Colonial Medicine in Post-Colonial Times: Continuity, Transition, and Change

First Joint Meeting of the Asian Society of the History of Medicine and History of Medicine in Southeast Asia Indonesian Academy of Science National Library of Indonesia Building Jakarta

27 – 30 June 2018

Apart from the opening session on Wednesday morning, the conference will be held at the 17th floor of the National Library of Indonesia building, at the headquarters of the Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI). Sessions will be held in the following rooms:

Room 1: Soesilo Room R. Soesilo was a leading Indonesian malariologist. He studied medicine at the Batavia Medical College (STOVIA) and the University of Amsterdam. He was the brother of dermatologist and politician R. Soetomo. He was executed by the Japanese in 1943.

Room 2: Achmad Mochtar room Achmad Mochtar was the most prolific Indonesian medical scientist. After studying in the Netherlands, he worked at the Batavia Bacteriological Institute (which was nicknamed the Eijkman Institute). During the Japanese occupation, he became its director. He was executed by the Japanese in 1945 for his alleged involvement in producing tainted vaccines that killed up to 1,000 indentured labourers.

Room 3: Marie Thomas room Marie Thomas was the first woman to graduate from the Batavia Medical College (STOVIA). She was from the predominatly Christian area of Minahasa, the North-easternmost tip of Sulawesi. She continued to practice medicine after marrying. After Indonesia’s independence was recognised, the continued to practice in Sulawesi.

The conference organisers wish to express their gratitude to the Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI), the National Library of Indonesia (PNRI), the University of Sydney, and the Netherlands Society of Tropical Medicine for their generous contributions to this conference.

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Wednesday, 27 June 2018 09.00 – 9.30 Welcome Auditorium, National Library of Indonesia, 2nd floor Sangkot Marzuki, President of the Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI) Wen-Ji Wang, Asian Society of the History of Medicine Hans Pols, History of Medicine in Southeast Asia

9.30 – 10.15 Plenary Address Auditorium, National Library of Indonesia, 2nd floor Chair: Hans Pols Probing the Turbulent Transition of 1940-1955: From Eijkman Instituut to Lembaga Eijkman Sangkot Marzuki, President Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI)

10.15 – 10.30 Break

10.30 – 12.15 Plenary Session 1 The Medical Journal of the Dutch Indies (1852-1942): Historical Perspectives Auditorium, National Library of Indonesia, 2nd floor Chair: Sangkot Marzuki, AIPI

The Malaria Expedition of Dr. Robert Koch through Java in 1899 Jan-Peter Verhave, Netherlands Society of Tropical Medicine

Infants, Toddlers and Children in the Medical Journal of the Dutch Indies Anjo Veerman, VU University, Amsterdam

Perspectives on Mental Illness during the Dutch Colonial Era Hans Pols, University of Sydney

Indonesian and Chinese authors in the Medical Journal of the Dutch Indies Liesbeth Hesselink, Independent Scholar

12.15 – 12.30 Book Launch and Presentation of the Taniguchi medal Auditorium, National Library of Indonesia, 2nd floor

Launching of the books: The Medical Journal of the Dutch Indies (1852-1942: A Platform for Medical Research (Jakarta: AIPI, 2017). and Jurnal Geneeskundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indie 1852- 1942: Mimbar Penelitian Kedokteran di Hindia Belanda (Jakarta: AIPI, 2018). Launched by Sangkot Marzuki, President AIPI

Presentation of the Taniguchi Medal of the Asian Society of the History of Medicine Wen-Ji Wang, National Yang-Ming University

12.30 – 13.30 Lunch AIPI, 17th floor, National Library of Indonesia Building

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13.30 – 15.30 Parallel Sessions A1 and A2 Parallel Session A1: The Medical Journal of the Dutch Indies: Historical Perspectives Soesilo Room Chair: Jan Peter Verhave, Netherlands Society of Tropical Medicine

Eclampsia: An Inquiry into its Origin and Treatment Antoine Keijser, Radboud University Nijmegen

Medical Administration: How Colonial Medical Services Were Organised Geert van Etten, Global Health Advisor

Hospitals Before and After Independence: Continuity, Transition, and Change Sjoerd Zondervan, Independent Scholar

Parallel Session A2: Histories of the Malaria War: Exploring Malaria around the Japanese Occupation of Indonesia and Malaysia Achmad Mochtar Room Chair: Hans Pols, University of Sydney

Malay, then Indonesian: Exploring Texts about Malaria before and after the Japanese Occupation James Collins, Kebangsaan Malaysia University

Prevention of Terminal Tropical Illness: Japanese Medical Studies for the War Mayumi Yamamoto, Miyagi University

“The Japanese ... Had Little or no Knowledge of the Disease”: Malaria as the Site of Colonial Knowledge Claims Sandra Manickam, Erasmus University

‘Kehidoepan Njamoek Malaria’ and ‘Obat-Obatan Asli’: Wartime Public Health Efforts seen through Indonesian Print Materials on Java William Bradley Horton, Akita University

15.30 – 16.00 Break

16.00 - 17.30 Parallel Sessions B1 – B2 Parallel session B1: The Future of Medical Research and Medical Care in Asia Soesilo Room Chair: Harry Wu, University of Hong Kong

Direct-to-Consumer Markets for Stem Cells: A Comparative Analysis of Australia, Japan and Singapore Tamra Lysaght, National University of Singapore

Emerging Gene Technologies and their Legalities in Southeast Asia: A Postcolonial Exploration Sonja van Wichelen, University of Sydney

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Parallel Session B2: Reshaping Medicine and Nursing after World War II in Taiwan Achmad Mochtar Room Chair: Hsiu-yun Wang, National Cheng Kung University

Competing for the State: The Medical Market, the Profession and the Taiwan Medical Association in Early Post-war Taiwan Hung Bin Hsu, National Cheng Kung University

Chow Meiyu and Military Nursing Training in Taiwan, 1950s-1970s Shu-Ching Chang, Chang Gung University, Taiwan

A History of Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Hyperthyroidism in Taiwan Hsiu-yun Wang, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

18.00 Dinner – at AIPI

Thursday, 28 June 2018 All sessions will take place at AIPI, 17th floor, National Library of Indonesia Building

9.00 – 10.00 Plenary Session 2 Ethics and Medicine Soesilo Room Chair: Warwick Anderson, University of Sydney

Dynamic Cultural Ethics in Treating Human Remains: Intersections of Beliefs, Sciences and Human Values on Re-study, Disposition, Repatriation and Reburial Claudia Surjadjaja, ALERTAsia Foundation

Disenfranchised Exit: Transformation of End-of-Life Care from Moral Economy to Modern Medicine in Hong Kong and Singapore Harry Wu, University of Hong Kong

10.00 – 10.30 Break

10.30 – 12.30 Parallel sessions C1 – C2 Parallel Session C1: Medicine in Colonial Times Soesilo Room Chair: Ravando, University of Melbourne

Filipino Physicians in Spanish Colonial Philippines: The Relation to Imperial Medicine with a Focus on Late 19th Century’s Manila Yoshishiro Chiba, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido

The Changes of the Responses to Epidemics in the Philippines During the Era of American Domination Chenyang Wang, Peking University

Plague and its Handling in the Residence of Surakarta in 1915-1922 Wasino, Semarang State University

Medical Recipe Books in the Dutch East Indies, 1875-1940

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Liesbeth Hesselink, Independent Scholar

Parallel session C2: Indonesia’s 1965 Tragedy: Towards a Redefinition of History? Marie Thomas Room Chair: Tyas Suci, Atma Jaya Catholic Univ of Indonesia, Jakarta

Breaking the Silence: Cultural and Religious Pathways of Surviving the Stigma of Indonesia’s 1965 Political Upheaval Ninik Supartini, Elemental Productions, Los Angeles Mahar Agusno, Gadjah Mada University

Silencing the Truth: How Society Confronts the 1965 Tragedy Nani I.R. Nurrachman-Sutoyo, Atma Jaya Catholic Univ of Indonesia, Jakarta

Performing Songs and Staging Theatre Performances as a Way of Working through the Trauma of the 1965 Indonesian Mass Killings Dyah Pitaloka, University of Sydney

12.30 – 13.30 Lunch

13.30 – 15.30 Parallel sessions D1 – D3 Parallel session D1: Modern Cities and Urban Sanitation in Asia Soesilo Room Chair: Bok Kyu Yum, University of Seoul

Changes in the Treatment of Excrement in Korea, 1880-1930s Yunjae Park, Kyung Hee University

Urban Sanitation and Plague Prevention in Modern Shanghai: Focusing on Smallpox Vaccine Jeongeun Jo, Kyung Hee Univesity

The Control of Venereal Diseases in Colonial Delhi and Urban Hygiene Woonok Yeom, Korea Univesity

Parallel Session D2: Insanity, Mental Illness, and Psychiatry, I Achmad Mochtar Room Chair: Byron Good, Harvard University

Individuals? Asylum Care in the Netherlands Indies, 1910-1940 Sebastiaan Broere, University of Amsterdam

The Insulin Myth in Chinese Psychiatry: A Study on Insulin Coma Therapy in China Xiaoyang Gu, Capital Medical University, China

Neurasthenia, Psy Sciences, and the Great Leap Forward Wen-Ji Wang, National Yang-Ming University

Media Reports on Suicide in Indonesia (1952-1953) Benny Prawira, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia

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Parallel Session D3: Medicine, Power, Trade, and Decolonisation Marie Thomas Room Chair: Anjo Veerman, VU University

The Japanese Medicine Business in the Netherlands East Indies Meta Sekar Puji Astuti, Hasanuddin University

Power Relations and Public Health Knowledge in Bali I Nyoman Wijaya, I Nyoman Sukiada & Anak Agung Ayu Dewi Girindrawardani, Udayana University

Health Equity and Community Empowerment in Indonesia: An example of a Colonial Inheritance in Health Rodri Tanoto, University of Indonesia

The History of Health Care Philanthropy in Indonesia Laksono Trisnantoro, Gadjah Mada University

15.30 – 16.00 Break

16.00 – 17.30 Parallel Sessions E1 – E3 Parallel Session E1: Medicine and Diversity in Modern Japan Soesilo Room Chair: William Bradley Horton, Akita University

The History of Modernization of Psychiatry on Japan’s Peripheries: Taiwan and Okinawa Akira Hashimoto, Aichi Prefectural University

Public Baths and the Concept of Cleanliness in Modern Japan Miki Kawabata, Ritsumeikan University

The Role of Shinto in the History of Psychiatry in Japan Iyo Kaneda, Kyoto University

Parallel Session E2: Insanity, Mental Illness, and Psychiatry, II Achmad Mochtar Room Chair: Wen-Ji Wang, National Yang-Ming University

The Problem of Mental Health in Plantungan Amurwani Dwi Lestariningsih, Presidential Museum Balai Kirti

Should the Study of Koro be Repatriated to Indonesia? David Peter Mitchell, Monash University

General Discussion

Parallel Session E3: The History of Psychology in Indonesia Mochtar Room Chair: Nani I.R. Nurrachman-Sutoyo, Atma Jaya Catholic Univ of Indonesia, Jakarta

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The Development of Psychology in Post-Colonial Indonesia, 1950-1959 Iwan Wahyu Widayat, Airlangga University

The Historical Transition toward the Emergence of Psychology in Indonesia Eunike Sri Tyas Suci, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta

The Quest for Postcolonial Self: Inter-referencing, Manusia Indonesia, and Psikologi Jawa Fadjar I. Thufail, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

18.30 Conference Dinner

Friday, 29 June 2018

09.00 – 10.00 Plenary Session 3 Leprosy in Indonesia Soesilo Room Chair: Por Heong Hong, University of Malaya

Ragapadmi and the Failed Health Propaganda on Leprosy in the Dutch East Indies Dimas Iqbal Romadhon, Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat

Winning the Losers: The Life of the Patients in the World of Indonesian Health Moordiati, Gajdah Mada University

10.00 – 10.30 Break

10.30 – 12.30 Parallel Sessions F1 – F2 Parallel Session F1: Traditional Medicine in Transition Soesilo Room Chair: C. Michele Thompson

Vietnamese Traditional Medicine (1954-1975): The Decolonization Process and The Cold War Nara Oda, Kyoto University

The Herb Pharmaceutical Industry in South Korea Eunjeong Ma, Pohang University of Science and Technology

Indian Medicine (Ayurveda) in Malaysia: Globalized Commodification after Decolonization Md. Nazrul Islam, United International College, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University

Parallel Session F2: Medical Research and Medical Education in Transition Achmad Mochtar Room Chair: Gani Ahmad Jaelani, Padjadjaran University

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Apotheker Assistenten School (1920 - 1934): The First School of Pharmaceutical Agents in Java Fathia Lestari, Independent Scholar

Transitions and Training: The Problem of Biomedical Staffing During South Sulawesi’s Post-Independence Period, 1950-1959 Jennifer Nourse, University of Richmond

Developing ‘Centres of Excellence’: The Indian Cancer Research Centre, 1950- 1962 Shirish N. Kavadi, Symbiosis International University, Pune

12.30 – 13.30 Lunch

13.30 – 15.30 Parallel Sessions G1 – G3 Parallel Session G1: Interregional Contact and Collaboration Soesilo Room Chair: Sonja van Wichelen, University of Sydney

Life, Science and Nation: Uramoto Masasaburō’s Physiological Worldview, 1935-1945 Hong Sookyeong, Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore

Mobilising Applied Medical Sciences for Indonesia: Soekarnoist Science and Asian-African Solidarity (1950s) Vivek Neelakantan, Independent Scholar

The Chinese Diaspora, the Cholera Pandemic, and Politics in Southeast Asia and China, 1960-1961 Xiaoping Fang, Nanyang Technological University

The Vietnam War (1965-1973) and its Impact on APCO: Emerging Networks of Tropical Medicine through inter-Asian Collaboration, 1965-1974 John P. DiMoia, Seoul National University

Parallel Session G2: Drugs and the Medical Treatment of Addiction in Indonesia Achmad Mochtar Room Chair: Jennifer Nourse, University of Richmond

The Hidden History of Cocaine in Indonesia during the Colonial Era Eunike Sri Tyas Suci, Atma Jaya Catholic Univ of Indonesia, Jakarta

Madat and Pemadat: The Strategy of Chinese-Indonesians in Eradicating Opium and Treating Opium Addiction, 1920s-1942 Ravando, University of Melbourne

The Anti-Opium Crusade in Java: The Rise and Development of Anti-Opium Movement in Late Colonial Java, 1915-1942 Abdul Wahid, Gadjah Mada University

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Illicit Drugs Policies during the Colonial Era and the Post-Independence Indonesia Sudirman Nasir, Hasanuddin University

The Forgotten Legacy of the Past and the Stagnancy of the Coming Future of Medical Cannabis Policy in Indonesia Asmin Fransiska, Atma Jaya Catholic Univ of Indonesia, Jakarta

Parallel Session G3: Diet, Nutrition, and Health Marie Thomas Room Chair: Liesbeth Hesselink, Independent Scholar

Between Poverty and Ignorance: The Question of Nutrition in Javanese People during the Late Colonial Period Gani Ahmad Jaelani, Padjadjaran University

“Hidden Hunger”: How Nutrition and Culinary Programs used as Government’s Propaganda to Conceal the Famine and Malnutrition Cases in Indonesia (1950 – 1967) Fadly Rahman, Padjadjaran University

The Question of Nutritional Improvement during the New Order Period in Indonesia (1966-1998) Shendy Vegaziandra Arsandy, Siti Hanipah & Rifa Utami Zahara, Padjadjaran University

15.30 – 16.00 Break

16.00 – 17.30 Parallel Sessions H1 – H2 Parallel Session H1: Plantations and Health Care Soesilo Room Chair: Wasino, Semarang State University

Health Service of Plantation Labourers in East Sumatra, 1945-1958 Kiki Maulana Affandi, Universitas Sumatera Utara Junaidi, Gadjah Mada University

The Origin of the Child Health Care in the Sumatra East Coast “Cultuurgebied” Devi Itawan, Gadjah Mada University

Parallel Session H2: Tuberculosis and Zoonosis Achmad Mochtar Room Chair: Vivek Neelakantan, Airlangga University

From Tuberculosis to Respiratory Medicine: The Historical Development of Pulmonology in Indonesia Agus Dwi Susanto, University of Indonesia

Rat and Zoonosis Cases in Gunung Kidul: Study on Collective Memory of Health Issue Martina Safitri, State Islamic Institute of Surakarta

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18.00 Dinner

Saturday, 30 June 2018

Excursions 10.00 – 12.00 Visit to the Museum on the History of Medicine in Indonesia IMERI building, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia. This museum is located in the new research building of the Faculty of Medicine, next to the building that housed medical teaching in Indonesia since 1919.

12.30 – 15.00 Visit to the Museum of National Awakening This museum is housed in the buildings of the former Batavia Medical College (STOVIA), where a group of medical students led by Sutomo founded Budi Utomo, the first Indonesian nationalist movement in the Dutch East Indies, in 1909.

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