107-123 107 Vol 5, No 1 (2021) Introduction Global Islamic Finance assets are forecast to reach USD 3.69 trillion by 2024, according to the 2020 Islamic Finance Development Report 20201.According to the report, global Islamic Finance assets increased by 14 percent year-on-year totaling USD 2.88 trillion in 2019. Islamic Finance assets of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) reached USD 1.2 trillion in 2019, followed by Middle East and North Africa (MENA) at USD 755 billion (excluding the GCC), and Southeast Asia at USD 685 billion. Shaken by the Arab spring of 2011 and the global financial crisis of 2008, Morocco, one of the most promising emerging countries in the world, has recently aligned its economic development strategy with the inclusion of Islamic finance to strengthen its economy and diversify its sources of financing. After the approval of a draft Islamic Finance Bill by the Moroccan Parliament in November 2014, the Moroccan Ministry of Finance and Economy adopted a circular in July 2015 describing the banking licensing process, including Shariah-compliant units. The new banking law allows the establishment of Shariah-compliant banks (Islamic law) and allows foreign lenders to create Islamic units in Morocco as well. The year 2018 was the first full year for the eight Moroccan banks and participating counters. A first exercise that resulted in a volume of funding that can be described as significant, given the deficiencies still present in the ecosystem of participatory financing in the Kingdom. According to the latest monetary statistics of Bank Al-Maghrib, at year-end 2019, the number of bank accounts had increased by 5% annually to more than 28 million, after 4.7% at year-end 2018. Regarding the accounts opened by the participating banks, their number stood at about 87 thousand, compared to 56 thousand accounts last year. To meet the needs of high net worth investors who want to grow their capital and diversify their portfolio by holding halal assets, financial operators should urgently create Shariah-compliant equity funds to invest in and develop a set of indices that list Shariah- compliant companies and serve as a benchmark for compliant portfolio managers. Unfortunately, Moroccan stock market players have not yet created such indices that would allow international Muslim investors to be tempted and monitor stock market developments in a style consistent with their underlying ethical principles. Guyot (2011) studied the performance of 9 Islamic indices belonging to the Dow Jones family by comparing them with conventional indices and conducting a co-integration and efficiency analysis from January 1999 to December 2008. He concluded that there is an absence of co-integration and the possibility of diversification opportunity; Islamic stock market indices are much more efficient than their conventional counterparts. Majid et al. (2007) focused on Malaysian Islamic indices. The conclusion drawn by this study is that 1 https://icd-ps.org/en/news/refinitiv-icd-2020-report-global-islamic-finance-assets-expected-to-hit-369-trillion- in-2024 ( Accessed 21/01/2021) 108 Vol 5, No 1 (2021) Islamic stock market indices are more volatile than conventional indices, more precisely; they are more sensitive to exchange rates and less sensitive to interest rates than their counterparts. In this article, we follow the selection process of companies listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange under Shariah in order to obtain a set of Shariah-compliant companies, which leads us to ask the following question: What would be the performance of the newly created Moroccan Islamic stock market index compared to the MASI index? How does it proceed qualitatively and quantitatively to the creation of the Islamic stock market index? Which quantitative criteria will we use in this research to create a Moroccan Islamic index? Which Moroccan companies can contribute to the constitution of the Islamic stock market index? Is the Islamic index stable over time compared to its MASI counterpart? An Islamic stock market index could be created based on Standard & Poor's (S&P) financial ratios alone. To do so, we select 75 companies listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange to obtain Shariah-compliant shares. The remainder of this article is structured as follows: The second section presents a literature review of studies that have examined the characteristics of this particular investment and a brief history of the main Islamic stock market indices. The third section is built around the Shariah screening methodologies we used in this study. In the fourth section, we present the used methodology and the method of constructing Islamic Indices S&P. The last section is devoted to the results and discussions. 2. Literature review Islamic stock market indices are first of all compliant with Shariah law (Shariah - compliant) also applying the different laws existing in the various financial markets. Rizvi and Arshad (2014), worked on comparing the efficiency of the Islamic market with that of the conventional market using the MF-DFA (Multifractal of trended fluctuation analysis) method. The objective of this analysis is to deepen the understanding of the Islamic market and to draw a conclusion that market development has an impact either directly or indirectly on efficiency and optimal resource allocation. Jawadi et al. (2014) explained that the returns of traditional financial products outperform those of Islamic products in the period before the subprime crisis and underperform the latter in times of crisis (2006-2011). In their Meta-analysis, El khamlichi and Viallefont (2015), showed that Islamic indices do not underperform conventional indices. Elbousty and Oubdi (2017) confirmed that there are no differences between the returns and volatilities of the two types of indices. Islamic investment performs better than conventional investment in general, Shariah restrictions seem to have moderate positive effects in portfolio diversification, also during periods of financial recession of major crises such as the one in 2008 (Balcilar et al, 2016; Hkiri et al. 2017; Umar et Suleman 2017; Ahmad et al. 2018; Hossain et al. 2018; Cevik et Bugan 2018; Usman et al. 2019; Umar 2017). The tests carried out by Yildiz and El Khamlichi (2017) show that only the Sharpe and M2 ratios give identical rankings. A Pearson linear correlation coefficient analysis was also 109 Vol 5, No 1 (2021) performed to measure the correlation between the rankings of 16 risk adjusted performance measures (RAPMs). The final index rankings are obtained using the Borda counting method. Their results suggest that, on a regional basis, Asian countries perform better than Latin American and EMEA (Europe, Middle East, and Africa) countries. When countries are examined individually, the EM Colombia Islamic Index comes first in the assessment; the EM United Arab Emirates Islamic Index comes last. Alexakis et al (2017) explore the long-term relationship between Islamic and conventional stock market indices by adopting the technique of co-integration and finding that the Islamic index is the least reactive in times of crisis and showing the robust nature of the Islamic portfolio with the potential to benefit from diversification. Rizvi and Arshad (2018) stipulate that Islamic indices perform better but do not find abnormal returns one on a global scale. They also have a lower systematic risk compared to conventional benchmarks, with advantages in terms of portfolio diversification. According to Paltrinieri and Kutan (2019), investors can gain diversification benefits by including Islamic instruments in their asset allocation strategies, such as socially responsible instruments. In particular, they study co-integration and dynamic correlations by analyzing a sample of 17 Islamic, SRI, and conventional stocks that reveals co-movements between Islamic, SRI, and conventional indices with mutual causality when looking at the index world. They also compare the results with some macroeconomic variables such as oil prices and the VIX index. Kamil et al. (2020) found that Islamic equity portfolios operate with a smaller investment universe due to the screening of non-Shariah compliant stocks. It has been theoretically argued that this results in sub-optimal portfolio diversification, which in turn negatively affects risk-adjusted returns. They offer empirical evidence that such a portfolio diversification is far from a foregone conclusion, at least empirically.