DOCSLIB.ORG

Segmenting Protected Area Visitors Based on Their Motivations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Segmenting Protected Area Visitors Based on Their Motivations Henna Konu and Liisa Kajala Segmenting Protected Area Visitors Based on Their Motivations Nature Protection Publications of Metsähallitus. Series A 194 Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja. Sarja A 194 Henna Konu Itä-Suomen yliopisto, Matkailualan opetus- ja tutkimuslaitos Kuninkaankartanonkatu 5-7 PL 86 57101 Savonlinna [email protected] Liisa Kajala Metsähallitus, luontopalvelut Akselinkatu 8 57130 Savonlinna [email protected] Cover picture: From left to right: Nature-oriented relaxation seeker in the Koli National Park, exercising nature explorer in the Linnansaari National Park, social self-developers in the Oulanka National Park and nostalgia appreciative seekers of mental well-being on Otsamo fell, Inari. Photos: Minna Koramo, Markus Sirkka, Minna Koramo and Kirsi Ukkonen / Metsähallitus. Language check: Howard McKee. Översättning: Pimma Åhman. © Metsähallitus 2012. ISSN-L 1235-6549 ISSN (online) 1799-537X ISBN 978-952-446-900-5 (pdf) Henna Konu and Liisa Kajala Segmenting Protected Area Visitors Based on Their Motivations DOCUMENTATION PAGE PUBLISHED BY Metsähallitus PUBLICATION DATE 29.2.2012 COMMISSIONED BY Metsähallitus DATE OF APPROVAL CONFIDENTIALITY Public REGISTRATION NO. PROTECTED AREA TYPE / CONSERVATION PROGRAMME NAME OF SITE NATURA 2000 SITE NAME AND CODE REGIONAL ORGANISATION AUTHOR(S) Henna Konu and Liisa Kajala TITLE Segmenting protected area visitors based on their motivations ABSTRACT National parks and other protected areas are popular destinations for people who want to take part in the activities of nature-based leisure, travel and ecotourism. It is essential to understand the nature of park visitors in order to be able to: minimize the impact of increasing visitation to protected areas on park resources; develop effective education programs and public relations; have effective risk management in the protected areas; and create an efficient marketing strategy for the areas. The general aim is to provide a good quality travel experience for visitors in a way that does not harm the natural resources that attract the visitors to the areas in first place. The main aim of the study is to segment Finnish protected area visitors based on leisure motivation factors so that the services and marketing communications of the protected areas can be better targeted to diverse customer groups. Hence, the main research question is: What kinds of motivation- based visitor segments are there in Finnish protected and recreational areas? The data were collected in Finnish national parks and protected areas administrated by Metsähallitus using standardized methods and a standard questionnaire. The target group was national and international visitors to the state-owned Finnish protected and recreational areas. In protected areas, the questionnaire was given to respondents who filled it out themselves. In total, 34,868 responses were collected during the years 2000–2010. This data include material from 91 different visitor surveys and from 74 different nature areas. Customer segments were formed by using cluster and discriminant analyses. Four motivation-based segments that differed significantly from each other were identified: Social self-developers; Exercising nature explorers; Nostalgia appreciative seekers of mental well-being; and Nature-oriented relaxation seekers. The motivation factors that had the most discriminating power between all segments were pleasant old memories, experiencing excitement and meeting new people. Statistically significant differences were identified between the segments concerning diverse areas. Members of the segment Nostalgia appreciative seekers of mental well-being visited the most national parks compared to other segments, while Nature-oriented relaxation seekers and Exercising nature explorers are the biggest groups who visit nature reserves. Social self-developers visited the most hiking and other areas such as wilderness areas and cultural places. There were also significant alterations in shares of segments during the period 2000–2010. Discussions on the implications of the results for practice, future research and challenges faced conclude the study. KEYWORDS motivation, visitor survey, protected area, national park, segmentation OTHER INFORMATION SERIES NAME AND NO. Nature Protection Publications of Metsähallitus. Series A 194 ISSN-L 1235-6549 ISBN (PDF) 978-952-446-900-5 ISSN (ONLINE) 1799-537X NO. OF PAGES 72 pp. LANGUAGE English PUBLISHING CO. Metsähallitus PRINTED IN DISTRIBUTOR Metsähallitus, Natural Heritage Services PRICE KUVAILULEHTI JULKAISIJA Metsähallitus JULKAISUAIKA 29.2.2012 TOIMEKSIANTAJA Metsähallitus HYVÄKSYMISPÄIVÄMÄÄRÄ LUOTTAMUKSELLISUUS Julkinen DIAARINUMERO SUOJELUALUETYYPPI/ SUOJELUOHJELMA ALUEEN NIMI NATURA 2000 -ALUEEN NIMI JA KOODI ALUEYKSIKKÖ TEKIJÄ(T ) Henna Konu ja Liisa Kajala JULKAISUN NIMI Suojelualueiden kävijöiden segmentointi motiivien perusteella TIIVISTELMÄ Kansallispuistot ja muut suojelu- ja virkistysalueet ovat suosittuja luontomatkailukohteita. Kävijöiden ja käytön luonteen ymmärtäminen on tärkeää, jotta kasvavien kävijävirtojen kielteisiä vaikutuksia voidaan minimoida ja niiden tuomia riskejä hallita. Lisäksi kävijöiden tunteminen helpottaa oikeiden viestintäkanavien löytämistä ja tehokkaiden markkinointistrategioiden luomista. Tavoitteena on tarjota kävijöille laadukas elämys vaarantamatta luontoa, alueen olennaista vetovoimatekijää. Tutkimuksen päätavoite on segmentoida valtion suojelu- ja virkistysalueiden kävijät motiivien perusteella, niin että alueiden palvelut ja markkinointiviestintä voidaan kohdentaa paremmin erilaisille asiakasryhmille. Tavoitteena on tuoda esille, millaisia kävijöiden motiiveihin perustuvia kävijäsegmenttejä on valtion hallinnoimilla suojelu- ja virkistysalueilla. Aineisto on kerätty Suomen kansallispuistoista ja muilta Metsähallituksen luontopalvelujen hallinnoimilta suojelu- ja virkistysalueilta käyttäen vakioitua kyselylomaketta. Kohderyhmänä ovat valtion omistamien suojelu- ja virkistysalueiden kävijät, mukaan lukien ulkomaiset kävijät. Aineisto on kerätty maastossa käyttäen ohjattua kyselyä, jossa aineiston kerääjä on paikalla, mutta vastaajat täyttävät lomakkeen pääsääntöisesti itsenäisesti. Aineisto koostuu yhteensä 34 868 vastauksesta, jotka on kerätty vuosina 2000–2010. Aineisto koostuu 91 kävijätutkimuksesta 74 eri alueelta. Kävijäsegmentit muodostettiin käyttäen klusteri- ja diskriminanttianalyysiä. Aineistosta tunnistettiin yhteensä neljä motiivipohjaista segmenttiä, jotka erosivat merkitsevästi toisistaan: sosiaaliset itsensäkehittäjät, kuntoilevat luontoseikkailijat, henkistä hyvinvointia hakevat nostalgikot ja luontosuuntautuneet rentoutujat. Parhaiten erottelevia motiiveja olivat aiemmat muistot, jännityksen kokeminen ja tutustuminen uusiin ihmisiin. Segmenttien välillä oli tilastollisesti merkitseviä eroja aluetyypeittäin. Henkistä hyvinvointia hakevat nostalgikot vierailivat muita segmenttejä enemmän kansallispuistoissa, kun taas luontosuuntautuneet rentoutujat ja kuntoilevat luontoseikkailijat ovat suurimpia ryhmiä muilla luonnonsuojelualueilla. Sosiaaliset itsensäkehittäjät vierailivat muita segmenttejä enemmän valtion retkeilyalueilla ja muilla alueilla (esim. erämaa-alueet, kulttuurikohteet). Segmenttien osuudet olivat myös muuttuneet merkitsevästi vuodesta 2000 vuoteen 2010. Lopuksi pohditaan tutkimuksen merkitystä käytännölle sekä jatkotutkimustarpeita ja -haasteita. AVAINSANAT motivaatio, kävijätutkimus, suojelualue, kansallispuisto, segmentointi MUUT TIEDOT SARJAN NIMI JA NUMERO Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja. Sarja A 194 ISSN-L 1235-6549 ISBN (PDF) 978-952-446-900-5 ISSN (VERKKOJULKAISU) 1799-537X SIVUMÄÄRÄ 72 s. KIELI englanti KUSTANTAJA Metsähallitus PAINOPAIKKA JAKAJA Metsähallitus, luontopalvelut HINTA PRESENTATIONSBLAD UTGIVARE Forststyrelsen UTGIVNINGSDATUM 29.2.2012 UPPDRAGSGIVARE Forststyrelsen DATUM FÖR GODKÄNNANDE SEKRETESSGRAD Offentlig DIARIENUMMER TYP AV SKYDDSOMRÅDE/ SKYDDSPROGRAM OMRÅDETS NAMN NATURA 2000 -OMRÅDETS NAMN OCH KOD REGIONAL ENHET FÖRFATTARE Henna Konu och Liisa Kajala PUBLIKATION Segmentering av naturskyddsområdens besökare enligt deras motiv SAMMANDRAG Nationalparkerna och de övriga skyddsområdena är populära naturturism- och utflyktsmål. Det är viktigt att man har en klar bild av besökarna och besökens natur, för att man ska kunna dels minimera de negativa verkningarna av de allt större besökarmängderna, dels hantera de risker dessa medför. Därtill är det bra att ha kännedom om besökarna för att man ska hitta de rätta kommunikationskanalerna och kunna skapa effektiva marknadsföringsstrategier. Målet är att erbjuda besökarna högklassiga upplevelser utan att äventyra naturen, dvs. områdets huvudsakliga attraktionsfaktor. Huvudsakliga målet för undersökningen var att indela besökarna på statens skydds- och rekreationsområden i segment utgående från deras motiv, så att man bättre kunde inrikta tjänsterna och marknadskommunikationen på olika slags kundgrupper. Syftet var att klarlägga hurdana besökarsegment de skydds- och rekreationsområden som förvaltas av staten uppvisar. Indelningen i segment gjordes utifrån besökarnas motiv. Materialet insamlades med hjälp av standardiserade frågeformulär i finländska nationalparker och andra skydds- och rekreationsområden som förvaltas av Forststyrelsen. Målgruppen var inhemska och utländska besökare på statens skydds- och rekreationsområden. Materialet insamlades huvudsakligen i terrängen genom handledd enkätundersökning, så att den person som samlade in materialet var på plats men besökarna i regel
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Factors Affecting the Number of Visits to National Parks in Finland
    UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Department of Forest Economics Factors affecting the number of visits to National Parks in Finland Master's thesis Forest Economics and Policy Anna Vanhatalo December 2009 HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO ⎯ HELSINGFORS UNIVERSITET ⎯ UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Tiedekunta/Osasto ⎯ Fakultet/Sektion ⎯ Faculty Laitos ⎯ Institution ⎯ Department Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Department of Forest Economics Tekijä ⎯ Författare ⎯ Author Vanhatalo, Anna Maria Työn nimi ⎯ Arbetets titel ⎯ Title Factors affecting the number of visits to national parks in Finland Oppiaine ⎯Läroämne ⎯ Subject Forest Economics and Policy Työn laji ⎯ Arbetets art ⎯ Level Aika ⎯ Datum ⎯ Month and year Sivumäärä ⎯ Sidoantal ⎯ Number of pages Master's thesis December 2009 62 + appendixes Tiivistelmä ⎯ Referat ⎯ Abstract Outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism have increased during the last ten years. In addition, the interest towards national parks has grown, which can be seen also as an increasing trend in the development of the number of visits to national parks. The aim of this thesis is to explain the cross-sectional variation in the visitation data representing different parks and hiking areas. Another aim is to explore the question of why the visitation in national parks has increased in Finland. These questions are studied separately for the national parks and hiking areas, because the development of the number of visits in national parks and hiking areas has been different. In addition, the separation is made also between Southern Finland and Northern Finland due to for example the size differences and close link of the national parks in Northern Finland with the ski-resort centers. Explanatory factors are divided into supply side factors (services inside and outside the park) and demand side factors (economic and demographics factors).
    [Show full text]
  • FINLAND State of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Finland
    COUNTRY REPORT ON THE STATE OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FINLAND State of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Finland Second Finnish National Report Merja Vetel¨ainen M°arten Huld´en Tuula Pehu (compilers) November 6, 2008 Note by FAO This Country Report has been prepared by the national authorities in the context of the preparatory process for the Second Report on the State of World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. The Report is being made available by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as requested by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. However, the report is solely the responsibility of the national authorities. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or policy of FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. CONTENTS ABSTRACT 6 INTRODUCTION TO FINLAND AND ITS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 7 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Principles of Protected Area Management in Finland
    Principles of Protected Area Management in Finland Nature Protection Publications of Metsähallitus. Series B 217 Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja. Sarja B 217 Translation and editing: Mervi Heinonen Översättning: Pimma Åhman. Cover: Ecological management of the Medvastö-Stormossen Natura 2000 network site. Photo: Jari Kostet. © Metsähallitus, Vantaa 2016 ISSN-L 1235-8983 ISSN (printed) 1235-8983 ISSN (online) 1799-5388 ISBN 978-952-295-150-2 (printed) ISBN 978-952-295-151-9 (pdf) Edita Prima Oy, Helsinki, 2016 Principles of Protected Area Management in Finland DOCUMENTATION PAGE PUBLISHED BY Metsähallitus PUBLICATION DATE 25.2.2016 COMMISSIONED BY DATE OF APPROVAL 3.4.2014 CONFIDENTIALITY Public REGISTRATION NO. MH 2562/2014/06.02.03 PROTECTED AREA TYPE NAME OF SITE NATURA 2000 SITE REGIONAL ORGANISATION AUTHOR(S) Metsähallitus TITLE Principles of Protected Area Management in Finland ABSTRACT Most of Finland’s protected area surface is state-owned and managed by the government agency Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland (formerly Natural Heritage Services, NHS). “The Principles of Protected Area Management in Finland – Guidelines on the aims, functions and management of state-owned protected areas” was approved for publication by Metsähallitus (then the Finnish Forest and Park Service) originally in 1992. These recommendations were updated several times. In 2007, the guidelines were revised completely and their coverage enhanced. In 2010, and further now in 2014, the structure and theme emphasis were somewhat altered and quite a few supplementations and specifications were added. The document describes the role of protected areas in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, defines protected areas in Finland and explains the basis of their adaptive planning and management.
    [Show full text]
  • National Action Plan for Island Policy 2012–2015
    National Action Plan for Island Policy 2012–2015 Islands, Sea, Lakes, Rivers and Littoral as Regional Development Assets Publications of the Ministry of Employment and the Economy Regional development 37/2012 National Action Plan for Island Policy 2012–2015 Islands, Sea, Lakes, Rivers and Littoral as Regional Development Assets The Ministry of Employment and the Economy Regional Development 37/2012 Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriön julkaisuja Alueiden kehittäminen 37/2012 Arbets- och näringsministeriets publikationer Utvecklande av regionerna 37/2012 MEE Publications Regional development 37/2012 Tekijät | Författare | Authors Julkaisuaika | Publiceringstid | Date November 2012 The Island Committee Toimeksiantaja(t) | Uppdragsgivare | Commissioned by Mikaela Nylander, Chairman, Member of Parliament Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö Jorma Leppänen, Secretary General, Ministerial Adviser Arbets- och näringsministeriet Ministry of Employment and the Economy Toimielimen asettamispäivä | Organets tillsättningsdatum | Date of appointment Julkaisun nimi | Titel | Title National action plan for island policy 2012–2015 Tiivistelmä | Referat | Abstract On 26 June 2012, the Ministry of Employment and the Economy approved the action plan for island policy for 2012–2015. Prior to this, the Ministerial Working Group on Administration and Regional Development had favoured the approval of the policy on 20 June 2012. The creation of the action plan is based on the Government decision, of 15 December 2011, on nationwide regional development objectives for 2011–2015, which the action plan complements and further elaborates. The action plan aims to utilise the characteristics of the islands, the sea and watercourses in particular, in the following priority areas: Municipal and regional policy, Businesses and employment, Permanent and recreational dwelling, Transport and data communication connections, and Environment, nature and culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Finland –Index (Chapter)
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd 359 Gösta Serlachiuksen Hanko 106 Taidemuseo 151 Kuusamo 260 Hannun Luontokuvakeskus 256 Kvarken archipelago 237 Hämeenlinnan Taidemuseo 154 Lemmenjoki National Park 305-6 Hiekan Taidemuseo 140 Liminganlahti Bird Sanctuary 250 Imatran Taidemuseo 199 Linnansaari National Park 172 Joensuu Taidemuseo 201-2 Patvinsuo National Park 208-9 Jomala 127 Perämeri National Park 278 Jyväskylän Taidemuseo 179 Puurijärvi-Isosuo National Park 223 Kammigalleria 306 Pyhä-Luosto National Park 292 Kiasma 49, 73 Ruka 261 Kuntsi 232 Siikaneva 149 The Finnish language places Kuopion Taidemuseo 185 Tankar Island 239 the letters å, ä and ö at the Lahden Taidemuseo 158 boat travel, see also cruises end of the alphabet. Oulun Taidemuseo 245 to/from Finland 345 Paltto 306 within Finland 346 A Porin Taidemuseo 224 Bomarsund 128-9 Aalto, Alvar 327-8 Rauman Taidemuseo 221 Bonk Dynamo Centre 218 buildings 18, 62, 63, 69, 89, 91, 158, Retretti 170 books 312, 330 178-9, 182, 190, 229, 271 Rovaniemen Taidemuseo 271 border crossings 344 accommodation 338-9, see also Sara Hildén Art Museum 139 Borgboda 130 individual locations Sinebrychoffin Taidemuseo 54 Brahe, Per 316 camping 28 South Karelia Art Museum 193 Brändö 132 families 36 Tampereen Taidemuseo 140 budgeting 14 summer cottages 9, 324, 9 Tikanojan Taidekoti 232 business hours 340 activities 26-33, see also individual Turun Taidemuseo 87 bus travel activities VB Valokuvakeskus 185 to/from Finland 344 air travel 344, 346 Visavuori 151-2 within Finland 346 alcohol 341 Wäino Aaltonen
    [Show full text]
  • Helsinki-Kouvola-Mikkeli-Savonlinna-Jyväskylä-Tampere-Helsinki (Approximate Length of the Route 1,250 Km)
    Helsinki-Kouvola-Mikkeli-Savonlinna-Jyväskylä-Tampere-Helsinki (approximate length of the route 1,250 km) This tour is meant for all who are interested in nature, amazing natural locations, national parks and an active holiday amidst nature. If you value uniquely alluring and clean lakeland nature and wish to experience something you will never forget, this trip is perfect for you! On this route, we have compiled recommendations from which you can choose the locations that most interest you and where you would like to find accommodation. The recommended route runs from Helsinki through Kouvola, Mikkeli, Savonlinna, Jyväskylä and Tampere back to Helsinki. Along the way, we have collected locations and sights that are particularly suitable for nature travellers. We have also added recommendations for beautiful scenic routes in Finnish Lakeland, whenever the route allows it. We believe that our suggestions can help you to plan and enjoy a fascinating and memorable holiday. We hope you have a holiday to remember in Helsinki and the Finnish Lakeland! Helsinki for Nature Lovers Helsinki is a city by the sea. As you walk along the waterfront, the wind ruffles your hair while the waves create ripple in time to your footsteps. Seagulls circle above and keep a sharp lookout for ice cream cones and other human treats. Cargo ships, cruise vessels and sailing boats float by on the horizon. The locals love the sea, often packing a picnic basket and heading for one of the many islands just off the coast. Sunbathers board ferries for the sandy beaches. Those who live by the sea will stroll down to their local beach and cool their feet in the water.
    [Show full text]
  • Finland Land of Islands and Waters the Sulkava Rowing Race Is the Larg- Est Rowing Event in the World
    The Island Committee Finland Land of Islands and Waters doubles racestoo. ways plentyofentriesforthesinglesand al are butthere is particularlypopular, boatraceforteams 60 km.Thechurch PartalansaariIslandextendsover around eventintheworld.Theroute est rowing The SulkavaRowingRace isthelarg - - Antero AAltonen • Front cover photo: Anne SAArinen / VastAvAlo Finland – land oF islands and wATERS 3 Dear Reader This brochure describes life, sources of livelihood and nature on islands with no permanent road connections, on islands with permanent road connections and in island-like areas in Finland. Finland is the country richest in waters and more of the richest in islands in Europe. We boast 76,000 islands with an area of 0.5 hectares or more, 56,000 lakes with an area of one hectare or more, 36,800 kilome- tres of river bed wider than fi ve metres and 336,000 kilometres of shore- eemeli / peltonen vAStAvAlo line. Every Finnish municipality has waters, and most contain islands. The number of islands with either permanent or part-time inhabitants amounts to around 20,000. Every island, lake and river has its place in the hearts of Finns. This brochure describes these unique riches. Its multitude of islands and waters makes the Finnish landscape frag- mented, creating extra costs for the economy, the State and local author- ities, but it is also an incomparable resource. Our islands, seas, lakes, riv- ers and shores are excellent regional assets in a world that thrives increas- ingly on producing unique experiences. Island municipalities and part- island municipalities boast a large range of sources of livelihood, although structural changes have decreased the number of jobs over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • Visitation Numbers 2020
    Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland The Visitation Numbers in 2020 of National Parks, National Hiking Areas and Other Protected and Hiking Areas of Recreational Importance. All Areas Managed by Metsähallitus. Source: the ASTA Visitor Information System of Metsähallitus. National Parks Visitation Numbers Archipelago National Park 79,300 Bothnian Bay National Park 5,000 Bothnian Sea National Park 99,300 Ekenäs Archipelago National Park 58,300 Gulf of Finland National Park 17,700 HelvetinjärviNational Park 80,200 Hiidenportti National Park 18,500 Hossa National Park 111,300 Isojärvi National Park 38,300 Kauhaneva–Pohjankangas National Park 29,200 Koli National Park 236,000 Kolovesi National Park 19,900 Kurjenrahka National Park 96,000 Lauhanvuori National Park 22,700 Leivonmäki National Park 37,600 Lemmenjoki National Park 21,700 Liesjärvi National Park 74,200 Linnansaari National Park 34,700 Nuuksio National Park 367,500 Oulanka National Park 235,800 Pallas–Yllästunturi National Park 563,100 Patvinsuo National Park 24,800 Petkeljärvi National Park 32,100 Puurijärvi and Isosuo National Park 19,200 Pyhä-Häkki National Park 28,200 Pyhä–Luosto National Park 204,500 Päijänne National Park 28,900 Repovesi National Park 233,000 Riisitunturi National Park 67,100 Rokua National Park 22,300 Salamajärvi National Park 25,900 Seitseminen National Park 60,800 Sipoonkorpi National Park 204,000 Southern Konnevesi National Park 49,100 Syöte National Park 113,500 Teijo National Park 123,000 Tiilikkajärvi National Park 19,500 Torronsuo National Park 53,600
    [Show full text]
  • Nordiska Skriften 060707.Indd
    Welcome to 20 Natural Areas in Norden TIPS FROM THE NORDIC COUNCIL OF MINISTERS 2 There are thousands of natu- Welcome to 20 ral areas in the Nordic region Natural Areas in Norden that are protected as national Tips from the Nordic Council of Ministers parks and nature reserves. They have been established to DENMARK preserve the flora, fauna and • Møns Klint—Denmark’s white face to the east • Skjern Enge—a new bird paradise on the west coast of Jutland geology of those areas, and • The Wadden Sea—where the plains meet the sea also to provide visitors with • The South Fyn Archipelago—green islands enrobed in blue interesting and stimulating ex- FINLAND periences of nature. • South-western Archipelago—luxuriant traditional landscape and rocky islets • Linnansaari—Finnish lakeland at its best The purpose of this booklet • Oulanka—Lush river landscape and impressive views • Pallas-Yllästunturi—Legendary fells and primeval forests is to awake interest in the ICELAND natural and cultural heritage • Jökulsárgljúfur—majestic canyon, powerful glacial river, values of protected natural waterfalls and geological formations • Snaefellsjökull—renowned volcano, glacier, prominent lava areas, and to demonstrate fields, birdcliffs and cultural remains their suitability for purposes • Hornstrandir—remote, rugged landscape, derelict settlements, enormous birdcliffs and interesting wildlife of nature tourism and outdoor • Fjallabak—multicoloured mountains and valleys, wilderness, recreation. The twenty areas volcanic formations and geothermal activity presented here represent a NORWAY • Folgefonna National Park—from fjord to glacier cross-section of Norden’s natu- • Geiranger-Herdalen—world-class fjord landscape ral splendours, and they are • Vegaøyan—a costal community and listed world heritage site • Lyngsalpan—an area of outstanding natural beauty in the already popular tourist attrac- Land of the Midnight Sun tions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Visitation Numbers in 2019 of National Parks, National Hiking Areas and Other Protected and Hiking Areas of Recreational Importance
    Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland The Visitation Numbers in 2019 of National Parks, National Hiking Areas and Other Protected and Hiking Areas of Recreational Importance. All Areas Managed by Metsähallitus. Source: the ASTA Visitor Information System of Metsähallitus. National Parks Archipelago National Park 72,600 Bothnian Bay National Park 6,500 Bothnian Sea National Park 82,800 Ekenäs Archipelago National Park 51,800 Gulf of Finland National Park 17,400 HelvetinjärviNational Park 39,700 Hiidenportti National Park 13,900 Hossa National Park 96,500 Isojärvi National Park 23,600 Kauhaneva–Pohjankangas National Park 14,200 Koli National Park 201,800 Kolovesi National Park 16,800 Kurjenrahka National Park 86,200 Lauhanvuori National Park 14,500 Leivonmäki National Park 24,700 Lemmenjoki National Park 18,300 Liesjärvi National Park 52,800 Linnansaari National Park 39,400 Nuuksio National Park 330,600 Oulanka National Park 189,300 Pallas–Yllästunturi National Park 561,200 Patvinsuo National Park 16,600 Petkeljärvi National Park 19,700 Puurijärvi and Isosuo National Park 9,000 Pyhä-Häkki National Park 19,400 Pyhä–Luosto National Park 169,700 Päijänne National Park 16,800 Repovesi National Park 126,600 Riisitunturi National Park 43,700 Rokua National Park 18,000 Salamajärvi National Park 20,200 Seitseminen National Park 45,900 Sipoonkorpi National Park 110,000 Southern Konnevesi National Park 35,300 Syöte National Park 77,300 Teijo National Park 108,400 Tiilikkajärvi National Park 16,000 Torronsuo National Park 31,100 Urho Kekkonen National
    [Show full text]
  • 387 INDEX a Aalto, Alvar 46-8, 169, 190, 308, 46, 48 Aalto Centre 271-2
    © Lonely Planet Publications 387 Index A bears 64, 10 castles Aalto,ABBREVIATIONS Alvar 46-8, 169, 190, 308, Bear’s Ring (Karhunkierros) 11, Häme Castle 195 46ACT, 48 Australian Capital 299-302, 300 Kajaani Castle 289 Territory Aalto Centre 271-2 bear-watching 179, 293, 295, 10 Kastelholms Slott 252 NSW New South Wales Koetalo 153 Bengtskär 125 Kultaranta 226 NT Northern Territory museums 149 berries 57, 58, 70 Olavinlinna 134-5, 12 Qld Queensland Aarika, Kaija 50, 47 bicycle travel, see cycling Oulunlinna 283 SA South Australia accommodation 347-9, see also birds 64-5 Turku Castle 216 Tas Tasmania individual locations bird-watching 76 cathedrals, see churches Vic Victoria apartment rental 95 Liminganlahti Bird Sanctuary cell phones 356 WA Western Australia camping 70, 347-8 288 children, travel with 29, 91, 350 cottages 134 Puurijärvi-Isosuo National Park zoos 86, 194, 204, 295, 314-15 farmstays 134, 166, 348 237 Christmas 7, 23, 59, 310, 6 guesthouses 348 Björneborg 237-40 churches hostels 348-9 boat travel 8, see also ferries Ilomantsi Lutheran Church hotels 349 to/from Finland 363-4 175 self-catering accommodation 349 within Finland 365 Keuruu wooden church 212 snow hotels 73 Bomarsund 253 Kolmen Ristin Kirkko 169 summer cottages (kesämökkejä) books 18-20, 19, 43 Lappee Church 164 9, 63 Kalevala 44 Lintula Convent 148-9 INDEX summer hotels 348-9 border crossings 361 Orthodox Church, Lappeenranta wilderness huts 11, 70, 338 Borgå 108-11 164 activities 70-6, see also individual Brändö 258-9 Orthodox Church of St Nicholas activities
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 66 (4), 2019, 573-595 DOI: 10.2478/saeb-2019-0041 Emerging Practices in Facebook at National Parks Josué Gutiérrez-Barroso* , Alberto Javier Báez-García** , Francisco Flores-Muñoz*** Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to contribute to analyze recent data about the behavior of national park administrations on Facebook. As public organizations, they endeavor to proactively communicate information to citizens, promoting transparency and accountability. It is important to study the case of national parks because of their relevant role in preserving natural and cultural heritage and promoting a very rich scenario of policy-making and responsible local and global citizenship. Some insights have arisen for political management of these institutions. According to the analysis of the results, it is shown that there exists a significant presence of these entities in Facebook, even if this type of communication is perhaps in its infancy. The results suggest that a potential factor (country in which each park is located and the corresponding administration style) exists, in order to explain significant differences between parks. Keywords: national parks; online transparency; institutional dialogue; corporate Facebook; social media. JEL classification: D8; R5; Z1; Z3. 1. INTRODUCTION In the context of the global crisis and post-crisis, trust in corporations and public bodies has suffered tremendously. Transparency is still at the center of the discourse, as a key solution to guarantee an almost continuous monitoring of public managers and corporations. Trust in organizations, both public and private, along with the link between trust and corporate transparency and behavior, have been explored in a general sense (Swift, 2001), and by each interest group; i.e., for customers (Castaldo et al., 2009), shareholders (Godfrey, 2005) and employees (Rawlins, 2008), among others.
    [Show full text]