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Naccarato, Vincent; Lee, Joong Yang Naccarato, Vincent; Lee, Joong Yang; Wu, Meng Hsi; Ilan, Ittai Bar; Efird, James; Elzner, Benjamin; Morgan, Darrell; Tawoda, Kayla; Wolfe, Evan; Goh, Wei Jun; Author(s) Loo, Sok Hiang; Ng, Kok Wah; Ong, Chee Siong; Tan, Choon Ming; Tan, Hock Woo; Tng, Chung Siong; Yang, Kangjie Title The distributed air wing Publisher Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School Issue Date 2014-06 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42717 This document was downloaded on August 24, 2015 at 09:14:49 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CAPSTONE PROJECT REPORT THE DISTRIBUTED AIR WING by Cohort 20 Team Bravo June 2014 Project Advisor: Timothy H. Chung Second Reader: Jeffrey Kline Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED June 2014 Capstone Project Report 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS THE DISTRIBUTED AIR WING 6. AUTHOR(S) Cohort 20/Team Bravo 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. IRB Protocol number ____N/A____. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited A 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) The development of advanced anti-access/area denial (A2AD) threats by potential adversaries presents a significant challenge to the United States Navy. The proliferation of these threats makes operating an aircraft carrier from contested waters a high-risk endeavor. If a carrier must be withheld from the battle or is put out of action, the entire capability of the air wing is lost. The Systems Engineering process was applied to this problem by exploring a concept called the “Distributed Air Wing” (DAW). This high-level concept includes various methods to distribute and disperse naval air capabilities from their centralized location on an aircraft carrier. This study outlines the development and analysis of three conceptual designs that fall under the concept of the DAW: a dispersed land and sea basing concept that utilizes carrier-borne Navy and Marine Corps aircraft, a seaborne unmanned aircraft courier system, and a carrier-based unmanned air-to-air vehicle. The analysis within shows that a mixture of these alternatives in varying degrees delivers the Fleet’s most critical capabilities— Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR), Offensive/Defensive Counter Air, and Surface/Land Strike— with less risk than the current Carrier Air Wing (CVW) force structure and operational doctrine. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF Distributed Air Wing, Dispersed Air Wing Operations, Sea Vex, CVE, UAS-enhanced Self Escort PAGES Strike, Expeditionary Air Base, A2AD, Anti-Access, Area Denial 349 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UU NSN 7540–01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2–89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239–18 i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THE DISTRIBUTED AIR WING Cohort 20/Team Bravo LCDR Vincent Naccarato, USN Wei Jun Goh, Singapore ME5 Joong Yang Lee, Singapore Sok Hiang Loo, Singapore Major Meng Hsi Wu, Taiwan Kok Wah Ng, Singapore Captain Ittai Bar Ilan, Israel Chee Siong Ong, Singapore LT James Efird, USN Choon Ming Tan, Singapore LT Benjamin Elzner, USN Hock Woo Tan, Singapore LT Darrell Morgan, USN Chung Siong Tng, Singapore LT Kayla Tawoda, USN Kangjie Yang, Singapore LT Evan Wolfe, USN Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL June 2014 Lead editor: Kayla Tawoda Reviewed by: Timothy H. Chung Jeffrey Kline Project Advisor Second Reader Accepted by: Cliff Whitcomb Robert Dell Systems Engineering Department Operations Research Department iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv ABSTRACT The development of advanced anti-access/area denial (A2AD) threats by potential adversaries presents a significant challenge to the United States Navy. The proliferation of these threats makes operating an aircraft carrier from contested waters a high-risk endeavor. If a carrier must be withheld from the battle or is put out of action, the entire capability of the air wing is lost. The Systems Engineering process was applied to this problem by exploring a concept called the “Distributed Air Wing” (DAW). This high-level concept includes various methods to distribute and disperse naval air capabilities from their centralized location on an aircraft carrier. This study outlines the development and analysis of three conceptual designs that fall under the concept of the DAW: a dispersed land and sea basing concept that utilizes carrier-borne Navy and Marine Corps aircraft, a seaborne unmanned aircraft courier system, and a carrier-based unmanned air-to-air vehicle. The analysis within shows that a mixture of these alternatives in varying degrees delivers the Fleet’s most critical capabilities—Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR), Offensive/Defensive Counter Air, and Surface/Land Strike—with less risk than the current Carrier Air Wing (CVW) force structure and operational doctrine. v THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 A. PROJECT TEAM ............................................................................................1 B. CROSS-CAMPUS TOPIC EFFORT .............................................................3 C. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS........................................................6 1. Approach ..............................................................................................6 2. Method ..................................................................................................6 3. Tailored Systems Engineering Process ..............................................9 II. NEEDS ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................11 A. TASKING STATEMENT .............................................................................11 B. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS .....................................................................11 1. Key Stakeholders Identified ..............................................................14 2. Stakeholder Interviews and Insights (Military On-Campus) ........17 C. PROBLEM STATEMENT DEVELOPMENT ...........................................17 1. Scope....................................................................................................18 a. In Scope ...................................................................................19 b. Out of Scope ............................................................................19 2. The Refined Problem Statement – The Effective Need ..................20 III. BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH .......................................................................21 A. KEY CHALLENGES OF THE A2AD ENVIRONMENT.........................21 B. INITIAL FORCE STRUCTURE CONSIDERATIONS ............................22 IV. SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................25 A. OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS ...................................................................25 1. Scenario 1 – A2AD Operations .........................................................25 2. Scenario 2 – Precision Strike Campaign ..........................................28 3. Scenario 3 – Humanitarian Assistance ............................................28 4. Scenario 4 – Full-Scale War ..............................................................29 B. SCENARIO SELECTION ............................................................................30 1. Factor Rankings .................................................................................30 C. BASELINE SCENARIO ...............................................................................32 V. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS .....................................................................................37 A. FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION ...........................................................37 1. Functional Hierarchy and Flow Block Diagrams ...........................38 B. N2 DIAGRAM ................................................................................................61
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