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Invasive Carassius spp. in the Tiber River basin (Umbria, Central Italy): population status and possible interactions with native fish species by Antonella CAROSI* (1), Lucia GHETTI (2) & Massimo LORENZONI (1) Abstract. – The purpose of the research was to analyse the distribution, abundance and growth of Carassius spp., a taxon which includes non-native species introduced into the water bodies of the Umbrian portion of the Tiber River basin during the late 1980s. Additionally, the study estimated the relative weight for Barbus tyberi- nus, Squalius lucumonis and Sarmarutilus rubilio to investigate the presence of competitive interactions between Carassius spp. and these native species that characterize the middle and lowland reaches of the Umbrian water- courses. Currently, Carassius spp. is widely distributed in both the stagnant and the slow-running waters of the entire basin. The presence of these species was recorded in 34.81% of the total sampling sites; the results showed that the presence of Carassius spp. was associated with the presence of other non-native species and with poor water quality. In total, 4520 specimens of Carassius spp. were collected and the age composition ranged from 0+ to 9+. The equation for the length-weight relationship (TL-W) was determined as W = 0.010TL3.180. For the © SFI Etruscan chub Squalius lucumonis, an endemic species of central Italy, the mean value of the relative weight was Received: 10 May 2016 significantly higher whenCarassius spp. was absent. The results of the research suggest the need to establish Accepted: 30 Nov. 2016 effective management conservation strategies for this endemic species. Editor: H. Persat Résumé. – Les carassins invasifs, Carassius spp., dans le bassin du Tibre (Ombrie, Italie centrale) : état des populations et interactions possibles avec les espèces indigènes. Key words Le but de la recherche était d’analyser la distribution, l’abondance et la croissance du Carassius spp., un Cyprinidae taxon qui comprend des espèces non indigènes introduites dans les plans d’eau de la partie ombrienne du bassin Carassius spp. du Tibre à la fin des années 1980. En outre, l’étude a estimé le poids relatif de Barbus tyberinus, Squalius lucu- Central Italy monis et Sarmarutilus rubilio dans le but d’analyser la présence d’interactions concurrentielles entre Carassius Invasive species spp. et les trois espèces indigènes qui caractérisent les tronçons moyens et terminaux des cours d’eau de l’Om- Distribution brie. Actuellement, Carassius spp. est largement distribué dans les eaux stagnantes et courantes de l’ensemble Growth du bassin. La présence de ces espèces a été enregistrée dans 34,81% des sites d’échantillonnage ; les résultats ont montré que la présence du Carassius spp. a été associée à la présence d’autres espèces exotiques et à la mauvaise qualité de l’eau. Au total, 4520 spécimens de Carassius spp. ont été capturés et dix classes d’âge (de 0+ à 9+) ont été identifiées. La relation entre la longueur totale (TL) et le poids (W) est donnée par l’équation W = 0,010TL3.180. Pour Squalius lucumonis, espèce endémique de l’Italie centrale, les valeurs moyennes du poids relatif étaient plus élevées dans les cas où Carassius spp. était absent. Les résultats de cette étude montrent la nécessité d’établir des stratégies efficaces pour la gestion de la conservation de cette espèce endémique. There has been considerable confusion concerning the hof, 2007). From Japan, it was imported to Europe (Szcz- taxonomic status of the genus Carassius, due to the slight erbowsky, 2002). The first introduction in Italy was dated morphologic differences between the species (Rylkova et al., back to the 17th century (Bianco, 1995). The presence of both 2013). Currently in Europe is reported the presence of four C. carassius and C. auratus was reported in Milan Prov- species of the genus Carassius, namely Carassius carassius ince (Puzzi et al., 2007), in the Arno River basin (Tuscany (Linnaeus, 1758), Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), Car- Region) (Nocita, 2007) and in the southern part of the Tiber assius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) and Carassius langsdorfii Tem- River basin (Lazio Region) (Tancioni and Cataudella, 2009; minck & Schlegel, 1846 (Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007). Sarrocco et al., 2012). The Prussian carp C. gibelio was gen- The crucian carp C. carassius is native from Eastern erally considered native from central Europe and Siberia or Europe and most of Asia (Szczerbowsky, 2002); it was imported in Europe from eastern Asia (Kottelat and Freyhof, extensively imported to Italy, in many areas of England 2007); Kalous et al. (2012) redescribed the species as native and France (Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007) in the mid 1800s for Europe. Recent studies based on the genetic characteri- (Szczerbowsky, 2002; Sarrocco et al., 2012). The goldfish zation showed the presence of the species in many European C. auratus is reported to be native from East Asia and was countries, including Italy (Rylkova et al., 2013). The Japa- introduced to Japan in the 16th century (Kottelat and Frey- nese species C. langsdorfii was detected in the last few years (1) Dept of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 06100 Perugia, Italy. [[email protected]] (2) Forest, Economics and Mountain Territory Service, Umbria Region, Piazza del Bacio 06100 Perugia, Italy. [[email protected]] * Corresponding author [[email protected]] Cybium 2017, 41(1): 11-23. Carassius spp. in the Tiber River basin CAROSI ET AL . in the Elbe River basin in the Czech Republic (Kalous et al., freshwater ecosystems (Rylkova et al., 2013). The charac- 2007), in Greece (Tsipas et al., 2009; Rylkova et al., 2013), teristic that determines the invasiveness of Carassius spp. is in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Germany and Ukraine (Rylkova et mainly their great ability to tolerate extreme environmental al., 2013); recent studies confirmed the presence of the spe- conditions; they tolerate a high rate of pollution and can live cies also in northwestern Italy (Kalous et al., 2013; Rylkova in waters with a low percentage of oxygen (Szczerbowsky, et al., 2013). 2002) and in extremely turbid waters (Crivelli, 1995; Balon, Based on diagnostic characters, as the number of gill 2004). C. auratus in particular is tolerant to the high con- rakers, the shape of the dorsal fin and the peritoneum col- centration of many heavy metals and organochlorine insec- our (Balon, 2004; Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007), at first all the ticides (Szczerbowsky, 2002). Of further importance is the specimens considered in the present study were attributed wide food range and high fertility rate that characterize these to the species C. auratus. However, having not performed species. One feature of C. auratus stocks in particular is the genetic analysis and considering: i) the high morphological presence of triploid gynogenetic females and diploid females similarity between C. auratus, C. gibelio and C. langsdorfii, that reproduce sexually (Buth et al., 1991). Carassius aura- and ii) the ease with which C. auratus can hybridize with tus populations, with a highly unbalanced sex ratio in favour C. carassius (Szczerbowsky, 2002), we cannot completely of females, were found in Italian inland waters, including the exclude the presence of other species in the sample. There- middle reaches of the Po River (females: 98.00-100.00%) fore, in the present paper we used the scientific nomencla- (Vitali and Braghieri, 1981) and in Lake Trasimeno (females: ture of Carassius spp., which includes introduced species 97.40%) (Lorenzoni et al., 2010b). A further determinant most probably of East Asian origin. factor for the success of these species is represented by their Relatively few ecological investigations on Carassius high growth rate that allows it to quickly reach a size that is spp. populations have been carried out in Italy (Lorenzoni large enough to escape predators (Lorenzoni et al., 2007). et al., 2007; Pedicillo et al., 2010). The presence of Car- In many places where they have been introduced, Car- assius spp. in the water bodies of the Umbria region was assius spp. proved to have a negative impact on existing reported for the first time in the late 1980s, and they easily native species; they are considered a threat to the native fish placed themselves among the dominant species both in stag- communities and are subject to containment programmes nant and slow-running waters. The presence of these species (Ghetti et al., 2007). With regard to the habitat alteration, was detected in Trasimeno Lake in 1988, where it was most previous research showed that the presence of abundant likely introduced stocked together with juvenile Cyprinus populations of C. auratus in lakes causes a notable increase carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (Mearelli et al., 1990; Ghetti et al., of the water turbidity (Crivelli, 1995; Richardson et al., 2007). Carassius spp., together with other numerous exot- 1995). This increase in turbidity could be due to the move- ic species naturalized in Lake Trasimeno (Lorenzoni and ment of the sediment that occurs when the goldfish feed or Ghetti, 2012), have proven to be well adapted to the envi- to the increase of predation on zooplankton, which results ronmental characteristics of the lake; thus, their abundance in an increase of phytoplankton and, thus, the eutrophication have increased quickly, and they can be considered among of the lake waters (Crivelli, 1995). In Lake Trasimeno, the the dominant species in the fish community (Mearelli et increase of C. auratus abundance (73.23% of the total catch al., 1990). Additionally, in the Corbara Reservoir, Caras- during a monitoring carried out in 2004) has been related to sius spp. is abundant and well acclimatized (Pedicillo et al., the decrease of the abundance of the endemic species Esox 2010); during the monitoring carried out in 2000, Carassi- cisalpinus (Bianco & Delmastro, 2011), a predator that needs us spp.
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    426 Abstracts / Fish & Shellfish Immunology 91 (2019) 421e472 importance for stress effects on the immune response in teleosts. Indi- # Corresponding author. vidual aspects of the interference of stress hormones (mainly cortisol) with E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Zou). immune processes have already been reported in some bony fish. Although less studied, the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline have also shown to modulate the immune response of teleost leukocytes via a and b adrenergic receptors. This study aims to expand the actual knowledge on stress-induced immune modulation, in order to evaluate O-014. the effects of stress on the immune system of maraena whitefish (Cor- Direct cytotoxic activity of CD8þ T cells against Ichthyophthirius egonus maraena). This salmonid fish is highly sensitive to stress compared multifiliis in ginbuna crucian carp, Carassius auratus langsdorfii to other salmonid species long adapted to aquaculture. To this end, a large set of specific primers was designed for reverse-transcription quantitative Masaki Sukeda, Koumei Shiota, Takahiro Nagasawa, Miki Nakao, real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses. The primer panel included cell-specific Tomonori Somamoto#. marker genes characterizing the distinct cell populations in the head kidney of C. maraena, which had been sorted using flow cytometry. In Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and addition, we analysed the expression of catecholamine and cortisol re- Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental ceptors in each population, in order to define the repertoire of stress- Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan related modulators present in the cells. In the next step, we performed a series of in vitro stimulations of head kidney leukocytes to study the Abstract expression of genes involved in immune activation and acute phase A line of studies has shown that several humoral immune factors including together with catecholamine and cortisol receptors.
  • Morfološke Značajke, Taksonomski Položaj I Filogenetičkio Dnosi Populacija Endemskih Vrsta Roda Scardinius (Cypriniformes, Actinopterygii) U Jadranskom Slijevu

    Morfološke Značajke, Taksonomski Položaj I Filogenetičkio Dnosi Populacija Endemskih Vrsta Roda Scardinius (Cypriniformes, Actinopterygii) U Jadranskom Slijevu

    Morfološke značajke, taksonomski položaj i filogenetičkio dnosi populacija endemskih vrsta roda Scardinius (Cypriniformes, Actinopterygii) u Jadranskom slijevu Sabolić, Marija Doctoral thesis / Disertacija 2021 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:826670 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-06 Repository / Repozitorij: Repository of Faculty of Science - University of Zagreb PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK Marija Sabolić MORFOLOŠKE ZNAČAJKE, TAKSONOMSKI POLOŽAJ I FILOGENETIČKI ODNOSI POPULACIJA ENDEMSKIH VRSTA RODA SCARDINIUS (CYPRINIFORMES, ACTINOPTERYGII) U JADRANSKOM SLIJEVU DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2021. FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY Marija Sabolić MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, TAXONOMIC STATUS AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE POPULATIONS OF THE ENDEMIC SCARDINIUS SPECIES (CYPRINIFORMES, ACTINOPTERYGII) IN THE ADRIATIC BASIN DOCTORAL THESIS Zagreb, 2021 „Ovaj je doktorski rad izrađen na Zoologijskom zavodu, pod vodstvom izv. prof. dr. sc. Marka Ćalete, u sklopu Sveučilišnog poslijediplomskog doktorskog studija Biologije pri Biološkom odsjeku Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu“. INFORMACIJE O MENTORU Izv. prof. dr. sc. Ćaleta, Marko Nakon završene I. zagrebačke gimnazije na Biološkom odsjeku PMF-a upisuje studij biologije. Diplomirao je 2000. i stječe zvanje diplomiranog inženjera biologije- ekologije. Poslijediplomski doktorski studij biologije završio je također na Biološkom odsjeku PMF-a, a doktorat znanosti iz znanstvenoga područja prirodnih znanosti, polje biologija, obranio je 2007. godine. Naslov doktorske disertacije glasio je "Ekološke značajke ihtiofaune nizinskog dijela rijeke Save". Od 2000. do 2012. godine zaposlen je u Zoologijskom zavodu Biološkog odsjeka kao mlađi asistent, asistent, viši asistent (poslijedoktorand) i naposljetku kao stručni savjetnik.
  • Adding Nuclear Rhodopsin Data Where Mitochondrial COI Indicates Discrepancies – Can This Marker Help to Explain Conflicts in Cyprinids?

    Adding Nuclear Rhodopsin Data Where Mitochondrial COI Indicates Discrepancies – Can This Marker Help to Explain Conflicts in Cyprinids?

    DNA Barcodes 2015; 3: 187–199 Research Article Open Access S. Behrens-Chapuis*, F. Herder, H. R. Esmaeili, J. Freyhof, N. A. Hamidan, M. Özuluğ, R. Šanda, M. F. Geiger Adding nuclear rhodopsin data where mitochondrial COI indicates discrepancies – can this marker help to explain conflicts in cyprinids? DOI 10.1515/dna-2015-0020 or haplotype sharing (12 species pairs) with presumed Received February 27, 2015; accepted October 1, 2015 introgression based on mtCOI data. We aimed to test Abstract: DNA barcoding is a fast and reliable tool for the utility of the nuclear rhodopsin marker to uncover species identification, and has been successfully applied reasons for the high similarity and haplotype sharing in to a wide range of freshwater fishes. The limitations these different groups. The included labeonine species reported were mainly attributed to effects of geographic belonging to Crossocheilus, Hemigrammocapoeta, scale, taxon-sampling, incomplete lineage sorting, or Tylognathus and Typhlogarra were found to be nested mitochondrial introgression. However, the metrics for within the genus Garra based on mtCOI. This specific the success of assigning unknown samples to species or taxonomic uncertainty was also addressed by the use genera also depend on a suited taxonomic framework. of the additional nuclear marker. As a measure of the A simultaneous use of the mitochondrial COI and the delineation success we computed barcode gaps, which nuclear RHO gene turned out to be advantageous for were present in 75% of the species based on mtCOI, but the barcode efficiency in a few previous studies. Here, in only 39% based on nuclear rhodopsin sequences.