CHAPTER ONE Introduction
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CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 General: The national security is a matter of concern to all government and due to the technology revolution the world become having the power of protecting incents from wars and covers their country boarders. The usage of sensors integrated with the weapons gives the weapons many features such as accuracy and efficiency, many sensors attached to weapons in order to give the soldiers the ability to have a night vision or even to detect other soldiers to avoid friendly fire problems [1]. Furthermore the usage of Heavy Machine Gun (HMG) which is a larger class of machine gun generally recognized to refer to two separate stages of machine gun development can be hard because of the weight and dangerous output that can hit the soldiers more over by using remote controlled heavy guns can reduce the loss of soldiers during attacks. In thisstudy an open control theory is used to control rocket launchers and missile position , also a wireless system will be used to increase safety, the mechanism of the work is to use a microcontroller interface board used to control of servo motors in x and y axis and the directions are coming from a transmitter circuit connected to a personal computer that is programmed to emulate the radar readings and calculate the target direction and speed and convert it to an angles to be transmitted to the receiver board , the microcontroller in the receiver board translates the readings to electrical signals to control the motors movements [1,2]. The study is concern in designing missile launcher controlled using wireless technology. 1 1.2 Problem definition: Dangerous to be used by soldiers. The number of solders losses during the attacks becomes higher than the previous decades. Reduced Accuracy and increased human mistakes. There is no data logger in the existing systems. 1.3 Objectives: 1-To design and implement missile launcher based on microcontroller and wireless communication control. 2- to Test proposed system. 1.4 Methodology: The thesisis designed and implemented through five phases: In Phase one the project system model will be simulated through simulation programs to insure that the components values are correct while phase two includes the design of Printed Circuit Board and the assembling of components, in phase three the testing and calibration will be done while phase four includes the results and comparisons of each experiment and tests done in the project while phase five includes notes of conclusion, recommendation and future work. 1.5 Thesis layout: This thesis is divided into five chapters, in chapter one gives an introduction to the study,it includes the problems, objectives and methodology. Chapter two illustrates the rocket launcher theory and types.Chapter three introduces the methodology and study requirements. Chapter four presents the design and simulation was included, while the fifth chapter includes the conclusion and recommendations along with the reference. 2 CHAPTER TWO Literature Review 2.1 Rocket launcher: A rocket launcher is any device that launches a rocket-propelled projectile, although the term is often used in reference to mechanisms that are portable and capable of being operated by an individualto detect unauthorized access to a secure door. If the beam is broken, the detector triggers some remote alerting device [4]. 2.1.1Shoulder-fired: The rocket launchers category includes shoulder-fired missile weapons, any weapon that fires a rocket-propelled projectile at a target yet is small enough to be carried by a single person and fired while held on one's shoulder. Depending on the country or region, people might use the terms "bazooka" or "RPG" as generalized terms to refer to such weapons, both of which are in fact specific types of rocket launchers. The bazooka is an American anti-tank weapon which was in service in 1942–1957, while the RPG is a Soviet anti-tank weapon [4]. Other forms of shoulder-launched rocket weapons include anti-tank guided missile, a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily-armored vehicles, as well as Man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS), which provides shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles. A smaller variation is the gyro jet, a small arms rocket launcher with ammunition slightly larger than that of a .45-caliber pistol. Recoilless rifles are sometimes confused with rocket launchers. However, the recoilless rifle merely fires a large projectile, not a projectile that continues to propel itself after leaving the barrel of the weapon. 2.1.2Rocket pod: A rocket pod is a launcher that contains several unguided rockets held in individual tubes, designed to be used by attack aircraft or attack 3 helicopters for close air support. In many cases, rocket pods are streamlined to reduce aerodynamic drag and shown in figure (2.1) Figure 2.1 Su-20 aircraft with UB-32 rocket pods The first pods were developed immediately after World War II, as an improvement over the previous arrangement of firing rockets from rails, racks or tubes fixed under the wings of aircraft. Early examples of pod- launched rockets were the US Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket and the French SNEB [4]. 2.1.3Large scale Larger-scale devices which serve to launch rockets include the multiple rocket launcher, a type of unguided rocket artillery system; the transporter erector launcher, a vehicle with an integrated prime mover that can carry, elevate to firing position and launch one or more missiles and various launchers for guided missiles, including ones for surface-to-air missiles, anti-ship missiles, and antisubmarine warfare guided missiles. The largest scale rocket launcher device currently in existence is a missile launch facility [4]. 2.1.4 Space Gun: A space gun is a method of launching an object into space using a large gun, or cannon. It provides a method of non-rocket space launch. 4 In the Project HARP a U.S. Navy 16 in (410 mm) 100 caliber gun was used to fire a 180 kg (400 lb) slug at 3600 m/s or 12,960 km/h (8,050 mph), reaching an apogee of 180 km (110 mi), hence performing a suborbital spaceflight. However, a space gun has never been successfully used to launch an object into orbit. 2.1.5 Technical issues: The large gun force experienced by a ballistic projectile would likely mean that a space gun would be incapable of safely launching humans or delicate instruments, rather being restricted to freight, fuel or ruggedized satellites. Atmospheric drag also makes it more difficult to control the trajectory of any projectile launched, subjects the projectile to extremely high forces, and causes severe energy losses that may not be easily overcome [4]. 2.1.6 Quick launch: After cancellation of SHARP, lead developers John Hunter founded the Jules Verne Launcher Company in 1996 and the Quick launch company. He now seeks to raise $500 million to build one that could refuel a propellant depot or send bulk materials into space [4] Ram accelerators have also been proposed as an alternative to light gas guns. Other proposals use electromagnetic techniques for accelerating the payload, such as coil guns and rail guns. 2.2Sensor: A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument and shown in figure (2.2). 5 Figure 2.2 Thermocouple sensor For example, a mercury-in-glass thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. For accuracy, most sensors are calibrated against known standards [5]. Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile sensor) and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base. There are also innumerable applications for sensors of which most people are never aware. Applications include cars, machines, aerospace, medicine, manufacturing and robotics. A sensor is a device, which responds to an input quantity by generating a functionally related output usually in the form of an electrical or optical signal. A sensor's sensitivity indicates how much the sensor's output changes when the measured quantity changes. For instance, if the mercury in a thermometer moves 1 cm when the temperature changes by 1 °C, the sensitivity is 1 cm/°C (it is basically the slope Dy/Dx assuming a linear characteristic). Sensors that measure very small changes must have very high sensitivities. Sensors also have an impact on what they measure; for instance, a room temperature thermometer inserted into a hot cup of liquid cools the liquid while the liquid heats the thermometer. Sensors need to be designed to have a small effect on what is measured; making the 6 sensor smaller often improves this and may introduce other advantages. Technological progress allows more and more sensors to be manufactured on a microscopic scale as micro sensors using MEMS technology. In most cases, a micro sensor reaches a significantly higher speed and sensitivity compared with macroscopic approaches [5]. 2.2.1Classification of measurement errors if a sensor measures temperature and has a voltage output was called Infrared Sensor and shown in figure (2.3) Figure2.3 Infrared Sensor A good sensor obeys the following rules: Is sensitive to the measured property only Is insensitive to any other property likely to be encountered in its application Does not influence the measured property Ideal sensors are designed to be linear or linear to some simple mathematical function of the measurement, typically logarithmic. The output of such a sensor is an analog signal and linearly proportional to the value or simple function of the measured property.